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Against the backdrop of increasingly severe global sustainability challenges， Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis （BMED） technology is emerging as a pivotal solution driving transformation in the chemical， environmental， and resource management sectors. This technology not only demonstrates remarkable efficiency and economic benefits in critical areas such as resource extraction， pollution control， and CO₂ capture but also exhibits substantial potential for large-scale commercial implementation. This review systematically outlines the working principles and fabrication methods of bipolar membranes， along with their applications across various industrial fields， highlighting their significant capacity to advance greener and more efficient industrial processes. Representative case studies in resource recovery， pollution mitigation， and CO₂ capture are presented to illustrate the promising industrial prospects of BMED and validate its practical value in enabling sustainable resource utilization and environmental protection.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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