Article(id=1322926276775903301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923782029062261, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.06.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339803164, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1749484800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339803164, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339803164, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339803164, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322923782029062261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1749484800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339208371, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340556755, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929437859258468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923782029062261, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929437859258469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923782029062261, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=66, endPage=70, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322926278361350214, articleId=1322926276775903301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Research Progress on Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)-Huangqi(Astragali Radix)on NF-κB Pathway, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)-Huangqi(Astragali Radix)is one of the commonly used Chinese medicine prescriptions,which has a clear compatibility significance for the use of traditional Chinese medicine,and is one of the most representative drug combinations.It can not only be a formula by itself,but also be used as a combination of clinical basic drugs,so it has always been paid attention to by various doctors.Modern pharmacological studies have also shown that Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)-Huangqi(Astragali Radix)has a good effect on promoting hematopoietic production,inhibiting tumor growth and proliferation,protecting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular vessels,and regulating the immune system,and is often used in clinical treatment of vascular diseases and immunosuppression in tumor patients.Inflammatory factors mediated by nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)related signaling pathways play an important role in the formation and progression of disease.Studies have shown that TCM monomer and single drug can mediate the reduction of inflammatory response through NF-κB signaling pathway,including regulating the expressions of interleukin(IL)family,cycloceuxy-2(COX-2),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),matrix protease(MMPs)family and other factors,and play an anti-inflammatory role in inhibiting cell adhesion and proliferation.In view of this,the pharmacology and efficacy of Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)-Huangqi(Astragali Radix)and the regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway were reviewed in this paper,so as to provide relevant reference for future clinical application.

, authors=Yarong LI1, Sufen DU1, Xinke ZHAO2, Wenyuan MA2, Jing TIAN1, Zuohuan MENG2, authorsList=Yarong LI, Sufen DU, Xinke ZHAO, Wenyuan MA, Jing TIAN, Zuohuan MENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zuohuan MENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322926281414803529, articleId=1322926276775903301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=当归-黄芪药物作用于NF-κB通路的抗炎机制研究进展, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

当归-黄芪是中药方剂中常用的药对之一,药对使用有着明确的中医配伍意义,是具有较强代表性的药物组合之一。不仅可自成一方,还能作为临床基础药物组方配伍使用,故历来受到各医家的重视。当代药理学研究证实,当归与黄芪的药效组合在激发造血功能、抑制肿瘤细胞生长、保护心脑血管、免疫系统调节方面具有良好的效果,临床常用于血管病变、肿瘤患者免疫低下等方面的治疗。核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)相关信号通路所介导的炎症因子在疾病的形成与发展中起到了极为重要的作用。研究显示中药单体及单药可通过NF-κB信号通路介导减少炎症反应,包括调控白介素(interleukin,IL)家族、环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenased-2,COX-2)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、基质蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase,MMPs)家族等因子的表达,起到抗炎抑制细胞黏附、增殖的作用。鉴于此,对当归-黄芪药理、功效及对NF-κB信号通路的调节进行综述,以为今后临床应用提供相关参考依据。

, authors=李亚荣1, 杜素芬1, 赵信科2, 马文苑2, 田静1, 孟作环2, authorsList=李亚荣, 杜素芬, 赵信科, 马文苑, 田静, 孟作环, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孟作环, authorNote=

李亚荣(1975-),男,甘肃平川人,副主任中药师,学士,研究方向:临床中药学。

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孟作环(1980-),男,甘肃靖远人,高级工程师,硕士,研究方向:中医药。E-mail:。
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李亚荣(1975-),男,甘肃平川人,副主任中药师,学士,研究方向:临床中药学。

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李亚荣(1975-),男,甘肃平川人,副主任中药师,学士,研究方向:临床中药学。

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当归-黄芪药物作用于NF-κB通路的抗炎机制研究进展
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李亚荣 1 , 杜素芬 1 , 赵信科 2 , 马文苑 2 , 田静 1 , 孟作环 2
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(6): 66-70
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (6) : 66 -70
当归-黄芪药物作用于NF-κB通路的抗炎机制研究进展
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李亚荣(1975-),男,甘肃平川人,副主任中药师,学士,研究方向:临床中药学。

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李亚荣(1975-),男,甘肃平川人,副主任中药师,学士,研究方向:临床中药学。

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李亚荣1, 杜素芬1, 赵信科2, 马文苑2, 田静1, 孟作环2
作者信息
  • 1.白银市第一人民医院药剂科,甘肃 白银 730900
  • 2.白银市第一人民医院中医药研究所,甘肃 白银 730900
通讯作者:
孟作环(1980-),男,甘肃靖远人,高级工程师,硕士,研究方向:中医药。E-mail:。
作者简介:

李亚荣(1975-),男,甘肃平川人,副主任中药师,学士,研究方向:临床中药学。

Research Progress on Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)-Huangqi(Astragali Radix)on NF-κB Pathway
Yarong LI1, Sufen DU1, Xinke ZHAO2, Wenyuan MA2, Jing TIAN1, Zuohuan MENG2
Affiliations
  • 1.Pharmacy Department of The First People's Hospital of Baiyin,Baiyin 730900,Gansu,China
  • 2Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine,First People's Hospital of Baiyin,Baiyin 730900,Gansu,China
出版时间: 2025-06-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.06.011
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当归-黄芪是中药方剂中常用的药对之一,药对使用有着明确的中医配伍意义,是具有较强代表性的药物组合之一。不仅可自成一方,还能作为临床基础药物组方配伍使用,故历来受到各医家的重视。当代药理学研究证实,当归与黄芪的药效组合在激发造血功能、抑制肿瘤细胞生长、保护心脑血管、免疫系统调节方面具有良好的效果,临床常用于血管病变、肿瘤患者免疫低下等方面的治疗。核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)相关信号通路所介导的炎症因子在疾病的形成与发展中起到了极为重要的作用。研究显示中药单体及单药可通过NF-κB信号通路介导减少炎症反应,包括调控白介素(interleukin,IL)家族、环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenased-2,COX-2)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、基质蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase,MMPs)家族等因子的表达,起到抗炎抑制细胞黏附、增殖的作用。鉴于此,对当归-黄芪药理、功效及对NF-κB信号通路的调节进行综述,以为今后临床应用提供相关参考依据。

当归  /  黄芪  /  核转录因子-κB  /  炎症因子  /  抗炎机制

Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)-Huangqi(Astragali Radix)is one of the commonly used Chinese medicine prescriptions,which has a clear compatibility significance for the use of traditional Chinese medicine,and is one of the most representative drug combinations.It can not only be a formula by itself,but also be used as a combination of clinical basic drugs,so it has always been paid attention to by various doctors.Modern pharmacological studies have also shown that Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)-Huangqi(Astragali Radix)has a good effect on promoting hematopoietic production,inhibiting tumor growth and proliferation,protecting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular vessels,and regulating the immune system,and is often used in clinical treatment of vascular diseases and immunosuppression in tumor patients.Inflammatory factors mediated by nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)related signaling pathways play an important role in the formation and progression of disease.Studies have shown that TCM monomer and single drug can mediate the reduction of inflammatory response through NF-κB signaling pathway,including regulating the expressions of interleukin(IL)family,cycloceuxy-2(COX-2),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),matrix protease(MMPs)family and other factors,and play an anti-inflammatory role in inhibiting cell adhesion and proliferation.In view of this,the pharmacology and efficacy of Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)-Huangqi(Astragali Radix)and the regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway were reviewed in this paper,so as to provide relevant reference for future clinical application.

Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)  /  Huangqi(Astragali Radix)  /  nuclear transcription factor-κB  /  inflammatory factors  /  anti-inflammatory mechanism
李亚荣, 杜素芬, 赵信科, 马文苑, 田静, 孟作环. 当归-黄芪药物作用于NF-κB通路的抗炎机制研究进展. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (6) : 66 -70 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.06.011
Yarong LI, Sufen DU, Xinke ZHAO, Wenyuan MA, Jing TIAN, Zuohuan MENG. Research Progress on Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)-Huangqi(Astragali Radix)on NF-κB Pathway[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (6) : 66 -70 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.06.011
黄芪与当归均为传统中药中的重要品种,二者相结合成为临床实践中最为常见的药物搭配之一。当归补血汤的组方源于金元时期,李东恒在《内外伤辩惑论》中首次记载了由黄芪与当归以5∶1的比例构成的方剂,是临床常用的活血、益气补血的经典药方,被称为“气血双补”代表方之一[1-3]。汪昂在《医方集解·理血之剂》中阐述:“当归气息浓厚,属性为阴中之阴,因此具有滋养阴血之功效。黄芪则为补气之良药……当归的功效如能得以发挥,便可促使生血”[4-5]。故黄芪与当归的协同应用,能实现阴阳调和,动静相辅,从而达到补气养血、活血化瘀,增进脉络通畅之功效。核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)作为一种核转录因子,实质为一种蛋白质复合物。该因子主要调控DNA转录、细胞因子生成以及细胞生存[6]。NF-κB几乎存在于所有动物细胞类型中,并参与细胞对各类刺激的反应,如细胞因子、应激和自由基等,因此NF-κB不仅在机体生理活动中扮演着重要角色,其异常活化也与众多疾病存在十分密切的关系,如肿瘤[7]、类风湿性关节炎[8]、糖尿病等[9]。因此抑制NF-κB通路,避免其过度活化,减轻炎症反应在疾病的治疗中起着十分重要的意义。随着科技的进步,中药在抑制NF-κB信号通路方面的应用逐渐成为医学研究的热点。这一领域的研究对于多种疾病的治疗具有重要意义,引起了广泛的关注[10-13]。鉴于此,本文对当归-黄芪药理、功效及对NF-κB信号通路的调节进行综述,以为今后临床应用提供相关参考依据。
黄芪是一种补气草本植物,特点在于包含多种有益化学成分,如黄酮类、皂苷类、多糖类、微量元素等。黄酮类成分存在于黄芪中,具有抑制miR-33与NF-κB通路的作用。通过抑制这些通路,黄酮成分能够降低巨噬细胞的清道夫受体活性,从而改善肝脏的脂肪变性与脂质代谢紊乱。基于此,黄芪黄酮成分在动脉粥样硬化的预防和治疗方面表现出显著效果[14-15]。相比较,肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)可能会降低细胞活力[16],诱导细胞亡[17],促进动脉粥样硬化的发生[18],这可以通过黄芪的应用来避免。
近年来,黄芪在中医和现代医学中的应用不断得到探索和研究。除了在预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化方面的功效外[19-22],黄芪还具有其他多种作用。黄芪多糖是一种营养补充剂,有助于提高机体抗氧化功能及平衡免疫系统[23-25]。其经由调控miR-721、PPAR-y、PI3K/AKT及GLUT4信号转导,增进葡萄糖摄取,同时提升3T3-L1脂肪细胞对胰岛素的敏感性。研究发现[26-28],黄芪水提取物具备抑制ApoE小鼠动脉基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)表达的作用,从而降低巨噬细胞浸润并减缓动脉粥样硬化斑块形成。
当归是一种补益良药,在其化学成分中含有机酸、香豆素、苯酞等多种成分[29]。阿魏酸是当归中的主要成分之一,具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗血小板聚集等多种生物活性[30]。此外,当归还被认为可以通过激活细胞自噬机制延缓动脉粥样硬化的形成和进展[31-32]。在当归中,含有多种活性成分,其中,阿魏酸是当归的主要成分之一,具有多种生物活性。首先,阿魏酸具有抗炎作用。研究表明[33-35],阿魏酸可以抑制炎症反应的发生,降低炎症程度。同时,当归中还含有一些其他成分,如翁炯酸[36]、丙二酸[37]等,也被证明具有抗炎作用。其次,阿魏酸还具有抗氧化作用。氧自由基是导致细胞氧化损伤的主要因素,而阿魏酸可以通过清除自由基,减轻氧化损伤。此外,阿魏酸还具有抗血小板聚集作用。研究表明[38-40],当归中的阿魏酸可以抑制血小板的聚集,防止血管内血栓的形成。此外,当归可以通过激活细胞自噬机制[41],延缓动脉粥样硬化的形成和进展。总之,当归作为一种传统的中药,含有多种活性成分,具有多种生物活性,可延缓多种疾病的进展。
NF-κB家族乃一类多肽复合体,其主要成员包括c-Rel、RelB、p105/p50、p100/p52以及RelA(又称p65),在炎症反应中起着至关重要的媒介作用[42]。其对于免疫系统的发育[43]、动态平衡[44]以及炎症反应的协调[45]发挥非常重要作用。该家族的亚基能够生成多种类型的NF-κB二聚体,其中,与NF-κB抑制因子(IkB)相结合的二聚体保持活性,如RelA-p50、p65-c-Rel、p52-RelB等。在受到NF-κB信号激发时,IKKs会使IkB发生磷酸化,进而引发IkB被蛋白酶体降解,从而使NF-κB二聚体进入细胞核并诱导下游基因转录活性的过程[46-47]。NF-κB作为一种关键的转录因子,在众多生理和病理过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。其激活途径可分为两种,分别为经典途径和替代途径。在经典途径中,当肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素(IL)-1β和脂多糖(LPS)等促炎细胞因子刺激IKK复合体时,IKB会被磷酸化并激活。随后,IKB的磷酸化和泛素化过程使其被蛋白酶体降解。因此,游离的NF-κB二聚体得以与DNA结合,并启动NF-κB靶基因的转录。这种通路主要激活p50/p65 NF-κB二聚体,进而参与先天免疫、炎症和细胞存活相关基因的转录[48]。针对非经典途径,其主要作用机制是通过激活IKB激酶α来介导p50/p52 NF-κB二聚体的活化,进而参与淋巴器官发育、B细胞成熟以及体液免疫过程[49]。因此在许多疾病中NF-κB多存在异常表达,在疾病的发生机制中扮演着十分重要的角色。
EMT细胞中的NF-κB经典途径被激活,导致一系列促炎性细胞因子表达上调,例如IL-1、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α,它们能促进巨噬细胞游走抑制因子(MIF)、趋化因子配体5(CCL5)、基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)、MMP-9以及细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)和血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)的转录活性,从而介导炎症反应和上皮间质转化(EMT)病理过程,NF-κB在其中扮演着至关重要的作用。NF-κB是一种细胞核转录因子,它在多种生理和病理过程中发挥着重要的作用,其中包括炎症反应和创伤修复等。如在子宫内膜病变中[50],NF-κB的经典途径被激活,可引发一系列的炎症反应和促炎性因子的表达上调。IL-1、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α等促炎性因子是炎症反应的典型代表,它们能够促进炎症反应的进程、加重病变的程度。而MIF、CCL5、MMP-3、MMP-9、ICAM-1和VCAM-1等因子在EMT的发生过程中发挥着重要的作用[51]。MIF能够抑制巨噬细胞的游走,从而减缓炎症反应的进程;CCL5能够吸引T细胞等炎性细胞进入病变组织,加重病变的程度;MMP-3和MMP-9能够破坏基质,从而促进细胞的迁移和侵袭;ICAM-1和VCAM-1能够增强细胞的黏附和迁移能力,从而加剧炎症反应和EMT的发生。因此,NF-κB在EMT的发生中扮演着重要的角色,它能够调节多个促炎性因子和组织修复相关因子的表达,从而影响EMT的进程和病变的程度[52]。白细胞介素(IL)是一种免疫调节分子,具有激活和调节免疫细胞的功能,包括T细胞和B细胞的增长、分化及激活过程。在炎症反应中,IL发挥着关键作用。作为淋巴因子家族的一员,IL由淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞等细胞合成产生。其中,IL-1β可促进TNF-α的分泌,并通过NF-κB途径增加MMP-3的释放,从而促进EMT细胞的迁移和侵袭。
NF-κB信号通路介导的化学信号通讯是氧化应激、铁过载和血管生成EMT的关键机制[53-54]。氧化应激和体内因血红蛋白分解导致的铁过载都会引发一系列生理反应。其中,释放的促炎性血红蛋白产物及由ROS产生的氧化应激信号可诱导炎症反应,并激活巨噬细胞,进而产生相应的细胞因子和氧化酶。氧化应激是大多数疾病发生的一个重要因素,ROS[55]可以引起脂质过氧化,并损伤子宫内膜细胞的DNA,进而促进炎症反应和巨噬细胞的激活,加速内皮生长。同时,铁过载[56]也会导致组织的氧化还原反应,影响细胞的内环境平衡,促进细胞的异常分化和增殖,从而加速疾病的进程。NF-κB信号通路是调控细胞炎症和氧化应激反应的一个重要的途径。在机体组织中,促炎性血红蛋白分解产物和ROS等因素都可以激活NF-κB信号通路,进而诱导细胞因子的产生和酶的氧化反应,促进血管生成和内皮生长。在治疗疾病过程中,需要对患者的氧化应激和铁过载等因素进行干预。通过调节氧化应激反应和铁过载的程度,减少NF-κB信号通路的活性,可以有效地控制组织的炎症反应和血管生成,从而较好地控制EMT的进程[57]。氧化应激与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)作为关键信号分子,在内皮细胞生长与血管形成过程中发挥着重要调控作用,NF-κB在VEGF作用下促进血管内皮细胞的增殖和分裂,从而帮助疾病及其相关症状的传播和维持[58]。氧化应激和血管内皮生长因子VEGF是非常重要的信号分子,它们对管理内皮细胞生长和血管形成起着关键作用。从分子和细胞角度来看,这些信号分子可以帮助促进细胞增殖和分裂,从而帮助维持和推动异位内膜增长。具体而言,VEGF可以通过激活NF-κB信号通路来促进血管内皮细胞的增殖和分裂。这个过程中,VEGF与其受体结合,激活下游的信号传导通路,最终导致NF-κB的激活。激活后的NF-κB则可以促进细胞增殖和分裂,进而帮助EMT及其相关症状的传播和维持。因此,在医学实践中,我们可以利用这些信号分子,通过调控其表达和活性,来帮助治疗一些相关的疾病。比如,在一些肿瘤治疗中,可以利用VEGF和NF-κB信号通路的激活来促进血管密度的增加,从而帮助肿瘤生长和扩散[59]。总的来说,氧化应激和VEGF等信号分子在内皮细胞生长和血管形成中起着至关重要的作用,对于医学实践有着非常重要的意义。
NF-κB为一组高度保守且结构相关的转录因子,其在疾病发生与发展过程中具有显著影响。相关研究证实[60-62],黄芪-当归通过抑制NF-κB通路,有效减缓非小细胞肺癌A549与NCI-H358细胞的增殖速度。实验表明,给予这两种细胞株NF-κB激动剂后,黄芪多糖对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用有所减弱;反之,使用NF-κB抑制剂则可增强黄芪-当归对肿瘤的抑制效果。这些结果充分证实了黄芪-当归与NF-κB之间存在密切的相互作用。一项动物研究也表明[63],在脾淋巴细胞Th1细胞相关因子转录水平及Th1与Tregs细胞增殖影响方面,通过构建荷瘤小鼠模型以评估黄芪-当归的干预效果。实验结果显示,黄芪皂苷Ⅱ能够促进Th1细胞因子释放,激活核转录因子,增强抗肿瘤免疫反应,进而抑制模型小鼠肝癌H22细胞增殖。此外另一项研究中[64],经黄芪-当归汤疗程后,子宫内膜大鼠模型病灶体积明显缩小,血清中IL-6水平下降,IL-10浓度上升。同时,内膜组织中NF-κB、MMP-9、VEGF的mRNA及蛋白质表达水平降低,而Bax mRNA及蛋白质表达上升。通过抑制NF-κB通路,调节异位内膜微环境,从而实现对子宫内膜异位症(EMT)的治疗目标。可见,在调控NF-κB信号通路的过程中,黄芪-当归配伍使用可充分发挥重要作用。
NF-κB信号通路作为炎症信号关键的传导途径之一,其活性可被TNF-α迅速激活。在诸多代谢性疾病中,激活状态的NF-κB发挥着至关重要的角色,例如促进炎症进程、加剧间质纤维化以及肾脏纤维化等病变发展。研究表明[65-68]活化后的NF-κB能够促使成纤维细胞和肾固有细胞迅速产生前纤维化因子,激发肾脏组织分泌趋化因子与细胞黏附分子等,从而引发单核巨噬细胞的浸润,造成组织炎症反应。同时,这一过程还促进纤维细胞的过度增生与分化,进一步加剧肾脏组织的纤维化进程。大多学者[69-71]NF-κB被视为多数信号传导途径的交汇点,具备正向与反向调控基因表达的能力。受其调控的基因所产生的一系列表型产物,在炎症和免疫应答反应中均具有一定作用。以糖尿病为例,NF-κB能促进细胞凋亡,发挥抑制疾病发展的作用。另一方面,TNF-α作为关键炎症因子,主要由肾脏细胞生成。抑制TNF-α的表达,有助于减轻因过量分泌所引发的炎症损伤。当归补血汤[72]通过降低P38 MAPK蛋白表达,抑制磷酸化P38 MAPK的活化,有助于缓解血管炎症反应。在此过程中,当归挥发油、有机酸以及黄芪多糖作为主要抗炎成分发挥作用。动物实验也表明[73],当归-黄芪可通过调节NF-κB通路介导的炎症反应,从而降低心肌缺血再灌注大鼠血清中炎症促进因子IL-6与TNF-α的浓度。
NF-κB信号通路是系列细胞活动的中心环节,如炎症反应、细胞凋亡、分化、发育等,故与炎症性疾病、自身免疫性疾病和肿瘤等疾病形成有关。当归具备抗氧化功能,同时,当归与黄芪的水提物能够有效清除氧自由基[74]。可见,黄芪与当归在活性方面虽存在差异,但二者具有一定的互补效应,这对于改善某些疾病的病理变化具有积极意义当归-黄芪[75]降低NF-κB、ICAM-1、MMP-9、VEGF mRNA及蛋白的表达,可抑制子宫内膜的黏附-侵袭-血管形成能力;同时,它能增加E-cadherin、基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子1(TIMP1)的表达,降低MMP-2、MMP-9的表达,以及降低NF-κB通路IKKβ、pIκB-α、NF-κB p65蛋白表达,从而通过抑制NF-κB通路减少人子宫内膜基质干细胞的侵袭与黏附。当归-黄芪[76]还可以影响NF-κB的活化,继而改善肠道局部炎症状态,并可以影响肠道菌群的丰度和促进免疫功能的恢复,此外可以抑制TLR4、NF-κBp65蛋白的表达,减少肠黏膜的炎性因子浸润,降低肠黏膜通透性,为肠黏膜功能的后续修复提供有利条件。可见当归黄芪可通过对NF-κB通路机进行调节而对疾病起到治疗的作用,而对患者预后起到改善作用。
中药作为中华文化独特的重要组成部分,具有悠久的历史和广泛的应用。黄芪和当归是中药中常见且重要的药材,它们被用来配伍制作成为益气养血的中药方剂已有数百年的历史。在医学领域中,黄芪和当归的配伍被广泛应用于中医治疗中,并在现代医学研究中发现拥有许多治疗和保健的作用。其配伍有助于改善人体免疫系统的功能,保护肾脏和心血管系统,促进血液循环,提高机体免疫力,对于预防和治疗多种疾病具有显著的效果[77]。NF-κB信号通路具有多向性和多效性,能够调控相关蛋白,抑制NF-κB及其与DNA的结合活性。尽管在动物和细胞实验方面已有较多研究,但仍需深化对NF-κB信号通路的理解,以期为中药抑制NF-κB信号通路、减轻炎症反应提供理论依据(见插页ⅩⅣ图1)。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82360926)
  • 白银市科技计划项目(2020-ZX)
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2025年第43卷第6期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.06.011
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-06-10
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国家自然科学基金项目(82360926)
白银市科技计划项目(2020-ZX)
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    1.白银市第一人民医院药剂科,甘肃 白银 730900
    2.白银市第一人民医院中医药研究所,甘肃 白银 730900

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孟作环(1980-),男,甘肃靖远人,高级工程师,硕士,研究方向:中医药。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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