The global automotive industry is currently in a critical phase of deep transformation toward electrification, intelligence, and connectivity. By leveraging its first−mover advantage in new energy vehicles, China has been actively advancing the development of intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) on the basis of electrification, establishing certain early advantages. This paper systematically reviews and compares domestic and international progress in key technological breakthroughs, the deployment of connected infrastructure, and large−scale demonstration applications. It summarizes China's leading edges in perception and decision−making systems, cloud−control basic platforms, testing environment development, and industrial implementation, while also identifying weaknesses in high−performance chips, vehicle operating systems, cross−domain standard coordination, and integrated security assurance. The analysis indicates that China's automotive industry needs to strengthen independent innovation in core technologies such as the vehicle–road–cloud integrated architecture and large−scale vehicle AI models, build a software–hardware decoupled, open, and collaborative industrial ecosystem, accelerate large−scale demonstration applications across multiple scenarios, and deepen high−level international cooperation. This paper clearly proposes a high−quality development pathway centered on the "deep integration of intelligence and connectivity," providing a systematic theoretical framework and policy insights for promoting the transformation and upgrading of China's automotive industry and building a world−leading automotive power.

This paper outlines the strategic opportunities and challenges facing China's space science during the 15th Five−Year Plan period and analyzes the current development status in space science both domestically and internationally, highlighting gaps and shortcomings in China’s capabilities. Guided by the National Mid− and Long−term Plan for Space Science in China (2024−2050) as a blueprint, the paper elaborates on pathways to achieve transformative breakthroughs during the 15th Five−Year Plan by strengthening plan implementation, consolidating the talent foundation, breaking through payload technology bottlenecks, and fostering an ecosystem for original breakthroughs. The paper envisions breakthroughs in frontier areas such as cosmic origins, space weather, and exoplanet detection during this period, emphasizing the imperative to seize opportunities, leverage the advantages of the new nationwide system, and enhance strategic−tactical synergy. These efforts will accelerate the deployment of fundamental research in space science and deepen key technological studies. These efforts will tangibly address the "first and last mile" challenges in fostering major scientific achievements, and provide robust support for building China into a leading science and technology powerhouse while bolstering its position as a leading space nation.

High-energy neutrinos interact weakly with matter and are not deflected by magnetic fields during their propagation through the Universe, making them unique messengers for probing extreme astrophysical processes, unveiling the origin of high-energy cosmic rays, and advancing multi-messenger astronomy. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has discovered astrophysical high-energy neutrinos and identified compelling evidence for neutrino emission from active galactic nuclei and the Galactic plane, marking the advent of neutrino astronomy. However, owing to limitations in detector volume, angular resolution, and neutrino flavor identification efficiency, the origins of high-energy neutrinos remain largely unresolved. As major developed nations are accelerating the construction of next-generation neutrino telescopes, Chinese scientists have proposed TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT), a next-generation neutrino telescope in the South China Sea with significantly enhanced performance. TRIDENT aims to rapidly identify astrophysical neutrino sources and precisely measure neutrino flavor ratios. This initiative seeks to probe origins of high energy cosmic rays and their acceleration mechanisms, and open a new window for probing fundamental physics over astronomical baselines. TRIDENT utilizes an innovative non-uniform detector geometry based on Penrose tiling and hybrid digital optical modules (hDOMs), achieving a large instrumented volume and significantly improving angular resolution, energy resolution, and neutrino flavor identification efficiency. TRIDENT expects to observe the IceCube steady source candidate NGC 1068 with 5σ significance within 1 year of operation, and enable the rapid discovery of multiple astrophysical neutrino sources. The TRIDENT team has successfully completed site selection in the South China Sea, developed core technologies, and established deep-sea deployment strategies, demonstrating readiness for large-scale construction. We recommend initiating the construction of neutrino telescope in South China Sea during China’s 15th Five-Year Plan period. This will allow China to seize a strategic opportunities for major breakthroughs in neutrino astronomy.

This paper expounds the necessity and feasibility of the application of hydrogen energy in aviation field, reviews the research and development history of hydrogen aviation power at home and abroad, looks forward to the development prospect of hydrogen aviation power, points out that the development of hydrogen aviation power needs the reconstruction of the whole industrial chain, the innovation of the whole chain, the whole process test and the establishment of a new national system, and puts forward some suggestions, such as firm confidence in promoting the development of hydrogen aviation, building a national strategic scientific and technological force of hydrogen aviation, building an innovative development ecology of hydrogen aviation, and implementing the national science and technology project of hydrogen aviation.

The deep sea is not only a mystery of life and repository of resources, but also a critical element of national security, constituting a vital strategic domain for the sustainable development of humanity. To develop China into a strong maritime nation, it is imperative to advance into the deep sea. To this end, the 2025 Government Work Report has, for the first time, identified "deep−sea science and technology" as an emerging industry. This article highlights that, thanks to rapid advancements in "deep drilling, deep diving, and deep−sea networking" technologies, China has developed world−class capabilities in "deep−sea access, deep−sea exploration, and deep−sea development." Significant progress has been made in areas such as deep−sea drilling, deep−sea diving, and deep−sea observation networks. Notably, the "South China Sea Deep−Sea Research Initiative" has achieved breakthrough results, including the discovery of low−latitude drivers. In the future, exploration in the South China Sea will expand to the southern basin, and China’s deep−sea research will advance toward full−ocean−depth and all−sea−area investigations, promoting deeper integration between deep−sea and polar exploration.The deep sea holds abundant and valuable resources. Currently, China faces a historic opportunity to establish a "Chinese School" of Earth system science, starting from deep−sea research. It is essential to build upon the foundation of the South China Sea, broaden the perspective to the global ocean, accelerate the strategic development of deep−sea science and technology, foster new productive forces in deep−sea resource utilization, and promote the intelligent integration of "deep drilling, deep diving, and deep−sea networking" technologies with multidisciplinary collaboration. Leveraging new technologies such as big data and supporting technological innovations will provide crucial support for China’s goals of becoming a maritime power and a global leader in science and technology.

Based on the evolutionary law of the 50−year long−wave cycle of the world economy, this paper focuses on the core engine of the fifth long−wave cycle—the integrated circuit (IC) industry. It systematically sorts out the development history, current status of the industrial system, and global competitive pattern of China's IC industry from the "6th Five−Year Plan" to the "14th Five−Year Plan" periods. By analyzing the development achievements in key links such as electronic design automation (EDA), design, manufacturing, packaging and testing, equipment, materials, and memory, the paper identifies China's breakthroughs in chip autonomy in national security−related fields and the phased achievements of multiple enterprises ranking among the top 10 in relevant global fields. Meanwhile, it deeply analyzes the industry's existing problems, including homogeneous competition and internal friction caused by "small scale, dispersion, and weakness", lack of fault tolerance and trial−and−error mechanisms between upstream and downstream enterprises, imperfect data statistics and industrial standards, and insufficient transformation of "national efforts" into practical actions. Combined with the development trends of integrated circuits in the post−Moore era—extending Moore's Law, expanding Moore's Law, transcending Moore's Law, and enriching Moore's Law—the paper proposes that during the "15th Five−Year Plan" period, efforts should be made to build leading enterprises, improve coordination mechanisms, increase targeted investment, strengthen basic research, deepen international cooperation, and optimize talent training.