Article(id=1322926622336233857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926492627378659, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.09.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339885553, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339885553, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339885553, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339885553, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322926492627378659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1757433600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339854628, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340762858, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322930302095590169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926492627378659, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322930302095590170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926492627378659, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=99, endPage=104, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322926624223670658, articleId=1322926622336233857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Study on English Translation Strategies of Cultural-loaded Terms in Theory of Five Movements and Six Qi in Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon from Perspective of Intercultural Communication, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To provide new ideas for the intercultural dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine through the study of translation strategies for cultural-loaded terms related to the five movements and six Qi in the Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon·Suwen.

Methods

Taking the cultural-loaded terms of the Five Movements and Six Qias the research object,tracing the Chinese meanings of cultural-loaded terms based on the records in Historical Records by SIMA Qian and The History of the Han Dynasty. Taking the translations of NIMaoxin,LIZhaoguo and YANG Mingshan as a reference,two types of translations were proposed:literal translation and transliteration.

Results

The foreignization translation of cultural-loaded terms in the theory of Five Movements and Six Qi preserved and reflected the characteristics of Chinese language and language style. The use of transliteration and literal translation methods to convey the content of the original text can enhance the readability and comprehensibility of the translation.

Conclusion

The translation of cultural-loaded terms in the theory of Five Movements and Six Qishould bemainly based on the strategy of foreignization,combined with various translation methods,in order to achieve intercultural dissemination and promote the wider dissemination and exchange of traditional Chinese medicine culture.

, authors=Haiou PAN1, Linlin WANG1, Yichen ZOU1, Yuetong DENG1, Rui WANG1, Hongrong CUI1, Wenjun QIAO2, Yufeng YANG1, authorsList=Haiou PAN, Linlin WANG, Yichen ZOU, Yuetong DENG, Rui WANG, Hongrong CUI, Wenjun QIAO, Yufeng YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yufeng YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322926624555020675, articleId=1322926622336233857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=跨文化传播视角下《黄帝内经》运气学说文化负载词英译策略研究, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

通过《黄帝内经·素问》中关于五运六气的文化负载词英语译文翻译策略的研究,为中医跨文化传播提供新思路。

方法

以五运六气(five movements and six Qi)的文化负载词为研究对象,以《史记·律书》《汉书·律历志》的记载为词源,追溯文化负载词的中文词义。以倪懋兴、李照国和杨明山译本为比照,提出直译和音译两种译文。

结果

运气学说文化负载词的异化翻译保存且体现了汉语特征和语言风格特色,采用音译和直译的翻译方法来传达原文的内容,可增强译文的可读性和可理解性。

结论

运气学说文化负载词的翻译应以异化翻译策略为主,多种翻译方法相结合的形式,以实现跨文化传播为目标,从而促进中医文化更广泛地传播和交流。

, authors=潘海鸥1, 王琳琳1, 邹祎晨1, 邓岳潼1, 王睿1, 崔鸿嵘1, 乔文军2, 杨宇峰1, authorsList=潘海鸥, 王琳琳, 邹祎晨, 邓岳潼, 王睿, 崔鸿嵘, 乔文军, 杨宇峰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨宇峰, authorNote=

潘海鸥(1975-),女,辽宁沈阳人,副教授,硕士,研究方向:中医英语语言学。

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨宇峰(1979-),男(回族),辽宁凌源人,教授,硕士研究生生导师,博士,研究方向:中医内科学。E-mail:。
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潘海鸥(1975-),女,辽宁沈阳人,副教授,硕士,研究方向:中医英语语言学。

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潘海鸥(1975-),女,辽宁沈阳人,副教授,硕士,研究方向:中医英语语言学。

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926622336233857, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=73, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=钟海桥, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=钟海桥. 译介学视域下《黄帝内经》文化负载词英译的文化意象研究[D]. 南昌:江西中医药大学,2022:1-73., articleTitle=译介学视域下《黄帝内经》文化负载词英译的文化意象研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322926635632177638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926622336233857, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=28, issue=10, pageStart=941, pageEnd=944, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=张璇, 施蕴中, journalName=中国中西医结合杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张璇,施蕴中. 《黄帝内经》常用文化负载词英译[J]. 中国中西医结合杂志,2008,28(10):941-944., articleTitle=《黄帝内经》常用文化负载词英译, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322926635724452327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926622336233857, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=12, issue=1, pageStart=325, pageEnd=329, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=王溪林, journalName=现代语言学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王溪林. 纽马克翻译理论视角下中医文化负载词的俄译探究[J]. 现代语言学,2024,12(1),325-329., articleTitle=纽马克翻译理论视角下中医文化负载词的俄译探究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322926635791561192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926622336233857, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=78, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=沈洁, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=沈洁. 实践哲学视域下《黄帝内经》英译批评研究[D]. 苏州:苏州大学,2022:1-78., articleTitle=实践哲学视域下《黄帝内经》英译批评研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322926635854475753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926622336233857, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=null, 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文化负载词中文词义直译音译
甲万物剖符甲而出也GerminatingJia
乙万物生轧轧也SproutingYi
丙阳道著明GrowingBing
丁万物之丁壮也ThrivingDing
戊丰楙于戊FlourishingWu
己理纪于己FructifyingJi
庚阴气庚万物MaturatingGeng
辛万物之辛生AlternatingXin
壬阳气任养万物于下也GestatingRen
癸万物可揆度EstimatingGui
), ArticleFig(id=1322926628908708283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926622336233857, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

十天干的直译和音译

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文化负载词中文词义直译音译
甲万物剖符甲而出也GerminatingJia
乙万物生轧轧也SproutingYi
丙阳道著明GrowingBing
丁万物之丁壮也ThrivingDing
戊丰楙于戊FlourishingWu
己理纪于己FructifyingJi
庚阴气庚万物MaturatingGeng
辛万物之辛生AlternatingXin
壬阳气任养万物于下也GestatingRen
癸万物可揆度EstimatingGui
), ArticleFig(id=1322926628975817148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926622336233857, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文化负载词中文词义直译音译
子万物滋于下也OccurrenceZi
丑阳气在上未降,万物厄纽未敢出也AccumulationChou
寅万物始生螾然也DevelopmentYin
卯万物茂也LuxurianceMao
辰万物之蜄也BoomChen
巳阳气之已尽也ZenithSi
午阴阳交VariationWu
未万物皆成,有滋味也RipenessWei
申阴用事,申贼万物DeclineShen
酉万物之老也SenescenceYou
戌万物尽灭DeceaseXu
亥阳气藏于下StoreHai
), ArticleFig(id=1322926629047120317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926622336233857, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

十二地支的直译和音译

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文化负载词中文词义直译音译
子万物滋于下也OccurrenceZi
丑阳气在上未降,万物厄纽未敢出也AccumulationChou
寅万物始生螾然也DevelopmentYin
卯万物茂也LuxurianceMao
辰万物之蜄也BoomChen
巳阳气之已尽也ZenithSi
午阴阳交VariationWu
未万物皆成,有滋味也RipenessWei
申阴用事,申贼万物DeclineShen
酉万物之老也SenescenceYou
戌万物尽灭DeceaseXu
亥阳气藏于下StoreHai
), ArticleFig(id=1322926629105840574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926622336233857, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文化负载词中文词义直译音译
厥阴一阴,阴之绝阴Original YinJueYin
少阴二阴,阴中之少阴Moderate YinShaoYin
太阴三阴,阴中之阴Ultimate YinTaiYin
少阳一阳,阴中之少阳Original YangShaoYang
阳明二阳,阴中之阳Moderate YangYangMing
太阳三阳,阴中之阳Ultimate YangTaiYang
), ArticleFig(id=1322926630775173567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926622336233857, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

三阴三阳的直译和音译

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文化负载词中文词义直译音译
厥阴一阴,阴之绝阴Original YinJueYin
少阴二阴,阴中之少阴Moderate YinShaoYin
太阴三阴,阴中之阴Ultimate YinTaiYin
少阳一阳,阴中之少阳Original YangShaoYang
阳明二阳,阴中之阳Moderate YangYangMing
太阳三阳,阴中之阳Ultimate YangTaiYang
), ArticleFig(id=1322926630871642560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926622336233857, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文化负载词中文词义直译音译
干作甲乙以名日,有事于天,则用日StemGan
支作子丑以名月,有事于地,则用辰BranchZhi
甲子天气始于甲,地气始于子,子甲相合Sixty-Year CycleJiaZi
五运以十干合而为木火土金水之五运Five MovementsWuYun
太过主岁的运气旺盛而有余High LevelTaiGuo
不及主岁的运气衰少而不足Low LevelBuJi
平气五运之气既非太过又非不及Normal LevelPing Qi
六气以十二支对而为风寒暑湿燥火之六气Six ClimatesSix Qi
主气地气Host Qi,Land QiZhu Qi
客气天气Guest Qi,Sky QiKe Qi
司天当三之气,通主上半年Governing the Sky,Sky Qi dominating the first half yearSiTian
在泉当终之气,通主下半年In the Spring,Sky Qi dominating the second half yearZaiQuan
天符“运气”与“司天之气”相应而符合Sky Correspondence,Stem of current year accord with Sky QiTianFu
岁会通主一年的中运之气,与岁支之气相同Year Correspondence,Stem of current year accord with Branch of current yearSuiHui
), ArticleFig(id=1322926630942945729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926622336233857, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

其他文化负载词的直译和音译

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文化负载词中文词义直译音译
干作甲乙以名日,有事于天,则用日StemGan
支作子丑以名月,有事于地,则用辰BranchZhi
甲子天气始于甲,地气始于子,子甲相合Sixty-Year CycleJiaZi
五运以十干合而为木火土金水之五运Five MovementsWuYun
太过主岁的运气旺盛而有余High LevelTaiGuo
不及主岁的运气衰少而不足Low LevelBuJi
平气五运之气既非太过又非不及Normal LevelPing Qi
六气以十二支对而为风寒暑湿燥火之六气Six ClimatesSix Qi
主气地气Host Qi,Land QiZhu Qi
客气天气Guest Qi,Sky QiKe Qi
司天当三之气,通主上半年Governing the Sky,Sky Qi dominating the first half yearSiTian
在泉当终之气,通主下半年In the Spring,Sky Qi dominating the second half yearZaiQuan
天符“运气”与“司天之气”相应而符合Sky Correspondence,Stem of current year accord with Sky QiTianFu
岁会通主一年的中运之气,与岁支之气相同Year Correspondence,Stem of current year accord with Branch of current yearSuiHui
), ArticleFig(id=1322926631018443202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926622336233857, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文化负载词倪懋兴译文李照国译文杨明山译文直译音译
甲jiaJiaThe first heavenly yearGerminatingJia
乙yiYiThe second heavenly yearSproutingYi
丙bingBingThe third heavenly yearGrowingBing
丁dingDingThe fourth heavenly yearThrivingDing
戊wuWuThe fifth heavenly yearFlourishingWu
己jiJiThe sixth heavenly yearFructifyingJi
庚gengGengThe seventh heavenly yearMaturatingGeng
辛xinXinThe eighth heavenly yearAlternatingXin
壬renRenThe ninth heavenly yearGestatingRen
癸guiGuiThe tenth heavenly yearEstimatingGui
), ArticleFig(id=1322926631089746371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926622336233857, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

十天干译文对照

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文化负载词倪懋兴译文李照国译文杨明山译文直译音译
甲jiaJiaThe first heavenly yearGerminatingJia
乙yiYiThe second heavenly yearSproutingYi
丙bingBingThe third heavenly yearGrowingBing
丁dingDingThe fourth heavenly yearThrivingDing
戊wuWuThe fifth heavenly yearFlourishingWu
己jiJiThe sixth heavenly yearFructifyingJi
庚gengGengThe seventh heavenly yearMaturatingGeng
辛xinXinThe eighth heavenly yearAlternatingXin
壬renRenThe ninth heavenly yearGestatingRen
癸guiGuiThe tenth heavenly yearEstimatingGui
), ArticleFig(id=1322926631173632452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926622336233857, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文化负载词倪懋兴译文李照国译文杨明山译文直译音译
子ziZiThe 1 st earthly yearOccurrenceZi
丑chouChouThe 2nd earthly yearAccumulationChou
寅yinYinThe 3rd earthly yearDevelopmentYin
卯maoMaoThe 4th earthly yearLuxurianceMao
辰chenChenThe 5th earthly yearBoomChen
巳siSiThe 6th earthly yearZenithSi
午wuWuThe 7th earthly yearVariationWu
未weiWeiThe 8th earthly yearRipenessWei
申shenShenThe 9th earthly yearDeclineShen
酉youYouThe 10th earthly yearSenescenceYou
戌xuXuThe 11 th earthly yearDeceaseXu
亥haiHaiThe 12th earthly yearStoreHai
), ArticleFig(id=1322926631240741317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926622336233857, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

十二地支译文对照

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文化负载词倪懋兴译文李照国译文杨明山译文直译音译
子ziZiThe 1 st earthly yearOccurrenceZi
丑chouChouThe 2nd earthly yearAccumulationChou
寅yinYinThe 3rd earthly yearDevelopmentYin
卯maoMaoThe 4th earthly yearLuxurianceMao
辰chenChenThe 5th earthly yearBoomChen
巳siSiThe 6th earthly yearZenithSi
午wuWuThe 7th earthly yearVariationWu
未weiWeiThe 8th earthly yearRipenessWei
申shenShenThe 9th earthly yearDeclineShen
酉youYouThe 10th earthly yearSenescenceYou
戌xuXuThe 11 th earthly yearDeceaseXu
亥haiHaiThe 12th earthly yearStoreHai
), ArticleFig(id=1322926631303655878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926622336233857, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文化负载词倪懋兴译文李照国译文杨明山译文直译音译
厥阴jueyinJueyinJueyinOriginal YinJueYin
少阴shaoyinShaoyinShaoyinModerate YinShaoYin
太阴taiyinTaiyinTaiyinUltimate YinTaiYin
少阳shaoyangShaoyangShaoyangOriginal YangShaoYang
阳明yangmingYangmingYangmingModerate YangYangMing
太阳taiyangTaiyangTaiyangUltimate YangTaiYang
), ArticleFig(id=1322926631366570439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926622336233857, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

三阴三阳译文对照

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文化负载词倪懋兴译文李照国译文杨明山译文直译音译
厥阴jueyinJueyinJueyinOriginal YinJueYin
少阴shaoyinShaoyinShaoyinModerate YinShaoYin
太阴taiyinTaiyinTaiyinUltimate YinTaiYin
少阳shaoyangShaoyangShaoyangOriginal YangShaoYang
阳明yangmingYangmingYangmingModerate YangYangMing
太阳taiyangTaiyangTaiyangUltimate YangTaiYang
), ArticleFig(id=1322926631442067912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926622336233857, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文化负载词倪懋兴译文李照国译文杨明山译文直译音译
干stemstemstemStemGan
支branchbranchbranchBranchZhi
甲子sixty-year cycleJiaziFirst-1 stSixty-Year CycleJiaZi
五运five elements(phases)Wuyun(five-motions)five phasesFive MovementsWuYun
太过excessexcessexcessHigh LevelTaiGuo
不及deficiencydeficiencyinsufficiencyLow LevelBuJi
平气normalQi without excess and deficiencynormal solar termNormal LevelPing Qi
六气six atmospheresSix-Qisix phases of QiSix ClimatesSix Qi
主气-Host-QiHost QiHost Qi,Land QiZhu Qi
客气-Guest-QiGuest QiGuest Qi,Sky QiKe Qi
司天the ruling influenceGovern the heavenGoverning the heavenGoverning the Sky,Sky Qi dominating the first half yearSiTian
在泉in the springIn the SpringGoverning the earthIn the Spring,Sky Qi dominating the second half yearZaiQuan
天符-TianfuHeaven-identificationSky Correspondence,Stem of current year accord with Sky QiTianFu
岁会-SuihuiYear-identificationYear Correspondence,Stem of current year accord with Branch of current yearSuiHui
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其他文化负载词译文对照

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文化负载词倪懋兴译文李照国译文杨明山译文直译音译
干stemstemstemStemGan
支branchbranchbranchBranchZhi
甲子sixty-year cycleJiaziFirst-1 stSixty-Year CycleJiaZi
五运five elements(phases)Wuyun(five-motions)five phasesFive MovementsWuYun
太过excessexcessexcessHigh LevelTaiGuo
不及deficiencydeficiencyinsufficiencyLow LevelBuJi
平气normalQi without excess and deficiencynormal solar termNormal LevelPing Qi
六气six atmospheresSix-Qisix phases of QiSix ClimatesSix Qi
主气-Host-QiHost QiHost Qi,Land QiZhu Qi
客气-Guest-QiGuest QiGuest Qi,Sky QiKe Qi
司天the ruling influenceGovern the heavenGoverning the heavenGoverning the Sky,Sky Qi dominating the first half yearSiTian
在泉in the springIn the SpringGoverning the earthIn the Spring,Sky Qi dominating the second half yearZaiQuan
天符-TianfuHeaven-identificationSky Correspondence,Stem of current year accord with Sky QiTianFu
岁会-SuihuiYear-identificationYear Correspondence,Stem of current year accord with Branch of current yearSuiHui
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跨文化传播视角下《黄帝内经》运气学说文化负载词英译策略研究
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潘海鸥 1 , 王琳琳 1 , 邹祎晨 1 , 邓岳潼 1 , 王睿 1 , 崔鸿嵘 1 , 乔文军 2 , 杨宇峰 1
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(9): 99-104
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (9) : 99 -104
跨文化传播视角下《黄帝内经》运气学说文化负载词英译策略研究
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潘海鸥1, 王琳琳1, 邹祎晨1, 邓岳潼1, 王睿1, 崔鸿嵘1, 乔文军2, 杨宇峰1
作者信息
  • 1.辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847
  • 2.辽宁中医药大学附属医院,辽宁 沈阳 110032
通讯作者:
杨宇峰(1979-),男(回族),辽宁凌源人,教授,硕士研究生生导师,博士,研究方向:中医内科学。E-mail:。
作者简介:

潘海鸥(1975-),女,辽宁沈阳人,副教授,硕士,研究方向:中医英语语言学。

Study on English Translation Strategies of Cultural-loaded Terms in Theory of Five Movements and Six Qi in Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon from Perspective of Intercultural Communication
Haiou PAN1, Linlin WANG1, Yichen ZOU1, Yuetong DENG1, Rui WANG1, Hongrong CUI1, Wenjun QIAO2, Yufeng YANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110847,Liaoning,China
  • 2.Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110032,Liaoning,China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.09.017
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目的

通过《黄帝内经·素问》中关于五运六气的文化负载词英语译文翻译策略的研究,为中医跨文化传播提供新思路。

方法

以五运六气(five movements and six Qi)的文化负载词为研究对象,以《史记·律书》《汉书·律历志》的记载为词源,追溯文化负载词的中文词义。以倪懋兴、李照国和杨明山译本为比照,提出直译和音译两种译文。

结果

运气学说文化负载词的异化翻译保存且体现了汉语特征和语言风格特色,采用音译和直译的翻译方法来传达原文的内容,可增强译文的可读性和可理解性。

结论

运气学说文化负载词的翻译应以异化翻译策略为主,多种翻译方法相结合的形式,以实现跨文化传播为目标,从而促进中医文化更广泛地传播和交流。

《黄帝内经》  /  五运六气  /  文化负载词  /  英译策略
Objective

To provide new ideas for the intercultural dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine through the study of translation strategies for cultural-loaded terms related to the five movements and six Qi in the Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon·Suwen.

Methods

Taking the cultural-loaded terms of the Five Movements and Six Qias the research object,tracing the Chinese meanings of cultural-loaded terms based on the records in Historical Records by SIMA Qian and The History of the Han Dynasty. Taking the translations of NIMaoxin,LIZhaoguo and YANG Mingshan as a reference,two types of translations were proposed:literal translation and transliteration.

Results

The foreignization translation of cultural-loaded terms in the theory of Five Movements and Six Qi preserved and reflected the characteristics of Chinese language and language style. The use of transliteration and literal translation methods to convey the content of the original text can enhance the readability and comprehensibility of the translation.

Conclusion

The translation of cultural-loaded terms in the theory of Five Movements and Six Qishould bemainly based on the strategy of foreignization,combined with various translation methods,in order to achieve intercultural dissemination and promote the wider dissemination and exchange of traditional Chinese medicine culture.

Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon  /  five movements and six Qi  /  cultural-loaded terms  /  english translation strategy
潘海鸥, 王琳琳, 邹祎晨, 邓岳潼, 王睿, 崔鸿嵘, 乔文军, 杨宇峰. 跨文化传播视角下《黄帝内经》运气学说文化负载词英译策略研究. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (9) : 99 -104 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.09.017
Haiou PAN, Linlin WANG, Yichen ZOU, Yuetong DENG, Rui WANG, Hongrong CUI, Wenjun QIAO, Yufeng YANG. Study on English Translation Strategies of Cultural-loaded Terms in Theory of Five Movements and Six Qi in Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon from Perspective of Intercultural Communication[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (9) : 99 -104 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.09.017
五运六气,又称运气学说,它是古代劳动人民的智慧和创造[1],是中医理论体系的重要组成部分[2],主要阐述于《黄帝内经·素问》的7篇大论(又称运气七篇),即天元纪大论、五运行大论、六微旨大论、气交变大论、五常政大论、六元正纪大论和至真要大论7篇。运气学说运用阴阳、五行、干支、甲子等理论,总结了周期性气候变化规律,再从气候与疾病相关的角度阐明疾病的发生发展变化,提出了五运三纪和六气十二变,对中医临床辨证治疗有重要的指导意义,从而成为中医运用自然规律进行防病、治病的传统优势[3]。
作为《黄帝内经·素问》的重点、难点之一,运气学说的英译也是一大挑战[4]。在运气学说的英译过程中,文化负载词是中医术语翻译的研究热点[5]。运气学说的英译,其本质是跨文化的交际或传播。由于中医文化负载词具有不可译性,在英语文化中,有关概念和表述的词汇缺失,使得中医典籍中的文化负载词一直是中医英语翻译的重要特征和难题,也是新时代推进中医药文化传播的关键。同时,文化负载词也是文化可译性的关键因素,文化负载词的准确翻译对中医跨文化的交际和传播具有至关重要的意义。在翻译中医文化负载词时,应根据具体情况选择恰当的翻译策略,并在保持翻译准确性的基础上,使译文更易于理解和接受。本文选取了《黄帝内经·素问》中关于五运六气的文化负载词作为研究对象,以异化翻译策略为主,提出了关于五运六气文化负载词的典型翻译方法,并根据文化负载词的分类提出了具体翻译对策。
本文以《运气学说》[6]中关于五运六气的文化负载词作为研究对象。以《史记·律书》[7]《汉书·律历志》[8]的记载为词源,追溯文化负载词的中文词义。选取倪懋兴(Maoxin Ni)译本The Yellow Emperors Classic of Medicine-A New Translation of the Neijing Suwen with Commentary[9],李照国译本Huangdi Neijing-Yellow Emperor's Canon of Medicine[10]和杨明山译本《黄帝内经素问新译(中英对照)》[11]作为比较翻译对象。
第一步,确定要开展研究的关于五运六气的文化负载词。
第二步,应用词源学方法,追溯并确立文化负载词的中文词义[12],采取异化翻译策略,提出直译和音译两种译文。
第三步,以倪懋兴、李照国和杨明山译本为比照,对文化负载词相关的译文进行分析和比较。
第四步,确定五运六气的文化负载词英译策略和翻译方法,并给出具体的译文。
关于十天干的中文词义本文采用了《史记·律书》[7]的说法:“壬之为言任也,言阳气任养万物于下也。癸之为言揆也,言万物可揆度,故曰癸。……甲者,言万物剖符甲而出也;乙者,言万物生轧轧也。……丙者,言阳道著明,故曰丙;丁者,言万物之丁壮也,故曰丁。……庚者,言阴气庚万物,故曰庚;辛者,言万物之辛生,故曰辛。”
其中缺“戊”“己”二干,因其只言四正四隅未及中央,故未说到戊己土[13]。但在《汉书·律历志》[8]都作了解释:“出甲于甲,奋轧于乙,明炳于丙,大盛于丁,丰楙于戊,理纪于己,敛更于庚,悉新于辛,怀妊于壬,陈揆于癸。”
将上述十天干的词源意义作为直译的源语意义,力图将其变成地道英语语言,有助于阅读者更好地理解译文,增强译文的可读性和可理解性。同时,考虑到民族文化的差异性、保存和反映汉语特征和语言风格特色,以现代汉语拼音(汉字注音拉丁化方案)进行音译[14],来传达原文的内容。
十天干的直译和音译见表1。
关于十二地支的中文词义本文采用了《史记·律书》[7]的说法:“亥者,该也。言阳气藏于下,故该也。……子者,滋也;滋者,言万物滋于下也。……丑者,纽也。言阳气在上未降,万物厄纽未敢出也。……寅言万物始生螾然也,故曰寅。……卯之为言茂也,言万物茂也。……辰者,言万物之蜄也。……巳者,言阳气之已尽也。……午者,阴阳交,故曰午。……未者,言万物皆成,有滋味也。……申者,言阴用事,申贼万物,故曰申。……酉者,万物之老也,故曰酉。……戌者,言万物尽灭,故曰戌。”
十二地支的直译和音译见表2。
关于三阴三阳的中文词义采用《黄帝内经·素问》阴阳离合论[15]的说法:“圣人南面而立,前曰广明,后曰太冲。太冲之地,名曰少阴。少阴之上,名曰太阳。太阳根起于至阴,结于命门,名曰阴中之阳。中身而上,名曰广明。广明之下,名曰太阴。太阴之前,名曰阳明。阳明根起于厉兑,名曰阴中之阳。厥阴之表,名少阳。少阳根起于窍阴,名曰阴中之少阳。是故三阳之离合也,太阳为开,阳明为阖,少阳为枢。”
“……外者为阳,内者为阴。然则中为阴,其冲在下,名曰太阴。太阴根起于隐白,名曰阴中之阴。太阴之后,名曰少阴。少阴根起于涌泉,名曰阴中之少阴,少阴之前,名曰厥阴。厥阴根起于大敦,阴之绝阳,名曰阴之绝阴。是故三阴之离合也:太阴为开,厥阴为阖,少阴为枢。”
同时,也参考了《黄帝内经·素问》阴阳类论[15]的说法,对三阴和三阳进行注释:“三阳者太阳,二阳者阳明,一阳者少阳;三阴者太阴,二阴者少阴,一阴者厥阴。”
其运行次序,有如《黄帝内经·素问》六微旨大论[15]所说:“故少阳之右,阳明治之;阳明之右,太阳治之;太阳之右,厥阴治之;厥阴之右,少阴治之;少阴之右,太阴治之,太阴之右,少阳治之。”
三阴三阳的直译和音译见表3。
本文也分别追溯了其他关于五运六气的文化负载词的源语意义。
隋时期《五行大义》中记载了干支的创制[16]:“支干者,因五行而立之。昔轩辕之时,大挠之所制也。”蔡邕《月令章句》云:“大挠采五行之情,占斗机所建也,始作甲乙以名日,谓之干;作子丑以名月,谓之支。有事于天,则用日。有事于地,则用辰。阴阳之别,故有支干名也。”
《黄帝内经·素问》六微旨大论[15]说:“天气始于甲,地气始于子,子甲相合,名曰岁立,谨候其时,气可与期。”
《运气易览》[17]说:“运气者,以十干合而为木火土金水之五运,以十二支对而为风寒暑湿燥火之六气。十干合者,如甲己二年合为土运,乙庚二年合为金运,丙辛二年合为水运,丁壬二年合为木运,戊癸二年合为火运是也。十二支对者,如子与午对,二年俱为君火之气;丑与未对,二年俱为湿土之气;寅与申对,二年俱为相火之气;卯与酉对,二年俱为燥金之气;辰与戌对,二年俱为寒水之气;巳与亥对,二年俱为风木之气是也。”
《运气学说六讲》[13]说:“太过,即主岁的运气旺盛而有余;不及,即主岁的运气衰少而不足……”
五运之气既非太过又非不及便叫作“平气”,与太过、不及并称为“五运三纪”。
……主气,又叫地气,即风木、君火、相火、湿土、燥金、寒水等六气……那么“客气”便不言而可知属于天气了。
……司天、在泉、四间气,为“客气”运行的六步。凡主岁的气为“司天”,位当三之气;在司天的下方,恰与之相对的是为“在泉”,位当终之气;司天的左方为“左间气”,右方的为“右间气”;在泉的左方亦有“左间气”,右方的亦有“右间气”。……“司天”通主上半年,即始于十二月中的大寒,终于六月初的小暑;“在泉”通主下半年,即始于六月中的大暑,终于十二月中的小寒。
……所谓“天符”就是“运气”与“司天之气”相应而符合的意思。
……通主一年的中运之气,与岁支之气相同,这叫作“岁会”。其他文化负载词的直译和音译见表4。
十天干的比较翻译见表5。
十二地支的比较翻译见表6。
三阴三阳的比较翻译见表7。
其他文化负载词的比较翻译见表8。
异化策略是五运六气文化负载词翻译的主要策略。
文化负载词是在语言系统中能够体现文化信息、反映人类社会生活的词汇,具有深厚民族文化烙印和鲜明地域特征。文化负载词通常包含丰富的文化内涵,并且只存在于特定的文化中,在另一种文化中可能是空白的,形成语义空缺[18],在跨文化交流和翻译中常常构成障碍,在翻译过程中对译文所表达含义与原义有一定偏离,使得翻译后的译文缺少文化内涵,不能将文字语言中地域特色以及民族气息进行准确表达,无法传递恰如其分的文化信息,在一定程度上会对阅读者造成文化空白,增加其文化语言的转换难度。
为了能够更好地翻译中医典籍文献中的文化负载词,促使其语言形象、意思贴合,降低翻译难度,译者大多选用异化策略为主要翻译策略,以保证文化负载词的独特性和忠实度[19-20]。采取异化策略进行英译是鉴于不同文化的差异,从源语的视角出发,依据源语的审美价值,传播不同的文化元素和特色[21]。异化翻译以源语文化为导向,保留源语文化的异域因素,给目标语提供新的文化及语言元素,丰富目标语的文化及表达;译文的表达形式和句法结构尽量同原文对等,在源语言及目标语之间不能完全对等时尽量保持源语的语言风格,向目标语受众介绍源语文化。
运气学说文化负载词的翻译方法要采用多种方法相结合的方式。
对于异化翻译策略而言,常见翻译方式有音译法、直译法、音译加注法、直译加注法等。
音译法主要是将一种语言中的文字、音素或音节转换为另一种语言的拼写方式,以尽可能准确地再现原始词汇的发音和形式。当涉及常见的中医文化负载词可以采用音译法来保留其原汉语发音特征,保留原文准确性,专业性和文化内涵[22]。例如十天干和十二地支的翻译,倪懋兴、李照国均采用的是异化策略下的音译法,均是以现代汉语拼音(汉字注音拉丁化方案)进行音译,而杨明山则是采用直译法,以数字顺序表示十天干和十二地支(见表5和表6)。举例如下。
中文原文:“鬼臾区曰:土主甲己,金主乙庚,水主丙辛,木主丁壬,火主戊癸。子午之上,少阴主之;丑未之上,太阴主之;寅申之上,少阳主之;卯酉之上,阳明主之;辰戌之上,太阳主之;巳亥之上,厥阴主之。”
倪懋兴译文:Hementioned that in the sixty-year cycle the jia/ji stem years are governed by the earth phase,the yi/gen by metal,bing/xin by water,ding/ren by wood,and finally wu/kui by fire. Similarly,the zi/wu branch years are ruled by the Imperial Fire and correspond to shaoyin,chou/wei by dampness,earth,and taiyin,yin/shen byministerial fire and shaoyang,mao/you by dryness,metal,and yangming,chen/xu by cold,water,and taiyang,and last,si/haiby wind,wood,and jueyin.
李照国译文:Gui Yuqu said,Earth(Earth-Motion)governs[the year of]Jia and Ji;Metal(Metal-Motion)governs[the year of]Yiand Geng;Water(Water-Motion)governs[the year of]Bing and Xin;Wood(Wood-Motion)governs[the year of]Ding and Ren;and Fire(Fire-Motion)governs[the year of]Wu and Gui.[In the year of]Zi and Wu,Shaoyin[governs]the heavens;[in the year of]Chou and Wei,Taiyin[governs]the heavens;[in the year of]Yin and Shen,Shaoyang[governs]the heavens;[in the year of]Mao and You,Yangming[governs]the heavens;[in the year of]Chen and Xu,Taiyang[governs]the heavens;[in the year of]Si and Hai,Jueyin[governs]the heavens.
杨明山译文:He said:The earth phase governs the first and sixth heavenly years,metal governs the second and seventh heavenly years,water governs the third and eight heavenly years,wood governs the fourth and ninth heavenly years,and fire governs the fifth and tenth heavenly years.
In the 1st and the 7th earthly years,the Shaoyin governs the heavenly Qi;in the 2nd and the 8th earthly years,the Taiyin governs the heavenly Qi;in the3rd and the 9th earthly years,the Shao yang governs the heavenly Qi;in the 4rd and the 10th earthly years,the Yangming governs the heavenly Qi;in the 5rd and the 11th earthly years,the Taiyang governs the heavenly Qi;in the 6rd and the 12th earthly years,the Jueyin governs the heavenly Qi.
按照本文提出的异化翻译策略和直译和音译两种翻译方法,翻译如下:Gui Yuqu said,the year of Germinating(Jia)or Fructifying(Ji)is governed by the earth phase,the year of Sprouting(Yi)or Maturating(Gen)by metal,the year of Growing(Bing)or Alternating(Xin)by water,the year of Thriving(Ding)or Gestating(Ren)by wood,and the year of Flourishing(Wu)or Estimating(Gui)by fire. The year of Occurrence(Zi)or Variation(Wu)is ruled by Moderate Yin(ShaoYin),the year of Accumulation(Chou)or Ripeness(Wei)by Ultimate Yin(TaiYin),the year of Development(Yin)or Decline(Shen)by Original Yang(ShaoYang),the year of Luxuriance(Mao)or Senescence(You)by Moderate Yang(YangMing),the year of Boom(Chen)or Decease(Xu)by Ultimate Yang(TaiYang),and the year of Zenith(Si)or Store(Hai)by Original Yin(JueYin).
对于常见且广泛认知的中医文化负载词,音译法是一种高效且准确的翻译方式,不需要提供额外的注解或解释,同时可以保持翻译的简洁性和流畅性[23]。运气学说翻译的目的决定了翻译应当兼顾“学术性”与“通俗性”,翻译时可以按照倪懋兴、李照国的方式采用异化翻译策略及以直译、音译为主的翻译方法。
直译法是指将源语词汇直接译成目标语中对应的词汇的译法。直译可以在一定程度上保留原语的民族色彩,而且使译语读者能够接触并逐渐去接纳原语的文化特色[24]。其特点是:侧重传义,同时兼顾形式,是阅读者较为接受的一种翻译方法[25]。直译法保证了原文的字面含义在翻译中得到保留,确保了译文的准确性,对运气学说文化负载词的翻译来说非常重要[26]。在翻译文化负载词时,可采用直译法,或直译加音译以及直译加意译的综合方法在准确性和可读性之间取得平衡[27]。例如“太过”“不及”和“平气”的翻译,倪懋兴、李照国和杨明山均保持了一致,均采用了直译法。举例如下。
中文原文:“帝曰:五运之始,如环无端,其太过不及何如?
岐伯曰:五气更立,各有所胜,盛虚之变,此其常也。
帝曰:平气何如?
岐伯曰:无过者也。
帝曰:太过不及奈何?
岐伯曰:在经有也。”
倪懋兴译文:Huang Disaid,“Now Iunderstand the energetic cycles throughout the seasons and within the five elements or phases. But Iam still slightly baffled by the excesses and deficiencies during the process of energy transformation.”
Qi Bo replied,“All the changes and transformations through the five parts of the year-spring,summer,late summer,autumn,and winter-have their excesses and deficiencies. This is a normal process.”
Huang Diasked,“How do you achieve balance or even flow between each season?”
Qi Bo replied,“Itmeans neither extreme in weather patterns and hence the effect on people.”
Huang Di said,“Can you explain what constitutes an even cyclic flow?”
Qi Bo answered,“This is recorded in the ancient books.”
李照国译文:Huangdi said,“Wuyun(movement of Five-Elements)moves incessantly without an end. What is its Taiguo(excess)and what is its Buji(insufficiency)?”
Qibo answered,“The alteration of Wuqi(Five-Elements)[is characterized by alternative domination and restriction,giving rise to the alternative]changes of Sheng(exuberance or predominance)and Xu(deficiency or insufficiency). This is a normal phenomenon.
Huangdi said,“How about Pingqi(Qiwithoutexcess and deficiency)?”
Qibo answered,“Pingqimeans no excess and deficiency.”
Huangdi asked,“What is Taiguo(excess)and what is Buji(insufficiency)?”
Qibo answered,“There is[description]in the canons.”
杨明山译文:Emperor said:“The five elements cycle and begin again with no end,and whatwill be if itgoes excessively or deficiently?”
Qibo answered:“The cycle of five-element evolves in turn and dominates respectively,in which the alteration of exuberance and deficiency is a normal phenomenon.”
Emperor asked:“What is the normal solar term?”
Qibo answered:“It is no excess or insufficiency.”
Emperor asked:“How about the excess and insufficiency?”
Qibo answered:“It has been discussed in the medical classics.”
按照本文提出的异化翻译策略和直译和音译两种翻译方法,翻译如下:Huangdi said,“Five movements(WuYun)move seasonally without an end. What do Fivemovements at High Level(TaiGuo)and at Low Level(BuJi)mean?”
Qibo said,“It is normal that the alternating of Five movements(WuYun)have their excesses and deficiencies.”
Huangdi said,“How do you understand Five movements at Normal Level(Ping Qi)?”
Qibo said,“Itmeans that Fivemovements are neither at High Level(TaiGuo)nor at Low Level(BuJi).”
Huangdi said,“How about Five movements at High Level(TaiGuo)and at Low Level(BuJi)?”
Qibo said,“This is recorded in the ancient books.”
对于主气、客气的翻译,李照国和杨明山均采用了直译加音译的翻译方法。举例如下。
中文原文:“岐伯曰:有假其气则无禁也。所谓主气不足,客气胜也。”
李照国译文:Qibo answered,“[If]there is substitutionary Qi[because the dominating Qi is insufficient],there is no need to abide by[the practice of avoiding the use of drugs Heat in nature to treat heat disease and avoiding the use of drugs Cold in nature to treat cold disease].[This is what]insufficiency of the Zhuqi(Host-Qi)leads to domination of the Keqi(Guest-Qi)means.”
杨明山译文:Qibo answered:“If there is complicated Qi,there is no contraindication. That is to say,when the hostQi is insufficient,the guest Qi can dominate.”
按照本文提出的异化翻译策略和直译和音译两种翻译方法,翻译如下:Qi Bo said,“If the Host Qi(Zhu Qi)is insufficient and causes illness,it is not necessary to abide by principles of contraindications for treatment. This is so called that Host Qi(Zhu Qi)is insufficient,the Guest Qi(Ke Qi)is dominant.”
中医文化负载词是文化负载词中的一部分,中医文化负载词不仅是医学术语,更深层地承载着中国文化传统、哲学思想和历史脉络。它们反映了中国古代人们对健康、疾病和治疗的理解,同时也展现了中医学所包含的文化观念和价值体系[28]。运气学说文化负载词的翻译应以异化翻译策略为主[29],采用多种翻译方法相结合的形式,才能在翻译过程中保留其丰富的中医文化内涵。在确保翻译准确性的同时,提高译文的可读性,使译文通俗易懂,让外国读者也能了解、接纳中医文化,从而认识中医文化、理解中医文化,并最终将中医文化融入世界文化之中,以实现跨文化交流的目标,从而促进中医文化更广泛地传播和交流[30]。
  • 国家中医药管理局中医药古典文献和特色技术传承专项(GZY-KJS-2020-045)
  • 辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目(L21BYY025)
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.09.017
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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国家中医药管理局中医药古典文献和特色技术传承专项(GZY-KJS-2020-045)
辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目(L21BYY025)
作者信息
    1.辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847
    2.辽宁中医药大学附属医院,辽宁 沈阳 110032

通讯作者:

杨宇峰(1979-),男(回族),辽宁凌源人,教授,硕士研究生生导师,博士,研究方向:中医内科学。E-mail:。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zhzyyxk/CN/10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.09.017
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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