Article(id=1322925890174332972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322925862630339452, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339710991, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339710991, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339710991, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339710991, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322925862630339452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1752076800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339704424, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340532184, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929334587105328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322925862630339452, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929334587105329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322925862630339452, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=26, endPage=28, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322925890514071597, articleId=1322925890174332972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Effect of Obesity Induced by High-Fat Diet on Reproductive Ability of Male Rats, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the effect of high-fat diet induced obesity on the reproductive ability of male rats.

Method

A high-fat diet was used to establish an obese rat model,and changes in sperm concentration,sperm motility,sperm morphology,sperm DNA fragmentation index(DNA fragmentation index,DFI)and testicular tissue pathology were observed in obese rats.

Result

Compared with those of the blank group,the sperm motility,sperm morphology and DFI of the modeling group significantly decreased(P<0.05). Compared with those of the blank group,there was no significant change in sperm concentration in the modeling group(P>0.05). In the modeling group,there was interstitial edema and fewer interstitial cells compared to the blank group. The interstitial space between the seminiferous tubules widened,and the distance between spermatogonial cells increased. There was a significant decrease in various levels of spermatogenic cells and supporting cells,as well as a significant decrease in sperm cells in the lumen.

Conclusion

The obesity induced by high fat diet can reduce the reproductive ability of male rats,especially in terms of sperm motility,sperm morphology,DFI and testicular tissue pathology.

, authors=Zhanmin LI, Zhi SUN, Tiejun LIU, Shilong HU, Yao XIAO, authorsList=Zhanmin LI, Zhi SUN, Tiejun LIU, Shilong HU, Yao XIAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322925895954083897, articleId=1322925890174332972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=高脂饮食诱导肥胖对雄性大鼠生殖能力影响的研究, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨高脂饮食诱导肥胖对雄性大鼠生殖能力的影响。

方法

高脂饮食建立肥胖大鼠模型,观察肥胖大鼠精子浓度、精子活力、精子形态、精子碎片率指数(DFI)及睾丸组织病理学的变化。

结果

与空白组相比,造模组的精子活力、精子形态及精子碎片率指数显著下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与空白组相比,造模组的精子浓度无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);病理学变化:造模组较空白组间质水肿、间质细胞减少,生精小管间隔增宽,精原细胞间距增大,各级生精细胞和支持细胞大量减少,管腔内精子细胞大量减少。

结论

高脂饮食诱导肥胖可降低雄性大鼠的生殖能力,尤其对精子活力、精子形态、精子碎片率指数及睾丸组织病理学等方面具有显著影响。

, authors=李湛民, 孙智, 刘铁军, 胡世隆, 肖尧, authorsList=李湛民, 孙智, 刘铁军, 胡世隆, 肖尧, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

李湛民(1963-),男,辽宁沈阳人,主任医师、教授,博士,研究方向:中医药治疗男性不育症。

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李湛民(1963-),男,辽宁沈阳人,主任医师、教授,博士,研究方向:中医药治疗男性不育症。

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李湛民(1963-),男,辽宁沈阳人,主任医师、教授,博士,研究方向:中医药治疗男性不育症。

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组别n浓度/(×106/mL)活力/(%)异常形态/(%)DFI/(%)
空白组1056.40±3.3931.11±2.838.42±0.7621.70±4.43
造模组1055.94±2.6919.30±2.2921.05±2.2634.85±5.37
t值0.33510.260-16.742-5.975
P值>0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1322925903201841255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322925890174332972, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组大鼠精子浓度、精子活力、精子异常形态率、碎片率指数DFI比较(±s)

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组别n浓度/(×106/mL)活力/(%)异常形态/(%)DFI/(%)
空白组1056.40±3.3931.11±2.838.42±0.7621.70±4.43
造模组1055.94±2.6919.30±2.2921.05±2.2634.85±5.37
t值0.33510.260-16.742-5.975
P值>0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05
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高脂饮食诱导肥胖对雄性大鼠生殖能力影响的研究
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李湛民 , 孙智 , 刘铁军 , 胡世隆 , 肖尧
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(7): 26-28
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (7) : 26 -28
高脂饮食诱导肥胖对雄性大鼠生殖能力影响的研究
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李湛民(1963-),男,辽宁沈阳人,主任医师、教授,博士,研究方向:中医药治疗男性不育症。

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李湛民(1963-),男,辽宁沈阳人,主任医师、教授,博士,研究方向:中医药治疗男性不育症。

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李湛民, 孙智, 刘铁军, 胡世隆, 肖尧
作者信息
  • 辽宁中医药大学附属医院,辽宁 沈阳 110032
作者简介:

李湛民(1963-),男,辽宁沈阳人,主任医师、教授,博士,研究方向:中医药治疗男性不育症。

Effect of Obesity Induced by High-Fat Diet on Reproductive Ability of Male Rats
Zhanmin LI, Zhi SUN, Tiejun LIU, Shilong HU, Yao XIAO
Affiliations
  • Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110032,Liaoning,China
出版时间: 2025-07-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.006
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目的

探讨高脂饮食诱导肥胖对雄性大鼠生殖能力的影响。

方法

高脂饮食建立肥胖大鼠模型,观察肥胖大鼠精子浓度、精子活力、精子形态、精子碎片率指数(DFI)及睾丸组织病理学的变化。

结果

与空白组相比,造模组的精子活力、精子形态及精子碎片率指数显著下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与空白组相比,造模组的精子浓度无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);病理学变化:造模组较空白组间质水肿、间质细胞减少,生精小管间隔增宽,精原细胞间距增大,各级生精细胞和支持细胞大量减少,管腔内精子细胞大量减少。

结论

高脂饮食诱导肥胖可降低雄性大鼠的生殖能力,尤其对精子活力、精子形态、精子碎片率指数及睾丸组织病理学等方面具有显著影响。

高脂饮食  /  肥胖大鼠  /  生殖能力  /  大鼠精子
Objective

To explore the effect of high-fat diet induced obesity on the reproductive ability of male rats.

Method

A high-fat diet was used to establish an obese rat model,and changes in sperm concentration,sperm motility,sperm morphology,sperm DNA fragmentation index(DNA fragmentation index,DFI)and testicular tissue pathology were observed in obese rats.

Result

Compared with those of the blank group,the sperm motility,sperm morphology and DFI of the modeling group significantly decreased(P<0.05). Compared with those of the blank group,there was no significant change in sperm concentration in the modeling group(P>0.05). In the modeling group,there was interstitial edema and fewer interstitial cells compared to the blank group. The interstitial space between the seminiferous tubules widened,and the distance between spermatogonial cells increased. There was a significant decrease in various levels of spermatogenic cells and supporting cells,as well as a significant decrease in sperm cells in the lumen.

Conclusion

The obesity induced by high fat diet can reduce the reproductive ability of male rats,especially in terms of sperm motility,sperm morphology,DFI and testicular tissue pathology.

high-fat diet  /  obese rats  /  reproductive ability  /  rat sperm
李湛民, 孙智, 刘铁军, 胡世隆, 肖尧. 高脂饮食诱导肥胖对雄性大鼠生殖能力影响的研究. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (7) : 26 -28 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.006
Zhanmin LI, Zhi SUN, Tiejun LIU, Shilong HU, Yao XIAO. Effect of Obesity Induced by High-Fat Diet on Reproductive Ability of Male Rats[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (7) : 26 -28 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.006
研究表明,在15%的不孕不育发病率中,男性因素占50%左右[1]。遗传因素、职业因素、环境因素、肥胖可损伤男性生精功能、内分泌功能等,进而影响男性的精液参数,从而导致男性不育的发生[2]。近年来随着生活质量不断改善,食物结构中高脂比重不断上升,肥胖人群的数量急剧增长,2020年的《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告》中显示,我国居民中普遍存在超重/肥胖的现象,这一比例超过50%[3]。肥胖会引起身体代谢紊乱,是糖尿病、高血压病、冠状动脉疾病等代谢性疾病的重要诱发因素,肥胖导致性激素紊乱、睾丸生精功能异常、精液质量下降、性功能障碍,进而引发男性不育[4-6]。本研究旨在通过建立高脂饮食诱导的肥胖大鼠模型来探讨肥胖对生精细胞和精子质量的影响。
80只8周龄SPF级SD雄性大鼠,体质量(360±15)g,购于辽宁长生生物技术股份有限公司[许可证号:SCXK(辽)2020-0001]。饲养于辽宁中医药大学动物实验中心屏障环境中,室温为(24±2)℃,空气相对湿度为(50±10)%,每12 h光照,饮水自由。适应性喂养1周。
普通饲料(27%粗蛋白、13%粗脂肪、60%碳水化合物),45%脂供能高脂饲料(D12451)[7],购自沈阳茂华生物科技有限公司;精子DNA碎片染色试剂盒购于安徽安科生物工程;精子形态学染色液试剂盒购于天津瑞爱金生物科技有限公司。
电子秤(万特制药海南有限公司)、离心机(上海舜制仪器制造有限公司)、光学显微镜(OLYMPUSCX21)、石蜡切片机(美国Thermo公司)。
将80只雄性SD大鼠随机分为两组,普通饲料组(空白组)20只,喂养普通饲料,高脂饮食组(造模组)60只,喂养45%脂供能高脂饲料,共12周。每天定时换水、换食,每周称大鼠体质量1次。SD大鼠肥胖模型成功的判断标准:与空白组相比体质量超20%。造模成功后,两组随机各取10只进行实验研究。
采用失血法处死大鼠,快速摘取大鼠的附睾和睾丸。采用扩散法收集大鼠附睾尾精子。将摘取的大鼠附睾尾部放入3 mL 37℃生理盐水中,剪碎并静置1 min,制成精子混悬液,取50μL精子混悬液置于1 mL M199培养基中,37℃恒温水浴5 min。将睾丸组织用10%甲醛固定。
(1)精液质量检测:从精子混悬液中取出20μL,使用血细胞计数板进行精子浓度及活力分析。精子形态使用Diff-Quik方法染色,精子碎片率指数(DFI)检测使用瑞-吉染色法。
(2)睾丸组织病理学检查:取固定后的睾丸组织,经常规脱水后用石蜡包埋、切片、HE染色、光学显微镜下进行组织病理学检查。
采用Excel表格收集整理数据,统计学处理采用SPSS 26.0统计软件。进行分析造模组与空白组大鼠的体质量、精子浓度、精子活力、精子形态及精子DFI。计量资料以平均值±标准差()表示,计量资料采用t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
喂养12周后,空白组大鼠体质量为(424.02±15.49)g,造模组大鼠体质量为(613.17±35.42)g,造模组大鼠平均体质量比空白组大鼠重20%,造模组大鼠的体质量显著提高,两组大鼠体质量比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
与空白组相比,造模组大鼠的精子活力、精子形态及精子碎片率指数显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与空白组相比,造模组大鼠的精子浓度无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。
在光镜下,可见空白组大鼠的精子头部呈镰刀状、颈部细长连接于腹侧、中段粗细均匀、主段长、逐渐变细,无弯折现象;造模组大鼠精子可见尾部呈卷曲状、颈部有断裂、头部为小头及无钩等形态异常精子。见插页Ⅷ图1。
在光镜下,空白组大鼠的精子瑞-吉染色后可见没有碎片的大晕环及中晕环精子;造模组大鼠的精子瑞-吉染色后可见没有晕环及退化的精子。见插页Ⅷ图2。
HE染色后,光镜下显示,空白组睾丸间质正常,管间大量间质细胞,生精小管整齐,管腔内有多层各发育阶段的生精细胞,支持细胞较多,各种细胞致密、层次清楚、结构完备,管腔中可见大量成熟精子;造模组较空白组间质水肿、间质细胞减少,生精小管间隔增宽,精原细胞间距增大,各级生精细胞和支持细胞大量减少,管腔内精子细胞大量减少。见插页Ⅷ图3。
中医认为肥胖属男性不育症中湿热、痰湿等诱发因素[8]。脾虚是肥胖症发生的基础[9],也是男性不育症发生和发展的中心环节,肥胖型不育症是以脾肾虚为本、痰湿盛为标的一类疾病。这些与脾的运化功能密切相关,脾的运化功能包括两个方面:一是运化水谷,表现在对水谷精微的吸收和输布。水谷精微为气血生化之源,因此脾被古代医家称为后天之本,气血生化之源。肾藏精,主生殖,调天癸。肾所藏之精分“先天之精”和“后天之精”,“先天之精”需“后天之精”所滋养,这样才能“肾气盛,天癸至,精气溢泻,阴阳和,故能有子”;二是运化水液,脾有吸收、输布水液的功能,可防止过多水液在体内停留。如果脾运化水湿功能失常就能产生湿、痰、饮等病理产物,痰饮则易阻滞气机,阻碍气血,导致肾的功能异常而不能有子。陈士铎《石室秘录·卷五》云:“男不能生子者有六病,一精寒,二气衰,三精少,四痰多,五相火盛,六气郁”,《辨证录·种嗣门》[10]曾有对肥胖男性不育的论断,“男子身体肥大,必多痰涎,往往不能生子”。所以“脾虚湿盛”是引起精子质量下降的重要原因。
本课题研究成功地建立了高脂饮食诱导的雄性肥胖大鼠模型,研究发现高脂饮食诱导的肥胖大鼠精子活力、精子形态、精子碎片率指数与空白组有显著差异,但精子的浓度无显著差异。睾丸组织病理学检查显示肥胖大鼠的睾丸间质水肿,间质细胞减少,生精小管间隔增宽,精原细胞间距增大,各级生精细胞和支持细胞大量减少,管腔内精子细胞大量减少。肥胖大鼠睾丸病理显示虽然大鼠睾丸的生精上皮结构紊乱,但依然存在可以产生足够数量精子的各级生精细胞,因此,精子浓度无显著差异,这与彭媛红的研究相一致[11]。
肥胖大鼠精子活力下降可能与氧化应激反应增强相关。肥胖常伴随活性氧(ROS)的增加,氧化应激反应增强与很多因素有关,尤其是线粒体功能的改变起决定性作用[12]。在正常生理条件下,氧化应激处于动态平衡,当机体处于多糖、多脂水平时便会受到损伤,其ROS就会增加,从而造成精子损伤。精子膜富含多聚不饱和脂肪酸且抗氧化酶水平相对较低,容易受到ROS的攻击影响精子膜结构。另外过多的ROS也会攻击精子线粒体DNA,使精子线粒体功能受损,从而导致精子运动能力的下降,是精子活力和前向运动精子百分比明显下降的原因。
肥胖大鼠精子畸形率与DFI增高可能与氧化应激反应增强、炎症反应增高和精子表观遗传修饰等因素相关。氧化应激反应增强,ROS增加,ROS是强氧化剂,会对侵入循环系统的细菌和正常人体组织发起无差别化攻击,会导致一定程度的激素分泌异常、生精功能障碍以及精子畸形率增加[13]。肥胖会导致体内产生和分泌大量的脂肪因子,如肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、瘦素、干扰素、白细胞介素等均属于促炎性细胞因子。这些促炎性因子能介导炎症反应导致巨噬细胞增加,损害睾丸中的生精细胞,致使精子发生生精上皮紊乱,导致精子质量降低[14]。肥胖可能通过DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、单链非编码RNA等机制影响男性生殖细胞的表观遗传[15]。DNA甲基化与转录抑制相关,启动子区域5′-胞嘧啶鸟嘌呤-3′(CpG)的甲基化增强促进基因转录抑制。肥胖者体内生殖细胞多呈现甲基化和乙酰化的状态,抑制转录影响后代谢表型。组蛋白可被甲基化、乙酰化、磷酸化和泛素化修饰,组蛋白赖氨酸去甲基酶在肥胖的发生中发挥作用。肥胖男性精子piRNA的表达水平发生改变表现在精原细胞减数分裂I期piRNA含量丰富,而在精子成熟的前期出现一定程度的消失。piRNA基因突变会引起反转录转座子的过度表达,导致生殖细胞DNA损伤[16]。
肥胖大鼠的睾丸组织间质水肿,间质细胞减少,生精小管间隔增宽,精原细胞间距增大,各级生精细胞和支持细胞大量减少,管腔内精子细胞大量减少可能与生殖内分泌紊乱、氧化应激反应增强和炎症反应增强相关。肥胖可影响下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴(HPG)的功能,导致促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)分泌减少、睾酮和雌二醇比例失衡,瘦素和其他激素水平发生改变,降低精液质量,最终影响男性生育力[17-18]。肥胖机体的白色脂肪组织中细胞色素P450芳香化酶活性高于正常水平,使得睾酮向雌二醇的转化增加,造成较高的雌二醇水平[19]。高水平的雌二醇负反馈给下丘脑,导致GnRH-LH/FSH脉冲幅度减少,促黄体激素(LH)和促卵泡激素(FSH)分泌降低,继而进一步降低睾酮水平,最终导致男性生育力下降[20-21]。氧化应激反应增高,ROS增加,会对侵入循环系统的细菌和正常人体组织发起无差别化攻击,其中就包括曲细精管、生精上皮、精子细胞和睾丸间质细胞(Leydig cell)。研究发现瘦素是调节能量稳态的关键脂肪因子[22],改变睾丸质量和体积、生精小管直径外,还可影响各级生精细胞的数量[23]。肥胖导致体内产生和分泌大量的促炎性细胞因子,这些促炎性细胞因子在参与炎症免疫反应中发挥重要作用,因此这些炎症因子是引起肥胖发生发展的重要病理机制[24]。炎症反应引起了组织血管的扩张和通透性的增加,使得血液中的液体和溶质可以渗透到组织间隙中,从而形成水肿。炎症反应也可导致组织间隙的渗出液增加,从而形成水肿。睾丸间质水肿,间质细胞增殖受到抑制,损伤细胞线粒体,引起线粒体肿胀,内质网扩张,从而抑制睾酮的合成。睾酮在胎儿性别分化和精子成熟过程中发挥着十分重要的调控作用,因此睾丸间质细胞正常的睾酮分泌功能对于雄性保持生殖健康是不可缺少的[25]。
综上所述,高脂饮食诱导的雄性肥胖大鼠生殖能力下降可能与肥胖导致的生殖内分泌轴紊乱、氧化应激反应增强、炎症反应增强和精子表观遗传修饰改变,导致内分泌激素异常、睾丸组织间质水肿,曲细精管、生精上皮、精子细胞和Leydig细胞等细胞受到破坏,最后影响精子质量等因素有关。目前中医药治疗肥胖导致不育的研究是本领域研究的热点。我们将进一步开展中药多靶点干预肥胖而致生育能力下降作用机制的研究,为临床提供可靠的治疗依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(81973845)
  • 辽宁中医药大学自然科学类重点项目(2021LZY043)
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2025年第43卷第7期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.006
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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国家自然科学基金项目(81973845)
辽宁中医药大学自然科学类重点项目(2021LZY043)
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    辽宁中医药大学附属医院,辽宁 沈阳 110032
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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