To reveal the energy consumption patterns of irregular ore particles under impact crushing, impact crushing tests were conducted on six types of iron ore with different properties, and the fractal characteristics of irregular iron ore fragmentation were analyzed, as well as the size effect on average particle size of fragments, fractal dimension, and unit absorption energy. Then, the energy consumption model of irregular single particle crushing was established. The results show that the average particle size of fragments, fractal dimension, unit absorption energy all exhibit a power function relationship with initial isosphere diameter under the same impact conditions. As the isosphere diameter of the particles increases, the average particle size of the fragments gradually increases, and the fractal dimension and unit absorption energy gradually decrease. There is an increasing relationship with power function between unit absorption energy and average particle size of fragments. The relationship between the logarithm of unit absorption energy and fractal dimension shows a linear increase. Through the method of ore crushing tests of irregular single ore particle, relationship models of unit crushing energy consumption of irregular iron ore particles changing with the initial size, average particle size of fragments, and fractal dimension were established, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.789, which effectively describes the energy consumption pattern of ore crushing.

With the continuous exploitation of wolframite resources, the raw ore gradually tends to be poor and fine. Flotation has become an effective means to improve the recovery efficiency of fine wolframite. In recent years, study of flotation technology has mainly focused on the development of flotation reagents. Taking the development of wolframite flotation reagents as the starting point, the development of collectors, activators and inhibitors in wolframite flotation was introduced. The combination methods, advantages and disadvantages and indexes of reagents were described in detail. The flotation process mechanism of flotation reagents and the mechanism of solid-drug surface action were analyzed. The results show that the chelating collector has strong selectivity, but the cost of the reagent is high, the manufacturing process is complex and the stability is poor, and there are few reagents that can be applied in actual production. Fatty acid collectors are widely used because of their strong collecting ability and low price, but their selectivity will be reduced, and they are often used in combination with other agents. The collecting performance of arsonic acid and phosphonic acid collectors is better than that of fatty acid collectors, but because of its high price and environmental pollution, it has not been applied in actual industrial production. The combined use of collectors can not only reduce the production cost of mines, but also reduce the use of toxic agents to a certain extent. Highly selective activators and inhibitors can achieve efficient separation of wolframite slime and gangue minerals. According to the existing situation, new reagents with high selectivity, low dosage, environmental protection and non-toxicity should be developed according to different ore properties.

The contents of silver (Ag), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and sulfur (S) in a polymetallic ore in Heilongjiang are 330.52 g/t, 0.57%, 0.29%, 25.77%, 9.05% and 3.38%, respectively. Due to the carbon content is high, mineral dissemination relationship is complex, as well as Ag, Pb and Zn are partially wrapped in Fe-Mn minerals, it is difficult to guarantee the concentrate grade and recovery rate. In order to realize the comprehensive recovery of valuable components in the ore, the process of Ag−Pb−Zn mixed flotation and Fe-Mn magnetic separation was adopted, and the full process closed-circuit test was carried out. The Ag, Pb and Zn grades of the Ag−Pb−Zn mixed concentrate obtained by the test are 3 010.80 g/t, 5.39% and 2.37%, respectively, and the recovery rates are 83.35%, 89.61% and 77.55%, respectively. The Fe grade and recovery rate of the Fe concentrate are 60.97% and 8.01%, respectively, and the total Fe recovery rate is 71.89%. The Mn grade and recovery rate of Mn concentrate are 18.30% and 76.38%, respectively. The tailings yield of the full process is 50.23%, and the Ag, Pb and Zn grades of the tailings are 35.07 g/t, 0.055% and 0.068%, respectively. By using copper sulfate as an activator and butyl xanthate+ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate as a collectors in Ag−Pb−Zn mixed flotation, the process has realized the comprehensive recovery of Ag, Pb and Zn with high recovery rates, as well as the effective recovery of Fe and Mn, additionally, the backwater can be reused in production.

In view of the limitations of existing technologies in the field of hydrometallurgy regarding green environmental protection, the application value and development potential of the glycine leaching system as a new type of green hydrometallurgical leaching technology were explored. By analyzing the unique physicochemical properties of glycine and its application advantages in the hydrometallurgy industry, the development history of the glycine hydrometallurgical leaching technology was reviewed, the research status and commercial dynamics of this technology in treating different types of mineral resources were sorted out, and the main existing problems of the technology were systematically summarized. The research results show that the glycine green hydrometallurgical leaching technology can expand the existing technologies in the metallurgical industry, and has the potential to replace the traditional cyanide gold extraction technology, especially in the field of rare and precious metals. Meanwhile, from aspects such as applicable fields, leaching efficiency of target metals, universality for secondary resources, and the mechanism of synergistic leaching systems, the development direction of the technology is clarified. The glycine green hydrometallurgical leaching technology has significant application value in the field of green hydrometallurgy, and can provide references for metal resource utilization, recovery of rare and precious resources, and secondary resource processing.

With the increase of mining depth, open stope mining method is facing greater safety hazards and environmental pressure. Filling mining method, as a safe and green mining technology, has been widely used in mining. Taking a large copper mine as the research object, combined with theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods, the stope structure parameters of upward layered point pillar filling mining method were optimized, and the effects of stope length, point pillar size and point pillar center spacing on stope stability and mine production capacity were systematically analyzed. The results show that when the stope length is 65 m, the point pillar size is 5 m×5 m, and the point pillar center spacing is 15 m, the stability of the mine stope is high and the production efficiency is the best. The optimization scheme of stope structure parameters can not only effectively guarantee the safe mining of the mine, but also improve the utilization rate of resources, which provides a scientific basis for the application of filling mining technology in similar mines.

The existing object detection algorithms for shaking table concentrate bands have problems such as inability to balance detection accuracy and speed, high computational costs, difficulty in compressing model size, and slow inference speed. To address these problems, a lightweight fusion network for shaking tables (YC-Lightweight Net) object detection algorithm was proposed. The YC-Lightweight Net model firstly used a repetitive visual transformation network to extract features from the images of shaking table sub-banding. Then, by introducing group space convolution, multi-scale efficient cross stage fusion modules, and using skip connections, an efficient and lightweight neck network was designed. Finally, a weight based layer adaptive pruning algorithm was used to compress the model size. The experimental results show that the accuracy, recall, mean average precision, and FPS indicators of the YC-Lightweight Net model are 98.4%, 97.9%, 98.8% and 333 frame/s, respectively. The detection accuracy and speed are significantly better than those of the compared models. The number of parameters, floating-point operations, and model size after pruning are 13.9%, 15.4% and 17.5% of the original model, respectively. The pruning operation greatly reduces the computational complexity and model size of the model. The YC-Lightweight Net model has good detection accuracy and real-time performance, meeting the requirements of industrial equipment for lightweight models in shaking table mineral processing plants. The study can provide a technical support for accurate identification of separation points in mineral bands and intelligent upgrading of the shaking table mineral processing plant equipment.

With the increase of mining depth, the backfill body is affected by high ground stress, mining disturbance and groundwater erosion. In order to explore the influence of groundwater erosion on the mechanical properties of cemented backfill body with polypropylene fiber tailings, uniaxial compression test and Brazilian splitting test were carried out on specimens with different fiber contents, and specimens with better mechanical properties were selected. Based on the groundwater erosion environment, uniaxial compression and acoustic emission monitoring tests were carried out to study the damage and failure evolution characteristics of polypropylene fiber backfill body under the action of groundwater. The results show that with the increase of polypropylene fiber content, the compressive strength of backfill body increases first and then decreases, and the peak strength of the specimen with 0.3% fiber content is 3.82 MPa, which is the best. After groundwater erosion, the cumulative ringing count characteristics of acoustic emission can be divided into three stages: initial active stage, steady growth stage and rapid growth stage, and obvious damage precursor characteristics appear in the steady growth stage. The durability of the backfill body specimens with different pH erosion of groundwater is as follows: eroded backfill body specimens with pH=9> eroded backfill body specimens with pH=7> eroded backfill body specimens with pH=5> non eroded backfill body specimens. With the increase of groundwater pH, the RA-AF shear crack signal continues to decrease, the damage and failure of the backfill body changes from shear failure to tensile failure. The research results can provide reference for the improvement of mechanical properties and durability of mine backfill body.

Based on the first-principles of density functional theory, quantum chemical calculations were performed using the CASTEP module of Materials Studio (MS) software to simulate and optimize the crystal structure, cleavage surface, and adsorption models of magnesite and hornblende in adsorption with reagents. On this basis, the band structure and density of states of magnesite and hornblende were analyzed. The adsorption energies of dodecylamine and the novel collector KDLX on the magnesite (104) and amphibole (110) surfaces were obtained, respectively. The results show that the band gap widths of magnesite and hornblende are 4.920 eV and 3.962 eV. The optimized crystal structure has a better stability. The ammonium hydrogen atoms in dodecylamine and KDLX undergo hydrogen bonding and physical adsorption with the oxygen atoms of minerals. Compared with dodecylamine, KDLX has a stronger adsorption capacity for hornblende and it is predicted that the collector can be used for flotation removal of silica-containing gangue minerals in magnesite ore. This study has revealed the surface characteristics of minerals and the adsorption mechanism of reagents, which has a guiding significance for the flotation separation of magnesite and hornblende and the selection of flotation reagents.

Aiming at the problem of stable driving of mining rehicle in the complex terrain of submarine cobalt-rich crusts, a scheme of four-track all-wheel drive travel mechanism for deep-sea mining vehicles and a terrain-adaptive control method were proposed, and a mechanical model of four-track travel was established. A multi-body dynamics simulation model was built based on Recurdyn software. The characteristics of the four-track travel mechanism, such as straight-line travel, climbing, obstacle-crossing and steering, were analyzed, and laboratory tests and marine tests for the travel mechanism were carried out for verification. The results show that the test results are close to the theoretical calculation values, with the calculation error within 10%. The adaptive control method effectively improves the travel effect of the travel mechanism and reduces the deviation of straight-line travel. When the travel speed is 0.051 m/s, the adoption of vehicle body leveling control can improve the travel stability by 2 to 3 times. However, when the travel speed is 0.198 m/s, the control effect is relatively poor. On the whole, as the travel speed increases, the effect of the adaptive control weakens continuously. The research results can provide references for the research and development of travel technologies and equipment in deep-sea complex terrains.

In order to explore the potential value of a large amount of safety hazard data in the construction process of intelligent mines, taking a mine in Shandong as an example, comprehensive analysis of its historical safety hazard data from 2014 to 2023 was conducted, and a multidimensional analysis model for mine safety management was constructed. Firstly, a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) was used to construct a personnel, equipment, and environmental classification model for identifying hazards and accidents. Using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model, equipment hazards were classified into eight topics of lighting, transportation, support, electrical, firefighting, blasting, ventilation, and miscellaneous. Then, based on the principle of Apriori algorithm, key information was extracted from unstructured hazard text, and the relationship between different hazard features and topics was explored and analyzed. Finally, deep analysis of the data mining results was conducted using a combination of multidimensional analysis and data visualization techniques. The results indicate that equipment related hazards are high-risk areas that require special attention in the safety management of the mine. The lack of support for the roof, potholes on sloping road surfaces, and installation of switch grounding are significant hazard topics and associated rules, and the areas such as S16181 and S18165 are gathering areas for this type of hazard. The multidimensional analysis model constructed by the research can provide a basis for the analysis of mining safety hazards.