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State of the Art Immersion Liquid Cooling Technology for Power Battery Thermal Management Applications
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Jianjie Zhu1, Yuan Zhuang1, Hongsheng Ouyang1, 2, Yongjie Lu1, Yuhao Yan1, Xilei Wu1, Gongran Ye1, Cancan Zhang3, Yuting Wu3, Xiaohong Han1
Journal of Refrigeration | 2025, 46(2) : 1 - 16
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Journal of Refrigeration | 2025, 46(2): 1-16
State of the Art Immersion Liquid Cooling Technology for Power Battery Thermal Management Applications
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Jianjie Zhu1, Yuan Zhuang1, Hongsheng Ouyang1, 2, Yongjie Lu1, Yuhao Yan1, Xilei Wu1, Gongran Ye1, Cancan Zhang3, Yuting Wu3, Xiaohong Han1
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
  • 2.State Key Lab for Fluorine Greenhouse Gases Replacement and Control Treatment, Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Hangzhou, 310014, China
  • 3.MOE Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
Published: 2025-04-16 doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.001
Outline
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Battery thermal management systems are crucial components of pure electric vehicles. The promising application of liquid immersion technology in electronic equipment has also garnered increasing attention for its potential in battery thermal management. Power battery immersion liquid-cooling technology involves directly immersing the battery in dielectric liquid to dissipate heat through convection or phase-change heat transfer. This study analyzes the impact of temperature on battery performance and compares the advantages and limitations of different thermal management systems. The importance of immersion-based battery thermal management is emphasized. Key technical challenges and recent research advancements are reviewed in detail, including coolant selection, module design, and considerations for battery life and safety. Finally, commercially developed immersion cooling products for demonstration and exploration are introduced.

Jianjie Zhu, Yuan Zhuang, Hongsheng Ouyang, Yongjie Lu, Yuhao Yan, Xilei Wu, Gongran Ye, Cancan Zhang, Yuting Wu, Xiaohong Han. State of the Art Immersion Liquid Cooling Technology for Power Battery Thermal Management Applications[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025 , 46 (2) : 1 -16 . DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.001
Funding
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  • National Natural Science Foundation of China(52076185)
Appendix
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Year 2025 volume 46 Issue 2
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128
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Article Info
doi: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.001
  • Receive Date：2023-11-29
  • Online Date：2026-03-13
  • Published：2025-04-16
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received：2023-11-29
  • Revised：2024-01-26
  • Accepted：2024-01-29
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52076185)
Affiliations
    1.Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
    2.State Key Lab for Fluorine Greenhouse Gases Replacement and Control Treatment, Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Hangzhou, 310014, China
    3.MOE Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China

Corresponding:

Han Xiaohong, female, professor, doctoral advisor, Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Zhejiang University, 86-571-87953944, E-mail: . Research fields: high heat flux heat dissipation technology (mainly heat pipe heat dissipation, microchannel heat dissipation and immersion liquid cooling technology), immersion liquid cooling of power battery, refrigerant replacement technology, refrigerant leakage, refrigerant recovery, recycling and reclamation.
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zlxb/EN/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.001
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