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Article(id=1322926375107179063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926217711726961, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.08.037, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339826609, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1754755200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339826609, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339826608, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339826608, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322926217711726961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1754755200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339789083, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340517761, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929274071679978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926217711726961, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929274071679979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926217711726961, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=194, endPage=198, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322926375300117048, articleId=1322926375107179063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Effect of Modified Buzhong Yiqi Huoxue Decoction（加味补中益气活血汤）Combined with Consciousness-Restoring and Orifice-Opening Acupuncture and Old Ten Needles on Nutritional Status and Neurological Function in Elderly Patients with Ischemic Stroke of Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome, columnId=1256183365644968140, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Platform of Provincial Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To observe the effects of Modified Buzhong Yiqi Huoxue Decoction（加味补中益气活血汤）combined with consciousness-restoring and orifice-opening acupuncture and old ten needles on the nutritional status and neurological function of the elderly patients with cerebral infarction of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.

Methods

One hundred and twenty elderly patients with cerebral infarction with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into the conventional group（routine treatment+Modified Buzhong Yiqi Huoxue Decoction+routine acupuncture）and the experimental group（routine treatment+Modified Buzhong Yiqi Huoxue Decoction+consciousness-restoring and orifice-opening acupuncture and old ten needles），with 60 cases in each group.The TCM syndrome scores，neurological function，hemorheological indexes and nutritional status before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were also compared.

Results

After treatment，the TCM main symptom scores，secondary symptom scores，total score，National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale（NIHSS）score，oxidized low-density lipoprotein（ox-LDL），neuronal nuclear antigen（NeuN），whole blood viscosity（BV），whole blood reduced viscosity（BRV）and plasma viscosity（PV）in both groups were lower than those before treatment（P<0.05），and those in the experimental group were lower than those in the conventional group（P<0.05）.After treatment，the Mini Nutritional Assessment（MNA）score，the levels of albumin（ALB）and prealbumin（PA）in both groups were higher than those before treatment（P<0.05），and those in the experimental group were higher than those in the conventional group（P<0.05）.The distribution of clinical efficacy grades and the total effective rate in the experimental group were higher than those in the conventional group（P<0.05）.There were no obvious adverse reactions in the conventional group，and one case of redness and swelling at the acupuncture site in the experimental group，which relieved without intervention.

Conclusion

Modified Buzhong Yiqi Huoxue Decoction combined with consciousness-restoring and orifice-opening acupuncture and old ten needles can improve the TCM syndrome，neurological function，hemorheological indexes and nutritional status of the elderly patients with cerebral infarction of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and enhance the clinical efficacy，with high safety.

, authors=Yisi WANG, Cuicui JIAO, Qian TENG, Ping XU, authorsList=Yisi WANG, Cuicui JIAO, Qian TENG, Ping XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ping XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322926376348693059, articleId=1322926375107179063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=加味补中益气活血汤联合醒脑开窍针合老十针对老年气虚血瘀型脑梗死衰弱患者营养状态及神经功能影响, columnId=1256183369033965799, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=省级项目平台, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

观察老年气虚血瘀型脑梗死衰弱患者治疗中加味补中益气活血汤联合醒脑开窍针合老十针对其营养状态、神经功能的影响。

方法

选取老年气虚血瘀型脑梗死衰弱患者120例，以随机数字表法分为常规组（常规治疗+加味补中益气活血汤+常规针刺）60例，试验组（常规治疗+加味补中益气活血汤+醒脑开窍针合老十针）60例。比较两组治疗前、后中医证候积分、神经功能、血液流变学指标及营养状态；比较两组临床疗效及不良反应。

结果

治疗后两组中医主症积分、次症积分、总分，美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National institute of health stroke scale，NIHSS）评分、氧化低密度脂蛋白（Oxidized low density lipoprotein，ox-LDL）、神经元核抗原（Neuron-specific nuclear protein，NeuN）、全血黏度（Blood viscosity，BV）、全血还原黏度（Blood reduction viscosity，BRV）、血浆黏度（Plasma visocosity，PV）均较治疗前降低（P<0.05），试验组均较常规组降低（P<0.05）。治疗后两组微型营养评估量表（Mini nutrition assessment，MNA）评分、白蛋白（Albumin，ALB）、前白蛋白（Prealbumin，PA）均较治疗前升高（P<0.05），试验组均较常规组升高（P<0.05）。试验组临床疗效等级分布及总有效率均较常规组升高（P<0.05）。常规组无明显不良反应，试验组1例针刺部位红肿，未干预即好转。

结论

老年气虚血瘀型脑梗死衰弱患者治疗中加味补中益气活血汤联合醒脑开窍针合老十针可改善患者中医证候、神经功能、血液流变学指标及营养状态，提高临床疗效，且安全性高。

, authors=王一斯, 矫翠翠, 滕倩, 徐萍, authorsList=王一斯, 矫翠翠, 滕倩, 徐萍, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=徐萍, authorNote=

王一斯（1992-），女，山东青岛人，主治医师，硕士，研究方向：针灸、康复治疗脑病。

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徐萍（1986-），女，山东青岛人，副主任医师，硕士，研究方向：针灸、康复治疗脑病。E-mail：。
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王一斯（1992-），女，山东青岛人，主治医师，硕士，研究方向：针灸、康复治疗脑病。

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王一斯（1992-），女，山东青岛人，主治医师，硕士，研究方向：针灸、康复治疗脑病。

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组别例数时间主症积分次症积分总分
试验组60治疗前9.74±2.33　8.47±2.15　18.21±4.51
治疗后5.19±1.30*△4.31±0.87*△9.50±2.47*△
常规组60治疗前10.57±3.199.10±3.0119.67±4.36
治疗后7.62±2.74△5.27±1.54△12.89±3.10△
), ArticleFig(id=1322926380245201512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926375107179063, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组老年气虚血瘀型脑梗死衰弱患者治疗前后中医证候积分比较（）

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组别例数时间主症积分次症积分总分
试验组60治疗前9.74±2.33　8.47±2.15　18.21±4.51
治疗后5.19±1.30*△4.31±0.87*△9.50±2.47*△
常规组60治疗前10.57±3.199.10±3.0119.67±4.36
治疗后7.62±2.74△5.27±1.54△12.89±3.10△
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组别例数时间NIHSS评分/（分）ox-LDL/（U/L）NeuN/（ng/mL）
试验组60治疗前12.34±2.96125.47±35.612.62±0.57
治疗后5.46±1.02*△76.25±10.64*△1.61±0.59*△
常规组60治疗前13.21±3.23117.32±41.272.77±0.63
治疗后7.30±2.41△91.17±15.57△2.02±0.67△
), ArticleFig(id=1322926380400390762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926375107179063, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组老年气虚血瘀型脑梗死衰弱患者治疗前后神经功能比较（）

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组别例数时间NIHSS评分/（分）ox-LDL/（U/L）NeuN/（ng/mL）
试验组60治疗前12.34±2.96125.47±35.612.62±0.57
治疗后5.46±1.02*△76.25±10.64*△1.61±0.59*△
常规组60治疗前13.21±3.23117.32±41.272.77±0.63
治疗后7.30±2.41△91.17±15.57△2.02±0.67△
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组别例数时间BVBRVPV
试验组60治疗前6.31±0.794.29±0.882.46±0.57
治疗后3.85±0.71*△2.08±0.41*△1.27±0.35*△
常规组60治疗前6.50±0.784.53±0.972.61±0.61
治疗后4.97±1.02△3.01±0.59△1.92±0.40△
), ArticleFig(id=1322926380538802796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926375107179063, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两组老年气虚血瘀型脑梗死衰弱患者治疗前后血液流变学指标比较（）

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组别例数时间BVBRVPV
试验组60治疗前6.31±0.794.29±0.882.46±0.57
治疗后3.85±0.71*△2.08±0.41*△1.27±0.35*△
常规组60治疗前6.50±0.784.53±0.972.61±0.61
治疗后4.97±1.02△3.01±0.59△1.92±0.40△
), ArticleFig(id=1322926380605911661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926375107179063, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数时间MNA评分/（分）ALB/（g/L）PA/（mg/L）
试验组60治疗前17.49±4.1532.17±5.55201.56±46.31
治疗后23.31±5.19*△42.56±7.12*△298.87±56.13*△
常规组60治疗前18.54±3.0233.69±6.18212.30±49.97
治疗后21.15±4.98△39.94±6.92△254.33±47.10△
), ArticleFig(id=1322926380681409134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926375107179063, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

两组老年气虚血瘀型脑梗死衰弱患者治疗前后营养状态比较（）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数时间MNA评分/（分）ALB/（g/L）PA/（mg/L）
试验组60治疗前17.49±4.1532.17±5.55201.56±46.31
治疗后23.31±5.19*△42.56±7.12*△298.87±56.13*△
常规组60治疗前18.54±3.0233.69±6.18212.30±49.97
治疗后21.15±4.98△39.94±6.92△254.33±47.10△
), ArticleFig(id=1322926380769489519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926375107179063, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数治愈显效有效无效总有效
试验组602（3.33）28（46.67）20（33.33）10（16.67）50（83.33）
常规组600（0.00）17（28.33）23（38.33）20（33.33）40（66.67）
Z/χ28.2324.444
P值0.0410.035
), ArticleFig(id=1322926380861764208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926375107179063, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

两组老年气虚血瘀型脑梗死衰弱患者临床疗效比较

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组别例数治愈显效有效无效总有效
试验组602（3.33）28（46.67）20（33.33）10（16.67）50（83.33）
常规组600（0.00）17（28.33）23（38.33）20（33.33）40（66.67）
Z/χ28.2324.444
P值0.0410.035
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加味补中益气活血汤联合醒脑开窍针合老十针对老年气虚血瘀型脑梗死衰弱患者营养状态及神经功能影响
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王一斯 , 矫翠翠 , 滕倩 , 徐萍
中华中医药学刊 | 省级项目平台 2025,43(8): 194-198
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中华中医药学刊 |省级项目平台 2025 , 43 (8) : 194 -198
加味补中益气活血汤联合醒脑开窍针合老十针对老年气虚血瘀型脑梗死衰弱患者营养状态及神经功能影响
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王一斯, 矫翠翠, 滕倩, 徐萍
作者信息
  • 青岛大学附属青岛市海慈医院，青岛市中医医院，山东 青岛 266000
通讯作者:
徐萍（1986-），女，山东青岛人，副主任医师，硕士，研究方向：针灸、康复治疗脑病。E-mail：。
作者简介:

王一斯（1992-），女，山东青岛人，主治医师，硕士，研究方向：针灸、康复治疗脑病。

Effect of Modified Buzhong Yiqi Huoxue Decoction（加味补中益气活血汤）Combined with Consciousness-Restoring and Orifice-Opening Acupuncture and Old Ten Needles on Nutritional Status and Neurological Function in Elderly Patients with Ischemic Stroke of Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome
Yisi WANG, Cuicui JIAO, Qian TENG, Ping XU
Affiliations
  • Qingdao Haici Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University，Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital，Qingdao 266011，Shandong，China
出版时间: 2025-08-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.08.037
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摘要
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目的

观察老年气虚血瘀型脑梗死衰弱患者治疗中加味补中益气活血汤联合醒脑开窍针合老十针对其营养状态、神经功能的影响。

方法

选取老年气虚血瘀型脑梗死衰弱患者120例，以随机数字表法分为常规组（常规治疗+加味补中益气活血汤+常规针刺）60例，试验组（常规治疗+加味补中益气活血汤+醒脑开窍针合老十针）60例。比较两组治疗前、后中医证候积分、神经功能、血液流变学指标及营养状态；比较两组临床疗效及不良反应。

结果

治疗后两组中医主症积分、次症积分、总分，美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National institute of health stroke scale，NIHSS）评分、氧化低密度脂蛋白（Oxidized low density lipoprotein，ox-LDL）、神经元核抗原（Neuron-specific nuclear protein，NeuN）、全血黏度（Blood viscosity，BV）、全血还原黏度（Blood reduction viscosity，BRV）、血浆黏度（Plasma visocosity，PV）均较治疗前降低（P<0.05），试验组均较常规组降低（P<0.05）。治疗后两组微型营养评估量表（Mini nutrition assessment，MNA）评分、白蛋白（Albumin，ALB）、前白蛋白（Prealbumin，PA）均较治疗前升高（P<0.05），试验组均较常规组升高（P<0.05）。试验组临床疗效等级分布及总有效率均较常规组升高（P<0.05）。常规组无明显不良反应，试验组1例针刺部位红肿，未干预即好转。

结论

老年气虚血瘀型脑梗死衰弱患者治疗中加味补中益气活血汤联合醒脑开窍针合老十针可改善患者中医证候、神经功能、血液流变学指标及营养状态，提高临床疗效，且安全性高。

老年气虚血瘀型脑梗死  /  加味补中益气活血汤  /  醒脑开窍针  /  老十针  /  营养状态  /  神经功能
Objective

To observe the effects of Modified Buzhong Yiqi Huoxue Decoction（加味补中益气活血汤）combined with consciousness-restoring and orifice-opening acupuncture and old ten needles on the nutritional status and neurological function of the elderly patients with cerebral infarction of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.

Methods

One hundred and twenty elderly patients with cerebral infarction with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into the conventional group（routine treatment+Modified Buzhong Yiqi Huoxue Decoction+routine acupuncture）and the experimental group（routine treatment+Modified Buzhong Yiqi Huoxue Decoction+consciousness-restoring and orifice-opening acupuncture and old ten needles），with 60 cases in each group.The TCM syndrome scores，neurological function，hemorheological indexes and nutritional status before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were also compared.

Results

After treatment，the TCM main symptom scores，secondary symptom scores，total score，National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale（NIHSS）score，oxidized low-density lipoprotein（ox-LDL），neuronal nuclear antigen（NeuN），whole blood viscosity（BV），whole blood reduced viscosity（BRV）and plasma viscosity（PV）in both groups were lower than those before treatment（P<0.05），and those in the experimental group were lower than those in the conventional group（P<0.05）.After treatment，the Mini Nutritional Assessment（MNA）score，the levels of albumin（ALB）and prealbumin（PA）in both groups were higher than those before treatment（P<0.05），and those in the experimental group were higher than those in the conventional group（P<0.05）.The distribution of clinical efficacy grades and the total effective rate in the experimental group were higher than those in the conventional group（P<0.05）.There were no obvious adverse reactions in the conventional group，and one case of redness and swelling at the acupuncture site in the experimental group，which relieved without intervention.

Conclusion

Modified Buzhong Yiqi Huoxue Decoction combined with consciousness-restoring and orifice-opening acupuncture and old ten needles can improve the TCM syndrome，neurological function，hemorheological indexes and nutritional status of the elderly patients with cerebral infarction of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and enhance the clinical efficacy，with high safety.

elderly cerebral infarction with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome  /  Modified Buzhong Yiqi Huoxue Decoction（加味补中益气活血汤）  /  consciousness-restoring and orifice-opening acupuncture  /  old ten needles  /  nutritional status  /  neurological function
王一斯, 矫翠翠, 滕倩, 徐萍. 加味补中益气活血汤联合醒脑开窍针合老十针对老年气虚血瘀型脑梗死衰弱患者营养状态及神经功能影响. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (8) : 194 -198 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.08.037
Yisi WANG, Cuicui JIAO, Qian TENG, Ping XU. Effect of Modified Buzhong Yiqi Huoxue Decoction（加味补中益气活血汤）Combined with Consciousness-Restoring and Orifice-Opening Acupuncture and Old Ten Needles on Nutritional Status and Neurological Function in Elderly Patients with Ischemic Stroke of Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (8) : 194 -198 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.08.037
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脑梗死作为常见的脑血管疾病发病率均居高不下，现已成为世界范围内最常见的致残、致死性疾病之一[1]。我国作为脑梗死大国，年发病人数超500万，死亡人数达200万，且幸存者中有75%存在后遗症，部分患者遗留重度残疾[2]。目前临床治疗脑梗死主要采用溶栓、抗凝、抗血小板、降脂、降压、神经保护等药物，及介入、外科手术等方法，但均存在一定的局限性，如药物效果不佳、溶栓窗口期短、出血风险高及手术创伤大等，且整体疗效有待提升[3]。中医治疗脑梗死具有独特的优势，从整体和辨证论治的角度，调节机体的阴阳平衡。老年人是脑梗死的高危人群，其机体抵抗力低下，更易发生肺部感染、褥疮、营养不良等并发症，气虚血瘀型是老年脑梗死患者的常见证型，对其治疗方式主张结合病因、病位、病性、病机，采用内治、外治、针灸、推拿等方法，旨在调和气血，活血化瘀，通络开窍，恢复神经功能[4]。加味补中益气活血汤由补中益气汤加减而成，具有益气健脾、活血化瘀、升阳散结的功效[5]。醒脑开窍针可醒脑开窍、祛风通络、活血化瘀，老十针由十个穴位组成，可通窍利耳、调节神经、补益气血、调和脏腑、强壮筋骨[6-7]。本研究通过观察老年气虚血瘀型脑梗死衰弱患者经加味补中益气活血汤、醒脑开窍针、老十针的疗效，为临床提供更多的治疗选择。报道如下。
1　研究对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
本研究为前瞻性、随机对照研究。选取2022年6月—2023年8月于医院就诊的老年气虚血瘀型脑梗死衰弱患者120例，随机分为常规组和试验组。常规组60例，男38例，女22例；年龄61～79岁，平均（70.54±4.32）岁；病程5～18 d，平均（11.24±2.21）d；合并糖尿病15例，心血管疾病23例；梗死部位额颞叶皮质区12例，枕叶皮质区4例，基底核区16例，放射冠区9例，脑干及小脑19例。试验组60例，男31例，女29例；年龄62～78岁，平均（71.30±4.97）岁；病程4～19 d，平均（11.87±3.20）d；合并糖尿病19例，心血管疾病20例；梗死部位额颞叶皮质区11例，枕叶皮质区5例，基底核区19例，放射冠区10例，脑干及小脑15例。两组基线资料均衡可比（P>0.05）。医院伦理委员会批准本研究开展，患者或家属均知情同意。
1.2　纳入、排除标准
纳入标准：（1）结合临床表现、头颅CT或MRI检查确诊为脑梗死[8]；（2）根据《中国脑梗死中西医结合诊治指南》中证型分型标准[9]，结合中医四诊，符合气虚血瘀型的证候特点，即面色苍白或萎黄，气短懒言，心悸乏力，肢体麻木或偏瘫，舌淡或紫暗，苔薄白或白腻，脉沉细或沉涩；（3）年龄≥60岁；（4）病程在1个月以内；（5）首次发病；（6）患者及家属知情并同意参加本研究。
排除标准：（1）脑梗死为进展性加重或短暂性脑缺血发作等；（2）合并其他类型的脑卒中，如脑出血、蛛网膜下腔出血、脑静脉窦血栓形成等；（3）合并严重心、肝、肾等脏器功能不全或失代偿；（4）合并严重出凝血平衡紊乱或存在活动性出血倾向；（5）合并严重感染性疾病、自身免疫性疾病或恶性肿瘤；（6）2周内曾应用抗生素、益生菌制剂进行治疗；（7）鼻饲饮食；（8）对中药或针刺过敏或有其他禁忌证；（9）合并严重精神疾病或认知障碍。
1.3　方法
常规组给予常规治疗+加味补中益气活血汤+常规针刺。（1）常规治疗包括卧床休息、吸氧、密切观察生命体征、保持呼吸道通畅、及时做心电图检查等，使用扩血管药物、脱水剂、抗血小板聚集药物、抗凝药物、神经营养等药物，并进行营养支持，口服营养补剂；（2）加味补中益气活血汤组方为黄芪60 g，党参30 g，陈皮15 g，白术15 g，当归10 g，柴胡10 g，升麻10 g，甘草5 g。有寒凉症状加干姜、肉桂；有气滞症状加枳壳、青皮；有湿痰症状加半夏、茯苓。加水适量，煎煮成300 mL，分2次服用，1剂/d，连服12周；（3）常规针刺：①针具：选用“汉医”一次性使用无菌针灸针（0.25 mm×40 mm），用酒精棉球对术者刺手与选穴皮肤进行严格消毒。②穴位：以手足阳明经为主，辅以太阳、少阳经穴。上肢：肩髃、曲池、手三里、外关、合谷。下肢：风市、血海、梁丘、阳陵泉、足三里、三阴交、太冲。③针刺方法：采用单手快速进针法，肩髃：向三角肌方向斜刺0.8～1.5寸；曲池、手三里、风市、血海、梁丘、阳陵泉、足三里、三阴交均直刺1～1.5寸；外关、合谷、太冲直刺0.5～1寸，均采用平补平泻法，均匀向左向右捻转得气，幅度为180°，留针30 min。④治疗疗程：周一至周五1次/d，5次/周，20次为1个疗程，共治疗3个疗程。
试验组采用常规治疗+加味补中益气活血汤+醒脑开窍针合老十针。常规治疗、加味补中益气活血汤治疗方式同常规组。（1）醒脑开窍针：①针具：选用“汉医”一次性使用无菌针灸针（0.25 mm×40 mm），用常规75%酒精棉球对术者刺手与选穴皮肤进行消毒。②穴位：主要穴位包括双侧内关、人中和患侧的三阴交，辅助穴位包括双侧风池、完骨、翳风，以及廉泉和夹廉泉。双侧内关直刺0.5～1寸，施捻转提插结合泻法持续1 min；人中向鼻中隔方向斜刺，施雀啄泻法进针0.3～0.5寸，患者流泪或眼球湿润为宜；三阴交沿胫骨内侧缘与皮肤成45°角斜刺，施提插补法进针1～1.5寸，患侧下肢抽动3次为宜；风池、完骨和翳风均向喉结方向进针约1～1.5寸，每穴小幅度高频率捻转补法1 min，患者主诉咽喉麻胀感为宜。左右夹廉泉刺向舌根部，捻转泻法轻捻缓进3寸，以舌根部酸麻胀感为度。留针30 min。④治疗时间：周一至周五1次/d，5次/周，20次为1个疗程，共治疗3个疗程。（2）老十针：①针具：选用“汉医”一次性使用无菌针灸针（0.25 mm×40 mm），常规酒精棉球对术者刺手与选穴皮肤进行严格消毒。②穴位：主穴：内关（双）、足三里（双）、天枢（双）、上脘、中脘、下脘、气海。辅穴：风池、百会、合谷；③针刺方法：上脘、中脘、下脘、气海、天枢直刺1～1.5寸，足三里直刺1.5寸，内关直刺0.5～1寸，采用平补平泻手法，均以得气为度，留针30 min。④治疗时间：周一至周五1次/d，5次/周，20次为1个疗程，共治疗3个疗程。醒脑开窍针与老十针治疗间隔1 h以上。
1.4　观察指标
1.4.1　治疗前、后两组中医证候积分
治疗前、后根据《中医内科病症诊疗指南》中相关标准评价[10]，主症包括半身不遂、言语謇涩、感觉消退，无、轻、中、重分别0、2、4、6分，次症包括气短乏力、面色苍白、自汗、舌质淡白、舌苔白腻，无、轻、中、重分别0、1、2、3分。
1.4.2　治疗前、后两组神经功能
经美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National institute of health stroke scale，NIHSS）评价，总分42分，分数越低，神经功能恢复越好；治疗前、后采集患者静脉血5 mL，采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清氧化低密度脂蛋白（Oxidized low density lipoprotein，ox-LDL）、神经元核抗原（Neuron-specific nuclear protein，NeuN）水平。
1.4.3　治疗前、后两组血液流变学指标
治疗前、后采用全自动血液流变仪检测患者全血黏度（Blood viscosity，BV）、全血还原黏度（Blood reduction viscosity，BRV）、血浆黏度（Plasma visocosity，PV）。
1.4.4　治疗前、后两组营养状态
经微型营养评估量表（Mini nutrition assessment，MNA）评价，总分30分，分数越高，营养状态越好；治疗前、后采集静脉血5 mL，全自动生化分析仪检测血清白蛋白（Albumin，ALB）、血清前白蛋白（Prealbumin，PA）。
1.4.5　临床疗效
根据《中医内科病症诊疗指南》评价[10]，痊愈：中医证候积分降低≥90%，神经功能及营养状态正常，日常生活自理；显效：45%≤中医证候积分降低<90%，神经功能及营养状态明显改善，日常活动需少许协助；有效：18%≤中医证候积分降低<45%，神经功能及营养状态有所改善，多数日常活动需护理或协助；无效：中医证候积分降低<18%，神经功能及营养状态未改善或加重，日常生活需全方位协助。总有效例数＝痊愈例数+显效例数+有效例数。
1.4.6　不良反应
评价两组治疗后的不良反应情况。
1.5　统计学检验
用SPSS 25.0软件分析数据，以（）表示计量资料，用独立样本或配对样本t检验；以例（%）表示计数资料，用χ2检验，等级比较用秩和Z检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2　结果
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2.1　中医证候积分比较
治疗后试验组、常规组中医主症积分、次症积分及总分均较治疗前降低（P<0.05），试验组均较常规组降低（P<0.05）。见表1。
2.2　神经功能比较
治疗后试验组、常规组NIHSS评分、ox-LDL、NeuN均较治疗前降低（P<0.05），试验组均较常规组降低（P<0.05）。见表2。
2.3　血液流变学指标
治疗后试验组、常规组BV、BRV、PV均较治疗前降低（P<0.05），试验组均较常规组降低（P<0.05）。见表3。
2.4　营养状态比较
治疗后试验组、常规组MNA评分、ALB、PA均较治疗前升高（P<0.05），试验组均较常规组升高（P<0.05）。见表4。
2.5　临床疗效比较
试验组临床疗效等级分布及总有效率均较常规组升高（P<0.05）。见表5。
2.6　不良反应
常规组无明显不良反应，试验组1例针刺部位红肿，未干预即好转。
3　讨论
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脑梗死发病机制复杂，涉及血管病变、血液高凝、血流动力学改变、炎症反应、氧化应激、神经递质失衡、细胞凋亡等多种因素[11-13]。老年人是脑梗死的主要人群，其预后受多种因素的影响，其中衰弱被认为是重要影响因素之一，衰弱可影响患者免疫功能，增加感染风险，并降低肌肉功能，导致肌肉萎缩、肢体无力、活动受限，同时延缓神经组织修复和再生，影响患者认知、记忆、语言、情绪等恢复[14]。且有研究认为，脑梗死衰弱患者易发生再次卒中、心血管事件、感染、营养不良、压疮等并发症，影响生存质量和预后[15-16]。因此，积极探究老年脑梗死衰弱患者治疗方案具有重要的临床意义。
本研究显示，治疗后试验组中医证候积分、NIHSS评分、ox-LDL、NeuN、BV、BRV、PV均较常规组降低，MNA评分、ALB、PA及临床总有效率均较常规组升高，提示加味补中益气活血汤联合醒脑开窍针合老十针可改善患者中医证候、神经功能、血液流变学指标，提升临床疗效。中医认为脑梗死属于中风、中风痰迷、中风瘀阻等范畴，病机主要为情志不遂、饮食不节、劳倦过度等致气血失和，脏腑功能失调，经络阻塞，气血运行不畅，或外感风邪，内生痰瘀，风痰瘀互结，阻塞脑络，脑失所养而发病[17-19]。气虚血瘀型是老年脑梗死患者常见证型，其治疗原则为祛瘀通络，活血化瘀，补益气血，开窍醒神，并辅以针灸手法，调整机体平衡[20-22]。加味补中益气活血汤由补中益气汤加减而成，黄芪益气固表，党参益气生津、健脾益胃，陈皮理气化痰、行气止呕，白术健脾益胃、利水消肿，当归活血调经、滋阴补血，柴胡疏肝解郁、调和气机，升麻清肝解郁、升阳散寒，甘草调和各药物作用，可增强方剂的整体效果。诸药合用，益气健脾，活血化瘀，升阳散结，具有补充气血、增强体力、促进消化及营养吸收、调节情绪、改善血液循环等作用。现代药理学研究显示，加味补中益气活血汤可调节免疫细胞的数量和活性，增强机体的抵抗力，提高免疫功能，从而促进营养吸收和代谢，促进胃肠道的吸收和利用营养物质，增加消化酶的分泌，改善消化功能，并调节体内代谢过程，提高蛋白质、糖类和脂肪的合成和利用，增加机体的营养供应，通过增强脾胃的运化功能，提高机体的免疫力和抗病能力，同时通过活血化瘀，改善微循环，促进气血的运行，防止血液淤滞，从而改善脑梗死病情及衰弱状态[23-24]。醒脑开窍针由醒脑开窍穴位组合而成，内关、人中、三阴交为主穴，能调节心脑血管功能，改善脑部供血，醒脑开窍，恢复神志；风池、完骨、翳风、廉泉、夹廉泉为配穴，可针对不同的症状，如手指握固、吞咽障碍、语言不利、足内翻等，进行个体化的调整，疏通经络，恢复功能[25-26]。老十针包括10个穴位，内关、足三里、天枢等穴位可以调节心脑血管功能，扩张血管，增加血流量，改善脑缺血状态，促进神经功能恢复；上脘、中脘、下脘、气海等穴位可以健脾和胃，益气养血，增强机体吸收能力及抗病能力；辅助穴位根据患者的具体症状和体质，选择相应的穴位，如风池、百会、合谷等，以疏风清热、熄风止痉、开窍醒神[27]。加味补中益气活血汤联合醒脑开窍针合老十针可从不同机制发挥作用，调整脏腑功能，平衡阴阳，调和气血，增强机体抵抗力，改善治疗效果。
本研究还发现，常规组无明显不良反应，试验组1例针刺部位红肿，未干预即好转，提示加味补中益气活血汤、醒脑开窍针、老十针均安全可靠。加味补中益气活血汤的药物组成和配伍合理，既有温补中气药物，又有活血化瘀药物，还有升阳举陷药物，能够调节气血运行，改善脏腑功能，不易补而不燥、活而不散。醒脑开窍针和老十针均根据中医辨证论治原则，选取适合患者的穴位和针法，而非盲目刺激，有针对性地调整气血、疏通经络、平衡阴阳，且非一成不变的固定方案，而是根据患者的病情变化和反应，灵活调整用法，增减或变换穴位和针法，以达到最佳的治疗效果及安全性[28]。
综上所述，老年气虚血瘀型脑梗死衰弱患者经加味补中益气活血汤、醒脑开窍针合老十针治疗可改善其中医症状、神经功能、血液流变学指标及营养状态，提高临床疗效，且安全可靠。本研究的创新之处在于综合了中药内服和针灸外治的优势，既能调整全身气血，又能针对局部病灶，提高治疗效果。未来应增加观察指标，采用更多的客观和主观的检查和评价手段，全面反映该方案对患者的神经功能、脑血管功能、免疫功能、营养状态、生活质量等方面的影响，提高研究的全面性和深入性，并延长随访时间，观察该方案对患者的远期效果和安全性，分析该方案的成本效益和社会效益，提高研究的实用性和推广性。
基金
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  • 山东省中医药科技项目青年项目(Q-2022006)
  • 青岛市中医药科技项目青年项目(2022-zyyq01)
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参考文献 引证文献
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2025年第43卷第8期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.08.037
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2025-08-10
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基金
山东省中医药科技项目青年项目(Q-2022006)
青岛市中医药科技项目青年项目(2022-zyyq01)
作者信息
    青岛大学附属青岛市海慈医院，青岛市中医医院，山东 青岛 266000

通讯作者:

徐萍（1986-），女，山东青岛人，副主任医师，硕士，研究方向：针灸、康复治疗脑病。E-mail：。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zhzyyxk/CN/10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.08.037
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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