Ozonation is an effective advanced treatment technology for textile dyeing and finishing wastewater； however， its large-scale application is primarily constrained by its intrinsically low ozone mass transfer efficiency. Membrane contactor reactors （MCRs） can significantly enhance ozone mass transfer by constructing microscale gas-liquid interfaces， offering advantages such as high mass transfer efficiency and the absence of secondary pollution. Nevertheless， issues including membrane fouling， high material costs， and poor operational stability still limit their engineering-scale implementation. This study systematically reviewed recent advances in the mechanisms of ozone mass transfer enhancement in MCRs. The principles of gas-liquid interfacial mass transfer and the design characteristics of hollow fiber membrane contactor configurations were introduced. The regulatory effects of membrane material properties （e.g.， the selection of hydrophobic PTFE/PVDF）， operating parameters （gas-liquid flow rates， transmembrane pressure， and pH）， and mass transfer models on the volumetric ozone mass transfer coefficient were critically analyzed. Furthermore， the application efficiency of MCRs in textile dyeing and finishing wastewater treatment was evaluated， with particular emphasis on efficient dye removal， organic matter mineralization， and decolorization. Research demonstrated that optimized MCR systems could increase the volumetric ozone mass transfer coefficient by 5~10 times compared with conventional bubble column processes， thereby substantially enhancing the kinetics of pollutant degradation. However， challenges such as membrane fouling-induced flux decline， bromate by-product formation， and cost-benefit optimization remained to be addressed. Finally， future research directions were proposed， focusing on the rational design of multifunctional composite membranes integrating antifouling properties， corrosion resistance， and low cost； the elucidation of interfacial reaction mechanisms through coupling with intensified fields such as high-gravity and electrocatalytic processes； the development of intelligent parameter regulation systems based on process modeling； and comprehensive techno-economic and environmental risk assessments at the pilot scale. These efforts will provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the engineering application of MCR-ozone processes.

The widespread use of tetracycline has resulted in elevated antibiotic concentrations in natural water bodies， posing significant threats to aquatic ecosystems and public health. Although iron-manganese modified biochar （IMBC） can effectively remove tetracycline， its powdered form is prone to leaching during application， leading to reduced utilization efficiency and potential system clogging. In this study， foam concrete （FC） was employed as an immobilization matrix to fabricate a novel iron-manganese modified biochar foam concrete （IMBC-FC） composite. The results showed that sufficient hydration reactions occurred during the immobilization process， endowing IMBC-FC with a highly porous structure that effectively avoided the masking of active sites on IMBC. The tetracycline removal efficiency of IMBC-FC reached 87.7%， and the impact of immobilization on the removal performance of IMBC was less than 10%. Removal pathway analysis indicated that oxidative degradation contributed approximately 56.9% to tetracycline removal， and singlet oxygen （¹O₂） was identified as the dominant reactive oxygen species （ROS） in the system. Functional groups such as hydroxyl （—OH） and carboxyl （—COO⁻） generated during hydration likely participated in both ROS generation and electron transfer， thus synergistically facilitating the degradation process. Furthermore， a comprehensive evaluation of the engineering application performance of IMBC-FC was carried out in accordance with relevant standards for water treatment filter media and constructed wetland substrates. The results demonstrated that IMBC-FC exhibits excellent advantages in porosity， mechanical strength， and tetracycline removal efficiency， indicating its promising engineering application prospects. This study is expected to provide a reliable technical pathway and theoretical support for the efficient immobilization of metal-modified biochar.

Nitrogenous pollutant discharges are rising with urbanization and industrialization， and their untreated release worsens aquatic nitrogen pollution. Currently， nitrogen removal from municipal and industrial wastewater is transitioning from an energy-intensive model to strategies emphasizing pollution reduction， carbon mitigation， and synergistic efficiency. Green and sustainable nitrogen removal technologies represent a key research frontier in water pollution control. This review systematically examined nitrogen pollution in China's wastewater， characterized nitrogen-laden industrial effluents， and highlighted challenges such as wide concentration ranges， complex compositions， and treatment recalcitrance. Based on this analysis， this paper comprehensively reviewed the principles and applications of advanced nitrogen removal technologies， including physicochemical， biological， electrochemical/bioelectrochemical， and advanced oxidation processes. Their treatment efficiency， advantages， and limitations were analyzed， with special emphasis on the application of advanced oxidation processes for refractory nitrogenous pollutants. Future efforts should prioritize adopting low-energy， low-chemical-consumption biological nitrogen removal processes， integrate electrochemical and advanced oxidation processes with conventional methods， enhance overall treatment efficiency， and reduce costs. These advancements are pivotal for achieving China's Dual Carbon Goals and advancing sustainable development.

This study reconceptualized partial nitrification from a microbial ecological perspective by elucidating the dynamic competition between AOB and NOB across the initiation， maintenance， and destabilization phases. Continuous selection pressure was proposed as the core determinant of process stability within a community-process coupled framework. The review indicates that the initiation depends on non-steady-state disturbances that amplify AOB growth advantages， whereas the maintenance phase is characterized by a metastable state with dynamic community structure but relatively stable function， where NOB persist at low abundance or under spatial constraint. When cumulative disturbances weaken AOB competitiveness， NOB can rapidly rebound， inducing a critical shift from partial to complete nitrification. Accordingly， operational strategies centered on resource supply， niche constraint， and community feedback are outlined， emphasizing window-period management to enhance system resilience. The alignment of time-resolved community data with key operational parameters is further discussed as a basis for identifying instability thresholds and early-warning signals to support predictive control and risk management in partial nitrification processes.

Denitrification is a critical process for advanced nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment， fundamentally governed by microbially driven electron transfer and electron allocation. As research has shifted from macroscopic treatment metrics toward microscopic regulation， elucidating denitrification mechanisms from an electron-flow perspective has emerged as a major research frontier. This review systematically summarized the theoretical framework of electron flow in denitrification systems， compared intracellular electron transport pathways and energy allocation characteristics between heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrifiers， and highlighted the central role of the quinone pool in electron collection and redistribution. Furthermore， from the perspective of interspecies microbial interactions， recent advances in indirect interspecies electron transfer （IIET） and direct interspecies electron transfer （DIET） were summarized， and competitive as well as cooperative interactions among microorganisms in mixed systems during electron donor and electron acceptor utilization were analyzed. Building on this framework， the impacts of carbon source characteristics， pH， oxidation-reduction potential （ORP）， and coexisting contaminants on electron transport chains and electron allocation pathways were further discussed. Finally， in light of current limitations in the in situ quantification of electron fluxes， future research directions were proposed， including the development of multi-scale in situ characterization techniques， novel electron-conductive materials， and intelligent electron-flow regulation models.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances （PFASs） are frequently detected at elevated concentrations in water bodies of the lower Yangtze River， posing risks to drinking water safety and human health. This study investigated the occurrence of 23 typical PFASs in source water， treated water， and tap water from eight drinking water treatment plants （DWTPs） in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The removal efficiency of PFASs by the treatment processes and their priority for control were also assessed. The results revealed the presence of 19 PFASs across the eight DWTPs， with total concentrations ranging from 32.02 to 167.68 ng/L and an average of 85.86 ng/L. Among these， 14 long-chain and 5 short-chain PFASs were identified， contributing 35.7% and 64.3% to the total concentration， respectively， indicating that short-chain PFASs were the predominant pollutants. The major contaminant monomers were perfluorooctanoic acid （PFOA）， perfluorobutanoic acid （PFBA）， perfluorobutanesulfonic acid （PFBS）， and perfluorohexanoic acid （PFHxA）. The overall removal efficiency of PFASs by the drinking water treatment processes was 17.8%， with a removal efficiency of 22.2% for long-chain and 15.1% for short-chain congeners. Notably， concentrations of 14 PFASs increased during distribution from the treatment plant to the tap， resulting in an overall rebound rate of 39.6%. PFBA， PFOA， and PFBS were the primary contributors， accounting for over 92.8% of this concentration increase. Modeling assessment identified PFOA， perfluorononanoic acid （PFNA）， perfluorododecanoic acid （PFDoA）， and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid （PFOS） as priority PFASs requiring enhanced monitoring and control measures.

Under the context of global warming， it is imperative to advance the synergistic efficiency of pollution reduction and carbon mitigation in the wastewater treatment industry. This study is based on the 2023 operational data from three typical municipal wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） in Jiangsu Province employing A²/O and its modified processes. Using the emission factor method， carbon emission accounting and characteristic analysis were conducted. and explored the impact of influent characteristics and operational parameters on the carbon emissions of WWTPs through path analysis. From an indirect control perspective， this study assessed the carbon reduction potential of measures such as photovoltaic power generation and water-source heat pumps. The results indicate that： The total carbon emission intensity of the three typical WWTPs ranged from 0.578 kg/m³ to 0.671 kg/m³， with total carbon emissions between 18890 t and 28150 t. The indirect carbon emissions account for a relatively high proportion （71.7%） of the total carbon emissions in A²/O wastewater treatment plant， with electricity consumption contributing the most （53.3%） to the carbon emissions. The carbon emissions attributed to carbon source dosage accounted for the largest proportion of chemical consumption， reaching 36.9% to 59.5% of the total chemical carbon emissions. The operation of wastewater treatment plants with lower influent concentrations requires higher energy and material consumption， resulting in greater indirect carbon emissions. Furthermore， the influent water quality characteristics and operational parameters of typical A²/O process wastewater treatment plants all have direct or indirect impacts on various types of carbon emission intensities. To effectively control carbon emissions， plants can actively optimize process operational parameter adjustments， implement equipment upgrades and retrofits， adopt intelligent/smart control systems， and implement various carbon-alternative measures. By adopting PV power generation and water-source heat pumps， WWTP2 could theoretically achieve 22.7% and 100.2% carbon displacement rates， respectively， demonstrating significant carbon reduction potential.

The green and low-carbon construction of river regulation projects is an important part of the green transformation of water conservancy projects under the goals of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality". Aiming at the common problems existing in the green and low-carbon construction of traditional river regulation projects， such as excessive qualitative descriptions of strategies， insufficient life cycle assessment （LCA）， excessive process analysis， and inadequate multi-scenario guidance， this paper took the demonstration section of the Jurong River Regulation Project in Nanjing as a case study. Based on identifying the carbon emission characteristics of river regulation projects via LCA， an environment-economic dual-objective model was adopted to conduct scenario analysis for the selection of green and low-carbon construction technologies under different objectives， and corresponding combined strategies of green and low-carbon technical measures were proposed. The results showed that the carbon emission intensity during the construction period of the Jurong River demonstration section（length 8.46 km） was 2705 t CO₂eq/km， among which the raw material production stage accounted for 92.49%， followed by the engineering construction stage （5.75%）， engineering transportation （1.06%）， and engineering preparation （0.70%）. Multi-scenario analysis indicated that the application of measures including low-carbon new energy transportation， fly ash， and recycled concrete could reduce carbon emissions by 4486 t CO₂eq and achieve an optimal economic benefit of RMB 1.0814 million. The combination of fly ash， recycled aggregate concrete， and carbon capture and reduction cement （with a replacement rate of 90.32%） could reduce emissions by 7551 t CO₂eq， realizing a balance between economic and environmental performance. Implementing all carbon reduction measures could achieve a carbon reduction of 9596 t CO₂eq but would require an investment of RMB 1.1337 million. The scenarios of maximum economic benefit and economic-ecological balance present better engineering applicability and can provide a decision-making basis for the green and low-carbon construction of river regulation projects.

Coastal wetland ecosystems are intrinsically linked to regional socioeconomic development. However， the internal response relationship between these two systems remains unclear. This study took Dongtai City as a study case and used systematic field sampling and multi-source data integration. Partial least squares structural equation modeling （PLS-SEM） was employed to analyze the coupled relationships among socioeconomic development， river surface water quality， and sediment carbon and nitrogen characteristics. The results indicated that over the past five years， both the socioeconomic level and urbanization rate of Dongtai City have increased steadily. Water quality exhibited significant seasonal fluctuations， while a marked declining trend in total nitrogen （TN） was observed. Meanwhile， total organic carbon （TOC） and TN contents in coastal wetland sediments showed minor fluctuations. The PLS-SEM analysis revealed that socioeconomic development indirectly regulated TOC and TN contents in coastal wetlands （path coefficient = 0.1， P < 0.05） by influencing the surface water pollution load of rivers （path coefficient = -0.33， P < 0.001）. This study elucidated the internal nexus between macro-socioeconomic drivers and micro-nutrient characteristics in coastal wetlands， providing a scientific foundation for the synergistic advancement of ecological conservation and the marine economy.

Against the backdrop of increasingly severe global sustainability challenges， Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis （BMED） technology is emerging as a pivotal solution driving transformation in the chemical， environmental， and resource management sectors. This technology not only demonstrates remarkable efficiency and economic benefits in critical areas such as resource extraction， pollution control， and CO₂ capture but also exhibits substantial potential for large-scale commercial implementation. This review systematically outlines the working principles and fabrication methods of bipolar membranes， along with their applications across various industrial fields， highlighting their significant capacity to advance greener and more efficient industrial processes. Representative case studies in resource recovery， pollution mitigation， and CO₂ capture are presented to illustrate the promising industrial prospects of BMED and validate its practical value in enabling sustainable resource utilization and environmental protection.