Additive friction stir deposition （AFSD） is a technology with several advantages for aerospace manufacturing. It is particularly valuable because it can deposit materials at low temperatures while retaining high quality and efficiency. This article introduces the operations of AFSD in detail and investigates its effect on three types of precipitation-reinforced aluminum alloys. Key challenges hindering the production of high-strength aluminum alloy components through AFSD are highlighted. AFSD utilizes solid-phase deposition to avoid problems like porosity and thermal cracking that can occur with other types of deposition， such as laser and arc depositions. However， the slow cooling of the deposited metal and the long residence time in the sensitive temperature range can cause issues. Subsequent layers exert a thermal effect on the previous layers during the AFSD process. This can lead to coarsening of the precipitates in the middle and lower regions， resulting in decreased strength in these areas. The top layer remains unaffected， but has poorer mechanical properties compared to the base material. To improve performance， aging treatment can be used to cause reprecipitation of some elements dissolved during AFSD， but it does not reach the values achieved by solid solution and aging （T6） treatment. T6 treatment after AFSD can renew uniformly distributed fine-strengthening precipitates， but it triggers abnormal grain growth （AGG） in the deposited material. Therefore， it is generally not recommended to subject solution treatment to metals deposited with AFSD. Further research should focus on alloy design， composite reinforcement and innovative techniques， which are essential to obtain high-strength precipitation-reinforced aluminum alloy components through AFSD.

The interfacial structure of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer （CFRP） is crucial to the performance of composites， which represents a fundamental aspect of composite materials science research. The research on carbon fiber surface treatment is an important part of the research on composite material interfaces. By changing the physicochemical structure of the carbon fiber surface， better interface properties can be imparted to the composites. In this paper， an anodic oxidation surface treatment method based on acidic medium is adopted. Dilute sulfuric acid solutions of different concentrations are used as electrolytes to construct functional groups on the carbon fiber surface at different current densities. The results show that the carbonyl functional group （C\stackrel{}{̿}O） plays an important role in the interface properties of CFRP. In anodic oxidation treatment， a lower current density is conducive to generating more C\stackrel{}{̿}O on the surface of carbon fiber. There is an optimal value for the influence of sulfuric acid concentration on C\stackrel{}{̿}O. Moreover， adjusting the sulfuric acid concentration can achieve more accurate construction of C\stackrel{}{̿}O on the carbon fiber surface. When the current density is 0.31 mA/cm² and the sulfuric acid concentration is 0.3%（mass fraction）， the C\stackrel{}{̿}O content on the carbon fiber surface reaches the maximum value of 6.49%， and the interfacial shear strength with epoxy resin also reaches the maximum value of 76.9 MPa. Compared with untreated carbon fibers， it is increased by 111.3%， reflecting a strong correlation. This is because the dispersion interaction between C\stackrel{}{̿}O and the groups in epoxy resin enhances the bonding ability between carbon fiber and epoxy resin.

Based on finite element method and cohesion method， a three-dimensional model of SiC/AZ91D composite materials with varying void contents is constructed. The impact of void content on the mechanical behavior of the composite materials is investigated employing the stress concentration factor method， and an in-depth exploration of the failure mechanism is conducted.The findings reveal that the increase in void content will lead to a decrease in the mechanical properties of composite materials. The crack appearance and extension time of cracks are accelerated with an increasing void content. During the elastic deformation phase， the primary load is borne by the matrix， and the fluctuation in void content has a comparatively negligible effect on the stress concentration factor. Upon entering the plastic deformation phase， the load is progressively transferred from the matrix to the SiC particles. With an elevated void content， the load transferred from the matrix to the SiC particles diminishes， causing a deceleration in the growth rate of the stress concentration factor.

In this study，alumina powder is used as the matrix material，and two organic alumina precursors with different room-temperature phases （solid-phase and liquid-phase） are selected as sintering aids，and the solid-state sintering process is adopted. To explore the regulatory effect of the precursors on the sintering temperature of alumina ceramics，controlled experiments are designed with sintering temperature，precursor type，and additive content as key variables. Through physical and chemical property characterization and mechanical performance testing of samples in each group，the sample performance under different process conditions is systematically evaluated. The results show that both solid-phase and liquid-phase organic alumina precursors can significantly reduce the sintering temperature of alumina ceramics，and the optimal additive amounts of the two precursors vary at different sintering temperatures. Within the temperature range of 1200-1400 ℃，the optimal additive amount of both precursors is the same，which is 6%. When the sintering temperature increases to 1500 ℃，the optimal additive amount of the solid-phase precursor decreases to 2%，while that of the liquid-phase precursor increases to 10%. This work provides experimental basis for the optimization of low-temperature sintering process and parameter selection of alumina ceramics，and has reference value for promoting their efficient preparation.

Amoxicillin （AMX） exhibits good chemical stability but low biodegradability. To address the water pollution problem caused by AMX，hollow-structured Fe₃O₄@mesoporous TiO₂（FT） photoelectrocatalytic materials are prepared，and the visible-light photoelectrocatalytic degradation of AMX wastewater is investigated. Characterizations show that FT consists of spherical particles with an average particle size of 400 nm，possessing a typical mesoporous structure，anatase TiO₂ crystal phase，and good magnetic responsiveness （saturation magnetization of 24.90 emu·g^-1）. It can be efficiently separated by an external magnetic field and uniformly redispersed after ultrasonic treatment. Electrochemical test results indicate that the electroactive surface area of ITO+FT reaches 2.39±0.01 cm²，which is significantly larger than that of ITO and ITO+FST. Meanwhile，ITO+FT has lower charge transfer resistance and higher photogenerated electron-hole separation efficiency. Visible-light photoelectrocatalytic degradation experiments of AMX show that the degradation rate of the FT photoelectrode reaches 88.1% within 60 min and increases to 98.3% at 100 min. After 8 cycles，the degradation rate remains above 89%，demonstrating excellent stability. Active species trapping experiments confirm that ·OH and h⁺ are the key active species in the reaction. Combined with the confined catalytic effect of the hollow structure of FT，the photoelectrocatalytic degradation mechanism is proposed. This study demonstrates good feasibility in destroying the molecular structure of AMX，so it can serve as an effective pretreatment method for AMX wastewater and provides a new type of recyclable photoelectrocatalytic material and technical scheme for the efficient pretreatment of AMX wastewater.

Using the conventional solid-state method， high-entropy ceramics with a perovskite structure （Ca_0.25Sr_0.25Ba_0.25Pb_0.25）（Zr _x Ti_1-x ）O₃ are prepared. The effects of configurational entropy and annealing heat treatment on the phase composition， microstructure， and thermal conductivity of the ceramics are investigated. The results show that the combined influence of entropy engineering and heat treatment processes results in an increase in the porosity of the ceramics， the precipitation of the PbO nano-second phases with low thermal conductivity， a reduction in the average grain size， and a significant reduction in the thermal conductivity. The structural disorder introduced by the high-entropy composition effectively enhances the stability of the thermal conductivity and imparts glass-like thermal transport characteristics to the ceramics. When x=0.20， the ceramic exhibits optimal thermal insulation performance and thermal conductivity stability， with κ_{800 ℃}=0.89 W·m^-1·K^-1 and Δκ_{100-800 ℃}=0.07 W·m^-1·K^-1， providing alternative materials for high-temperature thermal insulation applications.

Hot extrusion is the main process for the production of zirconium alloy tubes， rods and profiles. However， zirconium alloy is easy to adhere to the mold under hot extrusion， and is difficult to lubricate， which greatly affects the machining accuracy and mold life. To solve the lubrication problem of zirconium alloy hot extrusion，low melting point borate glass and two-dimensional layered lubricants （MoS₂， graphite， etc.） are added into the PVA modified silicate coating to obtain good wetting property and high temperature wear resistance. In this study， the high-temperature physical and chemical properties of materials are studied through thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier infrared spectroscopy are used to analyze the functional groups and chemical bonds of PVA-modified binders. For lubricating coatings， cross-cut test is taken to test the adhesion of the coating. X-ray diffractometer is used to test the phase change at high temperature. The lubrication performance is characterized by a high-temperature friction testing machine. After friction， optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy are used to study the surface interface microstructure of the wear track. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy is used to analyze the distribution of elements and phase composition in the wear track. After PVA modification， the contact angle between the lubricant slurry and the surface of the zirconium alloy is reduced from 64° to 43°， which is conducive to the spreading of the lubricant on the surface of the zirconium alloy. Moreover， the microhardness of the lubricating coating increases from 92HV_0.1 to 149HV_0.1， and the dropout rate is reduced from 42.5% to 9.1%. It is indicated that the mechanical properties of the coating are significantly improved. The high temperature oxidation experiment of 700 ℃ is carried out on the lubricating coating. The results show that the PVA-modified silicate lubrication coating still contains a certain amount of MoS₂. In contrast， there is almost no molybdenum disulfide in the lubricating coating that has not been modified with PVA， and even the zirconium alloy substrate is oxidized. This can be attributed to the C—O—Si bonds formed by PVA and silicates forming an inorganic silicon network structure in the coating， which plays a role in isolating air and preventing oxidation. In the friction experiment， the prepared coating can be effectively lubricated at 700 ℃. This is due to the fact that the molten glass powder itself has a certain lubricating ability at high temperature， coupled with the unoxidized two-dimensional layered lubrication materials， MoS₂ and graphite， so as to achieve excellent high-temperature lubrication performance. In this study， the prepared coating demonstrates good high-temperature lubrication performance， thermal protection performance， and ease of removal. It shows promising potential for application in the hot extrusion lubrication of difficult-to-process metals such as zirconium， titanium， and hafnium.

CuS nanoparticles are introduced into a thermoreversible polyurethane based on Diels-Alder （DA） bonds and disulfide bonds，successfully yielding a self-healing polyurethane with five-fold response to thermal，near-infrared light，microwaves，solar light，and UV. When the CuS content is 0.3% （mass fraction），the modified polyurethane achieves optimal comprehensive mechanical properties and self-healing performance. After damage such as cracks or fractures in the modified polyurethane occurs，the material can be restored repeatedly through heat-treated at 120 ℃ for 6 min，irradiated with 4 W/m² of near infrared light at a wavelength of 808 nm for 60 s，or treated under a 250 W microwave for 80 s，and followed by a heat treatment for 12 h at 60 ℃. In addition，the damaged sample can also be repaired multiply after being treated to a simulated solar light or irradiated through UV for 6 h. The results show that the near-infrared light response offers the quickest self-healing speed，shortest repair time and highest repair efficiency. The self-healing behavior is achieved through the cooperation of thermoreversible DA reaction，disulfide bonds exchange，dissociation and regeneration of hydrogen bonds，directional migration of CuS nanoparticles，and thermal movement of molecular chains. These findings have important guidance for the development of multi-responsive self-healing materials with efficient self-healing capability and provide various ideal selections for damage repair under different environments.

To reduce the Curie temperature of iron-nickel soft magnetic alloy materials and improve their temperature applicability in the field of smoke heating， powder metallurgy is used to prepare iron-nickel alloy soft magnetic materials. The alloy powder of different components is pressed by ball grinding mixture and vacuum sintering at 1380 ℃ and 1400 ℃. The influence of Cr addition on the tissue properties of FeNi alloy is analyzed by X-ray diffractometer （XRD），electron probe microanalyzer，soft magnetic DC B-H meter， and PPMS. The results show that the samples produced at a sintering temperature of 1400 ℃ have a uniform and dense organization with better comprehensive magnetic and electrical conductivity. The magnetic performance of soft magnetic materials is closely related to the composition. The addition of Cr improves the density and hardness of FeNi alloys，together increases the resistivity of FeNi alloys，while decreases the magnetic permeability and the Curie temperature significantly.

The Al-C-X（X=Mo，Nb，Ta，V） systems are studied by CALPHAD （calculation of phase diagrams） coupled with first-principles calculations. Two ternary phases，Ta₅Al₃C and Ta₂AlC are identified in the Al-C-Ta system. All of the other three systems exist only one stable ternary phase， Mo₃Al₂C for Al-C-Mo， Nb₂AlC for Al-C-Nb， and V₂AlC for Al-C-V， respectively. The enthalpies of formation of these compounds are obtained by First-principles calculations， and their Gibbs free energies are presented by stoichiometric models. Finally， a series of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters are derived by CALPHAD method. The optimized isothermal sections and thermodynamic properties are in good agreement with experimental and computational results. The Al-C-X （X=Mo，Nb，Ta，V） systems assessed in this work can help to establish a thermodynamic database of hard alloys with precipitation strengthening bonding phases， which will be used to guide the design of new materials with excellent properties.