Objective:This study aims to investigate the mechanism by which Shenghui Decoction alleviates cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease（AD）by counteracting oxidative stress through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.Methods:From a total of 45 mice，9 were randomly selected as the normal control group，while the remaining 36 were injected with Aβ25-35 oligomers via stereotaxic brain injection to establish an AD model.The model mice were divided into a model group，a low-dose Shenghui Decoction group，a high-dose Shenghui Decoction group，and a donepezil group，with 9 mice in each group.（1）Behavioral experiments were conducted to assess learning and memory abilities. Immunofluorescence technology was used to detect hippocampal amyloid β-protein（Aβ）deposition in mice，and the effects of Shenghui Decoction on AD-related oxidative stress were explored in combination with fluorescent probes and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）.（2）Through network pharmacology methods，the active components and related targets of Shenghui Decoction were screened and intersected with disease targets for AD and oxidative stress，thereby constructing a ″Shenghui Decoction active components-targets-AD-oxidative stress″network and protein-protein interaction（PPI）network.Key active components of Shenghui Decoction were identified.In addition，Metascape database and MCODE algorithm were used to obtain target cluster modules，and molecular docking of key active components with cluster module targets was validated using AutoDockTools software.（3）Western blot（WB）experiments were performed to assess the protein expression levels of molecules with the best docking binding energies.Results:Behavioral experiments indicated that Shenghui Decoction（SHD）can improve learning and memory abilities in AD mice，reduce Aβdeposition（P＜0.05），increase superoxide dismutase levels（P＜0.05），and decrease reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content（P＜0.05）.Atotal of 48 active components and 114 overlapping targets related to ″AD-SHD-oxidative stress″were identified.The key active components include kaempferol，β-sitosterol，stigmasterol，scopolamine，and tetrahydropalmatine.Eight core targets were involved in important biological processes such as oxidative stress response，reactive nitrogen species response，and hypoxia response，including caspase -3（CASP3），signal transducer and activator of transcription 1（STAT1），peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma（PPARG），nuclear factor erythroid 2（Nrf2），intercellular adhesion molecule-1（ICAM-1），heme oxygenase-1（HO-1），vascular cell adhesion molecule 1（VCAM1），and caspase-1（CASP1）.Molecular docking results showed that the core target HO-1 had the best binding effect with key active components of SHD.WB experiments verified that SHD exerts antioxidant effects by regulating the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1. Conclusion:SHD can improve learning and memory abilities in AD mice，reduce Aβproduction，and inhibit oxidative stress，with its mechanism related to the regulation of protein expression levels in the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.