Article(id=1322926982555643944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926740955341011, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.10.026, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339971436, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1760025600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339971436, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339971436, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339971436, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322926740955341011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1760025600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339913834, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340753123, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322930261259846420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926740955341011, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322930261259846421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926740955341011, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=129, endPage=144, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322926982761164841, articleId=1322926982555643944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Research Progress on Chemical Compositions and Pharmacological Activities of Duhuo(Angelica Pubescentis Radix), columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Duhuo(Angelica Pubescentis Radix)is the dried root of Duhuo(Angelica pubescens Maxim.f.biserrata Shan et Yuan),which is mainly distributed in Sichuan and Hubei of China,with the effects of expelling wind and removing dampness,unblocking obstruction and relieving pain in traditional Chinese medicine.A total of 420 chemical compositions have been identified from Duhuo(Angelica Pubescentis Radix),mainly including coumarins(107)and volatile oils(262).Modern pharmacological studies show that Duhuo(Angelica Pubescentis Radix)exhibits a variety of biological activities such as analgesic effect,anti-inflammation,vascular protection,antioxidant effect,central regulation and anti-tumor effect.In this paper,the types,structures and pharmacological effects of the main chemical components of Duhuo(Angelica Pubescentis Radix)were systematically reviewed,which provided a reference for the research on quality control,biological activity,development and utilization.

, authors=Cuihui BAI1, 2, Guodong HOU1, 2, Yongxia GUAN3, Xinyu HAO4, Huifen LI1, Yujie DU1, Qingzhi LIU1, Dongxiao GUO2, 3, authorsList=Cuihui BAI, Guodong HOU, Yongxia GUAN, Xinyu HAO, Huifen LI, Yujie DU, Qingzhi LIU, Dongxiao GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qingzhi LIU, Dongxiao GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322926986749947968, articleId=1322926982555643944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=独活化学成分及药理作用研究进展, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

独活(Angelica Pubescentis Radix)为伞形科植物重齿毛当归的干燥根,主要分布于我国四川、湖北等地,具有祛风除湿、通痹止痛等功效。目前,已经从独活中鉴定了420种化学成分,主要为香豆素类(107种)和挥发油类(262种)。现代药理学研究表明,独活具有镇痛抗炎、血管保护、抗氧化、中枢调节、抗肿瘤等多种生物活性。系统综述了独活主要化学成分的种类、结构及药理作用,为独活的质量控制、生物活性和开发利用等研究提供参考。

, authors=白翠慧1, 2, 侯国栋1, 2, 关永霞3, 郝新宇4, 李慧芬1, 杜玉洁1, 刘青芝1, 郭东晓2, 3, authorsList=白翠慧, 侯国栋, 关永霞, 郝新宇, 李慧芬, 杜玉洁, 刘青芝, 郭东晓, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘青芝, 郭东晓, authorNote=

白翠慧(1998-),女,山东菏泽人,硕士在读,研究方向:药物分析学。

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘青芝(1985-),女,山东滨州人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,硕士,研究方向:制药工程及药品质量控制。E-mail:。
郭东晓(1984-),男,山东淄博人,主任药师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中药、保健食品和化妆品质量评价。Email:。
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白翠慧(1998-),女,山东菏泽人,硕士在读,研究方向:药物分析学。

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白翠慧(1998-),女,山东菏泽人,硕士在读,研究方向:药物分析学。

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figureFileSmall=+75ZExu/16yAkfN3DKCKcw==, figureFileBig=i1g28D9JlEHcTmeeHoyhmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322926994853343381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926982555643944, language=CN, label=图10, caption=独活中简单碳氢化合物类挥发油结构, figureFileSmall=+75ZExu/16yAkfN3DKCKcw==, figureFileBig=i1g28D9JlEHcTmeeHoyhmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322926994924646550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926982555643944, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=NyU+HZ9xPzZg6PxlOup8rg==, figureFileBig=sh8C+bBWOpHOk9ghCAhpVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322926995008532631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926982555643944, language=CN, label=图11, caption=独活中其他化合物结构, figureFileSmall=NyU+HZ9xPzZg6PxlOup8rg==, figureFileBig=sh8C+bBWOpHOk9ghCAhpVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322926995084030104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926982555643944, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号类别化合物分子式分子量参考文献编号类别化合物分子式分子量参考文献
1IisomeranzineC15H16O4260.29[4]46I7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-umbelliferoneC15H16O8324.08[10]
2ImeranzinC15H16O4260.29[4]
3ⅢhydroxylomatinC14H14O5262.08[4-5]47I7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-
β-D-glucopyranosyl-umbelliferone
C20H24O12456.13[10]
4ⅡoxypeucedanineC16H14O5286.28[4]
5ⅡcolumbianadinC19H20O5328.36[4]48ⅡcolumbianinC26H34O14570.19[11]
6ⅡcolumbianetinC14H14O4246.26[6]49Ⅱtert-O-β-D-glucopy-ranosyl-
(R)-byakangelicin
C23H28O12496.16[11]
7Ⅱcolumbianetin acetateC16H16O5288.30[6]
8Ⅱβ-D-glucosyl-columbianetinC20H24O9408.14[6]50Ⅱsec-O-β-D-glucopy-ranosyl-
(R)-byakangelicin
C23H28O12496.16[11]
9IpeucedanolC14H16O5264.10[6]
10ⅡangelidiolC14H14O5262.08[6]51Ⅱcolumbianetin propionateC17H18O5302.11[12]
11ⅡangelmarinC23H20O6392.13[6]52ⅡdihydrocolumbianadinC19H22O5330.15[12]
12ⅡpabulenolC16H14O5286.08[6]53Iangelol A dehydrationC20H22O6358.14[12]
13ⅡimperatorinC16H14O4270.09[6]54Iisoangelol dehydrationC20H22O6358.14[12]
14ⅡcnidilinC17H16O5300.10[6]55Ianpubesol dehydrationC20H24O6360.16[12]
15ⅡbyakangelicinC17H18O7334.10[6]56Iangelol C dehydrationC20H24O6360.16[12]
16ⅡneobyakangelicolC17H16O6316.09[6]57IostholeC15H16O3244.29[13]
17ⅡisopimpinellinC13H10O5246.22[6]58Iglabra-lactoneC16H16O5288.10[14]
18IulopterolC15H18O5278.12[6]59IangelinC20H22O5342.15[14]
19IosthenolC14H14O3230.26[6]60I8-(3-hydroxy-isovaleryl)-5,7-dimethoxycoumarinC16H18O6306.11[14]
20ⅡnodakenetinC14H14O4246.09[6]
21ⅡisobergaptenC12H8O4216.04[7]61IcoumurrayinC16H18O4274.12[6, 14]
22ⅡisopsoralenC11H6O3186.03[7]62I7-methoxy-8-senecioylcoumarinC15H14O4258.09[14]
23Iangelol AC20H24O7376.15[6]63IumbellipreninC24H30O3366.22[14]
24ⅡbergaptenC12H8O4216.04[7]64Ⅱsec-O-acetylbyakangelicinC19H20O8376.11[14]
25Imeranzin hydrateC15H18O5278.12[6]65ⅡferulinC17H16O6316.09[14]
26ⅢnodaketinC19H20O5328.13[6]66ⅡxanthotoxolC11H6O4202.16[15]
27ⅡangenomalinC14H12O3228.24[6-7]67I4-methyl-umbelliferyl acetateC12H10O4218.21[15]
28IumbelliferoneC9H6O3162.03[7]68I7-demethyl-dihydroangelol CC19H24O7365.16[15]
29ⅡbergaptolC11H6O4202.03[6-7]69Itrans-dehydroostholC15H14O3243.10[15]
30ⅡpsoralenC11H6O3186.03[6-7]70ⅡpimpinellinC13H10O5247.06[15]
31IscopoletinC10H8O4192.04[6]71IsuberenolC15H16O4261.11[15]
32ⅡxanthotoxinC12H8O4216.04[6-7]72ⅡoroseloneC14H10O3227.07[15]
33ⅡnodakeninC20H24O9409.15[7]73ⅡisoangenomalinC14H12O3229.09[15]
34ⅡisoimperatorinC16H14O4270.28[7]74Idehydra-angelol BC20H22O6359.15[15]
35Ⅱoxypeucedanin hydrateC16H16O6304.29[6-7]75IangelitriolC15H18O6294.11[15]
36IscoparoneC11H10O4207.07[8]76I6-[(1R, 2R)-1, 2-dihydroxy-3-β-D-glucosyloxy-3-methylbutyl]-
7-methoxycoumarin
C21H28O11456.16[16]
37IphebalosinC15H14O4259.10[8]
38ⅡtrioxsalenC14H12O3229.09[8]
39ⅢluvangetinC15H14O4259.10[8]77IangepubebisinC23H28O7416.18[17]
40IostruthinC19H22O3299.17[8]78IpeucedanolC14H16O5264.10[18]
41ⅡvaginidiolC14H14O5262.26[9]79IapiosylskimminC20H24O12456.13[18]
42ⅡisooxypeucedaninC16H14O5286.08[9]80ⅡmarmesininC20H24O9408.14[18]
43IanpubesolC20H26O7378.17[9]81Iangelol JC17H22O6322.14[18]
44IisoangelolC20H24O7376.40[9]82Iangelol GC20H24O7376.15[19]
45I6-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-
β-D-glucopyranosyl-scopoletin
C20H24O13472.12[10]83Iangelol BC20H24O7376.15[19]
84Iangelol CC20H26O7378.17[19]
85Iangelol IC20H26O7378.17[19]98Ⅱcolumbianetin-β-D-glucopyranosideC20H24O9394.13[22]
86Iangelol DC20H24O7376.15[19]99Iangelol A-3’-β-D-glucosideC26H35O12539.21[23]
87Iangelol KC20H24O7376.15[19]100ⅡheramandiolC14H14O5262.00[24]
88Iangelol LC20H26O7378.17[19]101I2’-deoxymeranzin hydrateC15H18O4262.12[25]
89IesculinC15H16O9341.09[20]102I6-formyl-7-methoxycoumarinC11H8O4204.18[26]
90IesculetinC9H6O4179.03[20]103I6-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyl)-7-methoxycoumarinC15H16O5275.09[27]
91Ⅱdecuroside VC20H24O10425.14[20]
92ⅢdecursinolC14H14O4247.10[20]104I(R)-6-(1,3-dihydroxy-3-methyl-
2-oxobutyl)-7-methoxycoumarin
C15H16O6337.09[27]
93ⅡphellopterinC17H16O5301.11[20]
94ⅡallopsoralenC11H6O3187.04[20]105Iangelol NC20H24O7421.15[27]
95ⅡangelmanetinC28H30O12558.50[21]106IthamnosmoninC15H16O5276.28[27]
96Ⅱangelmarin-4’-β-D-glucoseC30H32O12584.60[21]107ⅡhermandiolC14H14O5262.08[27]
97ItortuosideC20H26O10426.40[21]
), ArticleFig(id=1322926995180499097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926982555643944, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

独活中香豆素类化学成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号类别化合物分子式分子量参考文献编号类别化合物分子式分子量参考文献
1IisomeranzineC15H16O4260.29[4]46I7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-umbelliferoneC15H16O8324.08[10]
2ImeranzinC15H16O4260.29[4]
3ⅢhydroxylomatinC14H14O5262.08[4-5]47I7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-
β-D-glucopyranosyl-umbelliferone
C20H24O12456.13[10]
4ⅡoxypeucedanineC16H14O5286.28[4]
5ⅡcolumbianadinC19H20O5328.36[4]48ⅡcolumbianinC26H34O14570.19[11]
6ⅡcolumbianetinC14H14O4246.26[6]49Ⅱtert-O-β-D-glucopy-ranosyl-
(R)-byakangelicin
C23H28O12496.16[11]
7Ⅱcolumbianetin acetateC16H16O5288.30[6]
8Ⅱβ-D-glucosyl-columbianetinC20H24O9408.14[6]50Ⅱsec-O-β-D-glucopy-ranosyl-
(R)-byakangelicin
C23H28O12496.16[11]
9IpeucedanolC14H16O5264.10[6]
10ⅡangelidiolC14H14O5262.08[6]51Ⅱcolumbianetin propionateC17H18O5302.11[12]
11ⅡangelmarinC23H20O6392.13[6]52ⅡdihydrocolumbianadinC19H22O5330.15[12]
12ⅡpabulenolC16H14O5286.08[6]53Iangelol A dehydrationC20H22O6358.14[12]
13ⅡimperatorinC16H14O4270.09[6]54Iisoangelol dehydrationC20H22O6358.14[12]
14ⅡcnidilinC17H16O5300.10[6]55Ianpubesol dehydrationC20H24O6360.16[12]
15ⅡbyakangelicinC17H18O7334.10[6]56Iangelol C dehydrationC20H24O6360.16[12]
16ⅡneobyakangelicolC17H16O6316.09[6]57IostholeC15H16O3244.29[13]
17ⅡisopimpinellinC13H10O5246.22[6]58Iglabra-lactoneC16H16O5288.10[14]
18IulopterolC15H18O5278.12[6]59IangelinC20H22O5342.15[14]
19IosthenolC14H14O3230.26[6]60I8-(3-hydroxy-isovaleryl)-5,7-dimethoxycoumarinC16H18O6306.11[14]
20ⅡnodakenetinC14H14O4246.09[6]
21ⅡisobergaptenC12H8O4216.04[7]61IcoumurrayinC16H18O4274.12[6, 14]
22ⅡisopsoralenC11H6O3186.03[7]62I7-methoxy-8-senecioylcoumarinC15H14O4258.09[14]
23Iangelol AC20H24O7376.15[6]63IumbellipreninC24H30O3366.22[14]
24ⅡbergaptenC12H8O4216.04[7]64Ⅱsec-O-acetylbyakangelicinC19H20O8376.11[14]
25Imeranzin hydrateC15H18O5278.12[6]65ⅡferulinC17H16O6316.09[14]
26ⅢnodaketinC19H20O5328.13[6]66ⅡxanthotoxolC11H6O4202.16[15]
27ⅡangenomalinC14H12O3228.24[6-7]67I4-methyl-umbelliferyl acetateC12H10O4218.21[15]
28IumbelliferoneC9H6O3162.03[7]68I7-demethyl-dihydroangelol CC19H24O7365.16[15]
29ⅡbergaptolC11H6O4202.03[6-7]69Itrans-dehydroostholC15H14O3243.10[15]
30ⅡpsoralenC11H6O3186.03[6-7]70ⅡpimpinellinC13H10O5247.06[15]
31IscopoletinC10H8O4192.04[6]71IsuberenolC15H16O4261.11[15]
32ⅡxanthotoxinC12H8O4216.04[6-7]72ⅡoroseloneC14H10O3227.07[15]
33ⅡnodakeninC20H24O9409.15[7]73ⅡisoangenomalinC14H12O3229.09[15]
34ⅡisoimperatorinC16H14O4270.28[7]74Idehydra-angelol BC20H22O6359.15[15]
35Ⅱoxypeucedanin hydrateC16H16O6304.29[6-7]75IangelitriolC15H18O6294.11[15]
36IscoparoneC11H10O4207.07[8]76I6-[(1R, 2R)-1, 2-dihydroxy-3-β-D-glucosyloxy-3-methylbutyl]-
7-methoxycoumarin
C21H28O11456.16[16]
37IphebalosinC15H14O4259.10[8]
38ⅡtrioxsalenC14H12O3229.09[8]
39ⅢluvangetinC15H14O4259.10[8]77IangepubebisinC23H28O7416.18[17]
40IostruthinC19H22O3299.17[8]78IpeucedanolC14H16O5264.10[18]
41ⅡvaginidiolC14H14O5262.26[9]79IapiosylskimminC20H24O12456.13[18]
42ⅡisooxypeucedaninC16H14O5286.08[9]80ⅡmarmesininC20H24O9408.14[18]
43IanpubesolC20H26O7378.17[9]81Iangelol JC17H22O6322.14[18]
44IisoangelolC20H24O7376.40[9]82Iangelol GC20H24O7376.15[19]
45I6-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-
β-D-glucopyranosyl-scopoletin
C20H24O13472.12[10]83Iangelol BC20H24O7376.15[19]
84Iangelol CC20H26O7378.17[19]
85Iangelol IC20H26O7378.17[19]98Ⅱcolumbianetin-β-D-glucopyranosideC20H24O9394.13[22]
86Iangelol DC20H24O7376.15[19]99Iangelol A-3’-β-D-glucosideC26H35O12539.21[23]
87Iangelol KC20H24O7376.15[19]100ⅡheramandiolC14H14O5262.00[24]
88Iangelol LC20H26O7378.17[19]101I2’-deoxymeranzin hydrateC15H18O4262.12[25]
89IesculinC15H16O9341.09[20]102I6-formyl-7-methoxycoumarinC11H8O4204.18[26]
90IesculetinC9H6O4179.03[20]103I6-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyl)-7-methoxycoumarinC15H16O5275.09[27]
91Ⅱdecuroside VC20H24O10425.14[20]
92ⅢdecursinolC14H14O4247.10[20]104I(R)-6-(1,3-dihydroxy-3-methyl-
2-oxobutyl)-7-methoxycoumarin
C15H16O6337.09[27]
93ⅡphellopterinC17H16O5301.11[20]
94ⅡallopsoralenC11H6O3187.04[20]105Iangelol NC20H24O7421.15[27]
95ⅡangelmanetinC28H30O12558.50[21]106IthamnosmoninC15H16O5276.28[27]
96Ⅱangelmarin-4’-β-D-glucoseC30H32O12584.60[21]107ⅡhermandiolC14H14O5262.08[27]
97ItortuosideC20H26O10426.40[21]
), ArticleFig(id=1322926995272773786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926982555643944, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献
1083-methyl-butanoic acidC5H10O2102.13[28]
1092-methyl-butanoic acidC5H10O2102.13[28]
1102,2-dimethyl-3(-2-pro-penyl)-cyclopropanecar-boxylic acidC9H14O2154.21[28]
111myristoleic acidC14H26O2226.35[28]
112palmitoleic acidC16H30O2254.41[28]
113gamolenic acidC18H30O2278.43[28]
114n-hexadecanoic acidC16H32O2256.42[28]
115roughanic acidC16H26O2250.38[28]
1167,10-pentadecadiynoic acidC15H22O2234.33[28]
117angelic acidC5H8O2100.12[29]
118myristic acidC14H28O2228.37[29]
119(Z)-11-hexadecenoic acidC16H30O2254.41[29]
), ArticleFig(id=1322926995356659867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926982555643944, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

独活中酸类挥发油成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献
1083-methyl-butanoic acidC5H10O2102.13[28]
1092-methyl-butanoic acidC5H10O2102.13[28]
1102,2-dimethyl-3(-2-pro-penyl)-cyclopropanecar-boxylic acidC9H14O2154.21[28]
111myristoleic acidC14H26O2226.35[28]
112palmitoleic acidC16H30O2254.41[28]
113gamolenic acidC18H30O2278.43[28]
114n-hexadecanoic acidC16H32O2256.42[28]
115roughanic acidC16H26O2250.38[28]
1167,10-pentadecadiynoic acidC15H22O2234.33[28]
117angelic acidC5H8O2100.12[29]
118myristic acidC14H28O2228.37[29]
119(Z)-11-hexadecenoic acidC16H30O2254.41[29]
), ArticleFig(id=1322926995436351644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926982555643944, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献
120(R)-2-octanolC8H18O130.23[28]1382-(2-methoxyphenyl)pro-pan-
2-ol
C10H14O150.22[28]
121linalool oxideC10H18O2170.25[28]
1222-nonanolC9H20O144.25[30]1394-methoxybenzene-1,2-diolC7H8O3140.14[28]
1234-methyl-4-heptanolC8H18O130.23[28]140humulenolC15H24O220.35[28]
1242-methyl-5(-1-methylethyl)-
(1 α,2α,5α)-bi-cyclo[3.1.0]
hexan-2-ol
C10H18O154.25[28]141trans-methylisoeugenolC11H14O2178.23[28]
142cubenolC15H26O222.37[28]
143elemolC15H26O222.37[28]
1253-methyl-3-nonanolC10H22O158.28[28]144muurola-4,10(14)-dien-1 β-olC15H24O220.35[28]
126p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-olC10H16O152.23[28]145(E)-nuciferolC15H22O218.33[28]
127campholC10H18O154.25[28]146spathulenolC15H24O220.35[28]
128terpinen-4-olC10H18O154.25[28]147cedrenolC15H24O220.35[28]
129p-cymen-8-olC10H14O150.22[28]148β-acorenolC15H26O222.37[28]
130α-terpineolC10H18O154.25[30]14913-tetradecanolideC14H26O2226.35[28]
131myrtanolC10H16O152.23[28]1502-(diethylaminophenyl-methyl)cyclohexanolC9H17NO155.24[28]
132trans-piperitolC8H8O3152.15[28]
133trans-carveolC10H16O152.23[28]151α-bisabolol oxideC15H26O2238.37[28]
134carveolC10H16O152.23[28]1523,4′-bsopropylidenedi-phenolC15H16O2228.29[28]
135diosphenolC10H16O2168.23[28]153α-bisabololC15H26O222.37[28]
136phytolC20H40O296.53[28]154α-cis-santalolC15H24O220.35[28]
137p-cymen-7-olC10H14O150.22[28]155α-ionolC13H22O194.31[28]
156aromadendrane-4,10-diolC15H26O2238.37[28]181humulene epoxideC15H24O220.35[28]
157(+)-spathulenolC15H24O220.35[28]182trans-sesquisabinene hydrateC15H26O222.37[28]
158α-copaen-11-olC15H24O220.35[28]183ledene oxideC15H24O220.35[28]
1592-isopropyl-5-methylan-isoleC11H16O164.24[28]184trimethyl-octahydro-2hnaphtho[1, 2-b]oxireno[2,3-c]furanC15H22O2234.33[28]
160isothymol methyl etherC11H20O168.28[28]
161thymohydroquinone dimethyl etherC12H18O2194.27[28]1851-octanolC8H18O130.23[29]
162myristicinC11H12O3192.21[28]186thymolC10H14O150.22[29]
1633-methyl-phenolC7H8O108.14[28]187guaiolC15H26O222.37[29]
1642-ethyl-6-methyl-phenolC9H12O136.19[28]1883-hexanolC6H14O102.17[30]
1653-t-butylphenolC10H14O150.22[28]189nerolidolC15H26O222.37[29]
1662-methoxy-4-vinylphenolC9H10O2150.17[28]190phenol,4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-
2-methyl
C11H16O164.24[8]
167methyleugenolC11H14O2178.23[28]
168paeonalC9H10O3166.17[28]191phenolC6H6O94.11[29]
1692,4'-isopropylidenediphenoC15H16O2228.29[28]1922-decanolC10H22O158.28[29]
170biosolC10H14O150.22[28]1931-nonanolC9H20O144.25[29]
1713-methyl-6-(1-methylethyl)-2-
cyclohexen-1-ol acetate
C10H18O154.24[28]194α,α,4-trimethylbenzenemethanolC10H14O150.22[29]
195decyl alcoholC10H22O158.28[29]
1722-methoxy-1,7,7-tri-methyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptaneC11H20168.27[28]196trans-2-undecen-1-olC11H22O170.29[29]
1973-methylveratroteC9H12O2152.19[29]
1733,4-dimethoxytolueneC9H12O2152.19[28]1984-ethylveratrolC10H14O2166.22[29]
1742-methoxy-p-cymeneC11H16O164.24[28]199cis-isolimonenolC10H16O152.23[29]
1752,5-dimethoxytolueneC9H12O2152.19[28]2002-ethyl-1-hexanolC8H18O130.23[29]
1763,5-dimethoxytolueneC9H12O2152.19[28]201β-bisabololC15H26O222.37[29]
177antioxineC10H14O150.22[28]202bulnesolC15H26O222.37[29]
178elemicinC12H16O3208.25[28]203bicyclo-[3, 10]-hexan-3-olC6H10O98.14[31]
1793,9-epoxy-1 p-mentheneC10H16O152.23[28]204cedrolC15H26O222.37[31]
1802,3-dihydro-2,2,4,6-tetramethyl-benzofuranC12H16O176.25[28]205globulolC15H26O222.37[31]
206o-methylphenolC7H8O108.14[31]
), ArticleFig(id=1322926995537014941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926982555643944, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

独活中醇类或醚类挥发油成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献
120(R)-2-octanolC8H18O130.23[28]1382-(2-methoxyphenyl)pro-pan-
2-ol
C10H14O150.22[28]
121linalool oxideC10H18O2170.25[28]
1222-nonanolC9H20O144.25[30]1394-methoxybenzene-1,2-diolC7H8O3140.14[28]
1234-methyl-4-heptanolC8H18O130.23[28]140humulenolC15H24O220.35[28]
1242-methyl-5(-1-methylethyl)-
(1 α,2α,5α)-bi-cyclo[3.1.0]
hexan-2-ol
C10H18O154.25[28]141trans-methylisoeugenolC11H14O2178.23[28]
142cubenolC15H26O222.37[28]
143elemolC15H26O222.37[28]
1253-methyl-3-nonanolC10H22O158.28[28]144muurola-4,10(14)-dien-1 β-olC15H24O220.35[28]
126p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-olC10H16O152.23[28]145(E)-nuciferolC15H22O218.33[28]
127campholC10H18O154.25[28]146spathulenolC15H24O220.35[28]
128terpinen-4-olC10H18O154.25[28]147cedrenolC15H24O220.35[28]
129p-cymen-8-olC10H14O150.22[28]148β-acorenolC15H26O222.37[28]
130α-terpineolC10H18O154.25[30]14913-tetradecanolideC14H26O2226.35[28]
131myrtanolC10H16O152.23[28]1502-(diethylaminophenyl-methyl)cyclohexanolC9H17NO155.24[28]
132trans-piperitolC8H8O3152.15[28]
133trans-carveolC10H16O152.23[28]151α-bisabolol oxideC15H26O2238.37[28]
134carveolC10H16O152.23[28]1523,4′-bsopropylidenedi-phenolC15H16O2228.29[28]
135diosphenolC10H16O2168.23[28]153α-bisabololC15H26O222.37[28]
136phytolC20H40O296.53[28]154α-cis-santalolC15H24O220.35[28]
137p-cymen-7-olC10H14O150.22[28]155α-ionolC13H22O194.31[28]
156aromadendrane-4,10-diolC15H26O2238.37[28]181humulene epoxideC15H24O220.35[28]
157(+)-spathulenolC15H24O220.35[28]182trans-sesquisabinene hydrateC15H26O222.37[28]
158α-copaen-11-olC15H24O220.35[28]183ledene oxideC15H24O220.35[28]
1592-isopropyl-5-methylan-isoleC11H16O164.24[28]184trimethyl-octahydro-2hnaphtho[1, 2-b]oxireno[2,3-c]furanC15H22O2234.33[28]
160isothymol methyl etherC11H20O168.28[28]
161thymohydroquinone dimethyl etherC12H18O2194.27[28]1851-octanolC8H18O130.23[29]
162myristicinC11H12O3192.21[28]186thymolC10H14O150.22[29]
1633-methyl-phenolC7H8O108.14[28]187guaiolC15H26O222.37[29]
1642-ethyl-6-methyl-phenolC9H12O136.19[28]1883-hexanolC6H14O102.17[30]
1653-t-butylphenolC10H14O150.22[28]189nerolidolC15H26O222.37[29]
1662-methoxy-4-vinylphenolC9H10O2150.17[28]190phenol,4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-
2-methyl
C11H16O164.24[8]
167methyleugenolC11H14O2178.23[28]
168paeonalC9H10O3166.17[28]191phenolC6H6O94.11[29]
1692,4'-isopropylidenediphenoC15H16O2228.29[28]1922-decanolC10H22O158.28[29]
170biosolC10H14O150.22[28]1931-nonanolC9H20O144.25[29]
1713-methyl-6-(1-methylethyl)-2-
cyclohexen-1-ol acetate
C10H18O154.24[28]194α,α,4-trimethylbenzenemethanolC10H14O150.22[29]
195decyl alcoholC10H22O158.28[29]
1722-methoxy-1,7,7-tri-methyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptaneC11H20168.27[28]196trans-2-undecen-1-olC11H22O170.29[29]
1973-methylveratroteC9H12O2152.19[29]
1733,4-dimethoxytolueneC9H12O2152.19[28]1984-ethylveratrolC10H14O2166.22[29]
1742-methoxy-p-cymeneC11H16O164.24[28]199cis-isolimonenolC10H16O152.23[29]
1752,5-dimethoxytolueneC9H12O2152.19[28]2002-ethyl-1-hexanolC8H18O130.23[29]
1763,5-dimethoxytolueneC9H12O2152.19[28]201β-bisabololC15H26O222.37[29]
177antioxineC10H14O150.22[28]202bulnesolC15H26O222.37[29]
178elemicinC12H16O3208.25[28]203bicyclo-[3, 10]-hexan-3-olC6H10O98.14[31]
1793,9-epoxy-1 p-mentheneC10H16O152.23[28]204cedrolC15H26O222.37[31]
1802,3-dihydro-2,2,4,6-tetramethyl-benzofuranC12H16O176.25[28]205globulolC15H26O222.37[31]
206o-methylphenolC7H8O108.14[31]
), ArticleFig(id=1322926995625095326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926982555643944, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献
2073-methyl-2-butenalC5H8O84.12[28]
2082-butyn-1-aldiethyl acetalC8H14O2142.20[28]
209benzeneacetaldehydeC8H8O120.15[28]
2102-nonenalC9H16O140.22[28]
211α-thujenalC10H14O150.22[28]
212p-cumic aldehydeC10H12O148.20[28]
213phellandralC10H16O152.23[28]
2142-caren-10-alC10H14O150.22[28]
215safranalC10H14O150.22[28]
216furfuraC5H4O296.08[29]
217octanalC8H16O128.21[29]
218benzaldehydeC7H6O106.12[29]
219decanalC10H20O156.27[29]
2202,3-dihydro-2-methyl-
5-benzofurancarbaldehyde
C10H10O2162.19[29]
221(Z)-7-hexadecenalC16H30O238.41[31]
), ArticleFig(id=1322926995713175711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926982555643944, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

独活中醛类挥发油成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献
2073-methyl-2-butenalC5H8O84.12[28]
2082-butyn-1-aldiethyl acetalC8H14O2142.20[28]
209benzeneacetaldehydeC8H8O120.15[28]
2102-nonenalC9H16O140.22[28]
211α-thujenalC10H14O150.22[28]
212p-cumic aldehydeC10H12O148.20[28]
213phellandralC10H16O152.23[28]
2142-caren-10-alC10H14O150.22[28]
215safranalC10H14O150.22[28]
216furfuraC5H4O296.08[29]
217octanalC8H16O128.21[29]
218benzaldehydeC7H6O106.12[29]
219decanalC10H20O156.27[29]
2202,3-dihydro-2-methyl-
5-benzofurancarbaldehyde
C10H10O2162.19[29]
221(Z)-7-hexadecenalC16H30O238.41[31]
), ArticleFig(id=1322926995813839008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926982555643944, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献
2224-hydroxy-3,4,6-tri-methylhept-
5-enoic acid lactone
C10H16O2168.23[28]2431-tetradecyl acetateC16H32O2256.42[28]
24413-methyltetradecanoateC15H29O2-241.39[28]
223cis-verbenol,acetateC12H18O2194.27[28]245methyl hexadecanoateC17H34O2270.45[28]
224carbamic acid,p-tolyl esteC14H13NO2227.26[28]246methyl linoleateC19H34O2294.50[28]
225trans-sabinyl acetateC12H18O2194.27[28]2474-acetoxy-3-methoxysty-reneC11H12O3192.21[28]
2262-nonanol,acetateC11H22O2186.29[28]248hexahydro-3-butylphthalideC12H20O2196.28[28]
227sabinyl acetateC12H18O2194.27[28]2493-butylphthalideC12H14O2190.24[28]
228bornyl acetateC12H20O2196.29[30]250Z-butylidenephthalideC12H12O2188.22[28]
229trans-pinocarvyl acetateC12H18O2194.27[28]251hanphyllinC15H20O3248.32[28]
230pivalic acid,2-methyphenyl esterC9H18O2158.24[28]252α-santoninC15H18O3246.30[28]
231p-cresyl isovalerateC12H16O2192.25[28]2533-methylbutyl heptanoateC12H24O2200.32[29]
232cuminyl acetateC12H16O2192.25[28]254bomyl acetateC12H20O2198.99[29]
2332-methyl-butanoic acid,octyl esterC13H26O2214.34[28]255butyl acetateC6H12O2116.16[32]
234γ-decalactoneC10H18O2170.25[28]256decylacetateC12H24O2200.32[30]
235heptanoic acid,heptyl esterC14H28O2228.37[28]2579,12-octadecadienoicacid
methyl ester
C19H34O2294.47[31]
236guaiac acetateC17H28O2264.40[28]
237isovalencenyl formateC16H24O2248.36[28]258α-iononeC13H20O192.30[28]
238trans-valerenyl acetateC17H26O2262.40[28]2593-butylidene-4,5-dihy-droisobenzofuran-1(3H)-oneC12H14O2190.24[28]
239valerenyl isovalerateC20H32O2304.47[28]
240dehydrocostuslactoneC15H18O2230.30[28]260oxacycloheptadecan-2-oneC16H30O2254.41[28]
241cis-valerenyl acetateC17H26O2262.40[28]261oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-oneC16H28O2252.39[28]
242trans-sedanolideC12H18O2194.27[28]
), ArticleFig(id=1322926995893530785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926982555643944, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

独活中酯类挥发油成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献
2224-hydroxy-3,4,6-tri-methylhept-
5-enoic acid lactone
C10H16O2168.23[28]2431-tetradecyl acetateC16H32O2256.42[28]
24413-methyltetradecanoateC15H29O2-241.39[28]
223cis-verbenol,acetateC12H18O2194.27[28]245methyl hexadecanoateC17H34O2270.45[28]
224carbamic acid,p-tolyl esteC14H13NO2227.26[28]246methyl linoleateC19H34O2294.50[28]
225trans-sabinyl acetateC12H18O2194.27[28]2474-acetoxy-3-methoxysty-reneC11H12O3192.21[28]
2262-nonanol,acetateC11H22O2186.29[28]248hexahydro-3-butylphthalideC12H20O2196.28[28]
227sabinyl acetateC12H18O2194.27[28]2493-butylphthalideC12H14O2190.24[28]
228bornyl acetateC12H20O2196.29[30]250Z-butylidenephthalideC12H12O2188.22[28]
229trans-pinocarvyl acetateC12H18O2194.27[28]251hanphyllinC15H20O3248.32[28]
230pivalic acid,2-methyphenyl esterC9H18O2158.24[28]252α-santoninC15H18O3246.30[28]
231p-cresyl isovalerateC12H16O2192.25[28]2533-methylbutyl heptanoateC12H24O2200.32[29]
232cuminyl acetateC12H16O2192.25[28]254bomyl acetateC12H20O2198.99[29]
2332-methyl-butanoic acid,octyl esterC13H26O2214.34[28]255butyl acetateC6H12O2116.16[32]
234γ-decalactoneC10H18O2170.25[28]256decylacetateC12H24O2200.32[30]
235heptanoic acid,heptyl esterC14H28O2228.37[28]2579,12-octadecadienoicacid
methyl ester
C19H34O2294.47[31]
236guaiac acetateC17H28O2264.40[28]
237isovalencenyl formateC16H24O2248.36[28]258α-iononeC13H20O192.30[28]
238trans-valerenyl acetateC17H26O2262.40[28]2593-butylidene-4,5-dihy-droisobenzofuran-1(3H)-oneC12H14O2190.24[28]
239valerenyl isovalerateC20H32O2304.47[28]
240dehydrocostuslactoneC15H18O2230.30[28]260oxacycloheptadecan-2-oneC16H30O2254.41[28]
241cis-valerenyl acetateC17H26O2262.40[28]261oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-oneC16H28O2252.39[28]
242trans-sedanolideC12H18O2194.27[28]
), ArticleFig(id=1322926995977416866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926982555643944, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献
2626-methyl-5-hepten-2-oneC8H14O126.20[28]268sabinoneC10H14O150.22[28]
2632-acetyl-cyclohexanoneC8H12O2140.18[28]269thujoneC10H16O152.23[28]
2641,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]
hept-5-en-2-one
C10H14O150.22[28]270berbenoneC10H14O150.22[28]
271carvotanacetoneC10H16O152.23[28]
265camphorC10H16O152.23[28]2724-hydroxy-3-methylaceto-phenoneC9H10O2150.17[28]
2662-decanoneC10H20O156.27[28]
267carvenoneC10H16O152.23[28]2736-methyl-2-chromanoneC10H10O2162.19[28]
275taylorioneC15H22O218.33[28]2843-methylacetophenoneC9H10O134.18[29]
2762-hydroxy-cyclopen-tadecanoneC15H28O2240.38[28]285acorenoneC15H24O220.35[29]
277procerinC15H18O2230.30[28]2863,4-bis(methylene)-cyclopentanoneC7H8O108.14[29]
278p-acetyltolueneC9H10O134.18[28]
2794-hydroxy-3-methylacetophenoneC9H10O2150.17[29]2874-acetyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexeneC9H14O138.21[29]
2803,4-dimethyl-3-penten-2-oneC7H12O112.17[29]
2812-nonanoneC9H18O142.24[29]2884-heptanoneC7H14O114.19[32]
282(1 S,4S)-5,5-dimethyl-6-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-oneC10H14O150.22[29]2896-camphenoneC10H14O150.22[31]
), ArticleFig(id=1322926996069691555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926982555643944, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

独活中酮类挥发油成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献
2626-methyl-5-hepten-2-oneC8H14O126.20[28]268sabinoneC10H14O150.22[28]
2632-acetyl-cyclohexanoneC8H12O2140.18[28]269thujoneC10H16O152.23[28]
2641,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]
hept-5-en-2-one
C10H14O150.22[28]270berbenoneC10H14O150.22[28]
271carvotanacetoneC10H16O152.23[28]
265camphorC10H16O152.23[28]2724-hydroxy-3-methylaceto-phenoneC9H10O2150.17[28]
2662-decanoneC10H20O156.27[28]
267carvenoneC10H16O152.23[28]2736-methyl-2-chromanoneC10H10O2162.19[28]
275taylorioneC15H22O218.33[28]2843-methylacetophenoneC9H10O134.18[29]
2762-hydroxy-cyclopen-tadecanoneC15H28O2240.38[28]285acorenoneC15H24O220.35[29]
277procerinC15H18O2230.30[28]2863,4-bis(methylene)-cyclopentanoneC7H8O108.14[29]
278p-acetyltolueneC9H10O134.18[28]
2794-hydroxy-3-methylacetophenoneC9H10O2150.17[29]2874-acetyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexeneC9H14O138.21[29]
2803,4-dimethyl-3-penten-2-oneC7H12O112.17[29]
2812-nonanoneC9H18O142.24[29]2884-heptanoneC7H14O114.19[32]
282(1 S,4S)-5,5-dimethyl-6-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-oneC10H14O150.22[29]2896-camphenoneC10H14O150.22[31]
), ArticleFig(id=1322926996166160548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926982555643944, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献
290α-pineneC10H16136.23[30]331β-curcumeneC15H24204.35[28]
291campheneC10H16136.23[30]332cupareneC15H22202.33[28]
2923-methylnonaneC10H22142.28[30]333α-cupreneneC15H24204.35[28]
293sabineneC10H16136.23[30]334β-sesquiphellandreneC15H24204.35[30]
294β-pineneC10H16136.23[30]335β-cadineneC15H24204.35[28]
295β-myrceneC10H16136.23[30]336γ-bisaboleneC15H24204.35[28]
296α-phellandreneC10H16136.23[30]337dauca-4(11),8-dieneC15H24204.35[28]
2973-careneC10H16136.23[30]338α-bisaboleneC15H24204.35[21]
2984-careneC10H16136.23[28]3394-α-acoradieneC15H24204.35[28]
299p-cymeneC10H14134.22[28]3404,8,8-trimethyl-2-methylene-4-
vinybicyclo[5.2.0]nonane
C15H24204.35[28]
300β-phellandreneC10H16136.23[28]
301γ-terpineneC10H16136.23[28]341γ-muuroleneC15H24204.35[28]
3022-methyl-1-methylene-3-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclo-pentaneC10H16136.23[28]342italiceneC15H24204.35[28]
343cedreneC15H24204.35[28]
303p-cymeneneC10H12132.20[28]344α-cedreneC15H24204.35[28]
3041-methyltricyclo[2.2.1.0(2, 6)]heptaneC8H12108.18[28]345α-elemeneC15H24204.35[21]
346β-guaieneC15H24204.35[28]
305(E)-5-undecene,7-meth-ylC12H24168.32[28]347β-himachaleneC15H24204.35[28]
306trans-1,4-dimethylcy-clooctaneC10H20140.27[28]348α-himachaleneC15H24204.35[28]
307cyclosativeneC15H24204.35[28]349silphiperfola-4,7(14)-dieneC15H22202.33[28]
308dauceneC15H24204.35[28]3501,7-di-iso-propylnaph-thaleneC16H20212.33[28]
309β-elemeneC15H24204.35[21]351eremophileneC15H24204.35[33]
310sesquithujeneC15H24204.35[28]3521-methyl-2-(3-methylpentyl)cyclopropaneC10H20140.27[33]
311(-)-α-cedreneC15H24204.35[28]
312β-cunebeneC15H24204.35[28]353acenaphthyleneC12H8152.19[33]
313α-funebreneC15H24204.35[8]354d-limoneneC10H16136.23[33]
314alloaromadendreneC15H24204.35[28]355o-cymeneC10H14134.22[33]
315himachala-2,4-dieneC15H24204.35[28]356nonaneC9H20128.26[30]
316cis-α-bergamoteneC15H24204.35[21]357eudesma-4(14),11-dieneC15H24204.35[30]
317sesquisabineneC15H24204.35[28]358m-cymeneC10H14134.22[30]
318aristoleneC15H24204.35[28]3591-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadieneC7H1094.15[30]
319β-fameseneC15H24204.35[28]3604-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-
bicyclo[3, 1, 0]hex-2-ene
C10H14134.22[30]
320β-barbateneC15H24204.35[28]
321humuleneC15H24204.35[21]3611,3,3-Trimethyl-tricyclo[2.2.1.02, 6]heptaneC10H16136.23[30]
3228-methyl-1-deceneC11H22154.29[28]
323aristolocheneC15H24204.35[28]362cyclohexeneC6H1082.14[31]
324isoitaliceneC15H24204.35[28]363benzene-1-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)C10H14134.22[31]
325α-curcumeneC15H22202.33[28]3643,6-dimethyloctaneC10H22142.28[31]
326β-selineneC15H24204.35[28]3659-methyl-1-undeceneC12H24168.32[31]
327cis-α-bisaboleneC15H24204.35[28]36610-methyl-1-undeceneC12H24168.32[31]
328α-selineneC15H24204.35[30]367pentylbenzeneC11H16148.24[31]
329isodauceneC15H24204.35[28]368tolueneC7H892.14[31]
330β-bisaboleneC15H24204.35[21]369zingibereneC15H24204.35[31]
), ArticleFig(id=1322926996262629541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926982555643944, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

独活中简单碳氢化合物类挥发油成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献
290α-pineneC10H16136.23[30]331β-curcumeneC15H24204.35[28]
291campheneC10H16136.23[30]332cupareneC15H22202.33[28]
2923-methylnonaneC10H22142.28[30]333α-cupreneneC15H24204.35[28]
293sabineneC10H16136.23[30]334β-sesquiphellandreneC15H24204.35[30]
294β-pineneC10H16136.23[30]335β-cadineneC15H24204.35[28]
295β-myrceneC10H16136.23[30]336γ-bisaboleneC15H24204.35[28]
296α-phellandreneC10H16136.23[30]337dauca-4(11),8-dieneC15H24204.35[28]
2973-careneC10H16136.23[30]338α-bisaboleneC15H24204.35[21]
2984-careneC10H16136.23[28]3394-α-acoradieneC15H24204.35[28]
299p-cymeneC10H14134.22[28]3404,8,8-trimethyl-2-methylene-4-
vinybicyclo[5.2.0]nonane
C15H24204.35[28]
300β-phellandreneC10H16136.23[28]
301γ-terpineneC10H16136.23[28]341γ-muuroleneC15H24204.35[28]
3022-methyl-1-methylene-3-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclo-pentaneC10H16136.23[28]342italiceneC15H24204.35[28]
343cedreneC15H24204.35[28]
303p-cymeneneC10H12132.20[28]344α-cedreneC15H24204.35[28]
3041-methyltricyclo[2.2.1.0(2, 6)]heptaneC8H12108.18[28]345α-elemeneC15H24204.35[21]
346β-guaieneC15H24204.35[28]
305(E)-5-undecene,7-meth-ylC12H24168.32[28]347β-himachaleneC15H24204.35[28]
306trans-1,4-dimethylcy-clooctaneC10H20140.27[28]348α-himachaleneC15H24204.35[28]
307cyclosativeneC15H24204.35[28]349silphiperfola-4,7(14)-dieneC15H22202.33[28]
308dauceneC15H24204.35[28]3501,7-di-iso-propylnaph-thaleneC16H20212.33[28]
309β-elemeneC15H24204.35[21]351eremophileneC15H24204.35[33]
310sesquithujeneC15H24204.35[28]3521-methyl-2-(3-methylpentyl)cyclopropaneC10H20140.27[33]
311(-)-α-cedreneC15H24204.35[28]
312β-cunebeneC15H24204.35[28]353acenaphthyleneC12H8152.19[33]
313α-funebreneC15H24204.35[8]354d-limoneneC10H16136.23[33]
314alloaromadendreneC15H24204.35[28]355o-cymeneC10H14134.22[33]
315himachala-2,4-dieneC15H24204.35[28]356nonaneC9H20128.26[30]
316cis-α-bergamoteneC15H24204.35[21]357eudesma-4(14),11-dieneC15H24204.35[30]
317sesquisabineneC15H24204.35[28]358m-cymeneC10H14134.22[30]
318aristoleneC15H24204.35[28]3591-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadieneC7H1094.15[30]
319β-fameseneC15H24204.35[28]3604-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-
bicyclo[3, 1, 0]hex-2-ene
C10H14134.22[30]
320β-barbateneC15H24204.35[28]
321humuleneC15H24204.35[21]3611,3,3-Trimethyl-tricyclo[2.2.1.02, 6]heptaneC10H16136.23[30]
3228-methyl-1-deceneC11H22154.29[28]
323aristolocheneC15H24204.35[28]362cyclohexeneC6H1082.14[31]
324isoitaliceneC15H24204.35[28]363benzene-1-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)C10H14134.22[31]
325α-curcumeneC15H22202.33[28]3643,6-dimethyloctaneC10H22142.28[31]
326β-selineneC15H24204.35[28]3659-methyl-1-undeceneC12H24168.32[31]
327cis-α-bisaboleneC15H24204.35[28]36610-methyl-1-undeceneC12H24168.32[31]
328α-selineneC15H24204.35[30]367pentylbenzeneC11H16148.24[31]
329isodauceneC15H24204.35[28]368tolueneC7H892.14[31]
330β-bisaboleneC15H24204.35[21]369zingibereneC15H24204.35[31]
), ArticleFig(id=1322926996354904230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926982555643944, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献
370ligustiphenolC15H21O4265.32[4]3942-hydroxy-4-methylacetophenonC9H10O2150.07[36]
371methyl linoleateC19H34O2294.47[4]
372(11 S,16S,9Z)-9,17-octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,
16-triol
C18H26O3290.40[4]395stigmasterolC29H48O412.38[36]
396β-sitosterolC29H50O414.39[36]
397stearic acidC18H36O2284.27[36]
373(11 S,16S,9Z)-9,17-octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,
16-triol,1-acetate
C18H26O3290.40[4]398ferulic acidC10H10O4194.06[37]
399isochlorogenic acid BC25H24O12516.45[37]
400isochlorogenic acid AC25H24O12516.45[37]
374(+)-visamminolC15H16O5276.28[4]401isochlorogenic acid CC25H24O12516.45[37]
375decursidateC18H18O6330.33[4]402falcarindiolC17H24O2260.18[38]
376sucroseC12H22O11342.11[13]40311(S),16(R)-dihydroxy-octadeca-9Z,17-dien-12,14-
diyn-1-yl acetate
C20H28O4332.20[38]
377bisabolangeloneC15H20O3248.14[15]
378angepubefurinC19H30O4322.21[17]
379daucosterolC35H60O6576.44[18]4043-O-caffeoylquinic acidC16H18O9354.31[39]
380adenosineC10H13N5O4267.10[18]4055-O-caffeoylquinic acidC16H18O9354.31[39]
3812,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1 H-pyrido[3, 4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acidC12H12N2O2216.09[18]4061,5-dicaffeoylquinic acidC5H24O12516.45[40]
407angesesquid AC15H22O5280.17[41]
408angesesquid BC15H22O5280.17[41]
382uridineC9H12N2O6244.07[34]409vanillic acidC8H8O4168.15[23]
383gallic acidC7H6O5169.01[20]4104-dicaffeoylquinic acidC16H18O9354.31[42]
3843,5-dihydroxybenzoic acidC7H6O4153.02[20]411rutinC27H30O16610.15[43]
385caffeic acidC9H8O4180.04[21]412γ-aminobutyric acidC4H9NO2103.06[44]
386uracilC4H4N2O2112.09[21]413angepubesin AC15H21O4265.14[45]
3871-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-
lH-1,2,4-tri
C7H11N3O4201.18[21]414angepubesin BC15H23O4267.16[45]
415angepubesin CC15H20O4287.13[45]
3883-acetyl-1 H-pyrrolineC6H7NO109.13[28]416angepubesin DC15H20O4287.13[45]
389musk ambretteC12H16N2O5268.27[28]417angepubesin EC15H20O4287.13[45]
3903-O-trans-feruloylquinic acidC17H20O9368.11[30]418angepubesin FC15H20O4287.13[45]
3913-O-trans-coumaroylquinic acidC16H18O8338.10[30]419(4R,6S)-4-hydroxypiperitoneC10H18O2170.25[45]
392isoferulic acidC10H10O4194.06[30]420(4S,6S)-4-hydroxypiperitoneC10H18O2170.25[45]
393linoleic acidC18H32O2280.24[35]
), ArticleFig(id=1322926996459761831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926982555643944, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

独活中其他类化合物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献编号化合物分子式分子量参考文献
370ligustiphenolC15H21O4265.32[4]3942-hydroxy-4-methylacetophenonC9H10O2150.07[36]
371methyl linoleateC19H34O2294.47[4]
372(11 S,16S,9Z)-9,17-octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,
16-triol
C18H26O3290.40[4]395stigmasterolC29H48O412.38[36]
396β-sitosterolC29H50O414.39[36]
397stearic acidC18H36O2284.27[36]
373(11 S,16S,9Z)-9,17-octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,
16-triol,1-acetate
C18H26O3290.40[4]398ferulic acidC10H10O4194.06[37]
399isochlorogenic acid BC25H24O12516.45[37]
400isochlorogenic acid AC25H24O12516.45[37]
374(+)-visamminolC15H16O5276.28[4]401isochlorogenic acid CC25H24O12516.45[37]
375decursidateC18H18O6330.33[4]402falcarindiolC17H24O2260.18[38]
376sucroseC12H22O11342.11[13]40311(S),16(R)-dihydroxy-octadeca-9Z,17-dien-12,14-
diyn-1-yl acetate
C20H28O4332.20[38]
377bisabolangeloneC15H20O3248.14[15]
378angepubefurinC19H30O4322.21[17]
379daucosterolC35H60O6576.44[18]4043-O-caffeoylquinic acidC16H18O9354.31[39]
380adenosineC10H13N5O4267.10[18]4055-O-caffeoylquinic acidC16H18O9354.31[39]
3812,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1 H-pyrido[3, 4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acidC12H12N2O2216.09[18]4061,5-dicaffeoylquinic acidC5H24O12516.45[40]
407angesesquid AC15H22O5280.17[41]
408angesesquid BC15H22O5280.17[41]
382uridineC9H12N2O6244.07[34]409vanillic acidC8H8O4168.15[23]
383gallic acidC7H6O5169.01[20]4104-dicaffeoylquinic acidC16H18O9354.31[42]
3843,5-dihydroxybenzoic acidC7H6O4153.02[20]411rutinC27H30O16610.15[43]
385caffeic acidC9H8O4180.04[21]412γ-aminobutyric acidC4H9NO2103.06[44]
386uracilC4H4N2O2112.09[21]413angepubesin AC15H21O4265.14[45]
3871-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-
lH-1,2,4-tri
C7H11N3O4201.18[21]414angepubesin BC15H23O4267.16[45]
415angepubesin CC15H20O4287.13[45]
3883-acetyl-1 H-pyrrolineC6H7NO109.13[28]416angepubesin DC15H20O4287.13[45]
389musk ambretteC12H16N2O5268.27[28]417angepubesin EC15H20O4287.13[45]
3903-O-trans-feruloylquinic acidC17H20O9368.11[30]418angepubesin FC15H20O4287.13[45]
3913-O-trans-coumaroylquinic acidC16H18O8338.10[30]419(4R,6S)-4-hydroxypiperitoneC10H18O2170.25[45]
392isoferulic acidC10H10O4194.06[30]420(4S,6S)-4-hydroxypiperitoneC10H18O2170.25[45]
393linoleic acidC18H32O2280.24[35]
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独活化学成分及药理作用研究进展
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白翠慧 1, 2 , 侯国栋 1, 2 , 关永霞 3 , 郝新宇 4 , 李慧芬 1 , 杜玉洁 1 , 刘青芝 1 , 郭东晓 2, 3
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(10): 129-144
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (10) : 129 -144
独活化学成分及药理作用研究进展
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白翠慧1, 2, 侯国栋1, 2, 关永霞3, 郝新宇4, 李慧芬1, 杜玉洁1, 刘青芝1 , 郭东晓2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.山东中医药大学,山东 济南 250355
  • 2.山东省食品药品检验研究院,中药标准创新与质量评价山东省工程研究中心,中药配方颗粒共性技术山东省工程研究中心,国家药监局胶类产品质量评价重点实验室,山东 济南 250101
  • 3.经方与现代中药融合创新全国重点实验室,山东 临沂 276006
  • 4.山东大学口腔医院,口腔生物材料与组织再生山东省工程研究中心,山东 济南 250012
通讯作者:
刘青芝(1985-),女,山东滨州人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,硕士,研究方向:制药工程及药品质量控制。E-mail:。
郭东晓(1984-),男,山东淄博人,主任药师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中药、保健食品和化妆品质量评价。Email:。
作者简介:

白翠慧(1998-),女,山东菏泽人,硕士在读,研究方向:药物分析学。

Research Progress on Chemical Compositions and Pharmacological Activities of Duhuo(Angelica Pubescentis Radix)
Cuihui BAI1, 2, Guodong HOU1, 2, Yongxia GUAN3, Xinyu HAO4, Huifen LI1, Yujie DU1, Qingzhi LIU1 , Dongxiao GUO2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250355,Shandong,China
  • 2.Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control,Shandong Engineering Research Center for Standard Innovation and Quality Evaluation of TCM,Shangdong Engineering Research Center for Generic Technologies of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Gelatin Products,Jinan 250101,Shandong,China
  • 3.State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine,Linyi276006,Shandong,China
  • 4.Stomatological Hospital of Shandong University,Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration,Jinan 250012,Shandong,China
出版时间: 2025-10-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.10.026
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独活(Angelica Pubescentis Radix)为伞形科植物重齿毛当归的干燥根,主要分布于我国四川、湖北等地,具有祛风除湿、通痹止痛等功效。目前,已经从独活中鉴定了420种化学成分,主要为香豆素类(107种)和挥发油类(262种)。现代药理学研究表明,独活具有镇痛抗炎、血管保护、抗氧化、中枢调节、抗肿瘤等多种生物活性。系统综述了独活主要化学成分的种类、结构及药理作用,为独活的质量控制、生物活性和开发利用等研究提供参考。

独活  /  香豆素  /  挥发油  /  镇痛抗炎  /  抗肿瘤

Duhuo(Angelica Pubescentis Radix)is the dried root of Duhuo(Angelica pubescens Maxim.f.biserrata Shan et Yuan),which is mainly distributed in Sichuan and Hubei of China,with the effects of expelling wind and removing dampness,unblocking obstruction and relieving pain in traditional Chinese medicine.A total of 420 chemical compositions have been identified from Duhuo(Angelica Pubescentis Radix),mainly including coumarins(107)and volatile oils(262).Modern pharmacological studies show that Duhuo(Angelica Pubescentis Radix)exhibits a variety of biological activities such as analgesic effect,anti-inflammation,vascular protection,antioxidant effect,central regulation and anti-tumor effect.In this paper,the types,structures and pharmacological effects of the main chemical components of Duhuo(Angelica Pubescentis Radix)were systematically reviewed,which provided a reference for the research on quality control,biological activity,development and utilization.

Duhuo(Angelica Pubescentis Radix)  /  coumarins  /  volatile oils  /  analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect  /  antitumor effect
白翠慧, 侯国栋, 关永霞, 郝新宇, 李慧芬, 杜玉洁, 刘青芝, 郭东晓. 独活化学成分及药理作用研究进展. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (10) : 129 -144 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.10.026
Cuihui BAI, Guodong HOU, Yongxia GUAN, Xinyu HAO, Huifen LI, Yujie DU, Qingzhi LIU, Dongxiao GUO. Research Progress on Chemical Compositions and Pharmacological Activities of Duhuo(Angelica Pubescentis Radix)[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (10) : 129 -144 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.10.026
独活(Angelica pubescentis radix)别名香独活、肉独活等,为伞形科植物重齿毛当归(Angelica pubescens Maxim.f.biserrata Shan et Yuan)的干燥根,药材呈圆柱形,有特异香气,其味苦辛、微温,归肾、膀胱经[1]。独活始载于《神农本草经》,列为上品,具有祛风除湿、通痹止痛的功效,常用于风寒湿痹、腰膝疼痛、少阴伏风头痛等证[2]。独活主要分布在我国安徽、浙江、江西、湖北、四川等地[1,3],其化学成分较为多样,香豆素类、挥发油类为主要成分。现代药理研究表明,独活具有镇痛抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤等药理作用。本文系统综述了独活中主要化学成分的种类、结构及药理作用,为其开发利用提供了参考。
据目前国内外研究报道,独活主要含香豆素类、挥发油类两大类成分,还含糖类、多烯烃、有机酸、植物甾醇等。经查阅文献,发现已提取分离得到420种,其中以香豆素类、挥发油类为主,如插页ⅩⅩ图1所示。
香豆素类化合物是独活的主要活性成分之一,《中华人民共和国药典》即以蛇床子素(angelitriol,75)和二氢欧山芹醇当归酸酯(columbianetin,6)两种香豆素作为独活药材和饮片的质量控制指标。
香豆素类化合物的基本母核为苯骈α-吡喃酮,根据取代基和连接方式的不同可分为简单香豆素(Ⅰ型)、呋喃香豆素(Ⅱ型)和吡喃香豆素(Ⅲ型)。目前已分离鉴定出107个香豆素类化合物,其中I型共有56个,Ⅱ型共有47个、Ⅲ型共有4个。相应化合物见表1,结构见图2-图4。
挥发油(volatile oils)又称精油,具有挥发性,可随水蒸气蒸馏且与水不相混溶的油状液体的总称。目前,常见的挥发油萃取方法有水蒸气蒸馏法、顶空液相微萃取、顶空固相微萃取和超临界流体萃取等[1]。目前,已在独活中提取分离得到262种挥发油类成分,包括酯类、醇类、酚类、简单碳氢化合物等[22]。此类化合物多有抗炎、镇痛等功效。
从独活中提取的酸类挥发油有12种,多为长链脂肪酸,相应化合物见表2,结构见图5。
从独活中提取的醇类和醚类挥发油有87种,相应化合物见表3,结构见图6。
醛类是羰基碳与氢和烃基相连的化合物,在独活中鉴定出15种,相应化合物见表4,结构见图7。
酯类是由无机酸或有机酸与醇进行酯化反应缩去水而成,相应化合物见表5,结构见图8。
根据分子中烃基的不同,可分为脂肪酮(262、266、280、281、288)、脂环酮(263~265、267~271、273~277、282~283、285~287、289)和芳香酮(272、278、279、284)等。相应化合物见表6,结构见图9。
独活中分离得到的简单碳氢化合物类挥发油有80种,相应化合物见表7,结构见图10。
除以上成分外,独活中还含有一些其他类型的化学成分,主要有阿魏酸(ferulic acid,398)、3-O-反式阿魏酰基奎宁酸(3-O-trans-feruloylquinic acid,390)、3-O-反式香豆酰基奎宁酸(3-O-trans-coumaroylquinic acid,391)等简单苯丙酸类,以及胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,379)、豆甾醇(stigmasterol,395)、β-谷固醇(β-sitosterol,396)等植物甾醇类,还有糖类和一些其他成分。相应化合物见表8,结构见图11。
据《神农本草经》《中华人民共和国药典》等记载,独活具有祛风除湿、散寒止痛等功效,可用于治疗风寒湿痹、腰膝疼痛、头痛齿痛等。随着现代药学技术方法的研究发现独活的药理作用主要有镇痛抗炎、心血管保护、抗氧化、中枢调节、抗肿瘤等多种作用。
独活中结构多样的香豆素类成分具有较好的镇痛抗炎作用。CHEN Y等[36]通过后爪水肿试验、腹腔毛细血管通透性实验、皮肤窗实验发现提取分离得到的香豆素类成分columbianadin(5)、columbianetin acetate(7)、bergapten(24)、umbelliferone(28)表现出抗炎和镇痛活性,osthole(57)和xanthotoxin(32)只有抗炎活性,而isoimperatorin(34)仅表现出镇痛作用。肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平的降低能够减弱瞬时受体电位阳离子通道1(TRPV1)和蛋白激酶RNA样内质网激酶(pERK)的表达,从而产生镇痛作用。LI R L等[46]通过小鼠神经损伤模型,研究发现独活中香豆素成分osthole(57)和columbianadin(5)可能通过降低TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6发挥镇痛作用。
独活中的挥发油类成分也有明确的镇痛抗炎活性。FAN L等[47]以吗啡注射液为阳性对照,采用醋酸致小鼠扭体法与热板法观察独活总挥发油对小鼠的镇痛作用。结果表明,高剂量组可显著减少小鼠扭动次数(P<0.05,镇痛率可达76.8%),但对热板所致小鼠疼痛无明显抑制作用,与对照组结果相接近;此外,通过大鼠足肿胀实验观察抗炎作用,低剂量和高剂量组均对足部肿胀有较好的抗炎作用,其机制可能与抑制炎症介质5-羟色胺(5-HT)的释放有关。SUN W等[48]研究N-酰基乙醇胺水解酸酰胺酶(NAAA)的水解活性及其对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7炎症反应模型的抗炎作用,发现独活挥发油的抗炎作用是通过抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞中NAAA的水解活性来介导的,从而提高N-棕榈酰乙醇胺(PEA)水平,进而下调RAW264.7细胞中TNF-α、诱导性一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和IL-6 mRNA的表达,抑制TNF-α和一氧化氮(NO)的释放,发挥抗炎作用。
前列腺素(PGs)是一种与炎症紧密相关的重要介质,而环氧化酶(COX)是PGs产生的关键酶。QIU J B等[33]的研究发现,独活乙醇提取物对环氧合酶-1(COX-1)和环氧合酶-2(COX-2)有不同程度的抑制作用。剂量相同时,独活对COX-2的抑制率大于COX-1,这也可能是独活的抗炎镇痛机制之一。孙东东等[34]使用了3种经典的抗炎模型和2种镇痛模型评价了独活醇提取物的抗炎和镇痛活性,发现独活乙醇提取物在镇痛抗炎方面效果较好。
独活可通过抑制血小板的聚集从而达到对心血管系统的保护作用。LI R Z等[49]通过对体外二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导的大鼠血小板聚集实验评估其作用,在浓度为1 mg/mL时,从独活中获得的8种香豆素(5-7、24、32、34、57、98)均具有明显的血小板聚集抑制活性,进而保护心血管系统。
YAO L等[50]使用力-电转换器检测了化合物57对分离的动脉环的松弛作用,结果表明其对收缩的肺动脉环具有剂量依赖性松弛活性,这种作用可通过内皮剥脱和内皮一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)抑制而减弱,证明其松弛作用依赖于内皮完整性和NO产生,并由内皮PI3K/AKT-eNOS-NO途径介导。CAO Y J等[51]采用高血压二肾一夹(2K,1C)模型研究了独活中imperatorin(13)的降压作用,发现该成分降血压作用显著。
独活中结构多样的多酚类成分具有较强的抗氧化作用,通过抑制自由基的活性从而防止细胞损伤,延缓衰老。羟基是香豆素类成分发挥抗氧化作用的关键基团,羟基的取代位置、数量对抗氧化活性有显著影响,scopoletin(31)与esculetin(90)相比,甲氧基取代的化合物31在清除自由基方面活性较差,而化合物90自由基邻醌形式的共振结构导致其活性较强[52]。PRAHADEESH N等[53]采用标准抗氧化能力(FRAP)测定法和过氧化氢测定法测定了香豆素、4-羟基香豆素、化合物28和7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的抗氧化活性,对比后发现香豆素类结构中7位羟基可将过氧化物清除率提高3倍以上,4位增加甲基会降低过氧化物清除能力。
超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和自由基代谢产物丙二醛(MDA)含量是检测抗氧化的两个重要指标。胡昱等[54]通过H2O2致SH-SY5Y(人骨髓神经母细胞瘤细胞株)细胞损伤实验发现,独活不同提取物均能显著提高H2O2所致损伤的SHSY5Y细胞中SOD活性,有效减少MDA含量。
p38蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)的激活是缺血低灌注损伤引起神经元凋亡的重要信号转导通路之一,可通过调节B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)、兔抗人单克隆抗体(Bax)和胱天蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)的表达影响细胞凋亡。独活可通过抑制痴呆模型大鼠脑中p38MAPK的表达,提高Bcl-2/Bax比值,从而抑制痴呆大鼠神经细胞的凋亡[55-56]。
JIAO Y等[57]用APP/PS1双转基因阿尔茨海默模型小鼠,采用HE染色、尼氏染色检测独活总香豆素对阿尔茨海默模型小鼠脑内椎体细胞和尼氏体的影响,用免疫荧光组织化学法观察脑内神经元的变化,并采用Hoechst33258染色观察神经细胞凋亡。在独活总香豆素提取物浓度为14.4 mg/kg时,神经丝蛋白表达增强,神经细胞凋亡减少,显著保护APP/PS1双转基因小鼠免受神经损伤。CHOI G等[58]研究发现,香豆素类成分28可以通过N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)和α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑丙酸(AMPA)受体调节胆碱能信号和突触可塑性,来改善东莨菪碱(SCOP)诱导的认知障碍小鼠学习和记忆能力,其作用机制是抑制SCOP减少乙酰胆碱的合成,从而保护神经系统。
YAN Y等[59]评估了化合物57对过氧化氢(H2 O2)诱导的损伤骨髓源性神经干细胞(BM-NSC)的保护作用。结果表明,化合物57可以增加大鼠磷酸化AKT蛋白(p-AKT)和胞内磷脂酰肌醇激酶(PI3K),保护BM-NSCs免受氧化应激损伤,改善神经退行性疾病的炎症环境,从而提高移植神经干细胞NSCs的存活率。
独活中的香豆素类成分具有较好的抗肿瘤活性,对胃癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、卵巢癌、肾癌等多种癌症细胞有效[60]。
林黎等[61]通过体外细胞实验,采用MTT法检测不同浓度独活醇提物及化合物57的细胞毒性,发现独活醇提物对人胃癌细胞MKN-45、BGC-823、人肺癌细胞A459、人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7及人结肠癌细胞LOVO的抑制作用较弱,而化合物57的抑制作用较强,表明化合物57可能是独活发挥抗肿瘤活性的重要成分之一。JIANG G等[62]评价了化合物57对卵巢癌细胞的抑制作用,以正常卵细胞作对照,卵巢癌细胞的细胞活力显著降低,但对正常卵巢细胞没有影响,其机制可能与抑制周期素B1抗体(Cyclin B1)和细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶2(Cdc2)表达诱导G2/M细胞周期停滞,从而诱导细胞凋亡抑制细胞增殖有关。
PANNO M L等[63]、WANG X等[64]通过流式细胞仪检测化合物化合物24和化合物30对人乳腺癌MCF-7/ADR细胞的影响,结果表明,化合物30抑制MCF-7/ADR乳腺癌细胞增殖,化合物24诱导癌细胞凋亡。WANG X等[65]用28对人肾细胞癌(RCC)进行了研究,结果发现该成分通过PI3Kγ抑制剂的p110γ催化亚基体外调节RCC细胞相关增殖蛋白、凋亡蛋白和细胞周期控制蛋白的表达,抑制肿瘤细胞增殖诱导其凋亡,并呈剂量依赖性。YANG H B等[66]评估了化合物34对人BGC-823胃癌细胞的抗增殖和凋亡作用,其通过将细胞周期阻滞在G2/M期来显著抑制细胞增殖,并增加Bcl-2相关X蛋白基因(Bax)表达,从而减少Bcl-2表达来诱导细胞凋亡。ZHANG X等[67]发现化合物32对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞具有显著的抑制作用,并呈浓度依赖性,其作用与诱导Fas/FasL蛋白表达上调相关。
独活作为传统中药,在我国已有两千多年的应用历史,其化学成分比较丰富多样,香豆素、挥发油为其主要成分,广泛用于镇痛、抗炎、抗氧化、心血管系统保护、抗肿瘤等方面。独活寄生汤作为经典的中医传统名方,具有祛风除湿、活血通痹、补益肝肾等功效。含独活制剂荆防颗粒是目前预防和治疗感冒的一线中成药,临床上广泛应用于防治感冒、流感等呼吸系统疾病。
但是,在独活的开发利用方面还存在一些问题。首先,独活的伪品较多,如山独活、九眼独活、新疆羌活等,其外观性状和化学成分与正品独活相似,不同地区采集的独活成分也不尽相同,因而需要开展进一步的研究,开发识别独活正伪品、质量优劣及功效差异的方法。其次,目前对独活药效物质的研究尚不彻底,其中活性成分对疾病的作用机制、靶点和途径尚未科学阐明。综上,应对独活化学成分及其药理活性进一步深入研究,为其临床使用提供充足的依据。
  • 国家重点研发计划 - 中医药现代化专项(2023YFC3504100)
  • 山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(2021CXGC010511)
  • 山东省技术创新项目(202350100442)
  • 山东软科学研究会“产教融合研究智库专项”(SDRKX-01-202214)
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2025年第43卷第10期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.10.026
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-10-10
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基金
国家重点研发计划 - 中医药现代化专项(2023YFC3504100)
山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(2021CXGC010511)
山东省技术创新项目(202350100442)
山东软科学研究会“产教融合研究智库专项”(SDRKX-01-202214)
作者信息
    1.山东中医药大学,山东 济南 250355
    2.山东省食品药品检验研究院,中药标准创新与质量评价山东省工程研究中心,中药配方颗粒共性技术山东省工程研究中心,国家药监局胶类产品质量评价重点实验室,山东 济南 250101
    3.经方与现代中药融合创新全国重点实验室,山东 临沂 276006
    4.山东大学口腔医院,口腔生物材料与组织再生山东省工程研究中心,山东 济南 250012

通讯作者:

刘青芝(1985-),女,山东滨州人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,硕士,研究方向:制药工程及药品质量控制。E-mail:。
郭东晓(1984-),男,山东淄博人,主任药师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中药、保健食品和化妆品质量评价。Email:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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