To study the motion characteristics of particles in hydraulic lift pipelines during deep-sea mining, a set of particle image processing technique was proposed, including image preprocessing, binarization processing, morphological operations, edge detection of particles, and overlapping segmentation. This technique was used to identify and extract particle information from cross-sectional images of pipe obtained from hydraulic transportation simulation experiments, and the distribution and motion patterns of particles within the pipeline were also analyzed. The results show that the larger particles tend to aggregate near the pipe wall, where fluid flows at a lower velocity; the smaller particles are mainly concentrated at the center of the pipeline with the fluid at a higher velocity. The distribution of the average particle velocity along the radial direction of the pipeline follows a parabolic law of variation. The average velocity decreases as particle size increases, and also the velocity reaches the maximum at the center of pipe and then gradually decreases towards the wall. It is found that the proposed particle image processing technique can be effective in analyzing the motion characteristics of particles in pipeline.

In order to conduct more practical stability analysis for soil-rock slope, it was proposed to use Fortran language in a slope model to randomly generate rocks, based on which a soil-rock slope model was established. The stability analysis was conducted respectively for soil-rock slopes with five kinds of rock content. It is found that as the rock content therein increases, the slope stability gradually improves and the potential sliding surface of the slope also changes. The plastic zone penetration presents three typical modes: rock detouring, shunting and rock inclusion. The displacement in X direction is always the largest at the foot of the slope, and the maximum total displacement starts at the foot, moving to the middle of the slope and finally back to the bottom of the slope. The simulation results obtained by this method were compared to the calculation results of models with two typical equivalent strength parameters, and it is concluded that the safety factor calculated by this method is quite different from that obtained by the other two models, and also different in changing trend. In the future, this soil-rock slope model can be further optimized for other complex working conditions based on the mechanical characteristics and laws, with the influence of joints and cracks also taken into consideration.

In the east side of Yanqianshan Iron Mine of Anshan Iron and Steel Company, the transition from open-pit to underground mining causes failure and collapse of rock slope. In order to solve this problem, tests were performed by adopting numerical simulation and the base friction model to analyze the failure process and failure mode. The different collapse angles at different mining stages were explored, and development process of collapse area was summarized in terms of fissures. It is found that as mining operation proceeds, the collapse angle is reducing due to disturbance of mining activity; the collapse area undergoes four stages, including progressive fissure enrichment, deformation during aging, growth of slip surface, and collapse formation; and the slope failure in the east side of Yanqianshan Iron Mine is predominantly attributed to the sliding crack model of deformation.

The traditional formula for prediction of blast-induced vibration has low accuracy, thus a prediction model for blast-induced vibration velocity in open-pit mines was constructed based on bidirectional long-short-term memory network (Bi-LSTM). This model can process time series data in both directions while capturing the dependency between inputs of the past and future information at upper and lower layers and the outputs. From the monitoring data of blasting operation in Gaocun Iron Mine of Maanshan Iron and Steel Group, the relevant data were selected as the inputs, and the prediction results by Bi-LSTM were compared with those based on Sadaovsky formula. The results show that the blast-induced vibration velocity predicted based on Sadaovsky formula has a mean error of 26.87%, and the blast-induced vibration velocity predicted by Bi-LSTM algorithm has a mean error of 8.95%. It is shown that the Bi-LSTM model can have the prediction results in a high degree of agreement with the measured results. In the future, this Bi-LSTM model will be trained with the monitoring data of other mines to improve its generalization ability, and also will be implanted by transfering learning into a real-time safety monitoring and early warning platform for mines.

In order to analyze the strength variation characteristics of cemented backfill mass at different temperatures under dynamic loading, a SHPB impact test was performed to study the mechanical properties of cemented backfill mass under dynamic loading during the energy evolution process. The results show that the compressive strength of the cemented backfill mass under dynamic loading increases as the curing temperature rises, and presents obvious splitting tensile failure. It is also found that the stress-strain curves of backfill mass at different curing temperatures are similar, all consisting of three stages: quasi-elastic stage, plastic deformation stage and post-peak failure stage. The backfill mass experiences a wave impedance effect. At an approximate strain rate (100 s^-1), about 77% of the energy is reflected and about 2% of the energy is transmitted through the backfill mass during the impact process. As the curing time is prolonged and the curing temperature rises, the energy absorption density and transmissive energy of the backfill mass increase. The micro-analysis shows that with the rise of curing temperature, the internal hydration reaction of backfill mass occurs at a higher rate, leading to higher degree of hydration and more hydration products. Those hydration products gradually fill in the internal pores of backfill mass, resulting in denser microstructure. It further confirms that increasing curing temperature can improve the early strength of backfill mass.

In order to scientifically assess risks in the production and operation of underground mines and improve the safety prevention and control in underground mining, a risk assessment index system for underground mines was constructed by selecting five primary indices and 16 secondary indices based on the underground mining characteristics. And then, the subjective and objective weights of the assessment indices were determined by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method (EWM), and the comprehensive weight of the indices was also optimized by adopting a combined weighting method to improve the accuracy of the assessment results. The safety risk in underground mines was assessed with the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Later, five mines investigated by the experts organized by Hunan Bureau of the State Administration of Mine Safety were taken as samples for assessment with this method. The safety risk assessment results obtained with different models show that three risk indices with higher weights, including operation status of six equipment systems in terms of equipment factor, mine geological conditions in terms of environmental factor, and work safety system in terms of management factor, can bring obvious threat to the mine safety operation. The safety risk assessment of five mines shows that a tungsten mine has the highest risk level, while a graphite mine has the lowest risk level.

A beneficiation flowsheet comprised of two stages of roughing for copper-sulfur bulk flotation, bulk concentrate regrinding and Cu/S separation was adopted for optimization of beneficiation technique for a high-altitude copper ore. By applying asynchronous flotation for Cu-S bulk flotation and using KMY-1, a copper collector with good selectivity for Cu/S separation, efficient recovery of refractory copper minerals with microfine-grained dissemination can be actualized. A laboratory closed-circuit test finally produced a copper concentrate grading 23.06% Cu at 78.29% recovery, up by 2.92 percentage points and 9.59 percentage points correspondingly compared to the copper concentrate yielded from the on-site processing flow.

The mechanism for calcite depression with esterified starch was investigated by performing flotation test, surface tension test, zeta potential measurement and infrared spectroscopy analysis. The results show that, compared with ordinary starches, the esterified starch serves as a significantly stronger depressant for calcite. The esterified starch with bipolar functional groups can be chemisorbed onto calcite, reducing the contact angle of calcite surface and increasing its hydrophilicity. It also causes a negative shift of zeta potential of calcite, therewith, enhancing dispersion of calcite particles and effectively reducing hydrous entrainments in flotation products. In the flotation system using sodium oleate as the collector, esterified starch, possessing greater steric hindrance than sodium oleate, can prevail in their competitive adsorption and hinder the adsorption of sodium oleate.

The electronic structure and spin state of pristine rhodochrosite and rhodochrosites with Mn atoms substituted by Ca, Mg or Fe atoms were calculated by density functional theory (DFT), and the magnetism of rhodochrosites was investigated by calculating their spin magnetic moment. The results show that substituting Mn atoms in rhodochrosite for Ca, Mg or Fe atoms can weaken the magnetism of rhodochrosite, and, among the four types of atoms, Mn atoms exhibit the highest saturation magnetization, followed by Fe atoms. The magnetic field and spin magnetic moment generated by the relative motion of ion core to electron of Mn²⁺ are larger than those of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Fe²⁺.

A complete set of mineral processing technology was proposed for beneficiation tests of a beach placer with TiO₂ grade of 3.33% and Cr₂O₃ content of 0.36%. After a pre-concentration comprised of a gravity separation, a low intensity magnetic separation and a medium intensity magnetic separation, the rough concentrate was processed by roasting followed by dry magnetic separation, producing a titanium concentrate with TiO₂ grade of 47.72%, Cr₂O₃ grade of 0.071% and TiO₂ recovery of 64.76%. It is concluded that the goal to prepare qualified titanium concentrate by extracting titanium and reducing chromium can therewith be achieved.

The process mineralogy and separation feasibility of an ilmenite ore from Xinjiang were comprehensively studied to recover iron and titanium resources from the gravity separation concentrate. The process mineralogy results show that the valuable minerals therein include ilmenite, manganese-bearing ilmenite, titanium-bearing magnetite and magnetite, while the gangue minerals therein are predominantly tremolite, riebeckite, garnet and sphene. After one stage of grinding, iron minerals were collected with one stage of low intensity magnetic separation. Then, two stages of high intensity magnetic separation were adopted to recover titanium minerals. The titanium rough concentrate was treated by a flotation for desulfurization and a flotation process consisting of one stage of roughing, one stage of scavenging and four stages of cleaning. The whole process produced an iron concentrate grading 63.93% TFe at 69.11% recovery, presenting a good separation index, and a titanium concentrate was obtained with grade of 32.59% TiO₂ at 28.04% recovery. It is found that low TiO₂ content and high content of iron-bearing silicate gangue minerals are the main factors affecting the ilmenite beneficiation indicators.

A kind of silver concentrate in Henan Province has the associated lead therein with an average grade around 7%, lower than the grade for pricing. A classification test was conducted with a hydrocyclone for the silver concentrate, and effects of parameters, including cone angle, underflow orifice diameter, and angle-cone ratio, on the classification and concentration of silver concentrate were explored. It is found that by adopting a 100 model hydrocyclone with cone angle of 60°, feed in a mass fraction of 13.89% to be fed at the pressure of 0.2 MPa, overflow pipe of 22 mm in diameter, and the underflow orifice of 12 mm in diameter, a high-lead silver concentrate grading 6316.29 g/t Ag and 12.39% Pb can be obtained at corresponding recoveries of 79.06% Ag and 79.45% Pb, with a yield of 49.25%; meanwhile, a low-lead silver concentrate with silver grade of 1 623.36 g/t can be obtained. This processing technique can obtain both high-and low-lead silver concentrate at the same time, leading to the economic value of the silver concentrate improved by 687.96 Yuan per ton.

A prediction method for mineral processing indices of shaking table was proposed based on eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). As for the separation product zone, it can quantify the colour difference by colour moments, the shape characteristics by image moments, and the texture characteristics by evaluation indices of grey-level co-occurrence matrix, including contrast, homogeneity, correlation and ASM energy. The features of the separation product zone can be effectively extracted according to the difference in its colour, shape and texture during separation process. Subsequently, those features can be filtered by employing XGBoost, with which a prediction model can be then constructed. After being trained with the test set to predict the grade, recovery rate and yield of concentrate, this model can achieve accurate prediction of separation indices. It is found that the XGBoost-based model outperforms the decision tree model and random forest model in terms of accuracy when applied for predicting recovery and yield of concentrate.

An experimental study with a novel flotation reagent was carried out for some refractory low-grade polymetallic ore from Henan Province, and a process of Cu-Mo bulk flotation, followed by Cu/Mo separation was adopted in the experiment. With a processing flow consisting of a Cu-Mo bulk flotation (including two stages of roughing, one stage of cleaning, and two stages of scavenging) with L43 as a collector and L56 as a frother, followed by regrinding of the obtained Cu-Mo bulk concentrate, and Cu/Mo separation (including one stage of roughing, three stages of cleaning and three stages of scavenging) with L789 as a depressant, the experiment produced a molybdenum concentrate grading 50.780% Mo, 0.602% Cu with 65.30% Mo recovery and 4.72% Cu recovery, and a copper concentrate grading 0.165% Cu and 0.362% Mo with recoveries of 4.49% Cu and 1.61% Mo. It is shown 90.79% Cu is recovered into the mixed tailings.

To solve problems of poor selectivity, thick foaming and large reagent consumption in recovering spodumene with fatty acid collectors, anionic and cationic collectors were introduced to flotation tests of spodumene, feldspar and quartz. According to the results of pure mineral tests, a anionic-cationic collector can enhance the synergistic effect of reagents, and improve the grade and recoveries of concentrates. CFLH-18, a combination of anionic and cationic collectors, was introduced in a close-circuit flotation test of granite pegmatite-type spodumene from Jinchuan County of Sichuan Province, and a spodumene concentrate with Li₂O grade of 4.62% was collected at 78.54% recovery. Compared with the on-site practice using fatty acid collectors, Li₂O grade and recovery are improved by 0.10 percentage points and 5.93 percentage points. Meanwhile, the concentrate enrichment ratio is raised from 3.77 to 4.57.

A technique consisting of acid leaching, oxidative precipitation for impurity removal, and solvent extraction was adopted to effectively separate and recover nickel from high-nickel electroplating sludge, and then high-purity nickel sulfate hexahydrate was prepared. Firstly, the sludge was leached with sulfuric acid, and most of nickel, copper, iron and aluminum in the sludge were leached out in the leachate; then, hydrogen peroxide was added to the leachate for oxidation and precipitation to remove iron therein, and the suitable endpoint pH value was 3; after that, sodium sulfide with an appropriate excess coefficient of 1.2 was added to remove impurities therein, resulting in the precipitation rates of Fe and Cu reaching 99.43% and 98.13% respectively; by adjusting the pH value of the precipitated solution, nickel hydroxide was precipitated and then dissolved with sulfuric acid into nickel sulfate solution, which was extracted with P204 for deep removal of impurities. As a result, the secondary extraction rates of Cu, Fe and Al were up to 98.41%, 99.99% and 95.15% respectively, and the extraction rate of Ni was just 9.4%. The obtained raffinate was subjected to evaporation concentration, followed by cooling crystallization, and a nickel sulfate hexahydrate with purity exceeding 99.95% was finally prepared.

To reasonably select the composition of molten slag for efficient enrichment of rare earth elements therein, the viscosity and melt structure of mixed rare earth slag under different binary basicity conditions were explored using rotating cylinder method, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy. The results show that with the binary basicity of 0.50, 0.86, 1.00, and 1.20 respectively, the corresponding viscosity of the slag system at 1 550 ℃ is 1.30, 0.87, 0.60, and 0.36 Pa·s, and the activation energy of the viscous flow unit is 268, 220, 216, 202 kJ respectively; the area fractions of Q¹ (Si) and Q² (Si) in the molten slag are all more than 24%. As the binary basicity increases, the area fraction of bridging oxygen (O⁰) decreases, and the area fractions of non-bridging oxygen (O^-) and free oxygen (O^2-) decrease, and the K value representing the polymerization degree of slag gradually decreases from 0.53 to 0.10. It is found that the structure system of molten slag tends to be simple with the increase of binary basicity, which is the main reason for decrease in the viscosity of a mixed rare earth slag.

The leachate obtained from the oxidation leach of nickel-cobalt-iron powder with sulfuric acid was taken in the study for preparing iron phosphate. After potential adjustment, Al³⁺ and Cr³⁺ in the leachate were removed by neutralization and precipitation to achieve an efficient separation of Fe²⁺ and Al³⁺. The purified solution was then oxidized and used to prepare ferric phosphate hydrate by iron precipitation with phosphoric acid. Finally, the purified Ni-Co-rich solution was used to prepare nickel-cobalt hydroxide. It is found that firstly, with pH of the leachate at 4.5, 10 min of reaction at 25 ℃ can lead to the removal rates of Al and Cr reaching 100% and 97.15%, with loss rate of Fe at 2.42%; secondly, the obtained purified solution is subjected to 10-min iron precipitation at 25 ℃ with pH of 2.1, resulting in iron precipitation rate of 97.30%, loss rates of Ni and Co at 0.36% and 0.64%, respectively; the precipitate, amorphous iron phosphate with water of crystallization, is then subjected to 2-h calcination at 700 ℃ and converted to anhydrous FePO₄, with both impurity content and iron-phosphorus ratio up to the standard of type I anhydrous iron phosphate in HG/T 4701—2021.

Vanadium slag, as raw material, went through calcified roasting processes in the study, and the thermodynamics and kinetic analysis were conducted for verifying the roasting mechanism. The results show that calcified roasting process mainly includes iron oxidation, oxidative decomposition of olivine and spinel, as well as calcification. Based on theoretical and data analysis, calcium-containing phases are formed in the following sequence: CaV₂O₆, Ca₂V₂O₇, Ca₃V₂O₈, CaSiO₃. At a high temperature, excess CaO reacts with vanadium to generate Ca₃V₂O₈ and CaSiO₃. The oxidation and calcification processes of vanadium spinel are controlled by a third-order reaction, and the apparent activation energy is 282.45 kJ/mol. In the leaching experiment, the leaching rate reaches the maximum after roasting at 860 ℃ for 120 min, which is consistent with the results obtained from theoretical analysis of calcified roasting process.

For recovering the cobalt in a sulfur-cobalt concentrate mainly occurring as isomorphism in pyrite and magnetite, an experimental study was carried out by adopting roasting and leaching process. The results show that the sulfur-cobalt concentrate, at the fineness of -0.074 mm 80%, was firstly roasted at 620 ℃ for 3 h by adding sodium sulfite as an aid at an amount of 5% of the mass weight of sulfur-cobalt concentrate, and then leached for 2 h at 90 ℃ with sulfuric acid at an amount of 20% of the mass weight of sulfur-cobalt concentrate, liquid-solid ratio of 2∶1, leading to a cobalt leaching rate of 85.85%. It is found that sulfur-cobalt concentrate is transformed into hematite after oxidizing roasting, and cobalt in the roasted ore mainly exists in the form of cobalt oxide and cobalt sulfate.

A process for continuous producing lithium carbonate from spodumene was presented based on the processing technique including converting natural spodumene into β-spodumene for roasting, and sulphation roasting. Aspen Plus software was adopted to simulate the whole production process, with the parameters optimized as follows: H₂SO₄ and Li₂O in a molar ratio of 1.1, liquid-solid ratio of 2.0, and temperature for lithium precipitation at 85 ℃. Under the above conditions, lithium carbonate product can be finally produced with purity of 99.55% (in a mass fraction), presenting lithium recovery rate at 87.7%. The energy consumption of natural gas, pure water and steam is 0.42, 6.64 and 0.72 per unit of lithium carbonate product respectively.

Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) was used to monitor the micro-mass change during the gold leaching process for exploring the variation of gold leaching rate in cyanide solution. It is found that with a cyanide ion concentration of 55.2 mg/L and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the system increased from 1.5 mg/L to 8.5 mg/L, the leaching rate of gold can be increased from 430.9 ng/(cm²·min) to 514.8 ng/(cm²·min), up 19.5%; with the dissolved oxygen at the mass concentration of 8.5 mg/L, an increase in the cyanide ion concentration from 22.6 mg/L to 55.2 mg/L can lead to the gold leaching rate up to 514.8 ng/(cm²·min) from 60.1 ng/(cm²·min), presenting a 7.6-fold improvement. It is concluded that the gold-leaching rate has something to do with the ratio of cyanide ion concentration to dissolved oxygen concentration . The gold leaching rate is higher with at the room temperature.

In order to clarify the mass transfer law in the process of salt conversion into corresponding acid and base by introducing bipolar membrane and thus to instruct industrial production with it, a model of electrodialysis unit cell with Na₂SO₄ as the raw material was constructed by introducing bipolar membrane (BPM) based on Nernst-Planck and Poisson equations. Key parameters including the number of grids and the capacity of membrane groups of the unit cell were obtained by calculating with COMSOL Multiphysics software. The salt conversion rates in the unit cell with different voltage and feed concentration were calculated based on simulation, and then compared with the experimental data. The results show that with the grid number of 30 000 and the membrane group capacity of negative/positive membrane at 300 mol/m³, the simulated results with the constructed model are in good agreement with the measured data. Based on the corresponding calculation, data of potential distribution, ion distribution and distribution of ion migration flux in the unit cell during mass transfer process were obtained. It is found that the mass transfer rate and energy efficiency of Na₂SO₄ converted into corresponding acid and base by bipolar membrane are mainly influenced by voltage drop and membrane voltage in the unit cell.

An experiment was carried out for extraction of zinc from the tailings of lead flotation by adopting sulfuric acid leaching, and effects of grinding fineness, addition of sulfuric acid, leaching temperature, leach time, stirring speed and liquid-solid ratio on zinc leaching rate were investigated. The results show that the lead flotation tailings with the grinding fineness of -0.074 mm 75% are subjected to 1.5 h leaching at 60 ℃ by adding 15% sulfuric acid with stirring speed at 200 r/min, liquid-solid ratio of 3.0 mL/g, resulting in zinc leaching rate of 90.71%. The obtained leachate has Zn at the concentration of 18.94 g/L, and high content of Cd, Fe, Mn, Ca and Mg, which needs attention in the subsequent purification and enrichment operation.

The effects of continuous and semi-continuous synthesis processes of precursor on the structure and performance of precursor materials and nickel-rich NCM cathode materials were explored. The results show that primary particles of the precursors synthesized by these two processes are quite different in morphology, leading to the difference in structure of primary/secondary particles and electrochemical property of the correspondingly synthesized cathode materials. These two cathode materials present little different performance in a button half cell, but significant difference in a soft pack battery. The nickel-rich cathode synthesized by the semi-continuous process has a lower impedance at a low state of charge, and retains 87.61% of its capacity after 750 cycles at 45 ℃, much higher than the retention rate (77.65%) of the nickel-rich cathode synthesized by the continuous process. It is concluded that the semi-continuous synthesis process for precursor is superior in the production of nickel-rich cathode materials.

The effects of different solid solution time on the mechanical properties, intergranular corrosion (IGC) and microstructure of an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy were investigated by performing tensile testing, IGC tests, and electrochemical corrosion analysis, as well as using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction techniques. Results show that increasing the solution time from 5 min to 120 min leads to a gradual dissolution of residual second phase and a gradual increase in the size and quantity of Ω phase, contributing to a remarkable improvement in mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the IGC resistance of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy is found to be considerably degraded as solution time is prolonged. The potential difference between the precipitation free zone (PFZ) and the matrix is the decisive factor in accelerating the IGC rate, while the PFZ width has no obvious influence on IGC resistance.

ZL101 alloy was modified by using mechanical stir casting process with an addition of rare-earth Yb at the mass fraction of 0-0.9%, for investigating the effect of Yb content on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of ZL101 alloy. The results show that with the addition of rare-earth Yb at a mass fraction of 0.6%, ZL101 alloy has its α-Al phase changed from coarse dendritic structure without modification to spheroidal dendrite with fine size, regular shape and regular arrangement, also the eutectic Si phase changed from the coarse long strip and needle sheet to the granular and short rod. It is shown that Yb reacts with Al substrate to form Al₃Yb rare-earth phase with long strip structure. With the addition of Yb at 0.6%, ZL101 alloy has its corrosion rate at 13.25 mg/(cm²·d), 37.23% lower than that before the addition of Yb. It can be seen from the corrosion surface observation that increasing Yb content leads to gradual decrease in the number of corrosion products and pits on the corrosion surface of the alloy.

In order to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, a cladded coating of TiO₂ and TiN was prepared on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser cladding, and the microhardness, wear resistance, microstructure and element distribution of the coating were explored. Compared to the substrate, the surface hardness and wear resistance of the coating are significantly improved. It is shown that with TiO₂ and TiN powder in a mass ratio of 1∶9, the hardness and specific wear rate of the coating can reach 1 936.1HV_0.1 and 2.06×10^-14 mm³/(N·m), respectively, which are 5.4 times and 3.26 times those of the substrate. The main components of the coating include α-Ti, TiN, and TiN_0.6O_0.4, which is the reason for the significant increase in hardness and wear resistance of the TiO₂-TiN cladded coating. The research results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for improving the hardness and wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser cladding technology.

CiteSpace, as a bibliometric analysis tool, was firstly used to quantitatively analyze and visualize keyword clusters, co-citation relationships and burst terms for scientific literature on Laves phase used for high-temperature materials in the Web of Science from 2003 to 2023. A timeline chart of keyword clustering reflects the fundamental development status of Laves phase research in the search interval, revealing two hot topics in frontier research: one is improvement of room temperature brittleness or synergistic improvement of strength and plasticity of multi-phase high-entropy alloys reinforced by Laves phases, another is the effect of Laves phase precipitates on the microstructure and properties of heat-resistant alloy steels (P92, 12Cr and G115) at 600-650 ℃, at which creep occurs. The timeline chart of keyword clustering is consistent with the chart of relationship between literature and author in citation networks, both reflecting the activity of Laves phase research. In the future, those key authors and publications with high-quality achievement mined by the visualized patterns and trend should be paid more attention.

The effect of heat treatment parameters on the microstructure and properties of QAl11-6-6 aluminum bronze alloy extruded rod was explored by performing orthogonal test, in combination with metallographic microscope, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and hardness tester. The results show that the microstructure of extruded aluminum bronze alloy consists of α, κ (AlFe, AlFe₃, AlNi), γ₂, and the remaining β′ phases; the heat treatment including solid solution and aging can effectively improve the hardness of the alloy extruded rod; the influence of four process parameters on the hardness of the alloy is in the following descending order: aging time > aging temperature > solid solution time > solid solution temperature. The sample was quenched by water cooling after solid solution at 910 ℃ for 45 min, and then treated by aging at 450 ℃ for 150 min. The hardness of the alloy was increased to 40.1HRC from previous 33.4HRC in the extruded state, presenting obvious age hardening effect. It is found that precipitation of more martensite-like β' was the main reason for significant increase in hardness of the alloy after aging treatment.

A high-strength Al-Si-Mg alloy was prepared by adopting selective laser melting (SLM), and then compared to the as-cast Al-Si-Mg alloy in terms of phase composition, microstructure, element distribution, crystallographic characteristics, and mechanical properties. It is found that Al-Si-Mg alloy prepared by SLM consists of α-Al matrix and eutectic Si particles, and the diffraction peaks of α-Al solid solution shift to lower angles due to the solid solution strengthening effect of Fe and Mg elements. The Al-Si-Mg alloy prepared by SLM has grain size approaching 18.35 μm, the dislocation density of 1.91×10¹⁵/m², the surface hardness of (117.8±4.7) HV, the tensile strength of (436±13) MPa, and the elongation of (7.98±0.27)%, presenting superior performance than the as-cast Al-Si-Mg alloy. The alloy prepared by SLM technology is under the synergetic effect of fine grain strengthening, solid solution strengthening, dislocation strengthening and second phase strengthening, and the ductile fracture is its main failure mechanism.

The effect of solid state diffusion of Li on the polarization behavior of Li-Al alloy anode was studied, and Li-Al electrodes with different specific surface areas and Cu@Li electrodes without the effect of solid state diffusion of Li were prepared. The polarization behavior of electrodeposited Li-Al alloy with a deposited capacity of 0.51 mAh/cm² in a half cell and a full cell were investigated by using galvanostatic charge-discharge measurement, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique. The results show that the solid-state diffusion of Li in Li-Al is the main reason for the polarization of Li-Al electrode in a half cell and a full cell, and the diffusional lithium trapping will increase the internal resistance of the cell, bringing in enhanced polarization phenomenon and finally resulting in the low discharge potential of about 1.84 and 1.55 V for Li-Al‖S battery. Surface α-Al layer causes diffusional lithium trapping, and disrupting it can not only increase the Li⁺ concentration in the electrolyte and promote the precipitation of Li₂S, leading to reduced polarization, but also increase discharge voltage of LiAl‖S battery to approach the thermodynamic discharge potential.

The innovation efficiency of each link of China's non-ferrous metal-new energy industrial chain was measured based on a four-stage DEA model, and its influencing factors were analyzed with the Tobit model. Based on the study, the following conclusions can be made: after SFA model adjustment, the four links of the industrial chain, i.e. mineral products, refined products, new energy materials and new energy application, can be arranged in descending order in terms of innovation efficiency, and pure technical efficiency is the key factor restricting the improvement of the innovation efficiency of each link of the industrial chain; the innovation efficiency of the industrial chain also presents the characteristics of being stronger in the west and weaker in the east in terms of spatial distribution; state-owned enterprises can demonstrate high innovation efficiency than non-state-owned enterprises; the concentration of suppliers, enterprise size, and the quality of employees are positively correlated to the innovation efficiency, while the degree of market competition, the debt to asset ratio, and the equity concentration are negatively correlated to the innovation efficiency. In order to improve the innovation efficiency of the industrial chain, more efforts should be made in policy support for reducing innovation risks of new energy enterprises, increasing the returns of new energy enterprises, and promoting the formation of industrial clusters.