Latest ArticlesAqueous electrolytes are safe, economic, and environmentally friendly. However, they have a narrow potential window. On the other hand, organic electrolytes exhibit good thermodynamic stability but are inflammable and moisture sensitive. In this study, we prepared water-PEG-lipid ternary electrolytes (TEs). To combine the advantages of water, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and propylene carbonate (PC). The nonflammable mixed electrolytes exhibited a wide potential window of about 2.8 V due to the beneficial effects of PEG and PC. Using these TEs, a lithium manganate–active carbon ion capacitor could be operated at 2.4 V with an energy density of 32 Wh/kg, based on the total active electrode material (current density of 3.3 mA/cm2). This value was significantly higher than that achieved using an aqueous electrolyte, thereby rationalizing the higher energy density.
A novel photoenzyme-coupled artificial catalytic system is fabricated by immobilizing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on the Bi2WO6 hollow nanospheres via a facile electrostatic self-assembly process. The obtained Bi2WO6/HRP sample not only improves the visible light harvest ability but also promotes the high-efficiency separation of charge carriers. More importantly, the photogenerated electrons and produced H2O2 on Bi2WO6 directly take part in redox cycle reactions of HRP to induce photoenzyme synergic catalytic effect. In consequence, the degradation activity of Bi2WO6/HRP is significantly improved relative to Bi2WO6 and HRP for removing bisphenol A (BPA) under the visible light irradiation. This work launches a feasible design strategy for exploiting photoenzyme-coupled artificial catalytic system with special structure to degrade organic pollutants in water efficiently.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative condition and the most prevalent cause of dementia. This disease is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. The prevalence of AD is currently affecting more than 35 million people and is rising worldwide. No efficient therapy is currently available due to low drug potency and a number of various obstacles to delivery. Recent nanotechnological advancements have the potential to offer promising therapeutic options. Progress on nanomaterials as well as their applications in biomedicine is receiving increasing attention, especially the advantages of nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems. The aim of this review is to comprehensively summarize the latest developments in nanomaterial-based strategies for AD treatment, including nanoparticles, liposomes and other options for the delivery of therapeutic compounds and scaffolds for cell delivery strategies. Future research directions are also proposed. We hope this review can provide important information to guide the future development of nanomaterials in AD treatment.
Hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT) is an efficient way for direct C—H functionalization of inert C—H bonds, therefore it has attracted great interests in recent years. So far, various HAT catalysts have been developed. Among them, quinuclidine and its derivatives show different characters toward other HAT catalysts as they tend to abstract electron-rich and hydridic hydrogens in the presence of weak and neutral C—H bonds. These features enable direct C—H functionalization of compounds with various groups which are unable or difficult by other methods. This review summarizes recent advance of photoinduced reactions with quinuclidine and its derivatives as HAT catalysts and exhibits powerful synthetic potential by using quinuclidine and its derivatives as HAT catalysts.
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology is considered to be a promising approach for solar-driven hydrogen production with zero emissions. Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is a kind of photocatalytic material with strong photoactivity in the visible light region and appropriate band gap for PEC water splitting. However, the solar-to-hydrogen efficiency (STH) of BiVO4 is far away from the 10% target needed for practical application due to its poor charge separation ability. Therefore, this review attempts to summarize the strategies for improving the photocurrent density and especially hydrogen production of BiVO4 materials through PEC techniques in the last three years, such as doping nonmetal and metal elements, depositing noble metals, constructing heterojunctions, coupling with carbon and metal-organic framework (MOF) materials to further enhance the PEC performance of BiVO4 photoanode. This review aims to serve as a general guideline to fabricate highly efficient BiVO4-based materials for PEC water splitting.
Methane (CH4) controllable activation is the key process for CH4 upgrading, which is sensitive to the surface oxygen species. The high thermal conductivity and superb thermal stability of the hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) sheet makes a single transition metal atom doped hexagonal boron nitride monolayer (TM-BN) possible to be a promising material for catalyzing methane partial oxidation. The performances of 24 TM-BNs for CH4 activation are systematically investigated during the CH4 oxidation by means of first-principles computation. The calculation results unravel the periodic variation trends for the stability of TM-BN, the adsorption strength and the kind of O2 species, and the resulting CH4 activation performance on TM-BNs. The formed peroxide O22- of which the O—O bond could be broken and O- anions are found to be reactive oxygen species for CH4 activation under the mild conditions. It is found that the redox potential of TM center, including its valence electron number, coordination environment, and the work function of TM-BN, is the underlying reason for the formation of different oxygen species and the resulting activity for CH4 oxidative dehydrogenation.
We have developed a MUC1 antigen-based antitumor vaccine loaded on alum colloid encapsulated inside β-glucan particles (GP-Al). The constructed vaccine induced strong MUC1 antigen specific IgG antibody titers and enhanced CD8+ T cells cytotoxic effect to kill tumor cells. These results indicated that GP-Al can be served as an efficient delivery system and adjuvant for the development of cancer vaccines especially small molecule antigens based cancer vaccines.
Two-dimensional covalent organic framework (COF) has distinctive properties that offer potential opportunities for developing advanced electrode materials. In this work, a core-shell material composed of TAPB-DMTP-COF (TAPB, 1, 3, 5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene; DMTP, 2, 5-dimethoxyterephaldehyde) core and conducting polymer shell, TAPB-DMTP-COF@PANI, was synthesized solvothermally using a polymerization method. The structural characteristics of the prepared composite were revealed by X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrochemical analyses were verified by subsequent monitoring of trace levels of acetaminophen. This resultant composite not only facilitated acetaminophen to interact with absorption sites by π-π stacking effect and hydrogen bonding but also overcame the poor conductivity of COF. Under the optimal conditions, a low limit of detection of 0.032 μmol/L and wide linear range of 0.10-500 μmol/L were obtained. The electrochemical platform was almost unaffected by other interfering substances, and successfully applied for the practical detection of acetaminophen in commercial tablet, human blood serum and urine. The enhanced performance makes this COF based core-shell composite a promising material in electrochemical sensor.
An improved ssDNA library immobilized systematic evolution of ligands by enrichment (SELEX) was applied to select aptamers against carbaryl. After nine selection rounds, a highly enriched ssDNA pool was obtained. The Apta3 was demonstrated as the optimal aptamer. In order to facilitate the modification of aptamer, the Apta3 was further truncated with the dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.364±0.055 μmol/L and a fluorescent aptasensor was developed. The linear range for carbaryl was from 100 nmol/L to 1500 nmol/L, with the limit of detection was as low as 15.23 nmol/L. Besides, the biosensor was validated for the carbaryl spiked real samples, and the recoveries were between 97.7% and 107.3%.
This work reports the investigation of a new triptycene-derived oxacalixarene (TDOC) as the stationary phase for gas chromatography (GC) with high-resolution performance for a wide range of analytes and isomers. The TDOC scaffold is composed of triptycene and 1, 8-naphthyridine moieties, inherently differing from the conventional calixarenes in structures and properties. As a result, the TDOC column exhibited outstanding column efficiency of 5679 plates/m by n-dodecane at 120 ℃. It showed advantageous performance for separations of the mixtures with various analytes and achieved high resolution of diverse isomers (skeletal, positional and cis-/trans-isomers) from apolar to polar nature. Moreover, the TDOC column exhibited high thermal stability up to 310 ℃. To date, the TDOC-based materials have not been reported in chromatography. This work demonstrates the good potential of the triptycene-derived heterocalixarenes as a new class of stationary phases for chromatographic analyses.
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