Latest ArticlesAn efficient and practical methods for the synthesis of carbamoyl quinoline-2, 4-diones via the reaction of ortho-cyanoarylacrylamides with oxamic acids was described. This cyclic reaction could be performed efficiently under metal free conditions. Various products with functional groups could be obtained with moderate to high yields via radical mechanism.
Herein, a rapid alkenylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones enabled by a combination of Mannich-type reaction and solar photocatalysis is demonstrated. A wide range of functional groups are compatible, affording the corresponding products in moderate-to-good yields. Control experiments illustrate that the in situ generated 1O2 plays a central role in this reaction. This green and efficient strategy provides a practical solution for the synthesis of potentially bioactive compounds that containing a 3, 4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one structure.
Metal-organic framework nanosheets (MONs) as the emerging materials have been attracting great interest because the nanosheets possess a range of fascinating attributes including high surface areas and sufficient accessible active sites, and their nanoscale thicknesses are favorable for mass diffusion and transfer of substrates and products with respect to bulk metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). This review first summarizes the synthetic methods of various MONs from top-down and bottom-up methods as well as their diverse composites with different components. Then, the catalytic applications of MON based nanocatalysts are discussed and the relationships among the composition, structure and catalytic performances are revealed. Finally, the challenges and future outlook about the synthesis of diverse MONs and their composites for heterogeneous catalysis are prospected.
A facile hydrothermal method was applied to gain stably and highly efficient CuO-CeO2 (denoted as Cu1Ce2) catalyst for toluene oxidation. The changes of surface and inter properties on Cu1Ce2 were investigated comparing with pure CeO2 and pure CuO. The formation of Cu-Ce interface promotes the electron transfer between Cu and Ce through Cu2+ + Ce3+ ↔ Cu+ + Ce4+ and leads to high redox properties and mobility of oxygen species. Thus, the Cu1Ce2 catalyst makes up the shortcoming of CeO2 and CuO and achieved high catalytic performance with T50 = 234 ℃ and T99 = 250 ℃ (the temperature at which 50% and 90% C7H8 conversion is obtained, respectively) for toluene oxidation. Different reaction steps and intermediates for toluene oxidation over Cu1Ce2, CeO2 and CuO were detected by in situ DRIFTS, the fast benzyl species conversion and preferential transformation of benzoates into carbonates through C=C breaking over Cu1Ce2 should accelerate the reaction.
Single-cell imaging, a powerful analytical method to study single-cell behavior, such as gene expression and protein profiling, provides an essential basis for modern medical diagnosis. The coding and localization function of microfluidic chips has been developed and applied in living single-cell imaging in recent years. Simultaneously, chip-based living single-cell imaging is also limited by complicated trapping steps, low cell utilization, and difficult high-resolution imaging. To solve these problems, an ultra-thin temperature-controllable microwell array chip (UTCMA chip) was designed to develop a living single-cell workstation in this study for continuous on-chip culture and real-time high-resolution imaging of living single cells. The chip-based on ultra-thin ITO glass is highly matched with an inverted microscope (or confocal microscope) with a high magnification objective (100 × oil lens), and the temperature of the chip can be controlled by combining it with a home-made temperature control device. High-throughput single-cell patterning is realized in one step when the microwell array on the chip uses hydrophilic glass as the substrate and hydrophobic SU-8 photoresist as the wall. The cell utilization rate, single-cell capture rate, and microwell occupancy rate are all close to 100% in the microwell array. This method will be useful in rare single-cell research, extending its application in the biological and medical-related fields, such as early diagnosis of disease, personalized therapy, and research-based on single-cell analysis.
Air batteries are promising energy storage technologies that have gained continuous attraction due to their high energy densities. At present, investigations on anodes of air batteries are usually focused on various metals such as Li, Zn, Al. In contrast, the semiconductor anodes like Si and Ge are less investigated. Si-air battery possesses a high theoretical energy density and Ge-air battery has a high actual power density and ideal safety. Besides anodes, air cathodes where oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are also the key components in air batteries. To further promote the discharging performance and facilitate energy conversion/storage, semiconductor materials have been introduced in electrochemical cells like Li-O2 and Zn-air batteries. This review briefly summarizes semiconductor materials utilized in various air batteries, including the progress of Si-air and Ge-air batteries and recent advances in semiconductor cathodes catalysts. Finally, the remaining challenges and further perspective are discussed.
Dopamine (DA) is easy to be oxidized and polymerizes to form polydopamine (pDA) in alkaline conditions, while the synthesis is usually time-consuming (48 h). Herein, the polymerization of DA is completed with 4 h under the catalysis of acid phosphatase (ACP). The high efficiency makes the detection of DA feasibility based on the self-polymerization of DA. In this assay, pDA is grown in situ on the surface of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and then the fluorescence of COFs is quenched significantly. The linear range of DA is achieved from 0.5–50 μmol/L with a detection limit of 0.16 μmol/L. The detection of DA is not interfered with uric acid, ascorbic acid, and some phenolic compounds, because these substances cannot polymerize in the presence of ACP. Moreover, benefiting from the good sensitivity and selectivity, DA has been successfully determined by this strategy in human urine samples with satisfactory recoveries.
The conversion of CO2 under mild condition is of great importance because these reactions involving CO2 can not only produce value-added chemicals from abundant and inexpensive CO2 feedstock but also close the carbon cycle. However, the chemical inertness of CO2 requires the development of high-performance catalysts. Herein, Ag nanoparticles/MIL-100(Fe) composites were synthesized by simple impregnation-reduction method and employed as catalysts for the photothermal carboxylation of terminal alkynes with CO2. MIL-100(Fe) could stabilize Ag nanoparticles and prevent them from aggregation during catalytic process. Taking the advantages of photothermal effects and catalytic activities of both Ag nanoparticles and MIL-100(Fe), various aromatic alkynes could be converted to corresponding carboxylic acid products (86%–92% yields) with 1 atm CO2 at room temperature under visible light irradiation when using Ag nanoparticles/MIL-100(Fe) as photothermal catalysts. The catalysts also showed good recyclability with almost no loss of catalytic activity for three consecutive runs. More importantly, the catalytic performance of Ag nanoparticles/MIL-100(Fe) under visible light irradiation at room temperature was comparable to that upon heating, showing that the light source could replace conventional heating method to drive the reaction. This work provided a promising strategy of utilizing solar energy for achieving efficient CO2 conversion to value-added chemicals under mild condition.
A new strategy is developed for the synthesis of 1-aminoisoquinoline derivatives. This Rh(Ⅲ)-catalyzed [4 + 2] annulation reaction employs benzamidines as efficient directing groups and the vinylene carbonate as an acetylene surrogate. Additionally, the reaction features broad substrate scopes and good yields, only producing carbonate anion as byproduct.
A facile approach was successfully employed to prepare Fe2O3/Co3O4 nanosheet arrays on nickel foams (Fe2O3/Co3O4@NF), which owned such advantages as narrow band gap energies and high separation rate of photoexcited electron-hole pairs. The combination of Fe2O3 and Co3O4 dramatically enhanced the photocatalytic activity towards sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) degradation, with the highest catalytic efficiency of k = 0.0538 min−1, which was much higher than that of Fe2O3@NF (0.0098 min−1) and Co3O4@NF (0.0094 min−1). The introduction of Ni foam could not only act as the support to anchor photocatalyst, but also work as the electron mediator to promote the transition of electron-hole pairs. Reactive species trapping experiments combined with electron paramagnetic resonance analysis confirmed ·O2− was primarily responsible for SMZ degradation. Furthermore, Fe2O3/Co3O4@NF was effective and almost unaffected by inorganic cations and anions in aqueous solution. This study could provide a facile and promising path for the construction of self-supported metal oxide-based heterojunction with high efficiency and strong stability.
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