Article(id=1322928176770449526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926740955341011, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.10.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793340256159, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1760025600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793340256159, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793340256159, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793340256159, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322926740955341011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1760025600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339913834, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340753123, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322930261259846420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926740955341011, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322930261259846421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926740955341011, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=108, endPage=113, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322928176988553335, articleId=1322928176770449526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Regulatory effect of Liqi Tongbian Decoction(理气通便方)on gut microbiota/SCFAs/5-HT axis of rats with STC of Qi Stagnation Syndrome based on fecal microbiota transplantation technology, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To further verify the therapeutic effect of Liqi Tongbian Decoction(理气通便方)in treating slow transit constipation(STC)by regulating the intestinal microbiota/short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)/5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)axis through fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)technology.

Methods

After 7 days of adaptive feeding,24 rats were used in the experiment,of which 3 were the normal control group and received sterile water treatment.The rest 21 rats were used to establish the STC model through loperamide suspension+clamp tail stimulation and were treated with an antibiotic cocktail for 7 days to achieve decolonization.Among them,3 rats were randomly selected and euthanized to evaluate the intestinal motility.After successfully establishing the STCpseudogerm-free rat model,the animals were randomly divided into the normal rat fecal transplantation group,the STCrat fecal transplantation group and the Liqi Tongbian Decoction rat fecal transplantation group,with 6 rats in each group.All groups were given the corresponding rat fecal suspension daily by oral gavage for a week.After the gavage,the general condition and colonic tissue pathological changes of each group were observed.The intestinal microbiota and SCFAs in the feces of each group were detected.The concentration of 5-HT was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the expression and distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3(5-HT3R)and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4(5-HT4R)in colonic tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry.Additionally,the expression levels of tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPH1),tryptophan hydroxylase 2(TPH2),5-hydroxytamine transporter(SERT)and monoamineoxidase A(MAO-A)in colonic tissue were detected by Western Blot.

Results

The Liqi Tongbian Decoction rat fecal transplantation group significantly improved the water content of feces and increased the number of defecations,accelerated the colonic transit,increased the concentration of 5-HT in the serum,and increased the expressions of 5-HT3R and 5-HT4R in colonic tissue.It also increased the expression levels of TPH1,TPH2,SERT and MAO-A proteins.At the taxonomic level,significant differences were found in the genus Mucispirillum after fecal transplantation.The measurement of SCFAs showed that the fecal fluid of the rats in the Liqi Tongbian Decoction group had significantly up-regulated the level of butyric acid after treatment,while the other SCFAs did not show significant changes.

Conclusion

Liqi Tongbian Decoction can improve the structure of the intestinal microbiota in STCpseudogerm-free rats,up-regulate the abundance of Mucispirillum,mediate the production of SCFAs(especially butyric acid),stimulate the synthesis of 5-HT and the expressions of its receptors 5-HT3R and 5-HT4R,and promote the transport and metabolism of 5-HT,thereby improving the colonic transit function.These results further verify that regulating the intestinal microbiota/SCFAs/5-HT axis is a key step in the treatment of STCwith Liqi Tongbian Decoction.

, authors=Qihong LIU1, 2, Danfeng KE2, Xiao KE1, 2, Yunfeng LUO1, 2, Lunan HU1, 2, Yan REN1, 2, Wenyi FANG1, 2, Peilin ZHAO1, 2, Jinxian YAN3, authorsList=Qihong LIU, Danfeng KE, Xiao KE, Yunfeng LUO, Lunan HU, Yan REN, Wenyi FANG, Peilin ZHAO, Jinxian YAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiao KE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322928180562100371, articleId=1322928176770449526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=基于肠菌移植技术研究理气通便方对气滞证STC大鼠“肠道菌群/SCFAs/5-HT”轴的调控作用, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

通过肠菌移植(fecal microbiota transplantation,FMT)技术,进一步验证理气通便方通过调控“肠道菌群/短链脂肪酸(short chain fatty acids,SCFAs)/五羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)”轴发挥治疗气滞证慢传输型便秘(slow transit constipation,STC)的作用。

方法

将24只大鼠适应性喂养7 d后,其中3只作为正常对照组给予无菌水处理,21只大鼠用于复制气滞证STC模型(“洛哌丁胺混悬液+夹尾刺激”)造模,再进行7 d的抗生素鸡尾酒疗法脱菌处理,从中随机抽取3只处死,用于评估肠道动力情况。气滞证STC伪无菌大鼠造模成功后,将动物随机分为3组,分别为正常大鼠粪菌液移植组、气滞证STC模型大鼠粪菌液移植组、理气通便方组大鼠粪菌液移植组,每组6只。以上三组分别给予制备的相应大鼠粪便混悬液灌胃,每日1次,共1周。灌胃结束后,观察各组大鼠的一般情况、结肠组织病理变化,检测各组大鼠粪便的肠道菌群与SCFAs,运用Elisa法检测5-HT的浓度,免疫组化法检测结肠组织中5-羟色胺受体3(5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3,5-HT3R)、5-羟色胺受体4(5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4,5-HT4R)的表达及分布,Western Blot法检测结肠组织中色氨酸羟化酶1(tryptophan hydroxylase 1,TPH1)、色氨酸羟化酶2(tryptophan hydroxylase 2,TPH2)、五羟色胺转运体(5-hydroxytamine transporter,SERT)、单胺氧化酶-A(monoamineoxidase A,MAO-A)蛋白的表达水平。

结果

理气通便方组大鼠粪菌液移植组能够显著提高粪便含水率、增加排便数量,加快肠道传输,并且能够提高血清中5-HT的浓度,提高结肠组织中5-HT3R和5-HT4R的表达,增加TPH1、TPH2、SERT、MAO-A蛋白的表达水平,并在属分类学水平上,发现毛螺菌属在移植后仍为显著差异菌。SCFAs的测定结果提示,移植理气通便方组治疗后大鼠的粪菌液可显著上调丁酸的水平,其余SCFAs未见明显变化。

结论

理气通便方能够改善气滞证STC伪无菌大鼠肠道菌群结构,上调毛螺菌属的丰度,介导了SCFAs(尤其是丁酸)的产生,刺激了5-HT的合成及其受体5-HT3R和5-HT4R表达,同时也促进了5-HT的转运与代谢,从而提高了结肠传输功能,进一步验证了调控“肠道菌群/SCFAs/5-HT”轴是理气通便方治疗气滞证STC的关键环节。

, authors=刘启鸿1, 2, 柯丹枫2, 柯晓1, 2, 骆云丰1, 2, 胡露楠1, 2, 任彦1, 2, 方文怡1, 2, 赵培琳1, 2, 严锦贤3, authorsList=刘启鸿, 柯丹枫, 柯晓, 骆云丰, 胡露楠, 任彦, 方文怡, 赵培琳, 严锦贤, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=柯晓, authorNote=

刘启鸿(1994-),男(畲族),福建永安人,主治医师,博士,研究方向:消化系统疾病的中西医结合临床基础研究。

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柯晓(1965-),男,福建福州人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,硕士,研究方向:消化系统疾病的中西医结合临床基础研究。E-mail:。
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刘启鸿(1994-),男(畲族),福建永安人,主治医师,博士,研究方向:消化系统疾病的中西医结合临床基础研究。

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刘启鸿(1994-),男(畲族),福建永安人,主治医师,博士,研究方向:消化系统疾病的中西医结合临床基础研究。

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Nutr Res,2010,30(6):427-434., articleTitle=Butyrylated starch increases large bowel butyrate levels and lowers colonic smooth muscle contractility in rats, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322928190708121875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=28, issue=3, pageStart=441, pageEnd=446, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=金霞霞, 周锋, 雷正权, journalName=安徽医药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=金霞霞,周锋,雷正权,等. 针刺调控5-羟色胺-谷氨酸/γ-氨基丁酸长神经环路防治广泛性焦虑障碍的作用机制探讨[J]. 安徽医药,2024,28(3):441-446., articleTitle=针刺调控5-羟色胺-谷氨酸/γ-氨基丁酸长神经环路防治广泛性焦虑障碍的作用机制探讨, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322928188610969844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, awardId=82274282, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(82274282), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322928188673884405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, awardId=2023L3013, language=CN, fundingSource=中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2023L3013), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322928188749381878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, awardId=2021J01878, language=CN, fundingSource=福建省自然科学基金面上项目(2021J01878), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322928188820685047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, awardId=闽卫中医〔2022〕112号, language=CN, fundingSource=柯晓福建省名中医工作室建设项目(闽卫中医〔2022〕112号), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322928188887793912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, awardId=2023Y4010, language=CN, fundingSource=福建省科技厅高校产学合作项目(2023Y4010), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322928180822147220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322928180830535829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, companyId=1322928180822147220, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.The Second People's Hospital,Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Fuzhou 350003,Fujian,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322928180838924438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, companyId=1322928180822147220, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.福建中医药大学附属第二人民医院,福建 福州 350003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322928180910227607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322928180918616216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, companyId=1322928180910227607, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Centre of Chinese Medicine for Spleen and Stomach,Fuzhou 350003,Fujian,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322928180931199129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, companyId=1322928180910227607, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.福建省中医脾胃临床医学研究中心,福建 福州 350003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322928181002502298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322928181015085211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, companyId=1322928181002502298, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation for Medical Institutions(Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine),Fuzhou 350003,Fujian,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322928181023473820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, companyId=1322928181002502298, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.福建省医疗机构中药制剂重点实验室(福建中医药大学),福建 福州 350003)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322928185482019034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=fo+kBOBqJV2onUhbjaNteQ==, figureFileBig=6iCflvOw2JzNSV/yH198og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928185544933595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=CN, label=图1, caption=两组大鼠肠道推进率的比较

注:**与CTRL组相比,P<0.01;LOP+ABX:洛哌丁胺混悬液+抗生素混合物。

, figureFileSmall=fo+kBOBqJV2onUhbjaNteQ==, figureFileBig=6iCflvOw2JzNSV/yH198og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928185721094364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6a9yd6y3+TndDiBTa/AIlw==, figureFileBig=AljHHcWuWYNM6j1Z7SvVKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928185804980445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组大鼠粪便含水率及6h排便数量的比较

注:*与FMT-STC组相比,P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=6a9yd6y3+TndDiBTa/AIlw==, figureFileBig=AljHHcWuWYNM6j1Z7SvVKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928185884672222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=nulzLsejN4BG0IE7LvuCRw==, figureFileBig=Nji3CBD8cCtXioOOTI8JAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928185947586783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各组大鼠肠道推进率的比较

注:*与FMT-STC组相比,P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=nulzLsejN4BG0IE7LvuCRw==, figureFileBig=Nji3CBD8cCtXioOOTI8JAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928186018889952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=APRDRLJUD4/KLndFDa2rwA==, figureFileBig=gPrYOh8+o3sfU2BRUTVasQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928187268792545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各组大鼠结肠组织病理学HE染色比较(×100倍), figureFileSmall=APRDRLJUD4/KLndFDa2rwA==, figureFileBig=gPrYOh8+o3sfU2BRUTVasQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928187369455842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=MR0wJzY2Qyisza8367PzkQ==, figureFileBig=hKDyQ1W1KDJcqbL3OGo4GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928187444953315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各组大鼠血清5-HT浓度的比较

注:*与FMT-STC组相比,P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=MR0wJzY2Qyisza8367PzkQ==, figureFileBig=hKDyQ1W1KDJcqbL3OGo4GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928187533033700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=OfA7Ghc+Rlu/CNRtZ//1zQ==, figureFileBig=1pDTTO75hVreQydJqTIS/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928187612725477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=CN, label=图6, caption=各组大鼠结肠组织中5-HT3R、5-HT4R表达比较

注:(A)通过显微镜在400倍视野下进行拍照;(B)对染色阳性率进行分析和统计。*与FMT-STC组相比,P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=OfA7Ghc+Rlu/CNRtZ//1zQ==, figureFileBig=1pDTTO75hVreQydJqTIS/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928187671445734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=s0F5UNSNWRLrhuby17vQgA==, figureFileBig=gIHSbH6ZPOrkG30HQAyaIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928187742748903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各组大鼠结肠组织中TPH1、TPH2、SERT、MAO-A表达比较

注:*与FMT-STC组相比,P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=s0F5UNSNWRLrhuby17vQgA==, figureFileBig=gIHSbH6ZPOrkG30HQAyaIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928187805663464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6ci7CPYpPj7qsT7ZOwolXg==, figureFileBig=cbqPpOIiKgQ8ASr5eypa7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928187885355241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=CN, label=图8, caption=各组大鼠肠道菌群ASV分布Venn图, figureFileSmall=6ci7CPYpPj7qsT7ZOwolXg==, figureFileBig=cbqPpOIiKgQ8ASr5eypa7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928187944075498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Bmi0pYfQHFRuEVwZ/+RJrw==, figureFileBig=C52iAdxydKPAnJWYlz9xbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928188006990059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=CN, label=图9, caption=各组大鼠肠道菌群多样性及丰度检测结果

注:*P<0.05,**P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=Bmi0pYfQHFRuEVwZ/+RJrw==, figureFileBig=C52iAdxydKPAnJWYlz9xbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928188074098924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=90VpsxEkssZxIhZ2tBSsHw==, figureFileBig=QsY0A3QHY4+3GfX5LXKgcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928188137013485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=CN, label=图10, caption=各组大鼠肠道菌群Beta多样性分析

注:**与FMT-STC组相比,P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=90VpsxEkssZxIhZ2tBSsHw==, figureFileBig=QsY0A3QHY4+3GfX5LXKgcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928188212510958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=FLH0iLwkBFUnEtxe/Yv7Ug==, figureFileBig=u+dZn1BkFO0VKCdh02vsIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928188271231215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=CN, label=图11, caption=各组大鼠肠道菌群在属水平群落组成分析, figureFileSmall=FLH0iLwkBFUnEtxe/Yv7Ug==, figureFileBig=u+dZn1BkFO0VKCdh02vsIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928188329951472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=xe2lyAFWxOt/Z/V6QImMiA==, figureFileBig=2Jw21S5Gknoev7OQB+gQKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928188397060337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=CN, label=图12, caption=各组大鼠中Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136的丰度比较

注:*与FMT-STC组相比,P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=xe2lyAFWxOt/Z/V6QImMiA==, figureFileBig=2Jw21S5Gknoev7OQB+gQKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322928188455780594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
短链脂肪酸FMT-STCFMT-CONFMT-LTD
Acetic acid(乙酸)701.99(457.98,718.96)647.17±88.90444.91(417.19,769.69)
Propionic acid(丙酸)411.54±101.54382.28±56.10491.96±157.37
Isobutyric acid(异丁酸)24.08±5.2126.78±8.5834.37±10.99
Butyric acid(丁酸)231.16±90.96266.29±62.16406.41(313.85,749.01)*
Valeric acid(戊酸)34.63±17.7041.35±12.4528.78±15.77
Hexanoic acid(己酸)0.67±0.210.74(0.67,1.52)0.79±0.21
Heptanoicacid(庚酸)0.22±0.060.25±0.040.17±0.04
Decanoic acid(癸酸)0.32±0.100.29±0.080.32±0.13
总SCFAs1 491.73(1 012.46,1 526.17)1 365.42±154.131 328.41(1 211.52,2 190.67)
), ArticleFig(id=1322928188522889459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928176770449526, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组大鼠短链脂肪酸含量比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
短链脂肪酸FMT-STCFMT-CONFMT-LTD
Acetic acid(乙酸)701.99(457.98,718.96)647.17±88.90444.91(417.19,769.69)
Propionic acid(丙酸)411.54±101.54382.28±56.10491.96±157.37
Isobutyric acid(异丁酸)24.08±5.2126.78±8.5834.37±10.99
Butyric acid(丁酸)231.16±90.96266.29±62.16406.41(313.85,749.01)*
Valeric acid(戊酸)34.63±17.7041.35±12.4528.78±15.77
Hexanoic acid(己酸)0.67±0.210.74(0.67,1.52)0.79±0.21
Heptanoicacid(庚酸)0.22±0.060.25±0.040.17±0.04
Decanoic acid(癸酸)0.32±0.100.29±0.080.32±0.13
总SCFAs1 491.73(1 012.46,1 526.17)1 365.42±154.131 328.41(1 211.52,2 190.67)
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基于肠菌移植技术研究理气通便方对气滞证STC大鼠“肠道菌群/SCFAs/5-HT”轴的调控作用
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刘启鸿 1, 2 , 柯丹枫 2 , 柯晓 1, 2 , 骆云丰 1, 2 , 胡露楠 1, 2 , 任彦 1, 2 , 方文怡 1, 2 , 赵培琳 1, 2 , 严锦贤 3
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(10): 108-113
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (10) : 108 -113
基于肠菌移植技术研究理气通便方对气滞证STC大鼠“肠道菌群/SCFAs/5-HT”轴的调控作用
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刘启鸿(1994-),男(畲族),福建永安人,主治医师,博士,研究方向:消化系统疾病的中西医结合临床基础研究。

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刘启鸿(1994-),男(畲族),福建永安人,主治医师,博士,研究方向:消化系统疾病的中西医结合临床基础研究。

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刘启鸿1, 2, 柯丹枫2, 柯晓1, 2 , 骆云丰1, 2, 胡露楠1, 2, 任彦1, 2, 方文怡1, 2, 赵培琳1, 2, 严锦贤3
作者信息
  • 1.福建中医药大学附属第二人民医院,福建 福州 350003
  • 2.福建省中医脾胃临床医学研究中心,福建 福州 350003
  • 3.福建省医疗机构中药制剂重点实验室(福建中医药大学),福建 福州 350003
通讯作者:
柯晓(1965-),男,福建福州人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,硕士,研究方向:消化系统疾病的中西医结合临床基础研究。E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘启鸿(1994-),男(畲族),福建永安人,主治医师,博士,研究方向:消化系统疾病的中西医结合临床基础研究。

Regulatory effect of Liqi Tongbian Decoction(理气通便方)on gut microbiota/SCFAs/5-HT axis of rats with STC of Qi Stagnation Syndrome based on fecal microbiota transplantation technology
Qihong LIU1, 2, Danfeng KE2, Xiao KE1, 2 , Yunfeng LUO1, 2, Lunan HU1, 2, Yan REN1, 2, Wenyi FANG1, 2, Peilin ZHAO1, 2, Jinxian YAN3
Affiliations
  • 1.The Second People's Hospital,Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Fuzhou 350003,Fujian,China
  • 2.Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Centre of Chinese Medicine for Spleen and Stomach,Fuzhou 350003,Fujian,China
  • 3.Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation for Medical Institutions(Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine),Fuzhou 350003,Fujian,China
出版时间: 2025-10-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.10.022
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目的

通过肠菌移植(fecal microbiota transplantation,FMT)技术,进一步验证理气通便方通过调控“肠道菌群/短链脂肪酸(short chain fatty acids,SCFAs)/五羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)”轴发挥治疗气滞证慢传输型便秘(slow transit constipation,STC)的作用。

方法

将24只大鼠适应性喂养7 d后,其中3只作为正常对照组给予无菌水处理,21只大鼠用于复制气滞证STC模型(“洛哌丁胺混悬液+夹尾刺激”)造模,再进行7 d的抗生素鸡尾酒疗法脱菌处理,从中随机抽取3只处死,用于评估肠道动力情况。气滞证STC伪无菌大鼠造模成功后,将动物随机分为3组,分别为正常大鼠粪菌液移植组、气滞证STC模型大鼠粪菌液移植组、理气通便方组大鼠粪菌液移植组,每组6只。以上三组分别给予制备的相应大鼠粪便混悬液灌胃,每日1次,共1周。灌胃结束后,观察各组大鼠的一般情况、结肠组织病理变化,检测各组大鼠粪便的肠道菌群与SCFAs,运用Elisa法检测5-HT的浓度,免疫组化法检测结肠组织中5-羟色胺受体3(5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3,5-HT3R)、5-羟色胺受体4(5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4,5-HT4R)的表达及分布,Western Blot法检测结肠组织中色氨酸羟化酶1(tryptophan hydroxylase 1,TPH1)、色氨酸羟化酶2(tryptophan hydroxylase 2,TPH2)、五羟色胺转运体(5-hydroxytamine transporter,SERT)、单胺氧化酶-A(monoamineoxidase A,MAO-A)蛋白的表达水平。

结果

理气通便方组大鼠粪菌液移植组能够显著提高粪便含水率、增加排便数量,加快肠道传输,并且能够提高血清中5-HT的浓度,提高结肠组织中5-HT3R和5-HT4R的表达,增加TPH1、TPH2、SERT、MAO-A蛋白的表达水平,并在属分类学水平上,发现毛螺菌属在移植后仍为显著差异菌。SCFAs的测定结果提示,移植理气通便方组治疗后大鼠的粪菌液可显著上调丁酸的水平,其余SCFAs未见明显变化。

结论

理气通便方能够改善气滞证STC伪无菌大鼠肠道菌群结构,上调毛螺菌属的丰度,介导了SCFAs(尤其是丁酸)的产生,刺激了5-HT的合成及其受体5-HT3R和5-HT4R表达,同时也促进了5-HT的转运与代谢,从而提高了结肠传输功能,进一步验证了调控“肠道菌群/SCFAs/5-HT”轴是理气通便方治疗气滞证STC的关键环节。

慢传输型便秘  /  气滞证  /  肠菌移植  /  肠道菌群/SCFAs/5-HT
Objective

To further verify the therapeutic effect of Liqi Tongbian Decoction(理气通便方)in treating slow transit constipation(STC)by regulating the intestinal microbiota/short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)/5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)axis through fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)technology.

Methods

After 7 days of adaptive feeding,24 rats were used in the experiment,of which 3 were the normal control group and received sterile water treatment.The rest 21 rats were used to establish the STC model through loperamide suspension+clamp tail stimulation and were treated with an antibiotic cocktail for 7 days to achieve decolonization.Among them,3 rats were randomly selected and euthanized to evaluate the intestinal motility.After successfully establishing the STCpseudogerm-free rat model,the animals were randomly divided into the normal rat fecal transplantation group,the STCrat fecal transplantation group and the Liqi Tongbian Decoction rat fecal transplantation group,with 6 rats in each group.All groups were given the corresponding rat fecal suspension daily by oral gavage for a week.After the gavage,the general condition and colonic tissue pathological changes of each group were observed.The intestinal microbiota and SCFAs in the feces of each group were detected.The concentration of 5-HT was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the expression and distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3(5-HT3R)and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4(5-HT4R)in colonic tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry.Additionally,the expression levels of tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPH1),tryptophan hydroxylase 2(TPH2),5-hydroxytamine transporter(SERT)and monoamineoxidase A(MAO-A)in colonic tissue were detected by Western Blot.

Results

The Liqi Tongbian Decoction rat fecal transplantation group significantly improved the water content of feces and increased the number of defecations,accelerated the colonic transit,increased the concentration of 5-HT in the serum,and increased the expressions of 5-HT3R and 5-HT4R in colonic tissue.It also increased the expression levels of TPH1,TPH2,SERT and MAO-A proteins.At the taxonomic level,significant differences were found in the genus Mucispirillum after fecal transplantation.The measurement of SCFAs showed that the fecal fluid of the rats in the Liqi Tongbian Decoction group had significantly up-regulated the level of butyric acid after treatment,while the other SCFAs did not show significant changes.

Conclusion

Liqi Tongbian Decoction can improve the structure of the intestinal microbiota in STCpseudogerm-free rats,up-regulate the abundance of Mucispirillum,mediate the production of SCFAs(especially butyric acid),stimulate the synthesis of 5-HT and the expressions of its receptors 5-HT3R and 5-HT4R,and promote the transport and metabolism of 5-HT,thereby improving the colonic transit function.These results further verify that regulating the intestinal microbiota/SCFAs/5-HT axis is a key step in the treatment of STCwith Liqi Tongbian Decoction.

slow transit constipation  /  Qi stagnation syndrome  /  fecal microbiota transplantation  /  gut microbiota/SCFAs/5-HT
刘启鸿, 柯丹枫, 柯晓, 骆云丰, 胡露楠, 任彦, 方文怡, 赵培琳, 严锦贤. 基于肠菌移植技术研究理气通便方对气滞证STC大鼠“肠道菌群/SCFAs/5-HT”轴的调控作用. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (10) : 108 -113 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.10.022
Qihong LIU, Danfeng KE, Xiao KE, Yunfeng LUO, Lunan HU, Yan REN, Wenyi FANG, Peilin ZHAO, Jinxian YAN. Regulatory effect of Liqi Tongbian Decoction(理气通便方)on gut microbiota/SCFAs/5-HT axis of rats with STC of Qi Stagnation Syndrome based on fecal microbiota transplantation technology[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (10) : 108 -113 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.10.022
慢传输型便秘(slow transit constipation,STC)主要表现为结肠传输能力下降,传输速度减慢为特点,临床主要表现为排便次数减少(>3 d/次)、粪便干硬、排便困难等[1]。由于社会老龄化的加剧和饮食习惯及生活方式的改变,STC的发病率逐年上升[2]。STC不仅严重影响患者的身心健康,而且增加卫生保健系统的财政负担。为此,有效预防和治疗STC对于提高患者的生活质量和降低医疗成本具有至关重要的意义。理气通便方是在国医大师杨春波教授学术思想的指导下,中国中西医结合学会慢性便秘专家委员会主任委员柯晓教授的经验方,该方由厚朴、枳实、火麻仁、郁李仁、柴胡、白芍、芒硝、瓜蒌仁等药组成,主要用于治疗气滞证STC,前期临床研究发现[3-4],理气通便方的临床疗效显著,优于西药对照组,可改善STC气滞证患者临床症状,促进自发排便,提高结肠传输功能,能调节肠道菌群的结构与物种多样性;动物实验也发现[5],理气通便方可增加五羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)及其5-羟色胺受体3(5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3,5-HT3R)、5-羟色胺受体4(5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4,5-HT4R)的表达、调整肠道菌群结构及短链脂肪酸(short chain fatty acids,SCFAs)的含量,从而起到治疗气滞证STC大鼠的作用。
近年来,肠菌移植(fecal microbiota transplant,FMT)作为一种改善菌群紊乱,重塑肠道菌群的有效疗法逐渐被深入研究。有研究表明,对STC患者进行FMT后,STC患者的临床症状得以改善,该疗法是目前便秘研究的热点[6]。研究证实,STC可导致肠道菌群紊乱,中医药具有调控肠道菌群的功效。而理气通便方作为气滞证STC的有效方,前期实验已初步确定,理气通便方能调节气滞证STC大鼠的肠道菌群,为验证理气通便方是借助肠道菌群来产生作用的,本研究拟通过伪无菌实验和肠菌移植技术,观察理气通便方的药效作用是否会随着粪便微生物的转移而转移,进一步表明理气通便方治疗气滞证STC的药效作用与调控“肠道菌群/SCFAs/5-HT”密切相关。
订购SPF级6周龄Wistar雌性大鼠,体质量160~170 g(北京华阜康生物科技股份有限公司)。实验动物分笼饲养于我校实验动物中心。动物房内温度22~25℃,相对湿度40%~60%,并保持12 h昼夜交替,自由获得食物和水,适应性饲养1周。本研究均按照福建中医药大学动物伦理委员会(批准号:FJTCM IACUC 2022075)的方案和指南进行。
5-HT ELISA试剂盒(江苏酶免实业有限公司,货号:MM-71127R2);5-HT3R抗体(SAB,货号:32946);5-HT、5-HT4R抗体(BIOSS,货号分别为:BS-1126R、BS-2127R);TPH1、TPH2、SERT抗体(SAB,货号分别为:41508、43424、53808);MAO-A抗体(Abcam,货号:ab126751);羊抗兔二抗(SAB,货号:L3012);Pusion Hot start flex 2X Master Mix(上海仪涛生物仪器有限公司,货号:M0536L);Qubit dsDNA HS Assay Kit(Life technologies,货号:Q32854);Biowest Agarose G-10(BIOWEST,货号:111860);50×TAE Buffer(生工生物工程股份有限公司,货号:B548101-50);乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、壬酸、癸酸(Dr.Ehrenstorfer,货号分别是:97610、64197、79094、79312、107926、503742、109524、142621、111148、124072、112050、334485)。
石蜡包埋机(湖北锦源医疗科技有限公司,型号:JYBMC);组织脱水机(湖北孝感市亚光医用电子技术有限公司,型号:ZT-14);石蜡切片机(Leica,型号:RM2235);酶标仪(Thermo scientific Milli-Q型号:0511);化学发光成像仪Amersham Image Quant 800(北京德泉兴业商贸有限公司,型号:AI800);生物安全柜(北京东联哈尔仪器制造有限公司,型号:BSC-1100ⅡA2);半自动化正立式金相显微镜(徕卡显微系统,型号:DM4000);气相色谱仪(日本岛津,型号:GC-2030);质谱仪(日本岛津,型号:QP2020 NX)。
盐酸洛哌丁胺胶囊(西安杨森制药有限公司,货号:H10910085);杆菌肽(北京索莱宝科技有限公司,货号:B8181);硫酸链霉素(北京索莱宝科技有限公司,货号:S8290);硫酸新霉素(北京索莱宝科技有限公司,货号:N8090)。
根据前期的实验研究[5],取正常对照组大鼠新鲜粪便作为正常大鼠粪菌液移植组(fecal microbiota transplant-control,FMT-CON)的粪菌提供来源,取气滞证STC模型组大鼠新鲜粪便作为气滞证STC模型大鼠粪菌液移植组(fecal microbiota transplant-slow transit constipation,FMTSTC)的粪菌来源,取理气通便方最佳疗效组大鼠新鲜粪便作为理气通便方组大鼠粪菌液移植组(fecal microbiota transplant-Liqi Tongbian Decoction,FMT-LTD)的粪菌来源。
将收集的各组大鼠粪便,按1 g粪便+10 mL无菌PBS溶液进行配制,随后将粪便搅拌混匀,涡旋震荡3 min,震荡5次,每次间隔15 s,接着使用200μm的过滤网将粪便溶液过滤3次去除杂质,最后配成粪菌混悬液浓度为100 mg/mL。分装至无菌15 mL离心管中,置于-80℃冰箱储存备用。
将24只SPF级Wistar雌性大鼠适应性喂养7 d后,其中3只作为正常对照组(control,CTRL)给予无菌水处理,21只大鼠用于复制气滞证STC模型(“洛哌丁胺混悬液+夹尾刺激”)造模[5],再进行7 d的抗生素鸡尾酒疗法[7](浓度分别为:杆菌肽200 mg/kg+硫酸链霉素200 mg/kg+硫酸新霉素200 mg/kg)进行脱菌,从中随机抽取3只处死,用于评估肠道动力情况。气滞证STC伪无菌大鼠造模成功后,将动物随机分为3组,分别为正常大鼠粪菌液移植组、气滞证STC模型大鼠粪菌液移植组、理气通便方组大鼠粪菌液移植组,每组6只。以上3组分别给予制备的相应大鼠粪混悬液灌胃,灌胃量为1 mL/100 g,每日1次,共1周。
FMT结束后前1 d,收集大鼠粪便,置于无菌冻存管中,放于-80℃超低温冰箱保存,用于肠道菌群与SCFAs检测。粪便收集完成后禁食不禁饮24 h后,采用异氟烷吸入麻醉,收集大鼠腹主动脉血,静置后3 h后,以3000 r/min的速度低温离心取上清,置于-80℃储存。将一部分结肠组织装入冻存管后立即放入液氮中,随后再转到-80℃冰箱中保存;一部分结肠组织放置于4%多聚甲醛中固定48 h后进行脱水包埋,以便开展后续实验。
收集各组大鼠当日给药后6 h的粪便,并记录排便数量,同时检测其含水率。先称大鼠湿粪的重量,再通过恒温培养箱60℃烘烤6 h后称干粪质量。粪便含水率(%)=(湿粪质量-干粪质量)/湿粪质量×100%。
按照ELISA试剂盒说明书进行操作,依次加入待测样品、抗体、酶标试剂、显色剂,并最终加入终止液,用450 nm波长测量各孔的吸光度值,根据标准品浓度和吸光度值做出标准曲线,最后根据标准曲线方程计算出5-HT的浓度。
末次给药后,每组均禁食不禁水24 h,取材前每只大鼠给予灌胃10%活性炭混悬液3 mL,10 min后立即采用异氟烷吸入麻醉后,剪开腹壁,分离并剪出从胃到盲肠的全部小肠,在肠道松弛状态下置于桌面上,测量活性炭在肠道内的推进长度及小肠全部长度,计算活性炭推进率,即肠道推进率。活性炭推进率=炭末向前推进长度/小肠全长×100%。
4%多聚甲醛固定的组织样本,并进行脱水、透明、包埋。将组织切成4μm厚的薄片,在温水中将组织展平后捞在载玻片上,60℃烘烤切片2 h。切片经二甲苯脱蜡后,流水洗涤20 min,苏木素染色30 min,流水洗涤20 min,盐酸酒精分化,伊红染色5 min,最后梯度酒精脱水,二甲苯透明后用树脂胶封片。显微镜下观察组织病理学变化,并采用显微成像系统拍照记录。
各组结肠组织包埋后将组织切成厚度约为4μm的组织切片,并对组织块进行修复、封闭后,滴加5-HT3R、5-HT4R蛋白的抗体,4℃孵育过夜。二抗孵育后,按DAB试剂盒说明书操作,对各切片进行DAB显色处理,经封片后在400倍镜下每份样本随机选取5个视野,获取图像,采用多功能真彩色细胞图像分析管理系统进行图像分析。
实验结束后,取结肠肌层组织用组织裂解液提取蛋白并收集蛋白,BCA法测定蛋白质含量;变性后进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳;半干转转至NC膜上;用含5%脱脂奶粉的TBST封闭;洗膜,加入TPH1、TPH2、SERT、MAO-A蛋白的一抗,GAPDH作为对照,在4℃震荡过夜,用含0.25% tween-20的TBST洗涤后,加入相应的辣根过氧化物酶标记的二抗孵育、洗涤后,加入ECL发光液,用凝胶成像系统扫描并进行数据分析。
按照DNA抽提试剂盒说明书抽提各组大鼠粪便肠道菌群总DNA并检测其提取质量,随后对DNA进行定量。基于338F(5’-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3’)-806R(5’-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3’)对16SrRNA基因V3~V4可变区进行PCR扩增,扩增程序:95℃预变性3 min,27个循环(95℃变性30 s,55℃退火30 s,72℃延伸30 s),72℃稳定延伸10 min,最后在4℃进行保存;反应体系:5×TransStart FastPfu缓冲液4μL,dNTPs(2.5 mmol/L)2μL,上游引物(5μmol/L)0.8μL,下游引物(5 μmol/L)0.8μL,TransStart FastPfu DNA聚合酶0.4μL,模板DNA 10 ng,补足至20μL,每个样本3个重复。
将粪便溶于含500μL甲醇溶液的EP管中,静置5~10 min,振荡混匀,制成粪便悬液。用硫酸调节悬液pH至2~3,静置5 min,其间振荡混匀数次。将EP管于5000 r/min离心20 min后,取上清以5000 r/min离心5 min后,其上清用于气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用分析。具体方法:用氮气为载气,控制气流流速为1 mL/min。将柱温起始温度设置为100℃,维持0.5 min。以8℃/min的速度将温度上升至180℃,维持1 min。再以20℃/min的速度将温度上升到200℃,维持5 rnin。检测器温度则控制为240℃,进样口温度设定为200℃,进样体积为1μL。每个标本检测时间均为17.5 min。
运用SPSS 21.0统计软件进行数据分析,计量资料符合正态分布则以均数±标准差()表示,若不符合正态分布则采用中位数与四分位间距即M(P25,P75)表示。对于正态分布的数据,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用LSD法。不满足正态分布的数据采用非参数秩和检验。α=0.05为检验水平,P<0.05提示差异具有统计学意义。使用Graph-Pad Prism 8.0.1软件进行绘图,主成分分析图等均使用R软件制作。
如插页ⅩⅤ图1所示,我们发现在气滞证STC模型造模后给予抗生素混合物,气滞证STC大鼠的肠道动力仍处于减慢状态,并且结肠在禁食24 h后仍有粪便残余,提示给予抗生素后并未造成抗生素相关腹泻,气滞证STC伪无菌大鼠模型仍处于便秘状态,由此说明造模成功。
结果如插页ⅩⅤ图2所示,我们发现在进行肠菌移植后,粪便的颜色由棕色变为黑色,同时发现FMT-STC组的粪便呈颗粒状,质地相对FMT-CON组、FMT-LTD组较硬。与FMTSTC组比较,FMT-CON组大鼠6h粪便总量有所增加(P<0.05),粪便含水率虽有所增加,但是差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);FMT-LTD组的6 h粪便总量显著增多,粪便含水率明显降低(均P<0.05)。由此提示,在肠菌移植后,FMT-STC组大鼠的排便情况并未得到明显改善,而在FMT-CON组和FMT-LTD组的大鼠粪便含水率、排便数量有所提升。
如插页ⅩⅤ图3所示,各组在禁食24 h后,FMT-CON组与FMT-STC组的结肠中有粪便残余,FMT-LTD组的结肠中无粪便。进一步比较肠道推进率,我们发现与FMT-STC组相比,FMT-LTD组的肠道推进率有所提高(P<0.05),而FMTCON组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。说明在肠菌移植后,移植理气通便方干预后的大鼠粪菌液可改善气滞证STC伪无菌大鼠的肠道动力。
如插页ⅩⅤ图4所示,FMT-STC组结肠黏膜破损,肠腺体水肿,肠上皮脱落,黏膜下层间质血管扩张,腺体排列不齐,伴有炎性细胞浸润;FMT-CON组的结肠黏膜较为完整,肠腺排列较为整齐,但仍存在腺体水肿的表现,可见到黏膜下层间质血管扩张。FMT-LTD组的结肠组织中肠黏膜完整,腺体排列整齐,未见上皮损伤、血管扩张及腺体水肿表现。
结果显示如插页ⅩⅥ图5所示,与FMT-STC组比较,FMT-CON组血清中5-HT含量有所升高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),FMT-LTD组5-HT含量有所升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。说明肠菌移植至气滞证STC伪无菌大鼠体内后,通过肠道菌群的重塑定植,理气通便方干预后的大鼠粪菌液可使得5-HT含量增加。
免疫组化实验结果如插页ⅩⅥ图6所示,与FMT-STC组对比,FMT-CON组5-HT3R、5-HT4R表达量虽有所提高,但差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);FMT-LTD组5-HT3R、5-HT4R表达量明显上升(均P<0.05)。该结果说明了肠菌移植后,移植理气通便方干预后的大鼠粪菌液后,能够促进肠道组织中的5-HT3R、5-HT4R的表达。
我们进一步探讨了FMT对气滞证STC伪无菌大鼠的5-HT合成过程以及转运代谢过程中TPH1、TPH2、SERT、MAOA蛋白表达水平的影响。Western blot检测结果如插页ⅩⅥ图7所示,与FMT-STC组比较,FMT-LTD组大鼠结肠TPH1、TPH2、SERT、MAO-A蛋白表达水平均明显升高(均P<0.05),FMT-CON组结肠TPH1、TPH2、SERT、MAO-A蛋白表达虽有所上升,但差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。由此可见,移植理气通便方干预后的大鼠的粪菌液后可提高TPH1、TPH2蛋白的表达,促进5-HT的合成、转运与代谢。
从韦恩图插页ⅩⅦ图8中我们可以看出,FMT-CON组独有物种1517个,FMT-STC组独有物种1236个,FMT-LTD组独有物种1364个,3组共有物种576个。
(1)Alpha多样性:如插页ⅩⅦ图9A所示,各组样本的稀释曲线从0开始迅速上升,达到平台期后,随着测序数据量的增加,稀释性曲线趋向平坦,已经可以说明各组样本中绝大多数的微生物信息。通过ASV的种类和丰度计算获得goods_coverage和shannon指数,其中goods_coverage指数主要是估计群落中包含物种的数目,shannon指数主要说明肠道菌群的多样性。结果如插页ⅩⅦ图9B所示,FMT-STC组的goods_coverage指数呈现出下降趋势,FMT-STC组与FMT-CON组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与FMT-LTD组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而FMT-CON组与FMT-LTD组相比差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。FMT-STC组的shannon指数低于FMT-CON组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但是与FMT-LTD组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
(2)Beta多样性分析:结果如插页ⅩⅦ图10所示,我们发现FMT-CON组、FMT-STC组与FMT-LTD组三组之间的物种存在明显的差异。此外,FMT-CON组、FMT-LTD组与FMT-STC组的距离大小为FMT-LTD>FMT-CON>FMTSTC,且与FMT-STC组的群落结构差异存在显著的统计学意义(均P<0.01)。
(3)对肠道菌群组成的影响:在属分类水平上,由插页ⅩⅧ图11可知,FMT-CON组排名前五的菌属分别是:Muribaculaceae、Clostridia_UCG-014、UCG-005、Firmicutes、Prevotella_9,FMT-STC组以Muribaculaceae、Allobaculum、Clostridia_UCG-014、Ruminococcus、Firmicutes为主,而FMT-LTD组排名前五的菌属是Muribaculaceae、Allobaculum、Firmicutes、Clostridia_UCG-014、Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136(毛螺菌属)。
基于前期实验的结果[5],提示Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136(毛螺菌属)是理气通便方治疗气滞证STC的关键菌属,我们进一步通过肠菌移植技术来验证该菌是否为关键菌属,结果如插页ⅩⅧ图12所示,与FMT-STC组比较,FMT-CON组的毛螺菌属丰度虽有所增加,但是无统计学意义(P>0.05),而FMT-LTD组的丰度明显增加,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。由此可以说明毛螺菌属是理气通便方的关键菌,同时在伪无菌的环境下,可促进该菌的定植与生长。
短链脂肪酸的测定结果由表1所示,与FMT-STC组相比,我们发现FMT-LTD组的丁酸显著上升(P<0.05),其余SCFAs未见显著变化(均P>0.05)。由此可见,移植理气通便方干预后的大鼠粪菌液中对产丁酸具有一定促进作用,并且阐明丁酸是理气通便方治疗气滞STC机制之一。
肠菌移植是近年来一种新兴治疗疾病的技术和手段,能够重新构建患者的肠道功能菌群,即将健康人的肠道菌群作为粪便供体,随后移植到患者的肠道内,从而使得优势菌大量繁殖,减少致病菌所占数量,以期达到治疗疾病的目的[8-9]。西方医学借助肠菌移植治疗疾病的历史可追溯至1958年[10],然而我国早在西周或春秋战国的《五十二病方》中就有记载人粪入药。东汉医圣张仲景在《金匮要略》书中提到:“食诸菌中毒……治之方:人粪汁饮一升,土浆饮一二升,……并解”,该条文指出粪汁具有解毒作用,可用于治疗菌类导致的食物中毒[11]。东晋时期葛洪所著的《肘后备急方》中提到[12]:“绞粪汁,饮数合至一二升……陈久者佳”,首先提出对粪便进行发酵处理后的效果更佳。
肠道微生态在慢性便秘的病理过程中扮演着关键的角色,通过微生态移植技术可以重建肠道菌群,从而缓解患者的便秘症状,以达到治疗的效果,但其中的作用机制尚不清楚[13]。有研究发现,肠道菌群可以通过对碳水化合物和膳食纤维的发酵,产生短链脂肪酸(主要是乙酸、丙酸、丁酸)[14]。动物实验发现[15],丁酸不仅能显著增加胆碱能介导的结肠环行肌收缩反应,还可以刺激结肠对水和电解质的吸收。另一方面能够诱导5-HT的合成,从而激活腺苷酸环化酶,使得细胞内ATP形成环磷酸腺苷,从而刺激结肠平滑肌,调节结肠的分节活动[16-17]。因此,FMT治疗便秘的作用机制可能通过重塑肠道菌群,调节肠道内产SCFAs菌群的种类和丰度,促进5-HT的合成,从而调控肠道动力,缓解便秘症状。前期动物实验也已证实理气通便方可以增加气滞证STC大鼠5-HT及其受体5-HT3R、5-HT4R的表达,调整肠道菌群结构,增加气滞证STC大鼠菌群的丰富度与多样性,显著增加毛螺菌属的丰度,上调气滞证STC大鼠粪便中SCFAs水平,其中丁酸最为显著[5]。
本研究中,通过“气滞证STC大鼠+抗生素鸡尾酒疗法脱菌处理”构建气滞证STC伪无菌大鼠,结合肠菌移植技术,将前期制备的正常对照组大鼠、气滞证STC组大鼠、理气通便方最佳剂量组大鼠的粪菌混悬液进行移植体内后,结果发现理气通便方最佳剂量组的粪菌液可明显改善气滞证STC大鼠便秘症状,提高肠道传输功能,提高肠道菌群的多样性,并提高关键菌属毛螺菌的丰度水平。另外,FMT不仅可以改变肠道菌群的结构,还可以调节肠道的神经内分泌功能。某些肠道菌群发酵产生的代谢物对5-HT的合成有促进作用,5-HT可直接作用于肠道上皮的5-HT受体,引起结肠平滑肌的收缩[18-19]。本研究的结果提示,理气通便方治疗后大鼠的粪菌液可提高5-HT的含量,以及5-HT3R、5-HT4R的表达。研究发现[20],肠道微生物群是肠道5-HT产生的关键调节剂。5-HT的分泌增加促进了位于迷走神经感觉纤维上的5-HT3R、5-HT4R,从而刺激胃肠肌间神经丛释放乙酰胆碱并促进结肠平滑肌收缩。本研究的结果也证实,理气通便方治疗后大鼠的粪菌液可提高血清中5-HT的含量和结肠组织中5-HT3R、5-HT4R的表达。TPH1与TPH2是在5-HT的合成过程中相关限速酶,其可作为反映5-HT合成的间接指标。SERT是一种跨膜转运蛋白,对5-HT具有高度的亲和力,可重新摄取5-HT[21]。MAO-A是5-HT的代谢过程中关键酶,调节5-HT分解代谢[22]。因此,TPH1、TPH2、SERT和MAO-A是影响5-HT水平的重要指标。本研究结果发现,理气通便方治疗后大鼠的粪菌液可促进TPH1、TPH2的表达,提示能够促进5-HT的合成,同时SERT和MAO-A的表达也上调,提示可避免由于过多5-HT在肠道累积而引起的受体脱敏。另外,移植理气通便方治疗后的大鼠粪菌液可调节SCFAs代谢水平,尤其是丁酸的水平。丁酸主要通过乙酰辅酶A途径发酵宿主无法消化的碳水化合物而产生,为机体提供能量,并成为肠道上皮细胞的主要能源[23-24]。肠道中的丁酸一方面可促进肠胃肌肉的收缩能力,增强肠胃的蠕动;另一方面还可促进神经递质的传递,以此来促进肠胃蠕动,缓解便秘症状[25-26]。
综上所述,本研究结果表明移植理气通便方治疗后的粪菌液,能够改善气滞证STC伪无菌大鼠的肠道动力,提高结肠传输功能,上调毛螺菌属的丰度,促进SCFAs的产生,尤其是丁酸的产生,从而促进5-HT的合成及其受体5-HT3R、5-HT4R的表达,并上调结肠组织中TPH1、TPH2、SERT、MAOA蛋白表达水平。因此,理气通便方治疗气滞证STC的药效作用可通过粪便微生物移植而转移,验证了本方是通过调控“肠道菌群/SCFAs/5-HT”轴起到治疗气滞证STC的作用,并提示毛螺菌属及其代谢产物丁酸对5-HT的调控是理气通便方改善肠道动力的作用机制之一。因此,在后期研究中,本课题组将从粪菌移植后对气滞证STC大鼠肠道菌群结构菌属的具体调节作用的角度作更进一步的补充,以期更深入探索其药效作用机制。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(82274282)
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  • 柯晓福建省名中医工作室建设项目(闽卫中医〔2022〕112号)
  • 福建省科技厅高校产学合作项目(2023Y4010)
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2025年第43卷第10期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.10.022
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-10-10
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基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(82274282)
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2023L3013)
福建省自然科学基金面上项目(2021J01878)
柯晓福建省名中医工作室建设项目(闽卫中医〔2022〕112号)
福建省科技厅高校产学合作项目(2023Y4010)
作者信息
    1.福建中医药大学附属第二人民医院,福建 福州 350003
    2.福建省中医脾胃临床医学研究中心,福建 福州 350003
    3.福建省医疗机构中药制剂重点实验室(福建中医药大学),福建 福州 350003

通讯作者:

柯晓(1965-),男,福建福州人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,硕士,研究方向:消化系统疾病的中西医结合临床基础研究。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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