Objective: To explore Zhang Zhongjing's understanding of the efficacy and indications of Semen Persicae(Taoren) and his medication characteristics.Methods: Based on the 13 clauses where Zhang Zhongjing applied Semen Persicae and the nine formulas containing Semen Persicae in Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber—Dahuang Mudan Tang (Rhubarb and Moutan Decoction), Taobe Chengqi Tang(Peach Kernel Purgative Decoction), Didang Tang (Resistance Decoction), Didang Wan (Resistance Pill), Xiayuxue Tang (Stasis - Expelling Decoction), Biejiajian Wan (Turtle Shell Decoction Pill), Guizhi Fuling Wan (Cinnamon and Poria Pill), Dahuang Zhechong Wan (Rhubarb and Ground Beetle Pill), treatment of horse falls, and all formulus for treating tendon and bone injuries—the efficacy and indications of Semen Persicae were summarized. Results and Conclusion: Semen Persicae can purify the lung and unblock the fu organs, enter the blood and remove stasis, gradually attack and break stasis, and unblock the vessels and activate collaterals to treat acute critical conditions such as intestinal abscess, blood stasis, and tendon and bone injuries. It can regulate qi and blood, nourish blood and supplement deficiency to treat difficult and complicated diseases such as abdominal masses and consumptive blood dryness. It can also expel stasis and regulate menstruation, eliminate masses and stop bleeding to treat gynecological disorders such as postpartum abdominal pain, persistent lochia, unfavorable menstruation, amenorrhea, and female abdominal masses. For acute critical conditions, large doses and aggressive attacking methods are used; for difficult and complicated diseases and chronic conditions, small doses and gradual unblocking methods are applied. Both decoctions and pills are used for long - term treatment. For activating blood and removing stasis, the dosage should be large, mostly decocted and taken with wine; for moistening dryness and moving stagnation, the dosage is slightly smaller, mostly prepared into honeyed pills.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of Bushen Jiangzhi Formula in intervening atherosclerosis (AS) in Apoe⁻/⁻ mice based on comprehensive tissue metabolomics.Methods: Apoe⁻/⁻ mice were fed a high - fat diet to establish an AS model and randomly divided into model (M) group, Bushen (BS) group, and atorvastatin (ATV)group, with age - matched C57BL/6J mice as normal control (C) group. After 12 weeks of intervention, ultra - high - performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC - MS/MS) combined with UPLC - Orbitrap mass spectrometry - based untargeted lipidomics was used to detect aortic metabolites and lipids. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify signature differential metabolites and lipids.Results: High - fat diet induced typical AS lesions and lipid accumulation in the aortic sinus of Apoe⁻/⁻ mice. Aortic metabolites were mainly classified as lipids and lipid - like molecules. Compared with the M group, the BS group showed 7 upregulated and 2 downregulated differential metabolites in positive ion mode, and 12 upregulated and 3 downregulated in negative ion mode. Bushen Jiangzhi Formula reversed the expression trends of signature differential metabolites, including deoxythymidine 5' - phosphate(dTMP) and milnacipran. KEGG analysis indicated that dTMP was significantly enriched in the pyrimidine metabolism pathway. Lipidomics identified 3,897 lipid molecules belonging to 44 subclasses. Compared with the M group, the BS group exhibited 102 significantly upregulated and 24 downregulated differential lipid molecules. Bushen Jiangzhi Formula reversed the expression trends of 30 signature differential lipids related to phosphatidylserine (PS), triglyceride (TG), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) subclasses. Correlation analysis revealed strong interrelationships among these signature lipids.Conclusion: The mechanism of Bushen Jiangzhi Formula in intervening AS in Apoe⁻/⁻ mice may involve regulating aortic metabolite dTMP through the pyrimidine metabolism pathway and modulating the expression of PS -, TG -, and LPC - related lipid molecules at the comprehensive tissue metabolomics level.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Yinhuang Lotion on wound healing in diabetic ulcer rats.Methods: A diabetic model was established in SD rats using a high - sugar, high - fat diet combined with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). A diabetic skin ulcer model was then created through surgical intervention and stimulation with 50% glacial acetic acid. The successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into a model group, a Yinhuang Lotion group, and a Kangfuxin Liquid group, with 12 rats in each group. An additional 12 normal SD rats served as the control group. The ulcer wounds of the control and model groups were covered with gauze soaked in normal saline. The Yinhuang Lotion group received gauze soaked in Yinhuang Lotion, while the Kangfuxin Liquid group was treated with gauze soaked in Kangfuxin Liquid. All groups underwent daily dressing changes for 28 days. On days 14 and 28, six rats from each group were randomly selected to assess general condition, body weight, fasting blood glucose, ulcer area, and ulcer healing rate. Serum levels of interleukin - 18 (IL - 18) and tumor necrosis factor - α (TNF - α) were measured using ELISA, while the expression levels of hypoxia - inducible factor 1α (HIF - 1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected via Western blot.Results: On days 14 and 28, compared with the control group, the model group exhibited larger ulcer areas, lower ulcer healing rates, higher levels of inflammatory factors, and reduced expression of related proteins (P <0.05). In contrast, the Yinhuang Lotion and Kangfuxin Liquid groups showed smaller ulcer areas, higher ulcer healing rates, lower inflammatory factor levels, and increased expression of related proteins (P <0.05). Furthermore, on days 14 and 28, the Yinhuang Lotion group demonstrated significantly smaller ulcer areas (P <0.01), higher ulcer healing rates (P < 0.01), lower inflammatory factor levels (P <0.01), and higher expression of related proteins (P < 0.01) compared with the Kangfuxin Liquid group.Conclusion: Yinhuang Lotion can promote angiogenesis in ischemic wounds, accelerate tissue repair, and shorten the treatment period for diabetic ulcers by inhibiting inflammatory factors and regulating the HIF - 1α/VEGF signaling pathway, thereby effectively treating diabetic ulcer wounds.

Objective: To investigate the intervention effect of Feijin Mixture on airway mucus hypersecretion in mice with cough variant asthma (CVA).Methods: Mice were divided into five groups: control group, model group, low- dose Feijin Mixture group, high - dose Feijin Mixture group, and prednisone group. A CVA mouse model was established by sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)₃]. Mice in the control and model groups were administered normal saline by gavage, while mice in the treatment groups received corresponding doses of drugs. Pathological changes in lung tissue were detected by hematoxylin - eosin (HE) staining. Mucin content secreted by tracheal epithelial cells was observed by Alcian blue - periodic acid - Schiff (AB - PAS)staining. Mucin 5AC (Mucin5AC) content in lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Tumor necrosis factor - α (TNF - α) levels in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as well as serum levels of interleukin - 4(IL - 4) and interleukin-8 (IL - 8), were measured by enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in lung tissue was detected by Western blot.Results: Compared with the model group, the Feijin Mixture groups showed reduced bronchial epithelial goblet cell hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration around the respiratory tract and bronchi and blood vessels, and reduced fibroblast hyperplasia in alveolar walls of the respiratory region. The number of goblet cells, Mucin5AC content, PAS - positive staining area, TNF - α, IL - 4, IL - 8, and p - EGFR/EGFR expression in lung tissue were decreased in the Feijin Mixture groups (P <0.05).Conclusion: Feijin Mixture can reduce the expression of airway mucin - like proteins, alleviate pathological changes and inflammatory responses, thereby effectively intervening in airway mucus hypersecretion through the TNF - α/EGFR pathway.

Objective: To investigate the properties and morphology of Coptis chinensis - Evodia rutaecarpa self- assemblies and their effects on the contents of seven components: epiberberine hydrochloride, coptisine hydrochloride, palmatine hydrochloride, berberine hydrochloride, evodiamine, rutaecarpine, and evodin.Methods: The morphology, fluidity, and water absorption rate of the self - assemblies were characterized. High - performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to compare the differences in the seven components among single decoctions of Coptis chinensis and Evodia rutaecarpa, co - decoction supernatant, and the self - assemblies.Results: The self - assemblies exhibited good fluidity and water - absorbing swelling properties. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that they were spherical particle aggregates. The formation of self - assemblies led to a decrease in the contents of the seven components in the supernatant, with significant reductions in evodiamine, berberine hydrochloride, and evodin, while epiberberine hydrochloride slightly increased. Among the seven components in the self - assemblies, berberine hydrochloride was relatively abundant and likely a key component in the formation of the self - assemblies.Conclusion: A quantitative method for the seven components in Coptis chinensis - Evodia rutaecarpa self - assemblies was established, which can be used by enterprises to monitor changes in the main components in the self - assemblies and supernatant. The Coptis chinensis - Evodia rutaecarpa self - assemblies are fundamentally different from chemical precipitation and can serve as a green strategy for supramolecular design and construction. This provides insights into the reuse of carrier - free self- assembled drugs and offers a new perspective for understanding self - assembly phenomena in traditional Chinese medicine decoctions.

This article interprets the pathological characteristics of coronary heart disease in the elderly from the perspective of the dysregulation of the "Qi - Blood - Vessel - Spirit" chain. It posits that deficiency is the fundamental basis of coronary heart disease in the elderly, with qi deficiency being the initiating factor. Prolonged qi deficiency leads to stagnation of deficient qi, which affects the blood, making qi stagnation and blood stasis the primary cause. When deficient qi stagnates in the vessels, vessel obstruction becomes the key pathological mechanism. When deficient qi stagnates and affects the spirit, mental restlessness becomes an independent risk factor. Based on this, the article summarizes the experience of the renowned traditional Chinese medicine practitioner Guo Shikui in treating coronary heart disease in the elderly by focusing on restoring the "Qi - Blood - Vessel - Spirit" chain. Specifically, for deficiency, tonifying qi is essential, promoting free flow through tonification; for blood stasis, activating circulation is appropriate, using free flow as tonification; for vessel obstruction, promoting free flow is crucial, warming and unblocking to relieve pain; for mental disturbance, harmonizing is the norm, resolving stagnation and calming the spirit. The aim is to provide a perspective and method for the treatment of coronary heart disease in the elderly with traditional Chinese medicine.

This article explores the pathogenesis of infertility due to diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) based on the "Liver - Kidney Theory" and summarizes Professor Han Yanhua's treatment experience. Based on the differentiation of the liver and kidney organs, the analysis is conducted from three aspects: kidney deficiency and essence depletion, liver failure in dispersion and discharge, and Qi deficiency and blood stasis. Kidney essence deficiency leads to hindered follicular development; liver stagnation and failure in discharge cause imbalance in the storage and discharge of the uterine chamber; Qi deficiency and blood stasis result in blockage of the thoroughfare and conception vessels, making it difficult for sperm and egg to combine, all of which can lead to infertility. Professor Han Yanhua advocates that treatment should focus on regulating the liver and kidney, combining dispersion and tonification, following the storage and discharge of the uterine chamber, and conducting cyclical regulation. Commonly used empirical formulas such as Bailing Tiaogan Decoction and Bushen Huoxue Formula are employed to harmonize Yin and Yang and nourish Qi and blood. This article briefly analyzes Professor Han Yanhua's clinical experience and academic ideas to share with peers, accompanied by one proven case.

Based on the discussion of the theory of phlegm and blood stasis in ancient literature, combined with modern medical research on femoral head bone marrow edema syndrome, the pathogenesis of phlegm and blood stasis in the same disease is explored. It is recognized that the occurrence and development of femoral head bone marrow edema syndrome are closely related to phlegm and blood stasis, and both phlegm and blood stasis are pathological factors that run through the entire course of the disease. It has been elucidated that the occurrence of femoral head bone marrow edema syndrome is closely related to the dysfunction of organs such as the liver, spleen, and kidneys. Its pathological mechanism is often based on deficiency of the root and excess of the target, with insufficient spleen and stomach circulation, liver and kidney dysfunction, and loss of muscle and bone nourishment as its root causes, and phlegm and blood stasis as its targets. Therefore, the treatment of this disease should be based on regulating qi and strengthening the spleen, nourishing liver, kidney, qi and blood, and promoting the circulation of qi and blood, in order to achieve the goal of "When blood circulation is activated, phlegm is resolved; when phlegm is eliminated, blood stasis is then dispersed."

As crucial components of human life activities, body, Qi, and spirit interact with each other, driving various vital processes. The onset and progression of cervical vertigo are accompanied by changes in body, Qi, and spirit. The "body" aspect is reflected in the pathological state of cervical spine muscle and bone imbalance; the "Qi" aspect manifests as dysfunction of Qi circulation and malnutrition of the brain; the "spirit" aspect is reflected in liver stagnation, muscle tension, and blocked brain connections. The pathological change in the body serves as the pathological foundation for the onset of cervical vertigo, the dysregulation of Qi is the root cause of the disease, and the disturbance of the spirit acts as a pathogenic factor. Therefore, in the treatment of cervical vertigo, it is necessary to emphasize the "unity of body, Qi, and spirit", prioritizing the manipulation of complex shape and the balance of muscles and bones, regulating Qi as the root cause, dredging yang Qi as the method, unblocking the governor vessel and soothing the liver, regulating the mind and stopping vertigo as the key, and utilizing traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, massage, psychological counseling, and other comprehensive means of treatment, in order to provide new insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cervical vertigo.

Objective: To explore the effect of acupotomy combined with warm acupuncture and moxibustion on the improvement of vertebral artery blood flow and cervical joint range of motion in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR).Methods: 92 patients with CSR diagnosed and treated in the Pain Department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2023 to June 2024 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into two groups by random number table. 46 patients in the control group were treated by warming acupuncture and moxibustion regularly, and 46 patients in the observation group were assisted with acupotomy at the same time. After three courses of treatment (three weeks), the vertebral artery blood flow, cervical joint range of motion, TCM syndrome score, effective rate and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared.Results: After 3 weeks of treatment, both groups showed significant improvement in bilateral vertebral artery blood flow velocity and bilateral vertebral artery blood flow compared to before treatment. The observation group had higher bilateral vertebral artery blood flow velocity and bilateral vertebral artery blood flow (P <0.05). After 3 weeks of treatment, the cervical joint range of motion scores in both groups decreased significantly compared to before treatment, with the observation group scoring lower than the control group (P < 0.05). After 3 weeks of treatment, the TCM syndrome scores of both groups decreased significantly compared to before treatment (P <0.05), and the TCM syndrome scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). After 3 weeks of treatment, the effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups of patients (P > 0.05).Conclusion: The combined scheme of acupotomy and warm acupuncture and moxibustion has significantly improved the vertebral artery blood flow and the cervical joint range of motion in the treatment of CSR population, which is conducive to improving the therapeutic effect and ensuring the safety.