An evolutionary game model was constructed based on evolutionary game theory and complex network theory to analyze the two-stage diffusion mechanism of industrial general purpose technologies (GPTs): secondary development among enterprise groups and complementary product purchases among consumer groups. The model incorporated the heterogeneity and complex network topology of diffusion groups and included three elements: game subjects, evolution rules, and network structures. The diffusion paths on the supply side and demand side were depicted, and the optimal government incentive strategies in the two diffusion stages were explored. The results show that the incentive effect of government subsidies on the diffusion of industrial GPTs follows an inverted U-shaped trend. Both excessive and insufficient subsidies reduce resource allocation efficiency. Peripheral enterprises are more concerned than core enterprises with the technical maturity after secondary development and the intensity of government subsidies. Consumer diffusion follows price-based mechanisms. Lowering the price of complementary products and improving their technical maturity significantly promote market penetration. In addition, the stability of GPT diffusion is significantly influenced by the network structure of diffusion groups. Reducing innovation costs or product prices helps enhance the stability of industrial GPT diffusion. These findings reveal the multi-agent coordination mechanism and the boundary effect of policy incentives in the diffusion of industrial GPTs and provide theoretical support for optimizing policy tools and improving diffusion efficiency.

Based on 1147 facility vegetable farmers in Hebei Province, an analytical framework was constructed to examine the effects of labor constraints and their dimensions on vegetable production. The results showed that labor constraints were key obstacles faced by farmers, and insufficient supply, high costs, and supervision difficulties all reduced vegetable output quality. The degree of impact varied across farm scales, with medium-scale farmers being most sensitive to labor constraints due to limited resources, insufficient flexibility, and high adjustment rigidity. Further analysis indicated that the adoption of labor-saving technologies effectively alleviated the negative effects of labor constraints on vegetable output, with large-scale farmers showing a more significant moderating effect in technology adoption. Empirical evidence was provided for the challenges faced by medium-scale farmers in facility vegetable production, highlighting the need to address structural issues in rural labor allocation and to formulate differentiated management strategies to meet diverse demands for agricultural labor in the process of facility agriculture modernization.

Executives and employees are both important human capital of enterprises, which are also crucial to the transformation and upgrading of enterprises. However, the existing research has ignored the important role of employees. Especially under the wave of digital transformation, it is necessary to examine the impact of employee motivation on the digital transformation of enterprises. Based on the panel data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2014 to 2022, the impact of the employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) on enterprises' digital transformation was explored. The results show that the ESOP can significantly promote the digital transformation of enterprises. Mechanism analysis shows that the ESOP can promote enterprises' digital transformation by improving the level of digital human capital, the efficiency of technical output and the abundance of redundant resources. Further analysis shows that the impact of the ESOP on enterprise digital transformation is more significant in growing and mature enterprises, enterprises with higher quality of internal control and stronger attention from external investors. It reveals the important role of employees as human capital, which provides enlightenment for high-quality promotion of digital transformation.

To analyze the impact of digital service trade imports on export product quality, a multinational panel dataset was constructed using the UNCTAD database, CEPII-BACI trade database, and World Bank database covering the period from 2005 to 2020. A two-way fixed effects model was employed to investigate the effect of global digital service trade imports on export product quality. It is indicated that digital service trade imports promote the upgrading of export product quality. These findings remain robust and significant after robustness tests. Robustness tests included replacing core explanatory variables, excluding samples from exceptional years, employing alternative empirical regression methods, and winsorizing data. Endogeneity issues, such as sample selection bias and omitted variable bias, were also addressed, with results remaining significant. Mechanism tests reveal that export product quality is enhanced by digital service trade imports through the boosting of national innovation capability and industrialization level. Heterogeneity analysis shows a more pronounced positive effect of digital service trade imports on export product quality upgrading in specific contexts. These contexts include countries with low net product taxes, countries experiencing improved trade conditions, countries with a high depth of credit information index, developing countries, and countries with a high transport service index. Policy recommendations are proposed to amplify this upgrading effect. Recommendations include strengthening innovation capacity in digital technology, vigorously cultivating new types of digital talent, enhancing infrastructure construction for digital service trade, improving the industrialization level of digital trade, and establishing a sound and efficient digital service trade system.

The China-ASEAN model is one of the most successful and dynamic regional cooperation models in the Asia-Pacific region. Analyzing the impact mechanism of China-ASEAN financial cooperation on trade partnerships is crucial for promoting the international flow of resources and contributing to fostering a new development paradigm. Applying text analysis and machine learning techniques to develop a financial cooperation index explores the impact of China-ASEAN financial cooperation on trade partnerships from 2008 to 2023. The results show that China-ASEAN financial cooperation significantly strengthens trade partnerships, yielding positive effects under both market-led and government-led frameworks. The positive impact is more pronounced in ASEAN countries with faster economic growth, deeper marketization, and stronger cultural affinity with China. China-ASEAN financial cooperation promotes trade partnerships through the "environment" channel and the "resource" channel. The "environment" channel reduces currency fluctuations and lowers the uncertainty of financial risks. The "resource" channel boosts direct investment and provides financial resources. Global geopolitical risks exhibit a U-shaped moderating effect on China-ASEAN financial cooperation and trade partnership. It provides a valuable reference for better leveraging the role of finance, which can enhance the resilience of China-ASEAN foreign trade and promote the high-quality development of trade partnership.

A quasi-natural experiment was designed based on the Innovative Industrial Cluster Construction Project launched by the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2011, using panel data of Chinese cities from 2009 to 2020 and the progressive difference-in-differences model and the spatial difference-in-differences model, how the policy of "promoting construction by clustering" in national high-tech zones affects the high quality development level of their local urban agglomerations was empirically analyzed. The research shows that the innovative industrial cluster policy launched by the National high-tech zones can significantly promote the high-quality development of urban agglomerations, which is still valid after a series of robustness tests. In addition, the study after the differentiation of policy levels proves that the incentive effect of the pilot construction policy of innovative industrial clusters on the high-quality development of urban agglomerations is significantly stronger than that of the pilot cultivation policy of innovative industrial clusters. The results of the mechanism test confirm that the policy of "promoting construction by clusters" is used for the high-quality development of urban clusters through the innovation effect of central cities and the technology complementary effect of "center-periphery" cities. The empirical analysis can provide theoretical and practical basis for the institutional construction of national high-tech zones and the reform of industrial policy system.

Promoting banks' digital transformation strategies is a key focus point for enhancing the economic resilience of cities in the era of digital economy. Based on this, how banks' digital transformation affects the economic resilience of cities was explored. The results show that the banks' digital transformation has a significant effect on the economic resilience of cities, which is mainly realized through the channels of inhibiting economic development from reality to virtuality, stimulating urban economic vitality and boosting urban consumption. Heterogeneity analysis shows that business digitization and management digitization have a more obvious effect on the economic resilience of cities, and the positive impact of banks' digital transformation on the economic resilience of cities in areas with stronger overall urban strength, looser financial regulation, and less volatility in macrofinancial leverage is even greater. It reveals the internal logic of banks' digital transformation role in the economic resilience of cities, which provides useful insights for financial support for the smooth operation of the economic system and enhancement of the economic resilience of cities.

Heavy-polluting enterprises are a vital component of China's industrial system, and their low-carbon transition serves as a critical pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. The pilot zones for green finance reform and innovation (PZGFRI) in five provinces and eight cities from 2017 were employed as an exogenous shock, and the data from A-share listed enterprises during the period from 2012 to 2021 were utilized. A difference-in-differences-in-differences model (DDD) was constructed to systematically evaluate the policy's impact on the carbon emissions of heavy-polluting enterprises and its transmission mechanisms. The results reveal that PZGFRI significantly reduces carbon emission among these enterprises. This effect is found to initially strengthen and subsequently weaken post-implementation. Mechanism tests indicate that the policy functions through three channels: fund support, technological innovation, and environmental awareness. At the regional level, the expansion of green credit scale and the further development of green insurance are promoted in the pilot areas. At the enterprise level, the policy is shown to guide improvements in both the quantity and quality of green innovation. It is also found to enhance the environmental protection awareness of senior executives. Heterogeneity analysis indicates more pronounced policy effects in state-owned enterprises, highly financialized firms, and enterprises with superior capital allocation efficiency. This further demonstrates that PZGFRI effectively supports carbon reduction through corporate utilization of financial instruments and rational capital allocation. It provides micro-level evidence for optimizing green finance policy portfolios and establishing differentiated regional promotion mechanisms.

New quality productive forces is a concrete manifestation of advanced productivity, which is driven by technological innovation, and improving the level of intellectual property protection is an important way to ensure the development of new quality productive forces in enterprises. Using the intellectual property demonstration cities gradually established nationwide in 2012 as a quasi natural experiment, the impact of strengthening intellectual property protection on the new quality productive forces of listed companies was evaluated. Research has found that intellectual property demonstration city policies can significantly promote the development of new quality productive forces in enterprises, and this conclusion still holds true after multiple robustness tests. The establishment of intellectual property demonstration cities can optimize regional digital ecology, promote digital transformation of enterprises, and have a positive impact on the development of new quality productive forces of enterprises. The establishment of intellectual property demonstration cities has spillover effects on surrounding cities with high levels of intellectual property protection, but has a siphon effect on surrounding cities with low levels of intellectual property protection. The promotion effect of the construction of intellectual property demonstration cities on the development of new quality productive forces in technology intensive enterprises, growth stage enterprises, non-state-owned enterprises, manufacturing enterprises, and enterprises with rapid technological changes is more significant. The research conclusion reveals the laws and mechanisms of how the construction of intellectual property demonstration cities can improve the new quality productive forces of enterprises, which can provide certain references and policy inspirations for the formulation and implementation of policies related to intellectual property protection and the improvement of new quality productive forces of enterprises.

Data elements, as an important new quality productive forces in the digital economy era, the revenue distribution mechanism is the key to promoting the healthy development of the data element market. Current work on cross-domain and multi-source data revenue distribution mechanism is still in its initial stage and lacks mature solutions. Based on cooperative game theory, the non-exclusivity of data elements, data quality, data integration, and other factors were incorporated as incentive mechanisms into the Shapley value method. On this basis, the connection relationship between members was combined to propose an improved Myerson value method as the solution of cooperative game to solve the cross-domain and multi-source data revenue distribution problem. The results show that the network structure has a significant impact on the value creation, marginal contribution and revenue distribution of data resources. The incentive mechanism can effectively adjust the revenue distribution between members and finally form a fairer and more reasonable revenue distribution pattern. New ideas and methods are provided for the cross-domain and multi-source data revenue distribution mechanism, which have important theoretical value and practical significance for constructing a perfect data element market trading system, realizing the value release of data elements and promoting the high-quality development of the digital economy.