Article(id=1322926060261748865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322925862630339452, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.030, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339751544, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339751544, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339751544, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339751544, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322925862630339452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1752076800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339704424, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340532184, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929334587105328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322925862630339452, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929334587105329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322925862630339452, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=145, endPage=149, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322926060756676738, articleId=1322926060261748865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Causal Role of Immune Cells in Ischemic Stroke and Discussion on Theory of Positive Qi-Evil, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Modern studies have shown that immune cells play an important role in the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke(IS). Currently,the intrinsic mechanism of the theory of positive Qi-evil in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has not been elucidated yet,and a number of studies have suggested that immune cell-mediated immune homeostasis may be one of the important mechanisms of the theory of positive Qi-evil in TCM. In this paper,it used Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis to verify the causal relationship of immune cells on ISand further explored the intrinsic mechanism of the theory of positive Qi-evil.

Methods

Based on publicly available genetic data,a two-sample MR analysis was performed using immune cells as instrumental variables to explore the causal relationship between 731 immune cell phenotypes and the risk of IS prevalence. The inverse variance weighting(IVW)method as the primary method was used as a standardized analysis,supplemented by the use of weighted median,MR-Egger,Simple mode and Weighted mode. Cochrans Q was used to test the heterogeneity,and MR-Egger intercept to test the test-level pleiotropy.

Results

Eleven immune cell phenotypes were still found to be statistically significant(P<0.05 corrected for FDR):among them CD27 on memory B cell,CD27 on sw mem,CD27 on CD24+CD27+,CD27 on IgD-CD38dim,CD27 on IgD-CD38-,CD27 on IgD-CD38br,CD25 on IgD+and CD25 on IgD+CD38dim play a dangerous role for IS;CD40 on CD14-CD16+monocyte,CD40 on CD14+CD16-monocyte and CD40 on CD14+CD16+monocyte play a protective role for IS. Eight of them were in the B-cell group and three in the monocyte group. It was significant with CD27 and CD25 on B cells and CD40 on monocytes.

Conclusion

This study confirmed that immune cells play a key role in ISby genetic means,providing some reference for elucidating the intrinsic mechanism of the theory of positive Qi-evil.

, authors=Xiaomin ZHU1, Wei CHEN2, Guifeng ZHUO1, Shanshan PU1, Lin WU3, authorsList=Xiaomin ZHU, Wei CHEN, Guifeng ZHUO, Shanshan PU, Lin WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lin WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322926061725560967, articleId=1322926060261748865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=免疫细胞在缺血性中风中的因果作用及正邪理论探讨, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

现代研究表明免疫细胞在缺血性中风(IS)发生发展过程中具有重要作用,当前对于中医正邪理论的内在机制尚未阐明,不少研究认为免疫细胞介导的免疫平衡可能是中医正邪理论的重要机制之一。利用孟德尔随机化(MR)分析验证免疫细胞对IS的因果关系,并进一步探讨正邪理论的内在机理。

方法

基于公开的遗传数据,将免疫细胞作为工具变量进行双样本MR分析,探索731个免疫细胞表型与IS患病风险之间的因果关系。将逆方差加权(IVW)方法作为主要方法用作标准分析,使用加权中位数、MR-Egger、Simple mode和Weighted mode作为补充,Cochrans Q检验异质性、MR-Egger截距检验测试水平多效性。

结果

经FDR校正后,发现仍有11个免疫细胞表型具有统计学意义(经FDR校正的p<0.05):其中CD27 on memory B cell、CD27 on sw mem、CD27 on CD24+CD27+、CD27 on IgD-CD38dim、CD27 on IgD-CD38-、CD27 on IgD-CD38br、CD25 on IgD+和CD25 on IgD+CD38dim对IS的起危险作用;CD40 on CD14-CD16+monocyte、CD40 on CD14+CD16-monocyte、CD40 on CD14+CD16+monocyte对IS起保护作用。其中8个在B细胞组,3个在单核细胞组。以B细胞上的CD27、CD25和单核细胞上的CD40为显著。

结论

通过遗传学手段证实了免疫细胞在IS中发挥关键作用,为阐明正邪理论的内在机理提供一定的参考。

, authors=朱小敏1, 陈炜2, 卓桂锋1, 蒲珊珊1, 吴林3, authorsList=朱小敏, 陈炜, 卓桂锋, 蒲珊珊, 吴林, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=吴林, authorNote=

朱小敏(1997-),女,湖北荆州人,博士在读,研究方向:中医药防治脑病。

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吴林(1970-),男,广西桂林人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治脑病。E-mail:。
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朱小敏(1997-),女,湖北荆州人,博士在读,研究方向:中医药防治脑病。

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朱小敏(1997-),女,湖北荆州人,博士在读,研究方向:中医药防治脑病。

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免疫细胞特征细胞类型免疫性状OR值校正后P值
CD27 on sw memB细胞MFI1.030.004
CD27 on CD24+CD27+B细胞MFI1.030.018
CD27 on IgD-CD38dimB细胞MFI1.030.003
CD27 on IgD-CD38-B细胞MFI1.040.004
CD27 on IgD-CD38brB细胞MFI1.080.018
CD27 on memory B cellB细胞MFI1.040.017
CD25 on IgD+B细胞MFI1.030.031
CD25 on IgD+CD38dimB细胞MFI1.030.023
CD40 on CD14+CD16+monocyte单核细胞MFI0.970.003
CD40 on CD14+CD16-monocyte单核细胞MFI0.960.001
CD40 on CD14-CD16+monocyte单核细胞MFI0.970.009
), ArticleFig(id=1322926066251215031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926060261748865, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

与IS风险相关的免疫细胞信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
免疫细胞特征细胞类型免疫性状OR值校正后P值
CD27 on sw memB细胞MFI1.030.004
CD27 on CD24+CD27+B细胞MFI1.030.018
CD27 on IgD-CD38dimB细胞MFI1.030.003
CD27 on IgD-CD38-B细胞MFI1.040.004
CD27 on IgD-CD38brB细胞MFI1.080.018
CD27 on memory B cellB细胞MFI1.040.017
CD25 on IgD+B细胞MFI1.030.031
CD25 on IgD+CD38dimB细胞MFI1.030.023
CD40 on CD14+CD16+monocyte单核细胞MFI0.970.003
CD40 on CD14+CD16-monocyte单核细胞MFI0.960.001
CD40 on CD14-CD16+monocyte单核细胞MFI0.970.009
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免疫细胞在缺血性中风中的因果作用及正邪理论探讨
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朱小敏 1 , 陈炜 2 , 卓桂锋 1 , 蒲珊珊 1 , 吴林 3
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(7): 145-149
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (7) : 145 -149
免疫细胞在缺血性中风中的因果作用及正邪理论探讨
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朱小敏1, 陈炜2, 卓桂锋1, 蒲珊珊1, 吴林3
作者信息
  • 1.广西中医药大学研究生院,广西 南宁 530022
  • 2.广西中医药大学第一附属医院,广西 南宁 530023
  • 3.广西中医药大学科学实验中心,广西 南宁 530022
通讯作者:
吴林(1970-),男,广西桂林人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治脑病。E-mail:。
作者简介:

朱小敏(1997-),女,湖北荆州人,博士在读,研究方向:中医药防治脑病。

Causal Role of Immune Cells in Ischemic Stroke and Discussion on Theory of Positive Qi-Evil
Xiaomin ZHU1, Wei CHEN2, Guifeng ZHUO1, Shanshan PU1, Lin WU3
Affiliations
  • 1.Graduate School,Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanning 530022,Guangxi,China
  • 2.The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanning 530023,Guangxi,China
  • 3.Science Experimental Center,Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanning 530022,Guangxi,China
出版时间: 2025-07-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.030
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目的

现代研究表明免疫细胞在缺血性中风(IS)发生发展过程中具有重要作用,当前对于中医正邪理论的内在机制尚未阐明,不少研究认为免疫细胞介导的免疫平衡可能是中医正邪理论的重要机制之一。利用孟德尔随机化(MR)分析验证免疫细胞对IS的因果关系,并进一步探讨正邪理论的内在机理。

方法

基于公开的遗传数据,将免疫细胞作为工具变量进行双样本MR分析,探索731个免疫细胞表型与IS患病风险之间的因果关系。将逆方差加权(IVW)方法作为主要方法用作标准分析,使用加权中位数、MR-Egger、Simple mode和Weighted mode作为补充,Cochrans Q检验异质性、MR-Egger截距检验测试水平多效性。

结果

经FDR校正后,发现仍有11个免疫细胞表型具有统计学意义(经FDR校正的p<0.05):其中CD27 on memory B cell、CD27 on sw mem、CD27 on CD24+CD27+、CD27 on IgD-CD38dim、CD27 on IgD-CD38-、CD27 on IgD-CD38br、CD25 on IgD+和CD25 on IgD+CD38dim对IS的起危险作用;CD40 on CD14-CD16+monocyte、CD40 on CD14+CD16-monocyte、CD40 on CD14+CD16+monocyte对IS起保护作用。其中8个在B细胞组,3个在单核细胞组。以B细胞上的CD27、CD25和单核细胞上的CD40为显著。

结论

通过遗传学手段证实了免疫细胞在IS中发挥关键作用,为阐明正邪理论的内在机理提供一定的参考。

正邪理论  /  缺血性中风  /  免疫细胞  /  孟德尔随机化分析
Objective

Modern studies have shown that immune cells play an important role in the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke(IS). Currently,the intrinsic mechanism of the theory of positive Qi-evil in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has not been elucidated yet,and a number of studies have suggested that immune cell-mediated immune homeostasis may be one of the important mechanisms of the theory of positive Qi-evil in TCM. In this paper,it used Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis to verify the causal relationship of immune cells on ISand further explored the intrinsic mechanism of the theory of positive Qi-evil.

Methods

Based on publicly available genetic data,a two-sample MR analysis was performed using immune cells as instrumental variables to explore the causal relationship between 731 immune cell phenotypes and the risk of IS prevalence. The inverse variance weighting(IVW)method as the primary method was used as a standardized analysis,supplemented by the use of weighted median,MR-Egger,Simple mode and Weighted mode. Cochrans Q was used to test the heterogeneity,and MR-Egger intercept to test the test-level pleiotropy.

Results

Eleven immune cell phenotypes were still found to be statistically significant(P<0.05 corrected for FDR):among them CD27 on memory B cell,CD27 on sw mem,CD27 on CD24+CD27+,CD27 on IgD-CD38dim,CD27 on IgD-CD38-,CD27 on IgD-CD38br,CD25 on IgD+and CD25 on IgD+CD38dim play a dangerous role for IS;CD40 on CD14-CD16+monocyte,CD40 on CD14+CD16-monocyte and CD40 on CD14+CD16+monocyte play a protective role for IS. Eight of them were in the B-cell group and three in the monocyte group. It was significant with CD27 and CD25 on B cells and CD40 on monocytes.

Conclusion

This study confirmed that immune cells play a key role in ISby genetic means,providing some reference for elucidating the intrinsic mechanism of the theory of positive Qi-evil.

positive Qi-evil theory  /  ischemic stroke  /  immune cells  /  Mendelian randomization analysis
朱小敏, 陈炜, 卓桂锋, 蒲珊珊, 吴林. 免疫细胞在缺血性中风中的因果作用及正邪理论探讨. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (7) : 145 -149 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.030
Xiaomin ZHU, Wei CHEN, Guifeng ZHUO, Shanshan PU, Lin WU. Causal Role of Immune Cells in Ischemic Stroke and Discussion on Theory of Positive Qi-Evil[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (7) : 145 -149 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.030
缺血性中风(IS)是一种常见的脑血管疾病,主要是由于脑血管阻塞导致脑部血液供应障碍,导致局部脑损伤,临床表现为头晕、头痛、语言及感觉运动功能障碍,重者可出现昏迷[1]。中风是全球范围内致残和致死的第二大诱因,其中缺血性中风约占87%,随着人口老龄化与中风患者年轻化,中风发病率不断上升[2-3],截至2019年全球中风患者已有1.01亿例,致死人数为655万例[4]。因此早期识别并迅速干预IS有助于减少其致残与致死风险。现代医学发现,免疫反应参与IS发生、发展的全过程,是决定IS临床表现和预后的关键[5-7]。中医正邪理论源于《黄帝内经》,是中医学认识和诊疗疾病的经典理论。正气指机体抵御外邪、抗病修复的能力,邪气泛指一切致病因素。中医认为中风发病基础为正气亏虚,风、痰、气、火、瘀等邪气亢盛而发病[8]。免疫细胞介导的免疫反应包含巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞、自然杀伤细胞、外周血白细胞等,在维持脑内细胞平衡方面发挥着双重作用,研究显示,与对照组相比,IS患者中枢记忆CD8+T细胞、效应记忆CD8+T细胞、B细胞和Th1细胞计数显著下降,M1巨噬细胞和巨噬细胞评分明显升高[9],各组分之间相互作用形成抗病和促病因素,与中医学正邪理论可相呼应[10]。
孟德尔随机化(MR)是利用遗传变异作为工具变量评估暴露与结果因果关系的分析方法[11],能够减少观察性研究的缺陷,降低混淆和反向因果关系的影响。先前观察性研究认为免疫细胞与IS间存在着复杂而紧密的关联[12]。为了进一步探索免疫细胞在IS发病风险中的作用,我们进行了双样本MR分析,从基因遗传学层面来研究免疫细胞与IS间的因果关系。基于中医正邪理论,探讨731种免疫细胞与IS的中医逻辑关联,为阐明正邪理论的内在机理提供一定的参考。
采用双样本MR设计来研究731个免疫细胞与缺血性卒中之间的因果关系。该分析设计基于以下3个关键假设:(1)单核苷酸多样性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNP)与暴露密切相关;(2)SNP与潜在的混杂因素无关;(3)SNP仅通过暴露(免疫细胞)影响结局(缺血性卒中)。我们的研究方案遵循MR分析的STROBE-MR指南,所有方法都按照指南和规定进行[13]。
731种免疫细胞特性来自迄今为止发表的最大的外周血免疫表型GWAS,各免疫特征的GWAS数据均可从全球免疫评估目录公开获得(登录号从GCST90001391到GCST90002121,共731个)[14],该GWAS分析基于3757名欧洲个体的队列,利用高密度阵列进行基因分型检测了约2200万个SNP对731种免疫细胞表型的影响,SNP通过撒丁岛序列参考小组进行估算[15]。其中包括389个反应细胞表面抗原的平均荧光强度(MFI)、118个绝对细胞计数(AC)、32个代表细胞大小、形状、颗粒含量等免疫细胞形态特征的形态参数(MP)及192个代表免疫细胞在总细胞数量中比例的相对细胞计数(RC)。
IS的GWAS数据来源自先前的一项研究[16],该研究对多达521 612人(67 162例病例和454 450例对照)进行了全基因组关联荟萃分析,参与者来自29项研究,其检测了约800万个次要等位基因频率(MAF)≥0.01的SNPs与中风的相关性。在位于32个中风风险基因座内的149个基因中,包含任何缺血性中风(AIS)的20个基因座(其中12个新发现)。本研究数据选取67 162例中风病例中具有欧洲遗传血统的IS参与者(34 217例病例;406 111例对照),以减少异质性。文章中使用的GWAS数据均来源于公共数据库,可免费下载。文章中涉及的GWAS均得到了各自机构的伦理批准。
我们在MR分析中根据最近研究[17-18]以相同的标准来测定显著工具变量,以P<1×10-5为筛选条件选择与免疫性状强相关的工具变量。为了获得独立的工具变量(IVs),我们基于基因组样本数据对其进行修剪,连锁不平衡(LD)r2阈值设置为0.1,物理距离在500 kb内。为了避免MR分析中的弱工具变量带来偏差,计算其F检验值,根据F>10对数据进行过滤,删除F<10的弱工具变量。我们协调了暴露和结果SNP,以确保对相同效应等位基因的效应估计一致。
为了评估731种免疫细胞对IS的影响,本研究使用逆方差加权方法(IVW)作为主要方法用作标准分析,IVW 方法是一种整合每个SNP的Wald比值的方法,可以假设工具变量只能通过特定的暴露影响结果。当SNP不存在水平多效性时,IVW 方法可以实现无偏倚的因果效应估计,分析结果最可靠[19]。此外采用加权中位数法[20]、MR-Egger回归方法[21]、简单模式(Simple mode)和加权模式(Weighted mode)进行补充,用于评估由于无效IVs和水平多效性导致的偏倚。当IVW 方法的P<0.05且IVW 与其余4种方法的方向一致时,结果具有统计学意义。考虑到可能的假阳性,我们使用错误发现率(FDR)方法来进行多重校正,经过FDR校正后的P<0.05,则认为统计检验结果具有显著性。
研究对MR分析结果进行一系列敏感性分析,以评估潜在的异质性和水平多效性。通过MR-Egger截距测试检测作为评估水平多效性的指标,如果P>0.05,则表明没有多效性。Cochran's Q检验表明所选IVs的异质性,如果P>0.05,表示没有异质性,则将IVW 方法视为主要方法,否则,使用随机效应模型。最后,我们采用了leave-one-out(“留一法”)方法[22],逐个去除SNP,剩余SNP的因果效应与全部SNP的MR分析结果比较,以确定单个SNP是否会导致结果的偏差。所有分析均使用R 4.3.1软件(http://www.Rproject.org)中的TwoSampleMR软件包进行。
免疫细胞表型特征对IS易感性的因果效应估计总结于插页ⅩL图1,鉴于免疫性状被分为4种表型(MFI、AC、RC和MP),包括7组免疫细胞,在选择和协调IVs后,检测到的与IS相关的免疫特征可以总结为35个MFI、4个ACs、13个RC和2个MP性状,根据这7个图谱对免疫性状进行分类,发现TBNK 5个,B细胞21个,T细胞成熟阶段4个,Treg 12个,髓系细胞3个,单核细胞9个。经FDR方法多重校正后,其中有11个免疫细胞表型仍然具有统计学意义(P FDR <0.05)(如表1、插页ⅩLⅠ图2),免疫性状均为MFI,其中8个在B细胞组,3个在单核细胞组。
其中8种免疫表型是IS发病的危险因素:CD27 on memory B cell[通过使用IVW 方法,其对IS风险的比值比(OR)为1.035,95%置信区间(CI)=1.016~1.053,P=0.016]、CD27 on sw mem(OR:1.033,95% CI=1.017~1.049,P=0.003)、CD27 on CD24+CD27+(OR:1.027,95% CI=1.012~1.042,P=0.01)、CD27 on IgD- CD38dim(OR:1.035,95% CI=1.019~1.052,P=0.003)、CD27 on IgD-CD38-(OR:1.043,95% CI=1.023~1.063,P=0.003)、CD27 on IgD- CD38br(OR:1.085,95% CI=1.038~1.134,P=0.01)、CD25 on IgD+(OR:1.031,95% CI=1.013~1.049,P=0.03)、CD25 on IgD+CD38dim(OR:1.031,95% CI=1.013~1.049,P=0.02)。
检测到3种免疫表型可降低IS发病风险:CD40 on CD14-CD16+monocyte(OR:0.97,95% CI=0.96~0.98,P=0.009)、CD40 on CD14+CD16- monocyte(OR:0.96,95%CI=0.94~0.97,P=0.001)、CD40 on CD14+CD16+monocyte(OR:0.97,95% CI=0.95~0.98,P=0.002)。
在本项研究中,我们基于大规模遗传联合体的MR分析,首次系统地分析了731种免疫细胞对IS发生风险的影响。我们关注到免疫细胞,特别是以CD27和CD25分子水平为标志的B细胞亚群和以CD40为标志的单核细胞亚群,分别加速和降低了IS发病风险。IS的风险随着CD27 on memory B cell、CD27 on sw mem、CD27 on CD24+CD27+、CD27 on IgD-CD38dim、CD27 on IgD-CD38-、CD27 on IgD-CD38br比例的增加而上升,以CD27为标志的B细胞亚群为主。B细胞亚群可呈递抗原、产生细胞因子,是许多炎症性疾病的关键特征[23]。在IS病理进程中,免疫细胞的活化和炎症反应扮演着关键角色,其中B细胞的异常增加尤为突出,研究显示IS小鼠脑组织中B细胞显著增多[24]。CD27作为B细胞的一个重要亚群标记,对免疫记忆形成和细胞活化至关重要[25]。CD27可激活B细胞释放分泌干扰素(IFN)-γ、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和白细胞介素(IL)-6等促炎细胞因子[26],其中未转换记忆B细胞是IL-6的主要产生者,而转换记忆B细胞是TNF-α的主要产生者[27]。BSEISOE A等[28]、JIANG J等[29]研究发现,TNF-α、IL-6活性含量增加可能与IS的发生相关。表明CD27+B细胞亚群的活化可能加剧IS的炎症反应,从而推动病情发展。
CD25 on IgD+、CD25 on IgD+CD38dim也被证明与IS风险增加有关。CD25,即白细胞介素2(IL-2)受体链-α(IL-2Rα),在活化的成熟T细胞和B细胞上广泛表达,具有重要的免疫调节功能[30],研究表明,小鼠和人类B细胞上的CD25表达在激活后增加,产生高亲和力的IL-2受体[31]。急性IS患者血浆sIL-2Rα水平在中风24 h内显著升高,且IS功能预后较差的患者3个月IL-2Rα水平更是明显高于预后良好的患者,揭示了IL-2Rα在IS发病及不良结局中的关联性[32]。此外,与健康对照相比,IS患者CD25表达增强,并释放更多的促炎细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6[33],进一步证实了CD25在IS炎症反应中的重要地位,其水平变化可视为评估IS风险及预后的生物标志物。
反之,IS的风险随着单核细胞上CD40表达(CD40 on CD14- CD16+monocyte、CD40 on CD14+CD16- monocyte、CD40 on CD14+CD16+monocyte)的升高而降低。CD40与单核细胞的相互作用在免疫应答中至关重要,当单核细胞活化时,CD40与其配体CD40L结合触发一系列信号传导,调节单核细胞的活化和功能[34]。研究证实CD40能显著降低IS风险,起到保护作用[35]。一项长达15年、涉及700人的前瞻性研究显示,高水平的CD40与较低的中风发病率显著相关[36]。而在880例房颤患者的分析中,发现CD40配体水平越低,中风风险越高[37]。这些发现支撑了CD40在IS预防中的重要地位。
缺血性脑卒中(IS)在中医学归属于“中风”,因发病快如风、如矢之中的而得名,以猝然昏仆,口舌歪斜,言语不利等为主症。中医理论认为疾病源于正气与致病因素斗争中正不敌邪、机体阴阳失衡,正如《内经》言:“正气存内,邪不可干”。正气虚是疾病发生的内在基础,邪气是外在的致病条件,正气充足则邪气难侵。中风发病源于正气亏虚,邪气乘虚而入,如《灵枢·刺节真邪论》中云:“营卫稍衰,则真气去,邪气独留,发为偏枯”[38],描绘了这一过程,即营卫功能减退,使外邪入侵引发半身不遂。故中风病机常有“内虚邪中”之论。
“正气”作为维持人体生理功能和抵御疾病的基石,其效能与营卫、气血、脏腑功能平衡相关[39],与现代免疫学中免疫系统的防护和自稳机制相呼应[40]。正气的强弱直接影响机体抵御外邪的能力,其充盈离不开营卫、气血和脏腑功能的和谐运作。如《灵枢·邪客》曰:“营气者……化以为血,以荣四末,内注五脏六腑”;《医旨绪余》言:“卫气者,为言护卫周身,温分肉,肥腠理,不使外邪侵犯也”。营卫,作为人体第一道防线,通过营气滋养和卫气温煦,确保气血充盈,抵御外邪入侵。《素问·调经论篇》言:“人之所有者,血与气耳”。气血作为生命活动的根本,不仅是脏腑功能的基础,也是免疫细胞活力的源泉,共同维系着机体的动态平衡。“邪气”,作为破坏正气平衡、引发疾病的外在或内在因素,与现代医学中的致病因子相对应,若邪气打破正气的稳固,破坏营卫气血、脏腑间的和谐,则会引发疾病。正气的盛衰可直接影响免疫细胞的活化、分化与功能调节[10]。当正气充足时,免疫细胞处于健康活跃状态,能有效识别和清除“邪气”,维持机体内外环境稳定。反之,若正气衰减,免疫细胞的调节机制失衡,可能导致免疫抑制或过度激活,表现为免疫细胞功能紊乱,如T淋巴细胞亚群比例失衡、B细胞过度活化或抑制,进而影响免疫系统的整体效能。
此外,在探讨IS病理生理机制时,现代免疫学免疫调节过程与中医学正邪交争的观念有着一致性。神经系统与免疫系统之间存在着双向交流[41],神经系统通过释放神经递质(如去甲肾上腺素和乙酰胆碱),直接作用于免疫细胞表面受体,调节免疫细胞的活性和功能,免疫活性细胞可能会转化为免疫抑制细胞,从而影响免疫应答的强度和方向[42-43],这一过程体现了正气(即机体的防御能力)与邪气(指致病因素)之间的动态平衡与转化,这种由保护性免疫向病理性免疫反应的转变,正是“正邪交争”理论在IS免疫病理中的体现,揭示了免疫细胞在IS发生发展中的双刃剑角色。
本次研究结果发现CD27和CD25为标志的B细胞亚群可加速IS的发病风险,在IS进程中,免疫细胞的活化和炎症反应是病邪侵袭的直接后果,与中医邪气理论相契合。病邪侵入体内后,免疫系统产生应激反应,CD27和CD25标记的B细胞增加,可能反映了免疫系统对外邪的对抗反应,试图恢复机体平衡。然而,一方面,炎症反应可以保护大脑免受缺血性和过度毒性损伤、促进神经恢复和再生;另一方面,神经炎症又激活驻留细胞,通过影响中性粒细胞、单核细胞和不同亚型的B细胞等炎症细胞加剧脑损伤,导致病情进展[44-45]。形成正邪斗争过程中此消彼长导致的双重作用,因此CD27和CD25的过度表达导致的炎症反应可以被视为邪气的体现,需通过调节阴阳平衡和气血流动来恢复机体平衡状态。相比之下,单核细胞上CD40表达的增加,减少IS发病风险的作用,符合中医正气增强的概念,表明机体能更有效地清除病邪,维护机体阴阳平衡。CD40与CD40L的相互作用,通过正向调节免疫应答,控制炎症反应,避免过度免疫造成的二次伤害。因此,对于IS患者,调节CD27、CD25与CD40介导的免疫反应和炎症水平是重要的治疗策略之一,以扶正祛邪、平衡体内阴阳,促进康复。
中医治疗IS首重“扶正祛邪”[46-47],通过补益人体正气,提高正向免疫细胞活性及浸润状态。生脉注射液(由红参、麦冬、五味子组成)源于生脉散,为养阴益气的代表方,研究发现该方能有效调节脑缺血再灌注后脑部免疫细胞的异常激活,平衡脑部NK细胞与B细胞的比例至正常状态,进而减轻炎症反应[48]。冯珍珍课题组[49]通过构建MCAO脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠的实验,证实了健脾补肾活血方能显著减少模型大鼠脑组织内的CD3+和CD8+T淋巴细胞,同时增加CD4+细胞数量,有效缩小脑梗死区域。表明健脾补肾活血方可通过调节T淋巴细胞亚群动态平衡,减轻免疫炎症反应及免疫应答所介导神经细胞的凋亡,发挥脑保护作用。因此“扶正去邪”原则实质上是对免疫系统功能的调节和优化,中药复方可通过其复杂的生物活性成分,作用于多个免疫细胞亚群,调节免疫应答,减轻IS后的炎症损伤,达到扶正固本的治疗目的。
本研究虽揭示了免疫细胞与IS之间的关联,但仍有一定局限性。首先,样本选择可能存在偏倚,研究对象的地域、种族可能影响结果的普遍性。其次,免疫细胞功能状态的动态变化及其与疾病进程的交互作用,仍需更深入地纵向研究予以阐明。未来研究可扩大样本量,增加研究的多样性。可结合转录组、蛋白质组和代谢组等多组学分析及基础实验,深入解析免疫细胞功能改变的分子机制。此外,还可开展临床试验,探索不同干预措施对免疫细胞的影响,以及这些变化如何改善临床结局,以期实现个性化医疗的目标。
综上,本研究基于孟德尔随机化方法,以中医正邪理论与现代免疫学为切入点,初步探讨了免疫细胞在IS发病中的核心作用,进一步阐释了中医正邪理论的科学内涵。本研究发现CD27和CD25标记的B细胞亚群增加与IS风险上升关联,而CD40表达的单核细胞则呈保护效应,这与中医正邪理论中正气与邪气的平衡不谋而合。中医方药已展现出调节免疫细胞、减轻炎症的潜力,因此,运用中医药靶向CD27、CD40等免疫细胞可能为IS治疗开辟新途径。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82160885; 82060844)
  • 广西中医脑病临床研究中心项目(桂科AD20238028)
  • 广西高等学校高水平创新团队及卓越学者计划项目(桂教人才〔2020〕6号)
  • 广西中医药重点学科建设项目(GZXK-Z-20-13)
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2025年第43卷第7期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.030
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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国家自然科学基金项目(82160885; 82060844)
广西中医脑病临床研究中心项目(桂科AD20238028)
广西高等学校高水平创新团队及卓越学者计划项目(桂教人才〔2020〕6号)
广西中医药重点学科建设项目(GZXK-Z-20-13)
作者信息
    1.广西中医药大学研究生院,广西 南宁 530022
    2.广西中医药大学第一附属医院,广西 南宁 530023
    3.广西中医药大学科学实验中心,广西 南宁 530022

通讯作者:

吴林(1970-),男,广西桂林人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治脑病。E-mail:。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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