The benthic macroinvertebrate is the important ecological group in river ecosystem. The study of the community composition and distribution characteristics on the benthic macroinvertebrate can provide theoretical support for river ecosystem management. In June (summer) and November (autumn) 2018, surveys on the benthic macroinvertebrate with trawl and ground cages were carried out in 16 fixed sampling sites in the inland rivers of Chongming Island. The community composition, distribution characteristics and corresponding influencing factors of the benthic macroinvertebrates were analyzed then. A total of 14 species belonging to 5 orders, 8 families of the benthic macroinvertebrates were collected in the surveys. Most of them were arthropods. Among them, 10 species were freshwater type, 3 species were estuarine brackish water type and 1 species was catadromous migration type. And 12, 6 and 11 benthic macroinvertebrate species were recorded in the Beiheng Canal, Nanheng Canal, and the vertical canals respectively. The dominants of the benthic macroinvertebrates were freshwater species, and the common species were Macrobrachium nipponense, and Exopalaemon modestus. The number of species, abundance and biomass of the benthic macroinvertebrates in the Beiheng Canal and the vertical canals were higher than those in the Nanheng Canal. The number of species, abundance and biomass of the benthic macroinvertebrates in the summer were higher than those in the autumn. Seasonal variations were one of the important features of the characteristics of the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the inland rivers of Chongming Island. Add all these together, the inland rivers of Chongming Island had some characteristics of both estuaries and inland rivers, which were related to the geographical location, hydrological conditions, riverine habitats, water quality characteristics and regional human activities of the Chongming Island.

Aegiceras corniculatum is one of the pioneering mangroves. The coupling process involving A. corniculatum development and tidal flat geomorphological evolution is one of the core contents of mangrove bio-morphodynamic and ecological restoration research. Based on high-resolution remote sensing images between 2005−2019, monthly sediment and A. corniculatum population samples from October 2019 to October 2020, the variation characteristics of A. corniculatum distributed over the tidal flat of the Nanliu River Estuary were analyzed. Meanwhile, the coupling mechanism between the morphological changes of tidal flat erosion/accretion and the population expansion of A. corniculatum was discerned. The main results can be shown as follows: (1) it is found that the main grown area of A. corniculatum is the outer sides of the levees of Nanliu River Estuary. The distribution of the adult, youth and embryos of A. corniculatum presented bandy features along the high tidal flat, middle tidal flat and the area near mean sea level, respectively. Furtherly, tidal flat elevation of 0.07 m above the mean sea level is the growth limit of annual seedling. (2) A. corniculatum of the Nanliu River Estuarine flat expanded rapidly from northwest to southeast, which is in coincidence with development tendency of tidal flat. Tidal flat height is elevated with possibility for mangrove habitation, which should be necessary for A. corniculatum promoted seaward progradation. (3) A. corniculatum that induced wave attenuation can mitigate hydrodynamics forcing with benefit to tidal flat sedimentation, which can furtherly have tidal flat accreted seaward. Moreover, the low tidal flat can be elevated into the middle-high tidal flat by silting, which provides growth and development conditions for A. corniculatum.

Marine biotechnology refers to the applied science and technology for large-scale production marine bioproducts and provision of services for industry and community based on sustainable utilization and management of marine bioresources. The 1st International Marine Biotechnology Conference was held in Tokyo, Japan in 1989. Over the last 30 years, the global marine biotechnology had progressed rapidly in promoting the sustainable and healthy development of marine aquaculture, the development of novel marine bioproducts, the conservation of marine environment and bioresources, and the construction of “harmonic ocean” etc. It served not only the upgrade of traditional marine bioindustry of fisheries and aquaculture, but also the growth of many newly emerging industries such as marine pharmaceuticals, marine biomaterials and marine functional foods. The theme of 12th International Marine Biotechnology Conference held in Shizuoka, Japan on 9−13 September 2019, with “the next generation of marine biotechnology” as the theme. The conference served to strengthen the platform for the global exchange of new advances in marine biotechnology and the effective development of cooperations for government, academy and industry. This conference had promoted heavily on the roles of young scientists and entrepreneurs for the advances in marine biotechnology. This review, based on new advances reflected in the conference, proposes notable key directions in marine biotechnology for China over the next 5−10 years, and suggests the priorities of training young talents especially those integrated with entrepreneurs’ skills and to developing the leading strategic position in fostering new industries.

Phycobilisomes are photosynthetic light-harvesting antenna complexes unique to red algae and cyanobacteria. Allophycocyanin (APC) is the main component of the core structure of phycobilisomes. In this experiment, recombinant allophycocyanin (rAPC) was used as the material, and the structure conformation and energy transfer process of rAPC were studied through steady-state spectroscopy, circular dichroic spectroscopy, and ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy. The results show that rAPC can maintain the same spectral characteristics and active conformation as natural APC under the test conditions; after rAPC monomers are assembled into trimer, the results confirmed that α84PCB and β84PCB can form an exciton pigment pair which can improve the energy transfer efficiency of the rAPC trimer through exciton splitting; ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy results show that the energy transfer time from 620 nm to 650 nm is 300−600 fs, and there is also a 19 fs exciton state electronic decoherence process. These results provide a data basis for revealing the efficient energy transfer mechanism of phycobilisomes.

Ten strains of bacteria were isolated from the gut of Mytilus coruscus to study its role in the settlement of larvae and plantigrade by forming biofilms. Results showed that the inducing ability of the biofilms formed by ten bacteria were different, although all of them could induce the settlement of larvae and plantigrade. In larvae, Bacillus sp.4 showed high inducing activity, while Phaeobacter sp.1 had low inducing activity. In plantigrades, Phaeobacter sp.1 showed high inducing activity, while Bacillus sp.4 showed low inducing activity. The polysaccharides and proteins from biofilms formed by Bacillus sp.4 and Phaeobacter sp.1 impacted larval settlement and metamorphosis, and the cell density, thickness and extracellular lipids of biofilm showed no effect on inducing activity of larval settlement and metamorphosis. For plantigrades, biofilm’s bacterial density, thickness and extracellular α-polysaccharide could induce plantigrades to the settlement, and the extracellular lipids and proteins of biofilms did not affect the settlement. This study is helpful for improving the healthy ecological culture of M. coruscus and to understand the settlement mechanism of M. coruscus.

Chilean jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) is one of the important economic fisheries in the Southeast Pacific Ocean. The stock abundance is inherently affected by recruitment. To find out the status of recruitment is of great significance to the sustainable yield and scientific management of resources. The recruitment of Chilean jack mackerel between 1971 and 2017 is divided into different regimes based on regime test. Then, the Bayesian model averaging is applied to the relationship between recruitment and five environmental factors (sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, sea surface height, El Niño and Pacific decadal oscillation), and the impact of regime change in recruitment forecast is also discussed. The results show that the first regime (1971−1980) is more disturbed by fishing; in the second regime (1981−1990), El Niño has the highest probability of explaining for the change of recruitment; the environmental factor with the highest explanatory probability is Pacific Decadal Oscillation in the third regime (1991−2001); in the fourth regime (2002−2015), El Niño most likely explains the change in recruitment; comparing the analysis of regime shift and no regime shift models, there is a significant difference between the two. However, the results, with different regimes, are more reasonable to explain the change of recruitment. Recruitment abundance is affected by multiple environmental factors, but in different regimes, the dominant environmental factor changes. The regime shifts of recruitment are induced by the alternation of cold and warm periods of interdecadal Pacific decadal oscillation, and El Niño. It is suggested that different regime shift and their impact factors should be considered in the future assessment and management of Chilean jack mackerel resources.

In order to study the growth, death, transport and distribution of early life history of winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, parameterized early biological processes, such as growth and death. Used the physical model (FVCOM-Global) to simulate and generate three-dimensional physical field of the North Pacific Ocean (10°−60°N, 120°E−110°W), and adopted the Lagrangian particle tracking method to couple the physical model and the biological model (individual-based model), and constructed an individual-based ecological model of early life history of winter-spring cohort of O. bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, and used this model to numerically simulate the transport distribution of winter-spring cohort from 1997 to 2010. The simulation results showed that within a certain temperature range, the closer to the optimum water temperature, the faster the growth rate of winter-spring cohort. When the age was 38 days, the mantle length could reach 11.76 millimeters, and then gradually changed from exponential growth to linear growth. The simulative recruitment had interannual fluctuation from 1997 to 2010. Considering the different number of winter-spring cohort parents, the years with the most and the least actual recruitment were 1999 and 2009, respectively. In the simulation stage, the winter-spring cohort was mainly located in the spawning ground, transported to the west in the south of 25°N, and gradually transported to the north and northeast in the north of 25°N, especially affected by the strong current in the later period of transport. In the vertical direction, the larvae within 100 meters water depth accounted for nearly half. This study can lay a foundation for further study of ecological dynamics of winter-spring cohort of O. bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.

A high resolution numerical model based on a proven FVCOM with a Lagrangian particle tracking module was introduced to simulate water particle movement under differences controlling conditions, including the tide, wind, boundary circulation flow, temperature, salinity, wave coupling etc. Combined with simulate results and the actual drift bottles movement paths, factors influencing Ulva prolifera were discussed. The results showed that the migration path of U. prolifera firstly migrated northward along the coast of northern Jiangsu to the sea area near the abandoned Huanghe River Estuary and then continued its migration to the sea area south of Shandong Peninsula. The external forces that affecting the migration of U. prolifera is mainly wind. It is an order of magnitude higher than anything else and followed by temperature-salinity, wave, tidal, circulation, the tidal current can cause the cyclic movement of U. prolifera in the local area, and it has no influence on Enteromorpha for drifting to the north more distant. During the simulation period, the surface temperature, salinity of drifting sea area were between 18−24℃, 28−31, respectively. These temperature and salinity conditions are close to the most suitable growth conditions of U. prolifera, indicating that U. prolifera would fast reproduce during its drifting.

Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) play an important role in the marine micro-food web and the marine carbon cycle. The distribution patterns and influencing factors of TEP in the coast of eastern Fujian in summer are investigated in this research. The results show that the contents of TEP (calculated with xanthan gum as the standard substance, the same below) in the coast of eastern Fujian ranged from 25.2 μg/L to 935.5 μg/L, with an average value of (201.8±177.9) μg/L. The level of TEP is high in the near-shore and low in the far-shore, which in surface layer is lower than that in bottom layer. Correlation analysis shows that TEP in the research area are positively correlated with turbidity, silicate, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate and ammonium concentration, negatively correlated with pH, DO concentration and Net-level phytoplankton. The results of chlorophyll a fractions show that Net-level phytoplankton in the area may contribute more to TEP than other size phytoplankton. Comparing with phytoplankton as the main controlling factor of TEP in the open ocean, TEP in the coast of eastern Fujian in summer are mainly produced by phytoplankton in the decline stage, and its distribution is mainly affected by the resuspension of particles. The results can not only further clarify the differences between the influencing factors of TEP in the coastal waters and the open ocean, but also supplement the gaps in the study of TEP distribution in different regions of coastal waters in China.

The Zhujiang River Mouth Basin is a petroleum-bearing basin with a high degree of exploration in the northern continental margin of the South China Sea, the analysis of fault characteristics is crucial to its basin evolution model and hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism. According to the high-resolution seismic data and drilling data, the fine seismic geological interpretation of the Kaiping Sag in the southwest of the basin is carried out. Based on the fault grade and scale, the fault structure type is divided into the first-level basin-controlled fault, the second-level sag-controlled fault and the third-level control fault based on the level and scale of faults belt fracture and four-level control ring fracture, identify “Y” shaped faults, stepped faults, and heart-shaped faults combination styles on the seismic section, identify three plane combinations of parallel, goose, and oblique based on the fault plane distribution Types of quantitative statistics of the fault strike characteristics show that under the action of the right-handed stress field, from the Eocene to the Early Miocene, the strike direction continued to rotate clockwise in the direction of NE→EW→NW, and the fracture activity gradually weakened. It is also believed that due to the impact of the Indian-Eurasian plate collision, the subduction and retreat of the Pacific plate and the continuous southward movement of the ancient South China Sea, the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin formes a typical extensional tensile stress field environment. It contributes to the development of three groups of faults in the near NE direction, the EW direction and the near-NW direction during the Eocene-Oligocene period. It provides an explanation and supplement to the geological structural characteristics of Kaiping Sag, and provides a reference for the development characteristics and genetic mechanism of the ocean-continent transition zone on the northern margin of the South China Sea.