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Rainbow trout were used as a research subject to investigate the effects of different preservation techniques on the quality and physicochemical properties of aquatic products during storage. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), total viable count (TVC), pH, and drip loss rate were used as technical indicators. A comparative study was conducted on the preservation effects of four preservation methods on rainbow trout flesh, including refrigeration (4 ℃±1 ℃), ice temperature (-1 ℃±1 ℃), high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF, 3 kV/m) + ice temperature (-1 ℃±1 ℃), and HEVF (3 kV/m) + compound biological preservative (mass fraction: 1.40% chitosan + 0.05% lysozyme + 1.30% theaflavin) + ice temperature (-1 ℃±1 ℃). The results showed that treatment with HVEF + compound biological preservatives effectively inhibited microbial growth. Samples from the refrigeration and ice temperature groups had already decayed by the 10th and 12th day, with TVC reaching 7.12 lg (CFU/g) and 7.13 lg (CFU/g), respectively. In contrast, the TVC values of the HVEF + ice temperature and HVEF + compound biological preservative + ice temperature groups were only 6.32 lg (CFU/g) and 5.89 lg (CFU/g) on the 12th day. On the 14th day of storage, the TVB-N of the HVEF + compound preservative + ice temperature group was only 20.17 mg/100 g, which was much lower than that of the other three groups. This investigation indicates that compared to refrigeration and ice-temperature storage, treatment with HVEF + composite preservatives can effectively delay the spoilage process of fish and extend the shelf life of rainbow trout by four days.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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