Article(id=1322925517967589646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923782029062261, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.06.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339622251, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1749484800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339622251, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339622250, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339622250, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322923782029062261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1749484800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339208371, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340556755, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929437859258468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923782029062261, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929437859258469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923782029062261, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=40, endPage=45, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322925518433157391, articleId=1322925517967589646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Regulation of Phenotypic Polarization of Microglia by Buyang Huanwu Decoction(补阳还五汤)in Cervical Spinal Cord Injury, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the regulatory effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction(补阳还五汤)on phenotypic polarization of microglia in cervical spinal cord injury.

Methods

Ninety-six female Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into sham operation,model,low-dose Buyang Huanwu Decoction and high-dose Buyang Huanwu Decoction groups to establish an acute cervical spinal cord injury model.Motor function recovery of rats was assessed using the Forelimb Locomotor Scale(FLS)score and forelimb grip strength experiment Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan(BBB)score before surgery and at 1,3,7,14,21 and 28 d postoperatively.Animals were sacrificed at 7,28 d postoperatively.Hematoxylin and Eosin(HE)staining was used to evaluate the gross morphology of the injury site.Nissl staining was used to assess neuronal survival,and immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expression of ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),arginase 1(Arg1)at 7 days post-injury,and microtubule-associated protein 2(MAP2)at 28 days post-injury.Western blot was used to evaluate the expressions of Iba1,CD86,Arg1 and CD206 at 7 days post-injury,and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA)was used to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β).

Results

From day 3 to day 28 postoperatively,the motor function in the Buyang Huanwu Decoction groups began to recover significantly compared to the model group(P<0.05).HE staining showed that compared with that in the model group,the spinal cord tissue structure in the Buyang Huanwu Decoction group was denser,with reduced edema,fewer vacuoles and reduced interstitial spaces,and decreased infiltration of immune/inflammatory cells.Nissl staining showed that the number of neurons in the gray matter was increased in the Buyang Huanwu Decoction groups compared with that in the model group,with some surviving neurons visible.The immunofluorescence staining showed that the fluorescence intensity of MAP2 was significantly increased,the fluorescence intensity of M1-type iNOSwas decreased,and the fluorescence intensity of M2-type Arg1 was increased in the Buyang Huanwu Decoction groups compared with those in the model group(P<0.05).Western blot showed that the expression levels of iNOSand CD86 were significantly decreased,while the expression levels of Arg1 and CD206 were significantly increased in the Buyang Huanwu Decoction groups compared with those in the model group(P<0.05).ELISA showed that the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1βwere significantly lower in the Buyang Huanwu Decoction groups than those in the model group(P<0.05).

Conclusion

Buyang Huanwu Decoction can effectively promote the phenotypic transition of microglia from M1 to M2 in rats with cervical spinal cord injury,alleviate neuroinflammatory responses,inhibit secondary injury,and thereby improve motor dysfunction after cervical spinal cord injury.

, authors=Luchun XU1, Guozheng JIANG1, Yushan GAO2, Yukun MA1, Jiawei SONG1, Guanlong WANG1, Jiaojiao FAN1, Yongdong YANG1, Xiangsheng TANG3, Xing YU1, authorsList=Luchun XU, Guozheng JIANG, Yushan GAO, Yukun MA, Jiawei SONG, Guanlong WANG, Jiaojiao FAN, Yongdong YANG, Xiangsheng TANG, Xing YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiangsheng TANG, Xing YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322925524296794417, articleId=1322925517967589646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=补阳还五汤调控颈髓损伤后小胶质细胞表型极化的实验研究, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索补阳还五汤对于颈髓损伤后小胶质细胞表型极化的调控作用。

方法

随机将96只雌性斯普拉格-道利(Sprague-Dawley,SD)大鼠分为假手术、模型、补阳还五汤低剂量和补阳还五汤高剂量组,构建急性颈髓损伤模型。通过前肢运动量表(Forelimb Locomotor Scale,FLS)评分、前肢抓力实验和巴索-比蒂-布雷斯纳汉(Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan,BBB)评分分别于术前及术后1、3、7、14、21、28 d评估大鼠运动功能恢复情况。术后7、28 d动物取材,通过苏木精-伊红(Hematoxylin and Eosin,HE)染色评估损伤区域的大体情况,通过尼氏染色评估神经元存活情况,通过免疫荧光染色观察损伤后7 d离子钙结合适配器分子1(Ionized Calcium Binding Adapter Molecule,Iba1)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase,iNOS)、精氨酸酶1(Arginase 1,Arg1)和损伤后28 d微管相关蛋白2(Microtubule-Associated Protein 2,MAP2)的表达,通过Western blot评估损伤后7 d Iba1、CD86、Arg1和CD206的表达情况,酶联免疫吸附测定(Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay,ELISA)检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)和白细胞介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)水平。

结果

术后3~28 d,补阳还五汤组运动功能开始较模型组显著恢复(P<0.05);HE染色显示,与模型组相比,补阳还五汤组较模型组脊髓组织结构更为致密,水肿减轻,空泡形成和组织间隙较模型组减少,免疫/炎性细胞浸润程度降低;尼氏染色显示,补阳还五汤组灰质内神经元数量较模型组增加,可见部分未凋亡的神经元;免疫荧光染色显示,补阳还五汤组较模型组神经元标记物(MAP2)荧光强度显著升高,M1型小胶质细胞标记物(iNOS)荧光强度减少,M2型小胶质细胞标记物(Arg1)荧光强度增加(P<0.05);Western blot显示,补阳还五汤组iNOS、CD86的表达量较模型组显著降低,Arg1、CD206的表达量较模型组显著升高(P<0.05)。ELISA显示,补阳还五汤组TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β显著低于模型组(P<0.05)。

结论

补阳还五汤可以有效促进大鼠颈髓损伤后小胶质细胞表型从M1型转换为M2型,减轻神经炎症反应,抑制继发性损伤,从而改善颈髓损伤后运动功能障碍。

, authors=许卢春1, 姜国正1, 高誉珊2, 马昱堃1, 宋佳伟1, 王冠龙1, 范娇娇1, 杨永栋1, 唐向盛3, 俞兴1, authorsList=许卢春, 姜国正, 高誉珊, 马昱堃, 宋佳伟, 王冠龙, 范娇娇, 杨永栋, 唐向盛, 俞兴, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=唐向盛, 俞兴, authorNote=

许卢春(1995-),男,江西南昌人,博士在读,研究方向:脊髓损伤的中医药防治。

, correspAuthorsNote=
唐向盛(1978-),男,湖南邵东人,副教授、主任医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:脊柱脊髓疾病的基础与临床。E-mail:。
俞兴(1972-),男,江苏南通人,教授、主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:脊髓损伤、脊柱退行性疾病的中医药防治。E-mail:。
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许卢春(1995-),男,江西南昌人,博士在读,研究方向:脊髓损伤的中医药防治。

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许卢春(1995-),男,江西南昌人,博士在读,研究方向:脊髓损伤的中医药防治。

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组别n0 d1 d3 d7 d14 d21 d28 d
假手术组817.00±0.0016.75±0.4616.88±0.3517.00±0.0017.00±0.0017.00±0.0017.00±0.00
模型组817.00±0.003.13±0.83*4.13±0.83*5.88±1.13*7.13±0.83*8.38±0.92*9.75±1.28*
补阳还五汤低剂量组817.00±0.003.25±1.044.63±0.927.00±0.93#8.13±0.83#9.63±1.06#11.25±1.28#
补阳还五汤高剂量组817.00±0.003.38±0.525.13±0.83#8.00±0.76#△9.25±0.71#△10.88±0.83#△12.63±1.30#△
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补阳还五汤对SCI大鼠前肢运动功能的影响(±s)

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组别n0 d1 d3 d7 d14 d21 d28 d
假手术组817.00±0.0016.75±0.4616.88±0.3517.00±0.0017.00±0.0017.00±0.0017.00±0.00
模型组817.00±0.003.13±0.83*4.13±0.83*5.88±1.13*7.13±0.83*8.38±0.92*9.75±1.28*
补阳还五汤低剂量组817.00±0.003.25±1.044.63±0.927.00±0.93#8.13±0.83#9.63±1.06#11.25±1.28#
补阳还五汤高剂量组817.00±0.003.38±0.525.13±0.83#8.00±0.76#△9.25±0.71#△10.88±0.83#△12.63±1.30#△
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组别n0 d1 d3 d7 d14 d21 d28 d
假手术组8657.50±12.19634.25±8.76654.13±7.85663.88±9.73670.75±7.59677.88±8.69689.88±6.01
模型组8652.75±11.2296.25±9.63*147.75±9.38*201.25±24.03*225.13±22.86*334.50±22.97*382.50±18.90*
补阳还五汤低剂量组8656.13±10.7197.88±7.83153.38±8.25229.63±23.50#296.50±23.50#365.13±24.09#410.75±19.50#
补阳还五汤高剂量组8654.63±14.9399.38±6.61162.75±8.15#△269.38±11.53#△361.25±18.74#△402.25±26.77#△450.63±19.00#△
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补阳还五汤对SCI大鼠前肢抓力的影响(±s)

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组别n0 d1 d3 d7 d14 d21 d28 d
假手术组8657.50±12.19634.25±8.76654.13±7.85663.88±9.73670.75±7.59677.88±8.69689.88±6.01
模型组8652.75±11.2296.25±9.63*147.75±9.38*201.25±24.03*225.13±22.86*334.50±22.97*382.50±18.90*
补阳还五汤低剂量组8656.13±10.7197.88±7.83153.38±8.25229.63±23.50#296.50±23.50#365.13±24.09#410.75±19.50#
补阳还五汤高剂量组8654.63±14.9399.38±6.61162.75±8.15#△269.38±11.53#△361.25±18.74#△402.25±26.77#△450.63±19.00#△
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组别n0 d1 d3 d7 d14 d21 d28 d
假手术组821.00±0.0020.75±0.4620.88±0.3521.00±0.0021.00±0.0021.00±0.0021.00±0.00
模型组821.00±0.007.13±0.83*8.13±0.83*9.88±1.13*11.25±1.04*12.25±1.04*13.88±1.55*
补阳还五汤低剂量组821.00±0.007.13±0.928.63±0.9211.00±1.07#12.38±1.06#13.75±1.16#15.50±1.51#
补阳还五汤高剂量组821.00±0.007.25±0.719.25±1.04#12.13±0.83#△13.50±0.93#△14.88±0.83#△17.13±1.13#△
), ArticleFig(id=1322925540658774425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322925517967589646, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

补阳还五汤对SCI大鼠后肢运动功能的影响(±s)

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组别n0 d1 d3 d7 d14 d21 d28 d
假手术组821.00±0.0020.75±0.4620.88±0.3521.00±0.0021.00±0.0021.00±0.0021.00±0.00
模型组821.00±0.007.13±0.83*8.13±0.83*9.88±1.13*11.25±1.04*12.25±1.04*13.88±1.55*
补阳还五汤低剂量组821.00±0.007.13±0.928.63±0.9211.00±1.07#12.38±1.06#13.75±1.16#15.50±1.51#
补阳还五汤高剂量组821.00±0.007.25±0.719.25±1.04#12.13±0.83#△13.50±0.93#△14.88±0.83#△17.13±1.13#△
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组别nMAP2iNOSArg1
假手术组641.99±2.561.60±0.370.68±0.15
模型组66.79±0.79*35.82±3.42*1.77±0.26*
补阳还五汤低剂量组614.74±0.86#16.65±1.91#4.44±0.39#
补阳还五汤高剂量组626.04±2.10#△8.13±1.02#△9.90±0.69#△
), ArticleFig(id=1322925542667846044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322925517967589646, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

补阳还五汤对SCI大鼠MAP2、iNOS、Arg1荧光强度的影响(±s)

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组别nMAP2iNOSArg1
假手术组641.99±2.561.60±0.370.68±0.15
模型组66.79±0.79*35.82±3.42*1.77±0.26*
补阳还五汤低剂量组614.74±0.86#16.65±1.91#4.44±0.39#
补阳还五汤高剂量组626.04±2.10#△8.13±1.02#△9.90±0.69#△
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组别niNOSCD86Arg1CD206
假手术组30.35±0.130.15±0.040.16±0.020.19±0.06
模型组31.13±0.10*1.10±0.07*0.53±0.14*0.45±0.18*
补阳还五汤低剂量组30.95±0.03#0.73±0.13#0.82±0.08#0.79±0.11#
补阳还五汤高剂量组30.71±0.10#△0.51±0.03#△1.13±0.15#△1.10±0.13#△
), ArticleFig(id=1322925543104053662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322925517967589646, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

补阳还五汤对SCI大鼠iNOS、CD86、Arg1、CD206蛋白相对表达量表达的影响(±s)

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组别niNOSCD86Arg1CD206
假手术组30.35±0.130.15±0.040.16±0.020.19±0.06
模型组31.13±0.10*1.10±0.07*0.53±0.14*0.45±0.18*
补阳还五汤低剂量组30.95±0.03#0.73±0.13#0.82±0.08#0.79±0.11#
补阳还五汤高剂量组30.71±0.10#△0.51±0.03#△1.13±0.15#△1.10±0.13#△
), ArticleFig(id=1322925543183745439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322925517967589646, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别nTNF-αIL-6IL-1β
假手术组6132.14±10.4268.79±3.5723.25±1.11
模型组6288.91±5.92*164.77±5.31*56.92±2.58*
补阳还五汤低剂量组6260.07±10.08#151.08±5.55#51.91±1.99#
补阳还五汤高剂量组6230.05±9.09#△133.17±3.63#△46.96±2.80#△
), ArticleFig(id=1322925543519289760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322925517967589646, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

补阳还五汤对SCI大鼠炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的影响(±s)

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组别nTNF-αIL-6IL-1β
假手术组6132.14±10.4268.79±3.5723.25±1.11
模型组6288.91±5.92*164.77±5.31*56.92±2.58*
补阳还五汤低剂量组6260.07±10.08#151.08±5.55#51.91±1.99#
补阳还五汤高剂量组6230.05±9.09#△133.17±3.63#△46.96±2.80#△
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补阳还五汤调控颈髓损伤后小胶质细胞表型极化的实验研究
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许卢春 1 , 姜国正 1 , 高誉珊 2 , 马昱堃 1 , 宋佳伟 1 , 王冠龙 1 , 范娇娇 1 , 杨永栋 1 , 唐向盛 3 , 俞兴 1
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(6): 40-45
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (6) : 40 -45
补阳还五汤调控颈髓损伤后小胶质细胞表型极化的实验研究
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许卢春1, 姜国正1, 高誉珊2, 马昱堃1, 宋佳伟1, 王冠龙1, 范娇娇1, 杨永栋1, 唐向盛3 , 俞兴1
作者信息
  • 1.北京中医药大学东直门医院,北京 100700
  • 2.北京中医药大学中医学院,北京 100029
  • 3.中日友好医院,北京 100029
通讯作者:
唐向盛(1978-),男,湖南邵东人,副教授、主任医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:脊柱脊髓疾病的基础与临床。E-mail:。
俞兴(1972-),男,江苏南通人,教授、主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:脊髓损伤、脊柱退行性疾病的中医药防治。E-mail:。
作者简介:

许卢春(1995-),男,江西南昌人,博士在读,研究方向:脊髓损伤的中医药防治。

Experimental Study on Regulation of Phenotypic Polarization of Microglia by Buyang Huanwu Decoction(补阳还五汤)in Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Luchun XU1, Guozheng JIANG1, Yushan GAO2, Yukun MA1, Jiawei SONG1, Guanlong WANG1, Jiaojiao FAN1, Yongdong YANG1, Xiangsheng TANG3 , Xing YU1
Affiliations
  • 1.Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100700,China
  • 2.School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China
  • 3.China-Japan Friendship Hospital,Beijing 100029,China
出版时间: 2025-06-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.06.007
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目的

探索补阳还五汤对于颈髓损伤后小胶质细胞表型极化的调控作用。

方法

随机将96只雌性斯普拉格-道利(Sprague-Dawley,SD)大鼠分为假手术、模型、补阳还五汤低剂量和补阳还五汤高剂量组,构建急性颈髓损伤模型。通过前肢运动量表(Forelimb Locomotor Scale,FLS)评分、前肢抓力实验和巴索-比蒂-布雷斯纳汉(Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan,BBB)评分分别于术前及术后1、3、7、14、21、28 d评估大鼠运动功能恢复情况。术后7、28 d动物取材,通过苏木精-伊红(Hematoxylin and Eosin,HE)染色评估损伤区域的大体情况,通过尼氏染色评估神经元存活情况,通过免疫荧光染色观察损伤后7 d离子钙结合适配器分子1(Ionized Calcium Binding Adapter Molecule,Iba1)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase,iNOS)、精氨酸酶1(Arginase 1,Arg1)和损伤后28 d微管相关蛋白2(Microtubule-Associated Protein 2,MAP2)的表达,通过Western blot评估损伤后7 d Iba1、CD86、Arg1和CD206的表达情况,酶联免疫吸附测定(Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay,ELISA)检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)和白细胞介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)水平。

结果

术后3~28 d,补阳还五汤组运动功能开始较模型组显著恢复(P<0.05);HE染色显示,与模型组相比,补阳还五汤组较模型组脊髓组织结构更为致密,水肿减轻,空泡形成和组织间隙较模型组减少,免疫/炎性细胞浸润程度降低;尼氏染色显示,补阳还五汤组灰质内神经元数量较模型组增加,可见部分未凋亡的神经元;免疫荧光染色显示,补阳还五汤组较模型组神经元标记物(MAP2)荧光强度显著升高,M1型小胶质细胞标记物(iNOS)荧光强度减少,M2型小胶质细胞标记物(Arg1)荧光强度增加(P<0.05);Western blot显示,补阳还五汤组iNOS、CD86的表达量较模型组显著降低,Arg1、CD206的表达量较模型组显著升高(P<0.05)。ELISA显示,补阳还五汤组TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β显著低于模型组(P<0.05)。

结论

补阳还五汤可以有效促进大鼠颈髓损伤后小胶质细胞表型从M1型转换为M2型,减轻神经炎症反应,抑制继发性损伤,从而改善颈髓损伤后运动功能障碍。

颈髓损伤  /  补阳还五汤  /  小胶质细胞  /  表型极化  /  神经炎症
Objective

To explore the regulatory effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction(补阳还五汤)on phenotypic polarization of microglia in cervical spinal cord injury.

Methods

Ninety-six female Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into sham operation,model,low-dose Buyang Huanwu Decoction and high-dose Buyang Huanwu Decoction groups to establish an acute cervical spinal cord injury model.Motor function recovery of rats was assessed using the Forelimb Locomotor Scale(FLS)score and forelimb grip strength experiment Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan(BBB)score before surgery and at 1,3,7,14,21 and 28 d postoperatively.Animals were sacrificed at 7,28 d postoperatively.Hematoxylin and Eosin(HE)staining was used to evaluate the gross morphology of the injury site.Nissl staining was used to assess neuronal survival,and immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expression of ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),arginase 1(Arg1)at 7 days post-injury,and microtubule-associated protein 2(MAP2)at 28 days post-injury.Western blot was used to evaluate the expressions of Iba1,CD86,Arg1 and CD206 at 7 days post-injury,and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA)was used to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β).

Results

From day 3 to day 28 postoperatively,the motor function in the Buyang Huanwu Decoction groups began to recover significantly compared to the model group(P<0.05).HE staining showed that compared with that in the model group,the spinal cord tissue structure in the Buyang Huanwu Decoction group was denser,with reduced edema,fewer vacuoles and reduced interstitial spaces,and decreased infiltration of immune/inflammatory cells.Nissl staining showed that the number of neurons in the gray matter was increased in the Buyang Huanwu Decoction groups compared with that in the model group,with some surviving neurons visible.The immunofluorescence staining showed that the fluorescence intensity of MAP2 was significantly increased,the fluorescence intensity of M1-type iNOSwas decreased,and the fluorescence intensity of M2-type Arg1 was increased in the Buyang Huanwu Decoction groups compared with those in the model group(P<0.05).Western blot showed that the expression levels of iNOSand CD86 were significantly decreased,while the expression levels of Arg1 and CD206 were significantly increased in the Buyang Huanwu Decoction groups compared with those in the model group(P<0.05).ELISA showed that the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1βwere significantly lower in the Buyang Huanwu Decoction groups than those in the model group(P<0.05).

Conclusion

Buyang Huanwu Decoction can effectively promote the phenotypic transition of microglia from M1 to M2 in rats with cervical spinal cord injury,alleviate neuroinflammatory responses,inhibit secondary injury,and thereby improve motor dysfunction after cervical spinal cord injury.

cervical spinal cord injury  /  Buyang Huanwu Decoction(补阳还五汤)  /  microglia  /  phenotypic polarization  /  neuroinflammation
许卢春, 姜国正, 高誉珊, 马昱堃, 宋佳伟, 王冠龙, 范娇娇, 杨永栋, 唐向盛, 俞兴. 补阳还五汤调控颈髓损伤后小胶质细胞表型极化的实验研究. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (6) : 40 -45 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.06.007
Luchun XU, Guozheng JIANG, Yushan GAO, Yukun MA, Jiawei SONG, Guanlong WANG, Jiaojiao FAN, Yongdong YANG, Xiangsheng TANG, Xing YU. Experimental Study on Regulation of Phenotypic Polarization of Microglia by Buyang Huanwu Decoction(补阳还五汤)in Cervical Spinal Cord Injury[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (6) : 40 -45 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.06.007
脊髓损伤是一种致残率及病死率高的创伤性中枢神经系统疾病[1-3]。在外力创伤瞬间直接作用于脊髓导致的原发性损伤发生后,炎症、氧化应激和神经细胞凋亡等进一步造成广泛而严重的继发性损伤,导致神经功能持续损害[4-5]。继发性损伤导致损伤向周围神经组织进一步扩散蔓延,是脊髓损伤后神经功能障碍进行性加重的主要原因,故目前临床上防治脊髓损伤多聚焦于继发性损伤[6-8]。
小胶质细胞是脊髓组织内常驻的单核-吞噬细胞,在组织监测和损伤反应中发挥作用[9-10]。其在生理状态下以M0表型存在于脊髓组织内,通过高度活跃的分枝状突起以持续监测脊髓内微环境的改变[11-12]。脊髓损伤发生后,小胶质细胞被激活成为两种表型,M1型产生扩大神经炎症范围以及加重神经组织损伤等神经毒性作用,而M2型主要发挥抑制神经炎症反应、促进神经再生修复以及坏死物质清除等神经保护作用[13-14]。故在脊髓损伤后适度对M1表型小胶质细胞进行抑制并且促进M2表型的激活,可减轻继发性损伤、加速脊髓功能恢复。
与传统的胸髓损伤模型相比,颈髓损伤动物模型病死率更高、护理更为困难,故在脊髓损伤的基础实验研究中,颈髓损伤的研究开展远少于胸髓损伤[15]。然而,颈髓与胸髓在生理结构、损伤后病理改变与损伤后修复再生等方面均有着一定区别,故针对颈髓的研究也需大量开展[16]。补阳还五汤是益气活血通络的代表方剂,近些年来,多个研究证实该方剂在减轻脊髓损伤和神经再生修复等方面有其独特的效果,但其对脊髓损伤后小胶质细胞的作用尚无文献报道[17]。基于此,本研究通过allen法构建颈髓损伤模型,观察脊髓组织中小胶质细胞活化情况,从而探讨补阳还五汤对脊髓损伤大鼠小胶质细胞极化的影响。
清洁级成年雌性斯普拉格-道利(Sprague-Dawley,SD)大鼠96只,8周龄,体质量200~250 g,购自北京维通利华实验动物有限公司。所购大鼠均在北京中医药大学实验动物中心内进行饲养,鼠房环境为温度21~25℃,相对湿度40%~60%,保持12 h/12 h光照黑暗交替,自由饮食。北京中医药大学动物实验伦理委员会批准本实验研究,批件号:BUCM-2023072503-3067。
补阳还五汤(药用:生黄芪60 g,地龙10 g,当归10 g,川芎10 g,赤芍10 g,桃仁10 g,红花10 g),由中日友好医院中药房提供。将以上药物置于砂锅容器中,再加入相当于药材体积5倍的纯净自来水浸泡2 h后煮沸30 min,过滤,再加入药材体积3倍量的纯净自来水继续煮沸20 min,滤过药液,最后合并2次滤液,浓缩至约为100 mL备用,此相当于临床等效药物质量浓度1.2 g/mL。补阳还五汤按照不同剂量(12.5、25 g/kg)进行灌胃给药(给药浓度为参考前期的研究[18]);假手术组、模型组行生理盐水灌胃,每天进行2次灌胃。
苏木精-伊红(Hematoxylin and Eosin,HE)染色液(索莱宝生物技术有限公司,北京,G1120),尼氏染色液(索莱宝生物技术有限公司,北京,G1436),兔源抗微管相关蛋白2(Microtubule-Associated Protein 2,MAP2)多克隆抗体(proteintech,美国,17490-1-AP),小鼠源抗离子钙结合适配器分子1(Ionized Calcium Binding Adapter Molecule,Iba1)单克隆抗体(Santa,美国,sc-32725),兔源抗诱导型一氧化氮合酶(Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase,iNOS)多克隆抗体(proteintech,美国,18985-1-AP),兔源抗精氨酸酶1(Arginase 1,Arg1)多克隆抗体(proteintech,美国,16001-1-AP),兔源抗CD86多克隆抗体(proteintech,美国,13395-1-AP),兔源抗-CD206单克隆抗体(proteintech,美国,18704-1-AP),小鼠源抗-beta Actin单克隆抗体(abcam,美国,ab6276),大鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、白 细 胞介 素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)ELISA试剂盒(江苏酶免实业有限公司,中国,MM-0180R1、MM-0190R1、MM-0047R1)。NYU脊髓打击器(NYU,美国,model-Ⅱmanual),电子抓力仪(上海普辛仪器科技有限公司,ZR-08),病理切片机(Leica,德国,RM2245),倒置荧光显微镜(Olympus,日本,IX51)。
将96只大鼠按照随机数字表法进行分组,分为假手术、模型、补阳还五汤低剂量、补阳还五汤高剂量组共4组,每组24只。使用NYU脊髓打击器采用Allen法构建颈髓损伤模型。使用1%戊巴比妥钠将大鼠麻醉后,俯卧位固定,在颈部以C5为中心,纵向切一长约3 cm的切口,分离椎旁肌肉后使用微型椎板钳行C5椎板切除术,充分暴露C5段颈髓。应用NYU打击器建立不完全颈髓损伤模型(高度12.5 mm,重量10 g),逐层缝合大鼠皮肤。假手术组仅对C5椎板进行切除,不对颈髓进行损伤。在颈髓损伤术后第一天开始给药,假手术组和模型组给予生理盐水灌胃,补阳还五汤低、高剂量组分别按照12.5 g/kg和25 g/kg进行灌胃给药,连续7 d。
在术前和术后1、3、7、14、21、28 d共7个时间点采用前肢运动量表(Forelimb Locomotor Scale,FLS)评分、前肢抓力实验和巴索-比蒂-布雷斯纳汉(Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan,BBB)评分评价大鼠的前肢运动、前肢抓力和后肢运动功能。采用双盲和双人独立观察记录,以平均值作为最终评分。FLS评分共17分,侧重于观察肩、肘、腕等主要关节的协调,以及足爪和爪的屈伸功能。评分越高,说明前肢运动功能越好[19]。进行前肢抓力实验时实验人员使用电子握力计测量前肢握力,将大鼠的前肢放在金属板上缓慢地拉动,记录每只大鼠前肢松开时的最大读数以评估前肢抓力。BBB评分共21分,该量表评估了跨步能力、双侧关节活动度、协调性和躯干稳定性,评分越高表示运动功能越好[20]。
术后28 d每组各取6只大鼠,1%戊巴比妥钠麻醉后,使用4%多聚甲醛对心脏进行灌注。以损伤区域为中心取1.0 cm长颈髓组织,应用4%多聚甲醛浸泡过夜之后,进行修块、脱水以及石蜡包埋,制备5μm厚石蜡切片,行HE和尼氏染色观察。HE染色观察颈髓大体情况;尼氏染色观察神经元情况。
颈髓损伤7 d和28 d同上法取材,首先制备脊髓切片,在切片进行脱蜡、乙醇梯度脱水后,使用抗原修复液对抗原进行修复。双氧水阻断,室温下孵育30 min;10%山羊血清孵育30 min。清除封闭液后滴加MAP2(1∶500)、iNOS(1∶100)、Arg1(1∶100)、Iba1(1∶50)一抗4℃过夜。PBS漂洗3次,滴加对应二抗,湿盒内孵育1 h。再次冲洗后滴入含有DAPI的固封剂封片,倒置荧光显微镜下观察,并通过Image J软件进行半定量分析。
术后7 d每组取3只大鼠同上法麻醉后,经过低温取材、组织研磨裂解,使用BCA法评估浓度,最后进行上样、转膜及封闭。分别在术后7 d切片滴加相应一抗:iNOS(1∶1000稀释度)、CD86(1∶1000稀释度)、Arg1(1∶2000稀释度)、CD206(1∶2000稀释度)、β-Actin(1∶3000稀释度),过夜后二抗室温孵育。再次洗膜后浸入ECL染色液,最后在暗室中进行曝光、显影以及定影,Image J软件分析目的条带灰度,获得目的蛋白相对表达量(目的蛋白和β-actin比值)。
术后7 d检测损伤颈髓TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β水平。根据ELISA试剂盒中的说明,将离心收集到的上清液分别与相应细胞因子工作液共同反应20 min。吸光度值在450 nm处用酶标仪测定。
采用SPSS 24.0版统计分析软件对数据进行分析,用“均数±标准差”()来描述计量资料。符合正态分布者采用单因素方差分析方法进行多组间比较,方差齐则采取LSD法进行组间两两比较,其他用非参数检验进行比较,P<0.05时认为差异有统计学意义。
采用FLS评分、抓力实验和BBB评分评估行为学功能。除假手术组外,其余各组在术后第1天均表现出严重的运动功能缺陷。在术后3~28 d,补阳还五汤组的FLS评分、前肢抓力和BBB评分开始逐渐恢复,较模型组具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1-表3。
HE染色显示,在术后4周假手术组大鼠脊髓组织结构正常完整,结构紧密,无水肿。模型组大鼠脊髓组织结构重度异常,水肿严重,视野内面积组织糜烂,密布神经元死亡后形成的空泡,组织间隙明显增大,免疫/炎性细胞广泛浸润。与模型组相比,补阳还五汤组在4周较模型组脊髓组织结构更为致密,水肿减轻,空泡形成和组织间隙较模型组减少,免疫/炎性细胞浸润程度降低。见插页Ⅸ图1。
尼氏染色显示,在术后4周假手术组结构完整,灰质内存在大量神经元,尼氏体呈虎斑状且形态规则;模型组脊髓周围组织溶解,神经元严重变性,表现为尼氏体溶解、大量缺失且形态严重异常;补阳还五汤组灰质内神经元数量较模型组增加,可见部分未凋亡的神经元。见插页Ⅸ图2。
免疫荧光染色显示,术后28 d模型组MAP2荧光强度较假手术组显著下降(P<0.05),补阳还五汤组较模型组MAP2荧光强度显著升高,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见插页Ⅹ图3、表4。
免疫荧光染色显示,术后7 d假手术组颈髓组织内散见标记红色荧光(Iba1++iNOS/Arg1-+DAPI+)的M0未激活的小胶质细胞,呈梭形,处于分支静息状态。模型组、补阳还五汤组可见红绿色荧光共同标记(Iba1++iNOS/Arg1++DAPI+)的阳性细胞(激活的M1/M2小胶质细胞)。与模型组相比,补阳还五汤组颈髓内M1型小胶质细胞标记物(iNOS)荧光强度减少,同时颈髓内M2型小胶质细胞标记物(Arg1)荧光强度增加(P<0.05)。见插页Ⅹ图4、插页Ⅺ图5、表4。Western blot显示,术后7 d补阳还五汤组M1型小胶质细胞标志物(iNOS和CD86)的表达量显著低于模型组,M2型小胶质细胞标志物(Arg1和CD206)的表达量相较模型组显著升高(P<0.05)。ELISA显示,补阳还五汤组促炎因子(TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β)水平较模型组显著降低(P<0.05)。见图6、表5-表6。
脊髓损伤是一个极具挑战性的临床问题,迄今为止,尚无有效和可行的治疗策略来彻底解决这一难题[21-22]。脊髓损伤中原发性损伤由于脊髓结构不可逆性的损害而难以进行针对性治疗;同时继发性损伤使原发病灶向周围的白质和灰质逐渐扩展,从而导致脊髓损伤后神经功能障碍进行性加重[23-25]。故对脊髓继发性损伤进行防治可有效地遏制脊髓损伤的进一步发展,为神经修复提供机会,成为近年来脊髓损伤防治的研究重点。
越来越多的研究发现在脊髓损伤后小胶质细胞独立或与其他神经胶质细胞(星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞)、炎症细胞以及其他免疫细胞配合共同发挥着巨大的作用,有望成为脊髓损伤基础与临床研究的关键突破口之一[26-27]。目前研究认为,继发性损伤中的级联反应在抑制脊髓损伤后过度免疫/炎症反应后被减缓,可控制损伤范围继续扩大、尽可能保留残存神经功能,同时可以提供合适的微环境以供神经修复和再生[28-29]。免疫系统作为人体3大调节系统(神经系统、免疫系统、内分泌系统)之一,在清除有害物质及坏死组织、维持机体内环境稳定、损伤修复的过程中发挥了重要作用[30-31]。在脊髓中,小胶质细胞是主要的常驻免疫细胞,是构建脊髓免疫网络的重要组成[32]。
在脊髓损伤后的继发性损伤中,小胶质细胞活化并向损伤区域内募集,和血源性的巨噬细胞一起参与脊髓组织内免疫/炎症反应[33]。活化的小胶质细胞被分为M1和M2型。其中M1型小胶质细胞在受到损伤后会释放大量有害细胞因子,在参与氧自由基形成的同时产生兴奋毒性,加重神经元病变[34];M2型小胶质细胞分泌大量抗炎细胞因子及神经营养因子,在脊髓损伤中发挥抗炎与神经支持作用,提高脊髓组织对外来伤害的耐受力,有助于控制炎症、重建血脊髓屏障、再生血管与神经、恢复内环境稳态[35-36]。同时,两种亚型的吞噬能力也各不相同,M1型小胶质细胞在吞噬坏死组织后会形成酸性较弱成熟慢的吞噬小体,这一过程形成相应抗原并呈递给T细胞,触发下游一系列免疫反应;而M2型小胶质细胞吞噬后产生酸性强成熟快的吞噬小体,高效清除有害坏死物质[37]。故在脊髓损伤后适度对M1表型小胶质细胞进行抑制并且促进M2表型的激活,可有效抑制神经炎症、减轻颈髓继发性损伤、促进颈髓功能恢复。
脊髓损伤作为一种危害重、病理机制复杂的中枢系统疾病,大量针对脊髓损伤的基础动物实验被开展,而目前进行脊髓损伤研究的节段通常位于胸髓[38]。作为临床上损伤占比最多、损伤后危害最重的颈髓却由于模型动物死亡率高、护理困难等因素开展远少于胸髓[39]。然而,颈髓与胸髓在生理结构上不完全一样,在受到损伤后的病理改变也不尽相同,其恢复和再生的潜力也有着一定区别,在胸髓开展的相关动物实验无法完全替代颈髓,针对颈髓的相应研究也需要大量开展。基于此,本研究采用NYU打击器通过Allen法构建了颈髓损伤模型,探究颈髓损伤后相关神经功能和组织形态及分子等水平的改变。
中医学将脊髓损伤归属为“体堕”和“痿证”,认为脊髓损伤后导致督脉气血逆乱,瘀血阻络,可辨为“血瘀气滞”,治宜活血行气,久则“实损及虚”,辨为“血瘀气虚”,治宜补气活血[40]。脊髓损伤的主要病理特点为“虚”和“瘀”,当属本虚标实。由于“气为血之帅”,“气行则血行”,故益气活血可以贯穿颈髓损伤治疗的整个过程。补阳还五汤是益气活血通络的代表方,全方益气、活血、化瘀、通络,通过活血祛瘀以治标,补气通络以治本,可用于脊髓损伤的治疗[41]。本实验为证明补阳还五汤对颈髓损伤大鼠小胶质细胞极化的影响,在模型构建成功后通过免疫荧光染色及Western blot检测了颈髓损伤后各组大鼠的M1/M2型小胶质细胞的标记物,通过ELISA检测了颈髓损伤后的神经炎症反应,同时采用免疫荧光检测了神经元标记物。结果显示,补阳还五汤能够在颈髓损伤后促进小胶质细胞向抗炎M2表型的极化,并抑制了向促炎M1表型的极化,证实了补阳还五汤通过调控颈髓损伤后小胶质细胞表型极化减轻神经炎症反应,从而抑制继发性损伤,减少颈髓损伤后神经元死亡。同时,行为学和病理形态学的结果均证实了补阳还五汤治疗颈髓损伤的有效性。
综上所述,补阳还五汤可以有效促进大鼠颈髓损伤后小胶质细胞表型从M1型转换为M2型,减轻神经炎症反应,抑制继发性损伤,从而改善颈髓损伤后运动功能障碍。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(82074218; 81973882)
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(81804119)
  • 北京中医药大学科技创新专项(DZMKJCX-2023-010)
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2025年第43卷第6期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.06.007
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-06-10
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基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(82074218; 81973882)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(81804119)
北京中医药大学科技创新专项(DZMKJCX-2023-010)
作者信息
    1.北京中医药大学东直门医院,北京 100700
    2.北京中医药大学中医学院,北京 100029
    3.中日友好医院,北京 100029

通讯作者:

唐向盛(1978-),男,湖南邵东人,副教授、主任医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:脊柱脊髓疾病的基础与临床。E-mail:。
俞兴(1972-),男,江苏南通人,教授、主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:脊髓损伤、脊柱退行性疾病的中医药防治。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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