For the problems of low efficiency and long computational time in the fluid-structure interaction of free-surface flow and elastic structure, an efficient fluid-structure coupling method for free surface flow was developed by combining the volume of fluid method with the fast dynamic mesh method based on the structure-pseudo elastomer. The free surface of the fluid was tracked by volume of fluid (VOF) method. The fluid domain was regarded as a pseudo elastomer, then the structure-pseudo elastomer system was constructed. The multiphase fluid force at the fluid-solid interface was used as the excitation to solve the dynamical equations of the system to obtain the structural vibration displacements and the mesh deformations of the flow field. The fluid flow, structural deformation and the dynamic mesh were solved sequentially at each time step to solve the fluid-structure interaction problem. Based on the developed method, the fluid-structure coupling response of elastic baffle under the impact of dam-breaking flow was calculated. The motion behaviors of the free liquid surface of water and elastic baffle were obtained. The results show that the free liquid surface evolution and elastic baffle vibrational displacements are well in agreement with those of the existing algorithm, under the same mesh size, the method can reduce the computational time by 33.3% compared with the existing algorithms, under the impact of water flow, the elastic baffle is bent slightly to the impact side. Then the water rises along the left side of the baffle and forms a jet, and the baffle is bent greatly to another side. Finally, the amplitude of the baffle gradually decreases due to the damping of the fluid on both sides.

In order to study the effect of polymer microsphere profile control and flooding on produced fluid and deepen the understanding of the profile control and flooding mechanism of polymer microsphere, the produced fluid in typical blocks of major reservoirs such as ultra-low permeablity, super-low permeablity and low permeablity in Changqing oil field were analyzed and studied. After using gravity separation and centrifugal separation methods to obtain crude oil and produced water, the changes in the composition of crude oil group, K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, $\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}$ ions, and water content in the produced water before and after profile control were analyzed, and the variation patterns were summarized. The results show that after injecting polymer microspheres into each typical block, the saturated alkane content in the crude oil decreases, the non-hydrocarbon content increases, the water content significantly decreases, and the salinity of the produced water increases. Through the above research, it has been further clarified that polymer microspheres mainly play a “blocking” role in reservoirs, and residual oil is utilized by expanding the swept volume of injected water, providing a theoretical basis for the production increase of Changqing Oilfield through profile control and flooding.

In order to clarify the depositional environment of the Upper Permian Wutonggou Formation, the Dalongkou section at the southern margin of the Junggar Basin was taken as an example, and the following understanding was obtained by analyzing the lithology, lithofacies types, lithofacies assemblages, and spatial spreading laws of anatomical section sands. Three types of eight gravel, sand, and mudstone phases capable of characterizing diagenetic sands in the Wutonggou Formation were summarized. Based on the lithofacies, four lithofacies assemblage types were further established, representing the point bar, the cross-bank breakout fan, and the fluvial sands, respectively. Through the analysis of the lithofacies combination of the section, the sedimentary subfacies of point bar, crevasse splay, and floodplain in the period of Wutonggou Formation can be further identified, and the sedimentary response model of meandering river with the change of lake level was established. The sedimentary facies and sand body distribution of underground reservoirs were clarified by the results of outcrop research.

The shale of Middle-Upper Permian in the Lower Yangtze area is an important source rock in the region, but the research on the elemental characteristics of different sedimentary facies is still lacking in the past. Continuous X-ray fluorescence(XRF) element scanning was performed on the shale core of the Middle-Upper Permian in Well Gangdi 1 in the Lower Yangtze Region. The contents of main elements such as Si, Al, Ca, Fe and trace elements such as Sr, Rb, Ti and their ratios in the middle and upper Permian strata were analyzed, and the evolution characteristics of sedimentary environment were discussed in combination with the quantitative analysis of mineral composition of samples. The results show that the elements such as Al, Ti, Si and Rb, which have strong indicative significance for terrestrial deposition, have a high-high-low variation in the vertical direction. The Ca, Sr and other elements indicating marine deposits are mainly concentrated in the upper Dalong Formation, and the content of other layers is low, and there are abnormal values in some areas. The ratio of element content has a certain rule, among which Rb/Sr and Ba/Sr show a low-high-low trend. The maximum value of Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) ratio is 0.8, the minimum value is 0.4, and the average value is 0.71, which is generally greater than 0.6, indicating an important source of biogenesis. The Middle-Upper Permian belongs to the transitional-marine reduction environment. From bottom to top, the sedimentary environment changes from deep-water basin facies to deep-water shelf facies to sea-land transition facies to shallow-water shelf facies. During this period, the water body changes from deep-shallow-deep. Among them, the early stage of the Gufeng Formation is the deep-water basin phase, and then gradually enters the deep-water shelf phase. The Longtan Formation is dominated by the sea-land transition phase, and the relative sea level changes frequently during the sedimentary period. In the deep-water period, the lithology is dominated by self-deposited limestone, and the corresponding element Ca content is high. In the shallow water period, it is mainly light gray mud shale deposition, and the corresponding main elements change to Si and Al. After the short-term subsidence of the sea level in the Dalong Formation, the water body gradually deepened, dominated by continental shelf deposition.

The Guocheng-Yazi area in the northeastern margin of the Jiaolai Basin is located in the southern section of the Muping-Rushan gold metallogenic belt. It is an important gold metallogenic area in the Jiaodong region. In recent years, medium-sized and large-scale gold deposits such as Pengjiakuang, Tudui-Shawang, Xijingkou, Liaoshang, Xilaokou, and Qianchuiliu have been successively explored. The cumulative amount of gold resources explored exceeds 180 t. Based on the field work of geological mapping, ore-bearing structure investigation, controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric sounding (CSAMT) and drilling engineering, the distribution of ore bodies, geophysical characteristics, ore-controlling structure and metallogenic regularity were analyzd. The western extension position of the Pengjiakuang detachment fault was preliminarily clarified. Extending westward from the Xijingkou to the Liaoshang to the Guocheng fault, which is the ore-controlling structure of Pengjiakuang, Xijingkou, Xilaokou, Qianchuiliu, Liaoshang and other gold deposits. The Queshan metamorphic core complex and its detachment faults are the main ore-controlling structures and favorable ore-forming spaces for gold mineralization in this area, and are important prospecting targets in future exploration and prospecting work. The mineralization depth of the gold deposit concentration area in this area is mainly 5.01~7.93 km, and the gold deposit has just been eroded as a whole. The deep and peripheral areas have good prospecting potential.

Affected by the continuous rainfall in the rainy season, the Taihe Town moraine soil paleolandslide is a giant soil-rock complex paleolandslide with a volume of about 1 200×10⁴ m³, which began to be resurrected in 2021 and entered the creep stage. By 2022, the growth rate began to decline in the rainy season, which seriously threatened the normal mining inside the pit. Based on field investigation, drilling exposure, field monitoring, and physical and mechanical tests, the influencing factors and resurrection mechanism of ancient landslides were explored on the basis of identifying the micro-topography, geological structure characteristics and deformation instability stages of ancient landslides. The results show that the accumulation of rock and soil and topography are the basis of ancient landslide resurrection, and rainfall infiltration and mining excavation are the inducing factors of landslide resurrection. The analysis shows that under the influence of long-term rainfall leaching, fine particulate matter accumulates at the base-cover interface to form a sliding zone, and mining excavation causes an effective free face at the leading edge. Under the long-term influence of groundwater, the strength of the sliding zone soil is gradually reduced. Rainfall leads to increased seepage and reduced shear strength, which induces the revival of ancient landslides. The research results have certain reference value for similar engineering problems.

To explore the effects of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(CMRI) on the assessment of left ventricular function and myocardial changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Thirty-one patients with OSAHS who were admitted to Handan Central Hospital from November 2019 to June 2021 were selected as the observation group, and 30 healthy volunteers who received CMRI monitoring during the same period were selected as the control group.Two sets of parameters related to left ventricular function were compared, including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end diastolic/end systolic volume (LVEDV/LVESV), left ventricular myocardial activity imaging indexes[T1pre value(measurement of T1 relaxation time before enhancement) before mean injection of contrast agent in left ventricular myocardium, 15 min T1post value(T1 value of myocardial tissue measured by T1 mapping technique after using contrast agent in CMRI) and T2 value(transverse relaxation time of myocardial tissue)]after injection,and histological parameter characteristics of different myocardial layers[mean extracellular matrix volume fraction (ECV) of left ventricular myocardium].The left ventricular function parameters (LVEF, LVED) in the observation group are significantly lower than those in the control group, while LVESV and T2 values are significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). There is no significant difference in T1pre, T1post, ECV in basal segment, middle segment and apical segment between the observation group and the control group (P>0.05).CMRI has a significant clinical effect in patients with OSAHS and can effectively assess the left ventricular function, structure and early myocardial lesions.

Due to the unique challenges of deep underground mining environments, such as frequent geological disasters like roof fall, rock bursts, and water inrush, there is a high demand for enhanced safety and stability in mines. The use of downward roadway backfilling methods has shown significant effectiveness in controlling ground pressure activities and rock layer movement. In light of this, the Chambishi Copper Mine in Africa was selected as a case study. Initially, a digital structural plane identification system was employed to conduct a detailed analysis of the ore body structural planes. The findings indicate that the development of structural planes in deep ore bodies significantly impacts the safe extraction of minerals. The high density and narrow spacing of these planes increase the fragmentation of the rock mass, elevating the risk of roof fall and instability in mining areas. Additionally, numerical simulations were performed to study the mechanical behavior and deformation characteristics of the deep zones of the Chambeshi Copper Mine. By optimizing the structure and strength of the bearing layers, the stability of the mining area can be effectively controlled. The simulation results demonstrate that well-structured bearing layers are capable of withstanding the pressure from overlying rock strata, ensuring higher stability in the mining areas. These research outcomes provide effective strategies for the safe extraction of minerals in deep mines, particularly in high-risk geological environments. Adaptable mining methods and safety measures were proposed, which were of significant importance for enhancing the safety and efficiency of deep mining operations.

The clustering of discontinuity orientation is crucial for revealing the distribution and characteristics of various types of discontinuities. Conventional clustering methods based on discontinuity pole density maps often rely on geological experience and lack objectivity. Therefore, the mean shift clustering algorithm was introduced to study the clustering of discontinuity orientation. Initially, discontinuity orientations with different degrees of dispersion were manually generated. Subsequently, these orientation data were converted into coordinates in 3-D space, and the sinusoidal value γ of the unit normal vector was employed as the similarity measure. The mean shift algorithm was then used to perform clustering analysis on the measured data set. Compared with the conventional pole density map method and the K-means clustering algorithm, the validity test index and clustering error recognition rate were close to those of the K-means clustering algorithm. Finally, taking the Chongqing Sangong rock slope as an example, the rationality and effectiveness of the new method were verified by field data. The results show that the performance of the proposed method surpasses that of the conventional discontinuity pole density map and K-means clustering algorithm. The clustering results are objective and reasonable, and the clustering effect for near-horizontal discontinuities is also satisfactory.

In order to efficiently develop the ultra-deep thin interbedded carbonate gas field, the development well of Lei-4 gas reservoir in western Sichuan gas field adopted a three-spud casing program. The first spud section was drilled into the Penglaizhen Formation to the third member of Xujiahe Formation. Due to the large variation of soft and hard sand mudstone, and the existence of mud shale or sand mudstone is easy to be hydrated and denudated, there will be falling block, collapse and other problems. The second spud section was drilled into the formation from the 3rd of Xujiahe Formation to Maantang Formation. The formation shale and coal seam are interbedded frequently, the uncased hole section is long and high pressure fractured gas layer, these factors are prone to risk of wellbore instability, well loss and even blowout. The third spud section was drilled into the fourth member of Leikoupo formation. Due to the alternations of limestone and dolomite, the stress difference between layers is large, and the formation is broken, it is easy to cause local instability of borehole wall, and even collapse, stuck drilling and other downhole complications. In the face of challenges, through theoretical research, laboratory experiments and field application optimization, potassium-based polysulfonic drilling fluid technology was used in the first section, the compound salt strongly inhibited polysulfonic anti-collapsing drilling fluid technology was used in the second spud section, strong plugging white oil base drilling fluid technology was used in the third section, have been formed to solve the technical problems faced by drilling fluids. The successful application of more than 10 wells has achieved remarkable results in speed and efficiency improvement..Among them, well PZ5-1D has a drilling depth of 8 208 m and a drilling cycle of 252.79 days.