Based on the rainfall duration, intensity and rainfall data of Xiejiagou small watershed from 2014 to 2018, the basic rainfall standard for erosive rainfall in the study area was obtained through the 80% frequency analysis method and statistical methods, and the characteristics of erosive rainfall within a year and between years were analyzed. The research results show that erosive rainfall has an inter-annual fluctuation characteristic, and June is the key month for the prevention of erosive rainfall in the study area. In the erosive rainfall events of heavy rain and heavy rain, high-intensity rainfall(I₃₀≥30 mm/h)is the main driving force for soil erosion. The research results can provide reference basis for protecting ecological environment, predicting and controlling soil and water loss in small watersheds.

The migration trajectory of agricultural surface source pollution in watersheds and the factors influencing it are of great theoretical and practical significance. Further study of these factors would be beneficial in the prevention and control of surface source pollution in watersheds. An analysis of panel data on agricultural surface source pollution loads within the Yuanjiang River Basin in Hunan Province from 2013 to 2022 was analyzed to investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of this phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the total nitrogen and total phosphorus pollutant loads in the Yuanjiang River Basin of Hunan Province from 2013 to 2022 exhibit a general decreasing trend, with a spatial pattern of “more in the east and less in the west”. Additionally, the intensity of pollutant loads demonstrates a decreasing trend, with a spatial decrease from a northeast-southwest line to both sides. The intensity of pollution loads is also observed to be decreasing, exhibiting a pattern of decline from the northeast to the southwest. Additionally, the migration trajectory of the center of gravity of the pollution loads is identified to be generally V-shaped, with an eastward migration.

It is of great practical significance to promote the in-depth implementation of innovation-driven development strategy and promote the high-quality development of manufacturing industry in Shandong Province by constructing the scientific and technological innovation system of manufacturing industry and deepening the collaborative innovation of industry, university and research. The entropy method was used to evaluate the efficiency of the scientific and technological innovation system of manufacturing industry in Shandong Province. By comparing with Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, the current situation and challenges of the scientific and technological innovation system of manufacturing industry in Shandong Province were analyzed from three aspects, such as scientific research, technological innovation and industrial innovation. In order to promote the coordinated development of scientific and technological innovation of manufacturing industry in Shandong Province and build a new pattern of high-quality development, a deep collaborative development strategy is put forward and its feasibility is analyzed.

Given the uniqueness of world heritage resources, an increasing number have been developed into tourism resources to attract tourists from various regions. Based on theories related to tourism spatial structure, such as the tourism location theory, the central place theory, and the growth pole theory, a study on the tourism spatial structure of the world cultural heritage sites in Quanzhou was conducted. Through kernel density analysis, it is concluded that the world cultural heritage sites in Licheng District and Fengze District of Quanzhou present a dense distribution in a planar form, while those in Jinjiang City and Shishi City show a dense point distribution, and in other counties and cities, they are dispersed in a point pattern. Issues exist such as an imbalanced overall spatial distribution of the heritage sites, insufficient exploitation of tourism resource advantages, inadequate exploration of heritage value and integration of resources, and a relatively low influence of the tourism brand. For this reason, a tourism spatial pattern of “one belt-three zones-six cores” is constructed in the approach of tourism spatial structure. According to this pattern, strategies such as optimizing the spatial layout, perfecting the design of tourism routes, deepening the integration of culture and tourism, strengthening the combination of virtual and real elements, and enhancing regional cooperation are proposed to enhance the cultural value and tourism brand effect of the world cultural heritage sites in Quanzhou and promote the flourishing development of tourism.

In the context of the global active response to climate change, the implementation of carbon peak, carbon neutral strategy and the active development of green and low-carbon economy have become the key issue of global sustainable development. By constructing double difference model, taking 30 provinces(due to the lack of data, the statistical data mentioned here do not include the Tibet Autonomous Region, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province)in China from 2005 to 2021as a research object of empirical analysis, it is found that China carbon emissions trading pilot policy can curb the carbon emissions of pilot areas by mainly promoting upgrading of industrial structure and enhancing the level of technological innovation, but due to the pilot provinces and cities area and pollution degree, effect heterogeneity, including the most obvious effect in Hubei province, suggestions are put forward based on the corresponding policy.

Senior executives of listed companies are generally engaged in earnings management activities, and the adverse effect of real earnings management on the long-term development of enterprises is particularly significant compared to accrual earnings management. Based on the data of A-share listed companies from 2018 to 2022, the effect of internal control on real earnings management and its mechanism of action is investigated by setting up structural equation modeling. The results show that high-quality internal control can suppress managers’ real earnings management behavior, and corporate social responsibility serves as a mediating factor in the mechanism of internal control influencing real earnings management. In other words, internal control can suppress real earnings management behavior by proactively engaging in corporate social responsibility.

Data security is critical for the healthy development of industrial internet platforms. To scientifically quantify the data security level of these platforms, resilience theory was introduced. Based on the understanding of resilience in the field of system security, the concept of data security resilience for industrial internet platforms was proposed, which included four dimensions, such as risk anticipation, defense, resistance and recovery. Building on this, a data security evaluation index system for industrial internet platforms from a resilience perspective was developed using text mining and semantic network analysis. The G1 method was applied to determine the independent weights of resilience indicators, while the DEMATEL method was used to quantify the interrelationships among these indicators, resulting in hybrid weights. Furthermore, a cloud model-based evaluation model for data security resilience of industrial internet platforms is proposed. This model is applied to assess the data security resilience of the YQ industrial internet platform, with the results aligning with actual conditions, thus validating the scientific and rational basis of the hybrid-weighted and cloud model-based evaluation method. Finally, recommendations are made for the future development of data security resilience in industrial internet platforms, providing theoretical support for enhancing data security resilience moving forward.

As an economic engine and strategic choice in the new era, the low-altitude economy has great strategic significance and broad market prospects. At present, the development of low-altitude economy is boosted by new quality productivity, the industrial chain foundation is relatively stable, and various provinces and cities are accelerating the formulation and improvement of relevant policies and regulations. However, in the process of developing the low-altitude economy, there are still problems such as the relatively slow speed of infrastructure construction, the research and development capacity of key technologies to be strengthened, and the industry support capacity to be improved. Therefore, in view of the current problems, the focus is on the comparison of the policies and plans of various provinces and cities, in order to better promote the development of the low-altitude economy, it is necessary to further play the role of the market, focus on key industries and fields, strengthen infrastructure construction, enhance the supporting role of scientific and technological innovation in the low-altitude economy, accelerate the industrialization and commercialization process of the low-altitude economy, and carry out multi-scenario “low-altitude economy +” mode and other strategies to fully release the value of the low-altitude economy.

Smart marketing in tourism accompanied by people’s emotional trigger points provides strategies for tourism marketing, and the role and mechanism of the influence of emotional trigger points and the integration of wisdom marketing on the perception of tourism brand authenticity are worth exploring. Cultural identity gives tourists a sense of belonging and motivates to explore the authenticity of tourism. From the perspective of cultural identity, the brainstorming method was used to select experimental stimuli, design scales and launch offline scenario experiments, and the recovered valid data were analyzed. The study explores the influence mechanism of cultural identity, emotional trigger points, smart marketing, experience value and brand authenticity perception. The results of the study show that tourists’ cultural identity, experiential value, and smart marketing all significantly and positively affect tourists’ perception of brand authenticity. The emotion triggered by smart marketing significantly and positively affects tourists’ experience; and consumers’ cultural identity is positively correlated with smart marketing. It is suggested that tourism destinations should focus on the cultural needs of tourists, highlight the special cultural connotations, and build a “wisdom + culture” model with the help of wisdom technology innovation to enhance the perception of tourism brand authenticity.

The Upper Yellow River City Cluster is the highest form of urban spatial organization in Northwest China, and it is the region with the closest exchange of materials, information and people among the cities in the upper Yellow River. In this paper, the gravity model was optimized and improved in terms of two dimensions, such as the assessment of the comprehensive strength of cities as well as the absolute and relative linkage strength, and the improved gravity model was used to evaluate the characteristics of urban spatial linkages of 10 cities in the Upper Yellow River City Cluster from 2018 to 2021, and to analyze their spatial patterns and evolution. The results show that large cities in the Upper Yellow River City Cluster show more radiation effects, while small cities are more attracted by external cities. With the passage of time, the strength of the connection between cities has been strengthened, gradually forming a spatial pattern of transition from “single nucleus” to “multiple nuclei”, with the spatial layout showing one center, three circles, three nuclei in the shape of V, and the Yellow River becoming an axis and cities being in the same belt, and the spatial pattern of the cities can be classified as follows Three groups, such as Lanzhou City Group, Yinchuan City Group, Xining City Group. There is a big difference in the development of each cluster, and it is urgent to find the development path to realize the differentiated development.