To improve the high-temperature performance of GH5188 cobalt-based superalloy， 10%（volume fraction） TiC particle-reinforced GH5188 composites are fabricated by laser melting deposition （LMD）. The microstructure and tensile properties are investigated， and the interfacial forming mechanism and the cause of the high-temperature performance degradation are discussed. The results show that the composite consists of TiC， （W，Ti）C_1-x， and the austenitic γ phase. The submicron-thick （W，Ti）C_1-x interfacial layer forms between the TiC particles and the matrix. The interfacial layer originates from the partial dissolution of TiC and the diffusion and substitution of W elements during the laser melting deposition process. At room temperature， the ultimate tensile strength （UTS） of the composite reaches 1198.9 MPa， which is 24.3% higher than that of the matrix alloy （964.3 MPa）. However， at 1000 ℃， the UTS of the composite is 128.7 MPa， which is lower than the 162.5 MPa of the matrix alloy， with a decrease of 20.8%. The degradation in high-temperature strength is mainly due to the consumption of W elements in the matrix by the （W，Ti）C_1-x interfacial layer， resulting in decrease in its mass fraction and weakening the solid-solution strengthening and dislocation-pinning effects on the matrix.

The 316L/Q370qE stainless steel clad plates with a thickness of （3+32） mm are studied by using X-groove welding process. The effects of welding current on the microstructure and properties of the welded joints of clad plate are analyzed by means of optical microscopy， scanning electron microscopy， transmission electron microscopy， energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that the weld metal microstructure of the stainless steel cladding layer and transition layer is austenite and skeletal δ ferrite. The microstructure of carbon steel weld metal is proeutectoid ferrite， acicular ferrite， and ferrite side-plate. And a fine-grained bainite is formed in the area adjacent to the stainless steel transition layer. As the welding current increases， the content of δ ferrite in the weld metal of stainless steel decreases and its shape becomes more irregular. The microstructure in the local weld metal of the carbon steel coarsens. There is extensive mutual diffusion of elements in the interface between the weld metal of transition layer and carbon steel. At the same time， the microstructure in the heat-affected zone of the stainless steel and carbon steel coarsens. However， the change in the original layered interface of the clad plate is not obvious. The tensile fractures of the welded joints of clad plate with different currents all occur in the heat-affected zone. When the current is 230 A， the tensile properties are the best， and the tensile strength and elongation reach 557 MPa and 23.9%， respectively. The low-temperature impact absorption energy of both the carbon steel weld metal and fusion zone near the stainless steel cladding layer is about 20 J lower than that at the position keeping away from the stainless steel cladding layer. The impact energy difference in the heat-affected zone at the two positions is more significant. The change of welding current in the range of 210-280 A has little influence on the intergranular corrosion performance of stainless steel cladding layer. Therefore， when using 230 A and 30-31 V parameters to weld the stainless steel transition layer and cladding layer， the impact performance difference of the weld metal of carbon steel on both sides of the X-groove is the smallest， and the tensile properties of the welded joint of clad plate are the best.

Impact tests are carried out with cylindrical，conical and spherical punches respectively，and the response characteristics of specimens under different punch impact are discussed. The internal damage of the specimen is detected by ultrasonic C-scan instrument，and the law and process of damage expansion under impact are analyzed. The experimental results show that the shape of the punch is an important factor affecting the damage mode of the specimen. In the impact test，the spherical punch cause the most serious damage to the material，comparing to the columnar punch cause less damage，but the damage range is larger. The impact response of the conical punch to the specimen is similar to that of the spherical punch，and the damage area of the two punch to the specimen is not much different，but the damage of the conical punch to the specimen is light. The weaving angle of the material also obviously affects the impact resistance of the material. The impact resistance of the material increases with the increase of the weaving angle. In terms of damage expansion on the specimen，materials with small weaving angles tend to be damaged along the longitudinal direction. The damage of large woven angle materials tends to spread to all sides. In the impact test，the damage process of the specimen includes the longitudinal tensile failure of the fiber bundle，the transverse tensile failure of the fiber and the matrix，and the transverse compression failure.

Porous polyimide materials （PPI） have interconnected pore structures that can effectively store lubricating oil. However，the presence of these pores will reduce the strength and wear resistance of PPI，resulting in a mutual constraint between its oil content and wear resistance，making it difficult to balance. Therefore，a sandwich type density layered porous polyimide material is prepared using the method of layered cold pressing and constant volume sintering. The outer and inner layers of the material can have different porosities. The outer layer uses a high porosity to increase oil content，while the inner layer uses a low porosity to improve material strength and wear resistance，in order to overcome the problem of difficult balance between oil content and wear resistance. Based on the study of uniform PPI performance with different densities，the pore structure of density layered PPI is designed，and two types of layered PPI are prepared. Their mechanical properties，oil content properties，and friction and wear properties are studied. The results show that compared with uniform PPI，density stratified PPI has a higher oil content （>15%） and excellent oil retention rate （94.06%） due to the synergistic effect of different porosity in the inner and outer layers，and maintains excellent mechanical and tribological properties. The tensile strength and compressive strength of the 1.0-1.1-1.0 layered material are 41.7 MPa and 374 MPa，respectively. Its friction coefficient （0.078） is close to that of a uniform PPI density of 1.1 g/cm³ （0.07），but the oil content of the layered material （15.5%） is much higher than that of the uniform material （11.1%）. This sandwich type density layered PPI can balance oil content and wear resistance，providing a new approach for the design of porous materials.

Environmental barrier coatings （EBCs） are a key protective technology for the ceramic matrix composites （CMCs） hot end components of high-performance aircraft engines， which can significantly improve the service stability and reliability of the components. In this paper， Si/Yb₂Si₂O₇/Yb₂SiO₅ tri-layer structural EBCs are prepared by air plasma spray， and their corrosion behavior and degradation mechanism under 1350 ℃ and cycling water vapor conditions are investigated. The results show that the as-annealed coating is mainly composed of monoclinic Yb₂SiO₅ phase and cubic Yb₂O₃ phase， with nano-sized Yb₂O₃ phase dispersed in Yb₂SiO₅. The surface of Yb₂SiO₅ coating exhibits a ridge-like structure accompanied by a certain number of pores after cyclic water vapor corrosion， and the content of corrosion products Yb₂Si₂O₇ increases with the number of cycles. The formation of Yb₂Si₂O₇ is related to the alternating wet to dry corrosive environment and the gaseous substance Si（OH）₄. Penetrating cracks exist within the Yb₂SiO₅ coating but terminate at the Yb₂SiO₅/Yb₂Si₂O₇ interface， and the SiO₂ film generated from the oxidation of the Si bond coat is well bonded to the Yb₂Si₂O₇ interlayer and the Si bond coat in general. The tri-layer EBCs system in this paper exhibits excellent resistance to cyclic water vapor corrosion at 1350 ℃.

The in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of thin-film materials is intricately linked to high cutoff frequencies. With the growing demand for high-integration electronic components， there is an increasing need for thin-film materials with high in-plane magnetic anisotropy. In this study， FeCoNiMnHf high-entropy soft magnetic thin films with varying Hf concentrations have been fabricated at room temperature using constant-voltage electrodeposition technology. The influence of Hf concentration on the microstructure， soft magnetic properties， and magnetic anisotropy of these high-entropy soft magnetic thin films is thoroughly investigated.The results reveal that as the Hf concentration increases， the grain size of the thin films expands from 240.94 nm to 383.36 nm， and the crystallinity improves from 11.68% to 24.72%. Moreover， the in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy field of the thin films rises from 47.846×10⁴ A/m to 66.2074×10⁴ A/m， and the saturation magnetization increases from 2.763×10⁴ A/m to 10.630×10⁴ A/m. The FeCoNiMnHf thin films exhibit outstanding magnetic properties at room temperature， indicating significant potential for applications in areas related to high cutoff frequencies and magnetic anisotropy.

Converting CO₂ into C1 chemicals such as CO，CH₄，and CH₃OH using solar energy as the driving force is an effective strategy to alleviate the greenhouse effect and energy shortage crisis. However，single-component catalysts face challenges in photocatalytic CO₂ reduction including limited light absorption capacity，easy recombination of photogenerated carriers，and low overall catalytic efficiency. Constructing high-efficiency catalysts to improve photocatalytic CO₂ reduction performance is therefore crucial. In this study，CdS-0.25 with sulfur vacancies and CdS-2 with cadmium vacancies are successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method by adjusting the ratio of cadmium and sulfur precursors. Characterization analysis shows that compared with CdS-2 with cadmium vacancies，CdS-0.25 with sulfur vacancies exhibits stronger solar light absorption capacity and effectively suppresses the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. First-principles calculations demonstrate that sulfur vacancies have better adsorption capacity for CO₂ reactant molecules. The production rates of CO，CH₄，and H₂ from CO₂ reduction over CdS-0.25 are 1.69，0.41，0.11 µmol/（g·h），respectively. These values are 15.8，2，and 1.2 times higher than those of CdS-2. This work provides insights for the design of high-efficiency defective materials for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction.

Hydrogel， a soft material composed of polymers with a three-dimensional network structure， has been widely used in fields such as environmental engineering and biomedicine due to its excellent flexibility， elasticity， high water absorption， biocompatibility， and similarity to biological tissues. Conductive hydrogels also have excellent electrical conductivity compared to traditional hydrogels， which makes them show great potential in emerging fields such as remote health monitoring， human motion detection， electronic skin， human-machine interface and soft robotics. Therefore， in recent years， efforts have been made to develop conductive hydrogels with a variety of properties and explore their applications in various fields. Currently， conductive hydrogels could be classified into electronically conductive hydrogels and ionically conductive hydrogels according to the transmission medium. Usually， conductive hydrogels can be prepared by doping conductive materials into the hydrogel matrix. However， with the continuous deepening of the research on hydrogels， the performance requirements of conductive hydrogels have been increasing， especially the anti-swelling properties of hydrogels. Unwanted swelling in the liquid-phase environment leads to a decrease in the hydrogel’s mechanical properties， electrical conductivity， and is accompanied by a distortion of the sensing signal. Therefore， there is an urgent need to prepare conductive hydrogels with both good electrical conductivity and swelling resistance. In this review， firstly， the preparation methods of different types of conductive hydrogels are discussed. Secondly， several strategies for constructing swelling-resistant conductive hydrogels are discussed， including supramolecular hydrogels， dual-network hydrogels， and so on. Finally， the main application areas of anti-swelling conductive hydrogels are presented.

Highly entangled networks，as a novel design strategy for soft materials，effectively address the contradiction among strength，toughness，and fatigue resistance in traditional crosslinked materials by regulating the topological entanglement structure of molecular chains. This paper systematically reviews five strategies to construct highly entangled networks： high-concentration monomer polymerization，post-crosslinking of highly entangled chains，dual-network synergistic high entanglement of dual networks，macromolecular crosslinking high entanglement，and nanocomposite high entanglement. The molecular design principles，structural characteristics，and performance advantages of each strategy are analysed. In the field of functional applications，this review highlights the innovative applications of highly entangled materials in wear-resistant coatings，durable devices，adhesives，and intelligent actuators，demonstrating the excellent mechanical properties and unique functional characteristics endowed by highly entangled networks. Moreover，the challenges and future directions of highly entangled soft materials are discussed，emphasizing that multi-scale simulation technology，bionic adaptive design，and green manufacturing processes will be important research directions in this field. This review provides systematic theoretical guidance and technical reference for the design and application of functional soft materials with highly entangled networks.

In addressing the inadequate water solubility and bioavailability of baicalin， this study develops a drug carrier that exhibits both antimicrobial and self-healing hydrogel by integrating konjac glucomannan （KGM）-based hydrogel with cyclodextrin encapsulation technology. The successful preparation of baicalin/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes is achieved through the utilisation of a saturated solution stirring-freeze-drying method. Subsequent FTIR and XRD analysis demonstrates the effective inclusion of baicalin within the cyclodextrin cavity. The inclusion complexes are loaded into KGM/sodium tetraborate dynamically crosslinked hydrogels， and the resulting hydrogels exhibit excellent swelling properties with a swelling rate of 630.23%. Mechanical tests demonstrate that the hydrogel has significant self-healing capability， with a tensile strength retention rate of 97.80% after healing. In vitro release experiments demonstrate that the system conforms to First-order release model， the cumulative release rate of baicalin reaches 84.33% at 48 h. Antimicrobial experiments confirm that its inhibition rate against Staphylococcus aureus， Escherichia coli and Candida albicans reaches 99.12%， 98.07% and 98.82%， respectively， and the DPPH radical scavenging rate is as high as 93.54%. This study proposes a viable methodology for the development of innovative antimicrobial materials and drug carriers， addressing the challenges of low solubility and poor stability associated with baicalin.