Under the requirements of high-quality development and regional coordination, the construction of the “Belt and Road” Initiative in southwest China not only needs to consider the radiation capacity of the policy center city, but also needs to focus on its impact on the surrounding areas. Based on the panel data of 13 central cities of the “Belt and Road” in Southwest China from 2014 to 2021, using the economic radiation model under Fourier’s law, the economic radiation capacity of the central city was measured based on the growth pole theory, center-periphery theory and industrial gradient theory. Based on this, considering the moderating effect of industrial isomorphism and the stage characteristics of the radiation effect, the high-dimensional fixed-effect model and threshold regression model were used to empirically analyze the economic radiation effect of the central city, and further verify it through the “U” test. The results show that the “siphon” and “feedback” effects of the economic radiation of the central cities of the “Belt and Road” in Southwest China exist at the same time and show phased characteristics with different economic radiation intensities, but the long-term performance is “feedback” effect, which is strengthened by industrial isomorphism, indicating that the implementation of the “Belt and Road” policy has a significant role in promoting the development of Southwest China.

In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of land and resources mapping, a rapid land and resources image mosaic method based on UAV remote sensing information was proposed. Firstly, by estimating the height and angle of aerial photography, the land and resources mapping images with high accuracy were obtained. Then, the corresponding feature detection algorithm combined with BRIEF (binary robust independent elementary features)algorithm was used to describe the feature rotation invariance. Next, KNN (K-nearest neighbor) algorithm was used to match feature points to achieve precise extraction. Finally, the SPHP (shape-preserving half-projective warps for image stitching)algorithm was used for image fusion, and the image mosaic is completed. The experimental results show that the designed land and resources image rapid splicing method can realize accurate mapping of land and resources, ensure the mapping efficiency, and has certain application value.

The research results and trends of China’s recreational behavior in the CNKI(Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure) database from 1994 to 2024 were analyzed by using CiteSpace. The results demonstrate that the number of articles published has undergone three distinct phases: the “budding period,” the “rapid growth period,” and the “fluctuating growth period.” The research results are grouped into three primary categories: recreational behavior and its influencing factors, utilization of recreational resources and protection and development, and the behavior of open space. The key topics in this field are recreational behavior, the elderly, open space, and urban parks. The research hotspots in this field are open space, leisure behavior, the elderly, open space, and urban parks. The research trends in this field are pocket parks, optimization strategies, landscape gardening, and parks and green spaces. In the future, it is suggested to deepen the theoretical system, improve the application of new technology and methods, and explore new perspectives of research.

Based on the perspective of green innovation, the impact of management equity incentive on green innovation of listed companies in heavily polluting industries in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from 2006 to 2022 was empirically tested. The research shows that the management stock incentive plan promotes the green innovation of heavy polluting enterprises, and the conclusion is still reliable after using instrumental variables to mitigate the endogeneity and other robustness tests. Mechanism analysis shows that management equity incentive can promote green innovation output by easing financing constraints and increasing R&D investment. Heterogeneity analysis shows that there is no significant difference between the property rights nature and incentive model, and the effect of equity incentive is more significant when the enterprise is in the growth stage and the decline stage.

The standards and processes of third-party testing and consulting services was optimized by summarizing and analyzing the shortcomings,the measures that need be improved and on-site feedback and other comprehensive elements that exist during the work period. The work standards was further optimize and implemented, benchmark was conducted to find deficiencies and make up for them. Finally, based on the optimized and improved work standards, constructive rectification suggestions and standard requirements are proposed from inspection ideas to results display, while providing feedback on issues, violation clauses are listed. This innovative mode can not only effectively help rectify the hidden dangers on the project site, but also achieve the effect of point-to-point technical disclosure, thus reflecting the professional services and progressiveness management of third-party testing.

The causes and future trends of water level variations in Qinghai Lake against the backdrop of climate warming was discussed. Drawing upon meteorological observation data spanning from 1960 to 2023, the impacts of climate warming on key factors within the Qinghai Lake basin was analyzed, including evaporation, runoff, precipitation, and maximum soil frost depth. Employing Bigaussian nonlinear fitting, the water level trends of Qinghai Lake from 2025 to 2035 is predicted. Key findings reveal that as climate warming intensifies, the soil evaporation near Qinghai Lake has increased significantly, and it is the most significantly affected by climate warming (with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.860). Meanwhile, both runoff and precipitation have shown a slow upward trend, while the maximum soil freezing depth has declined. For now, the volume of water consumed by evaporation is less than the total volume of water injected into Qinghai Lake by runoff, precipitation, and permafrost melting. Consequently, this has led to a continuous rise in the water level of Qinghai Lake. Through Bigaussian nonlinear fitting, it is predicted that the water level of Qinghai Lake will continue to rise slowly from 2025 to 2035, reaching 3 198.133 meters by 2035. This research provides a scientific basis for ensuring the safe operation of trains on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway’s section surrounding the lake.

In the construction of underground line reconstruction, pavement deformation has characteristics such as uncertainty and complexity. Therefore, the grey model was used to establish a prediction model for pavement deformation, and engineering examples were combined to verify its good accuracy. Given that the grey model can only predict the overall trend in deformation prediction and cannot reflect the volatility of prediction errors, prediction errors were processed to determine the upper and lower limit values of grey prediction, endowing the model with a certain prediction interval and changing the point prediction form. According to the intersection position of the deformation control line and the upper and lower limit curves of grey, the safety state of pavement deformation was divided to more reasonably judge the construction safety and provide reference for related projects.

With the rapid construction and development of comprehensive transportation hubs, the air-rail intermodal transportation model has brought more convenience to passengers’ travel. Accurately understanding the air-rail intermodal passenger flow is crucial for improving the overall transportation service quality and ensuring transportation safety. A two-stage model combining particle swarm optimization-random forest model (PSO-RF) and Logit model is used to predict the passenger flow of travel paths in the context of air-rail intermodal transportation between urban agglomerations. Take one-way “Shifting from Railways to Aviation” as an example. In the first stage, the average daily civil aviation passenger flow of travel routes was predicted based on historical data by PSO-RF model. In the second stage, a behavioral survey was conducted through the airport outbound passengers to analyze the characteristics of passengers’ transfer mode and choice behavior. Then, a Binary Logit model of passenger travel choices was constructed based on the disaggregate theory, and the high-speed rail transfer sharing rate was calculated. Finally, the results of the two-stage model were combined to calculate the travel route passenger flow forecasts. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method by constructing a case study from Shanghai to Chengdu neighboring urban agglomeration were validated. The results indicate that the accuracy of the two-stage model reaches 80.40%.

As China enters the middle stage of industrialization and modernization, both energy consumption and carbon emissions are growing, posing an increasingly serious challenge to sustainable development. The industrial sector is a major source of carbon emissions, and its structural optimization is crucial for reducing carbon emission intensity. Based on a sample of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2021, a dynamic panel threshold regression model was applied to treat provincial cooperation as a threshold value, and the mechanism of industrial structure optimization on carbon emission intensity was explored from two dimensions: rationalization and advancement of industrial structure. The results show that the rationalization and upgrading of the industrial structure have a significant negative impact on carbon emission intensity. However, the rationalization of industrial structure has a significant three-threshold effect on carbon emission intensity, and this negative effect shows a “V” type change trend on the whole. The upgrading of industrial structure has a single threshold effect on carbon emission intensity. The upgrading of the industrial structure will significantly promote the reduction of carbon emission intensity only when the provincial cooperation index is at least 2.013. The government should actively establish a cross-provincial cooperation mechanism to foster the coordinated development of inter-provincial industries and facilitate the extensive sharing of clean energy technologies, thereby promoting the transformation of the economy towards a green and low-carbon future.

Due to the excessive mining and the lack of perfect and suitable mine restoration measures, some villages in Xintai area have coal goaf and karst collapse area. Through field investigation and public opinion survey, GIS(geographic information system)technology and Origin comprehensive three types of eight evaluation factors were used to evaluate the mine geological environment. With the engineering rock group stratigraphic lithology as the base map for the evaluation of the geological environment of Xintai major coal mining and hollowing township geological environment grade mapping, the results show that the mine environment in Xintai area is average. According to the evaluation results, targeted restoration and ecological management can be carried out in Xintai area according to the township as a unit. After using GIS and Origin and synergy matrixcalculation methods to evaluate the mine environment of each township in Xintai area, it is found that the mine geological environment quality of Wennan Town is relatively the worst, and the evaluation grade is poor, while the results of other township grades are average. Mine ecological restoration and land ecological utilization are important environmental protection measures, and it is recommended to restore the mine environment, organize land and carry out urban planning through vegetation restoration and greening, soil improvement and conservation, rational use of water resources, protection of biodiversity, land reuse and comprehensive development, and structural gradient restoration.The research method can be applied to the geological environment assessment of other mines.