Chloramphenicol （CAP）， as an antibiotic， is widely used as a veterinary medicine in the aquaculture industry. The misuse of CAP can lead to a range of environmental and human health issues， making it extremely important to establish a rapid and sensitive method for detecting CAP. Electrochemical sensors have been widely studied by researchers due to their advantages of simple operation， rapid response， high sensitivity， and ease of miniaturization， but their performance mainly depends on the sensing material. In this work， cobalt-nickel metal-organic framework （CoNi-MOF） is in situ synthesized on the surface of bacteria. CoNi nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres （CoNi/CN-900） with abundant active sites and a large specific surface area is obtained after carbonization at 900 ℃ by interfacial regulation. The uniform distribution of Ni and Co on CoNi/CN-900 provides more catalytically active sites for the detection of CAP. The CoNi/CN-900-based CAP electrochemical sensor shows a good linear range of 20 nmol/L- 4 μmol/L and 4-38 μmol/L， a detection limit as low as 6.6 nmol/L， and a high sensitivity of 8.75 μA·μmol·L^-1·cm^-2. Compared with the reported same type sensors， it has higher sensitivity and a lower detection limit. In addition， the sensor has good selectivity and high stability， which can keep more than 99.1% of its initial current at room temperature for 35 days.

Cold spraying technology has a number of unique characteristics， most notably the solid-state metal powder deposition. This property confers the technology with significant technical advantages and application potentials in the domains of coating preparation， high-efficiency and high-speed repair， and additive manufacturing. Nevertheless， when applying for high-strength nickel-based superalloy materials， this technology remains confronted with significant technical challenges， including high coating porosity， inadequate strength， and an absence of plasticity. In this paper， the critical deposition conditions and influencing factors of cold-sprayed superalloys are systematically reviewed， focusing on the microstructure characteristics of deposited materials and their correlations with properties （especially tensile properties）， and summarizing the main methods of microstructure and performance optimization， such as post-spray heat treatment， post-spray hot isostatic pressing， laser-assisted cold spraying， and in-situ shot peening-assisted cold spray deposition. In the future， for expanding the engineering applications of cold-sprayed high-temperature alloys， it is necessary to modify the particle deformation conditions and expand the deposition window， to develop the hybrid treatment methods to improve the coating property， as well as lowering the process costs. These measures will provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for its applications in the fields of aerospace.

The improved process combining a polybenzimidazole （PBI） polymer nozzle with axial center powder feeding is employed to study the nozzle clogging behavior and its impact on coating deposition. Multi-scale characterization of the coating morphology and microstructure is carried out using X-ray computed tomography（X-CT）， optical microscopy， and electron backscatter diffraction. The results show that in the existing process， aluminum powder softening causes adhesion to the inner wall of the SiC nozzle， forming clogging materials. This leads to a powder agglomeration on the coating surface and a porosity of 0.32%. In contrast， the PBI nozzle， when used with the axial center feeding process， significantly reduces particle adhesion and forms a uniform gas-solid two-phase flow， enabling continuous and stable deposition. The resulting coating exhibits significant internal particle plastic deformation with the porosity reduced to 0.16%. Based on the optimized process， aluminum metal additive manufacturing experiments are carried out， achieving continuous spraying for 2 h without nozzle clogging and depositing a 38 mm thick coating on an aluminum alloy substrate. X-CT analysis indicates that there are no significant defects at the interface or within the deposit. The in-plane and out-of-plane tensile strengths of the deposit are about 180 MPa and 80 MPa， respectively， indicating significant anisotropy.

To solve the problem of cavitation protection on the surface of aluminum alloy flow-handling components， Ti6Al4V coatings are prepared by in-situ micro-forging assisted cold spraying. Large-size 202 stainless steel particles are mixed into Ti6Al4V powder during the spraying process to promote the plastic deformation of Ti6Al4V powder and form dense coatings. The effects of cold spraying process parameters on the quality of Ti6Al4V coating are investigated using optical microscopy，scanning electron microscopy， microhardness tester， ultrasonic cavitation testing machine， and 3D profilometers， leading to the determination of the optimal process parameters. The results show that the porosity of Ti6Al4V coating decreases with the increase of shot peening particle content. When the shot peening content is 70%（volume fraction）， the Ti6Al4V coating is compact and the porosity is only 0.46%. The microhardness of the coating gradually increases to 394HV_0.3， which is higher than the microhardness of forged Ti6Al4V alloy（370HV_0.3）. The cavitation erosion test results show that the cavitation erosion depth of Ti6Al4V coating is only 4.742 µm after 2 h cavitation erosion， and the cavitation erosion resistance of Ti6Al4V coating is 77 times that of Al substrate （365.199 µm）. The Ti6Al4V coating prepared by in-situ micro-forging cold spray is dense， has high hardness， and exhibits good interparticle bonding， effectively inhibiting the initiation and propagation of cracks during cavitation， which leads to particle detachment. Therefore， it possesses excellent cavitation erosion resistance.

In the connection between aero-engine blades and disk tenon grooves， CuNiIn alloy is frequently applied as an anti-fretting wear coating. To investigate the effects of heat treatment processes on the microstructure and properties of the coating， this study employs the cold spraying technology to prepare CuNiIn coatings on TC4 alloy. The influences of two process parameters（heat treatment temperature and holding time） on the coating’s microstructure， microhardness， bonding strength， and fretting wear perfor-mance are analyzed and compared. The results indicate that after heat treatment， the pores in the coating undergo healing， and the porosity of the coatings decreases from 7.4% in the as-sprayed state to 0.8%（700 ℃），resulting in a more uniform distribution of microhardness. Considering overall performance， the coating exhibits optimal properties after being held at 500 ℃ for 3 h. At this stage， the porosity is 1.1%， the bonding strength reaches 54 MPa， and the coating microhardness remains at 131HV. The wear rate significantly reduces， with the dominant wear mechanism shifting from abrasive wear to adhesive wear.

Cold-sprayed Zn-Al composite coatings can provide good corrosion resistance for magnesium alloys. This experiment employs AZ31B magnesium alloy as the substrate for the deposition of a Zn-Al composite coating.To further improve the performance of cold-sprayed Zn-Al composite coatings， the coatings are subjected to annealing treatment at 200， 250 ℃， and 300 ℃. The microstructure morphology and properties of the cold-sprayed Zn-Al composite coatings before and after heat treatment are analyzed by X-ray diffractometer （XRD），scanning electron microscope （SEM）， microhardness tester， electrochemical workstation，and salt spray corrosion test equipment. The results show that after annealing treatment at different temperatures， the coatings do not undergo oxidation or phase transformation， and the microstructure of the coatings becomes denser and the corrosion resistance improves after annealing treatment. With the increase of annealing temperature， the coatings show the phenomenon of annealing hardening. When the annealing temperature is 250 ℃， the composite coatings are the densest， and the porosity is 0.3998%. Electrochemical and salt spray tests show that the coatings after annealing treatment form a dense corrosion layer， which improves the corrosion resistance of the coatings. When the annealing temperature is 250 ℃， the corrosion resistance of the coatings is the best.

Cobalt-based superalloys are widely used in aerospace，energy power，and nuclear industries due to their excellent resistance to thermal corrosion and fatigue，as well as good weldability. However，high-temperature oxidation leads to performance degradation of the alloys， becoming a key factor limiting their service life. This paper reviews the progress in the study of oxidation behavior of cobalt-based superalloys，focusing on the different stages of oxidation and their mechanisms of the oxidation process. It further explores the effects of alloying elements and temperature on the formation and evolution of oxide scales，and critically analyzes the limitations and challenges of current research. Finally，it points out that future key research directions include the design of novel cobalt-based superalloy compositions and the optimization of synergistic mechanisms， control of oxide scale and phase transformations， as well as conducting oxidation studies under dynamic environments combined with intelligent methods to accelerate materials optimization.

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer （CFRP） has the characteristics of high specific strength/modulus and strong designability， which has been widely used in aerospace and transportation. CFRP is mainly composed of carbon fiber， resin matrix and the interface between them. As a component of CFRP， the interface poses great influence on the properties of the composite. Due to the smooth surface morphology and chemical inertness as well as significant difference in the elastic modulus between the matrix， the interfacial compatibility of CFRP is rather poor. Therefore， searching for suitable interfacial modification methods has become a hot research topic. In this paper， interface modification methods of CFRP， including the conventional approaches and state-of-the-art approach based on multi-scale interface microstructure construction， as summarized. In general， the multi-scale interface microstructure construction method is advantageous over the conventional methods in regard to interface modification effect， which can change the physical and chemical properties of the fiber surface and alleviate the stress concentration caused by the large modulus difference between the fiber and the resin. Outlook is given on the trend of composite interfacial modification method based on multi-scale interfacial phase construction：exploring accurate interface normal characterization methods combined with micro and nano technologies， while developing controllable interface microstructure construction processes， and exploring a set of efficient and low-cost multi-scale interface construction methods， ultimately achieving the practical engineering application of the multi-scale interface microstructure construction method.

The interfacial properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer （CFRP） composites have an important influence on the physicochemical properties of CFRP， which is a research hotspot in the field of composites technology. Mussel-inspired surface modification method based on dopamine chemistry is an emerging class of surface interface modulation means in recent years， and it has also been applied in the field of CFRP interfacial enhancement research， which has a lot of advantages such as simplicity， high efficiency， environmentally friendly， low cost， etc. Especially， the dopamine-assisted co-deposition modification method has great potential for application. This paper focuses on the research progress of dopamine in CFRP modification， which includes a discussion of the classification of dopamine-modified carbon fiber treatments. Finally， it is pointed out that the polymerization deposition mechanism of dopamine-modified carbon fibers still needs systematic in-depth study， and the control factors of polymerization deposition rate and coating morphology and structure need to be further clarified as the focus of future research.

Fiber absorbent has been applied in the field of stealth and electromagnetic compatibility due to its advantages of broadband absorption，light weight，and corrosion resistance. Analyzing the research progress in this field is of great significance for the design of broadband and efficient absorbing materials. This paper discusses the action mechanism，numerical simulation method，factors affecting electrical properties，and preparation technology of fiber absorbents. Both the dielectric loss mechanism based on dielectric constant and the ohmic loss mechanism based on impedance are used to explain the microwave absorption mechanism of this kind of material，which is verified by theory and experiment. Through the full-wave theoretical simulation，the electrical properties of complex structure and high concentration fiber absorbers can be better analyzed. The parameters such as fiber type，content，and length have a great impact on their electrical properties，which are widely used in the preparation process. It is particularly important to select appropriate ultrasonic dispersion parameters and dispersants. In the future，further research can focus on the distribution of current and electric field distribution in fiber absorbers to clarify the interaction and coupling mechanisms between fibers. Under the same conditions （such as fiber content and length），the effects of fiber type and electrical conductivity on electrical performance should be compared，along with the differences between carbon fibers of different specifications. These efforts aim to achieve optimal performance in terms of broadband response，high efficiency，and thickness. This review holds great significance for the design of broadband and high-efficiency microwave-absorbing materials.