Article(id=1322924591118680900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923268038078806, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.041, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339401272, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339401272, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339401272, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339401272, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322923268038078806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1744214400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339085826, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340586453, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929562572686061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923268038078806, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929562572686062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923268038078806, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=248, endPage=254, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322924591588442951, articleId=1322924591118680900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Research Progress on Synthesis and Anti-Tumor Effects of Panax Notoginseng Saponins and Their Derivatives, columnId=1256183365644968140, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Platform of Provincial Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)are the key active components extracted from Sanqi[Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F. H. Chen.]. They mainly include constant components such as ginsenoside Rb1,Rd,Rg1,Re and notoginsenoside R1,as well as rare components such as ginsenoside CK,F1 and F2. These components can be converted from constant components to rare components by biological enzyme catalysis such asβ-glucosidase andα-L-rhamnosidase or chemical methods. The main action sites were the C-3 and C-20 glycosidic bonds of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside and the C-6 and C-20 glycosidic bonds of protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides. Studies have shown that PNScan exert anti-tumor effects by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation,inducing tumor cell apoptosis,inhibiting cell metastasis and invasion,regulating cell cycle and energy metabolism,promoting tumor microvascular normalization,reversing multi-drug resistance,and sensitizing chemotherapeutic drugs. In this paper,the structures of 32 monomer saponins in PNSwere summarized. The mechanism,action sites and groups of enzymatic and chemical conversions of PNSstructure were comprehensively analyzed. At the same time,the anti-tumor activity and mechanism of PNSand its derivatives were discussed. In addition,this paper believes that future research should explore the structure-activity relationship and pharmacokinetics of PNSin order to efficiently and multi-directionally develop anti-tumor drugs based on PNSto optimize their efficacy and provide reference for their further clinical development.
, authors=Juntao WANG
1, Fengchen WANG
2, Pengfei DU
1, Yunzhi SHENG
1, Zili FENG
1, 3, 4, 5, Wang CHEN
1, 3, 4, 5, authorsList=Juntao WANG, Fengchen WANG, Pengfei DU, Yunzhi SHENG, Zili FENG, Wang CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zili FENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322924596474807119, articleId=1322924591118680900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=三七皂苷及其衍生物合成和抗肿瘤作用研究进展, columnId=1256183369033965799, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=省级项目平台, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
三七皂苷(Panax notoginseng saponins,PNS)是从中药三七中提取的关键活性成分,主要包含人参皂苷Rb1、Rd、Rg1、Re和三七皂苷R1等常量成分,以及人参皂苷CK、F1、F2等微量成分。这些成分可以通过β-葡萄糖苷酶、α-L-鼠李糖苷酶等生物酶催化或化学方法实现从常量成分向微量成分的定向转化,主要作用位点是原人参二醇型皂苷的C-3、C-20位和原人参三醇型皂苷的C-6、C-20位糖苷键。研究显示,三七皂苷可以通过抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制细胞转移和侵袭、调控细胞周期和能量代谢、促进肿瘤微血管正常化、逆转多药物耐药和化疗药物增敏等多种途径,发挥抗肿瘤效果。总结了三七皂苷的32种单体皂苷结构;并综合分析了酶法和化学法转化三七皂苷结构的机制、作用位点和基团。同时,探讨了三七皂苷及其衍生物的抗肿瘤活性和作用机制。此外,未来的研究应深入探究三七皂苷的构效关系和药代动力学,以期高效、多向地开发基于三七皂苷类化合物的抗肿瘤药物,以优化其药效,为其在临床上的进一步开发提供参考。
, authors=王君涛
1, 汪凤臣
2, 杜鹏飞
1, 盛韵脂
1, 冯自立
1, 3, 4, 5, 陈旺
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王君涛(2001-),男,陕西咸阳人,硕士在读,研究方向:天然药物生物技术。
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王君涛(2001-),男,陕西咸阳人,硕士在读,研究方向:天然药物生物技术。
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3.Shaanxi Province Natural Active Product Industrialization Engineering Technology Research Center, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China
4.Qinba Biological Resources and Ecological Environment Provincial and Ministry Co-Constructed State Key Laboratory(Cultivation), Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China
5.Key Laboratory of Resource Biology of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China], bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322924603324105602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322924591118680900, authorId=1322924603093418875, language=CN, stringName=冯自立, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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3.陕西省天然活性产物产业化工程技术研究中心,陕西 汉中 723000
4.秦巴生物资源与生态环境省部共建国家重点实验室(培育),陕西 汉中 723000
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45(1):162-170., articleTitle=中药四环三萜类化合物吸收转运机制研究进展, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322924611960177579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322924591118680900, awardId=2022SF-406, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022SF-406), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322924612044063661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322924591118680900, awardId=SXZC-2302, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西理工大学秦巴生物资源与生态环境重点实验室(培育)“市校共建”科研专项(SXZC-2302), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322924597330445136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322924591118680900, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924597343028049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322924591118680900, companyId=1322924597330445136, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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| 序号 | 单体皂苷 | 母核 | 取代基 | CAS | 参考文献 |
|---|
| 1 | 人参皂苷Rb1 | A | R1=-Glc(2-1)Glc,R2=-Glc(6-1)Glc,R3=-H | 41753-43-9 | [4] |
| 2 | 人参皂苷Rd | A | R1=-Glc(2-1)Glc,R2=-Glc,R3=-H | 52705-93-8 | [4] |
| 3 | 绞股蓝皂苷ⅩⅦ | A | R1=-Glc,R2=-Glc(6-1)Glc,R3=-H | 80321-69-3 | [5] |
| 4 | 绞股蓝皂苷LⅩⅩⅤ | A | R1=-H,R2=-Glc(6-1)Glc,R3=-H | 110261-98-8 | [6] |
| 5 | 人参皂苷CK | A | R1=-H,R2=-Glc,R3=-H | 39262-14-1 | [7] |
| 6 | 人参皂苷c-Mx | A | R1=-H,R2=-Glc(6-1)Xyl,R3=-H | - | [8] |
| 7 | 人参皂苷c-Mc | A | R1=-H,R2=-Glc(6-1)Ara(f),R3=H | - | [7] |
| 8 | 人参皂苷c-Mcl | A | R1=-Glc,R2=-Glc(6-1)Ara(f),R3=-H | - | [7] |
| 9 | 人参皂苷CY | A | R1=-H,R2=-Glc(6-1)Ara(p),R3=-H | 83480-65-3 | [9] |
| 10 | 人参皂苷F2 | A | R1=-Glc,R2=-Glc,R3=-H | 62025-49-4 | [7] |
| 11 | 人参皂苷Rc | A | R1=-Glc(2-1)Glc,R2=-Glc(6-1)Ara(p),R3=-H | 11021-14-0 | [7] |
| 12 | 人参皂苷Rg3 | A | R1=-Glc(2-1)Glc,R2=-H,R3=-H | 41753-43-9 | [10] |
| 13 | 人参皂苷Rh2 | A | R1=-Glc,R2=-H,R2=-H | 78214-33-2 | [2] |
| 14 | 人参皂苷Rs3 | A | R1=-Glc(2-6)Glc-Ac,R2=-H,R3=-H | 194861-70-6 | [11] |
| 15 | 三七皂苷ST-4 | A | R1=-Glc(3-1)Glc(2-1)Xyl,R2=-H,R3=-H | 155683-02-6 | [12] |
| 16 | 人参皂苷Rg1 | A | R1=-H,R2=-Glc,R3=-O-Glc | 22427-39-0 | [7] |
| 17 | 三七皂苷R1 | A | R1=-H,R2=-Glc,R3=-O-Glc(2-1)Xyl | 439858-23-8 | [4] |
| 18 | 人参皂苷Re | A | R1=-H,R2=-Glc,R3=-O-Glc(2-1)Rha | 51542-56-4 | [2] |
| 19 | 人参皂苷F1 | A | R1=-H,R2=-Glc,R3=-OH | 53963-43-2 | [10] |
| 20 | 人参皂苷Rf | A | R1=-H,R2=-H,R3=-O-Glc(2-1)Glc | 52286-58-5 | [12] |
| 21 | 人参皂苷Rg2 | A | R1=-H,R2=-H,R3=-O-Glc(2-1)Rha | 52286-74-5 | [13] |
| 22 | 人参皂苷Rh1 | A | R1=-H,R2=-H,R3=-O-Glc | 63223-86-9 | [7] |
| 23 | 三七皂苷R2 | A | R1=-H,R2=-H,R3=-O-Glc(2-1)Xyl | 80418-25-3 | [14] |
| 24 | 人参皂苷F4 | B | R1=-H,R2=-O-Glc(2-1)Rha | 181225-33-2 | [11] |
| 25 | 人参皂苷Rh4 | B | R1=-H,R2=-O-Glc | 174721-08-5 | [15] |
| 26 | 人参皂苷Rg5 | B | R1=-Glc(2-1)Glc,R2=-H | 186763-78-0 | [2] |
| 27 | 人参皂苷Rk1 | C | R1=-Glc(2-1)Glc,R2=-H | 494753-69-4 | [16] |
| 28 | 人参皂苷Rg6 | C | R1=-H,R2=-O-Glc(2-1)Rha | 147419-93-0 | [11] |
| 29 | 人参皂苷Rk3 | C | R1=-H,R2=-O-Glc | 364779-15-7 | [17] |
| 30 | 三七皂苷T5 | C | R1=-H,R2=-O-Glc(3-1)Xyl | 69932-34-5 | [18] |
| 31 | 三七皂苷R7 | D | R1=Glc | - | [19] |
| 32 | 人参皂苷Ro | E | R1=-Glu(2-1)Glc,R2=Glc | 34367-04-9 | [2] |
), ArticleFig(id=1322924609934328743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322924591118680900, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
三七皂苷的单体化合物
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 单体皂苷 | 母核 | 取代基 | CAS | 参考文献 |
|---|
| 1 | 人参皂苷Rb1 | A | R1=-Glc(2-1)Glc,R2=-Glc(6-1)Glc,R3=-H | 41753-43-9 | [4] |
| 2 | 人参皂苷Rd | A | R1=-Glc(2-1)Glc,R2=-Glc,R3=-H | 52705-93-8 | [4] |
| 3 | 绞股蓝皂苷ⅩⅦ | A | R1=-Glc,R2=-Glc(6-1)Glc,R3=-H | 80321-69-3 | [5] |
| 4 | 绞股蓝皂苷LⅩⅩⅤ | A | R1=-H,R2=-Glc(6-1)Glc,R3=-H | 110261-98-8 | [6] |
| 5 | 人参皂苷CK | A | R1=-H,R2=-Glc,R3=-H | 39262-14-1 | [7] |
| 6 | 人参皂苷c-Mx | A | R1=-H,R2=-Glc(6-1)Xyl,R3=-H | - | [8] |
| 7 | 人参皂苷c-Mc | A | R1=-H,R2=-Glc(6-1)Ara(f),R3=H | - | [7] |
| 8 | 人参皂苷c-Mcl | A | R1=-Glc,R2=-Glc(6-1)Ara(f),R3=-H | - | [7] |
| 9 | 人参皂苷CY | A | R1=-H,R2=-Glc(6-1)Ara(p),R3=-H | 83480-65-3 | [9] |
| 10 | 人参皂苷F2 | A | R1=-Glc,R2=-Glc,R3=-H | 62025-49-4 | [7] |
| 11 | 人参皂苷Rc | A | R1=-Glc(2-1)Glc,R2=-Glc(6-1)Ara(p),R3=-H | 11021-14-0 | [7] |
| 12 | 人参皂苷Rg3 | A | R1=-Glc(2-1)Glc,R2=-H,R3=-H | 41753-43-9 | [10] |
| 13 | 人参皂苷Rh2 | A | R1=-Glc,R2=-H,R2=-H | 78214-33-2 | [2] |
| 14 | 人参皂苷Rs3 | A | R1=-Glc(2-6)Glc-Ac,R2=-H,R3=-H | 194861-70-6 | [11] |
| 15 | 三七皂苷ST-4 | A | R1=-Glc(3-1)Glc(2-1)Xyl,R2=-H,R3=-H | 155683-02-6 | [12] |
| 16 | 人参皂苷Rg1 | A | R1=-H,R2=-Glc,R3=-O-Glc | 22427-39-0 | [7] |
| 17 | 三七皂苷R1 | A | R1=-H,R2=-Glc,R3=-O-Glc(2-1)Xyl | 439858-23-8 | [4] |
| 18 | 人参皂苷Re | A | R1=-H,R2=-Glc,R3=-O-Glc(2-1)Rha | 51542-56-4 | [2] |
| 19 | 人参皂苷F1 | A | R1=-H,R2=-Glc,R3=-OH | 53963-43-2 | [10] |
| 20 | 人参皂苷Rf | A | R1=-H,R2=-H,R3=-O-Glc(2-1)Glc | 52286-58-5 | [12] |
| 21 | 人参皂苷Rg2 | A | R1=-H,R2=-H,R3=-O-Glc(2-1)Rha | 52286-74-5 | [13] |
| 22 | 人参皂苷Rh1 | A | R1=-H,R2=-H,R3=-O-Glc | 63223-86-9 | [7] |
| 23 | 三七皂苷R2 | A | R1=-H,R2=-H,R3=-O-Glc(2-1)Xyl | 80418-25-3 | [14] |
| 24 | 人参皂苷F4 | B | R1=-H,R2=-O-Glc(2-1)Rha | 181225-33-2 | [11] |
| 25 | 人参皂苷Rh4 | B | R1=-H,R2=-O-Glc | 174721-08-5 | [15] |
| 26 | 人参皂苷Rg5 | B | R1=-Glc(2-1)Glc,R2=-H | 186763-78-0 | [2] |
| 27 | 人参皂苷Rk1 | C | R1=-Glc(2-1)Glc,R2=-H | 494753-69-4 | [16] |
| 28 | 人参皂苷Rg6 | C | R1=-H,R2=-O-Glc(2-1)Rha | 147419-93-0 | [11] |
| 29 | 人参皂苷Rk3 | C | R1=-H,R2=-O-Glc | 364779-15-7 | [17] |
| 30 | 三七皂苷T5 | C | R1=-H,R2=-O-Glc(3-1)Xyl | 69932-34-5 | [18] |
| 31 | 三七皂苷R7 | D | R1=Glc | - | [19] |
| 32 | 人参皂苷Ro | E | R1=-Glu(2-1)Glc,R2=Glc | 34367-04-9 | [2] |
), ArticleFig(id=1322924610278261672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322924591118680900, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 酶 | 转化机制 | 转化途径 | 文献 |
|---|
| β-葡萄糖苷酶 | 水解人参皂苷C-20位和C-3位的葡萄糖基 | F2、Rb1、Rc、Rg3→Rh2 | [29] |
| | Rb1→F2→Rg3→Rh2 | [14] |
| | Rb1→Rg3、Rd;LXXV→CK | [30] |
| | 绞股蓝皂苷XVII→绞股蓝皂苷LXXV→CK | [31] |
| | Rd→F2、CK、原人参二醇;Rh3→CY | |
| | Rb1、Rb2、Rc→CK、c-Mc;Rb3→c-Mx | |
| | 三七皂苷R1→三七皂苷R2→三七皂苷T5 | |
| α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖酶 | 水解C-20位阿拉伯呋喃糖 | Rc→Rd,c-Mc→CK | [30] |
| α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖酶 | 水解C-20位阿拉伯吡喃糖 | Rb2→Rd→F2 | [32] |
| β-半乳糖苷酶 | 水解α-L-阿拉伯糖苷,水解C-3位葡萄糖基 | Rg3→Rh2,CY→CK | [30] |
| α-L-鼠李糖苷酶 | 水解C-6位鼠李糖基 | Re→Rg1,Rg2→Rh1 | [23] |
| β-木糖苷酶 | 水解木寡糖 | R1→Rg1,R2→Rh1,c-Mx→CK | [30] |
| 人参皂苷糖苷酶 | 水解C-6位糖基 | Rg1、Re、Rf→F1;Rh1、Rg2→原人参三醇 | [33] |
| 纤维素酶和果胶酶混合物 | — | Rb1→Rd | [34] |
| 混合水解酶 | — | Re→Rg2、Rg6、F4;Rg1→Rk3、Rh1、Rh4 | [35] |
), ArticleFig(id=1322924611553330089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322924591118680900, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
三七皂苷的生物转化途径
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 酶 | 转化机制 | 转化途径 | 文献 |
|---|
| β-葡萄糖苷酶 | 水解人参皂苷C-20位和C-3位的葡萄糖基 | F2、Rb1、Rc、Rg3→Rh2 | [29] |
| | Rb1→F2→Rg3→Rh2 | [14] |
| | Rb1→Rg3、Rd;LXXV→CK | [30] |
| | 绞股蓝皂苷XVII→绞股蓝皂苷LXXV→CK | [31] |
| | Rd→F2、CK、原人参二醇;Rh3→CY | |
| | Rb1、Rb2、Rc→CK、c-Mc;Rb3→c-Mx | |
| | 三七皂苷R1→三七皂苷R2→三七皂苷T5 | |
| α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖酶 | 水解C-20位阿拉伯呋喃糖 | Rc→Rd,c-Mc→CK | [30] |
| α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖酶 | 水解C-20位阿拉伯吡喃糖 | Rb2→Rd→F2 | [32] |
| β-半乳糖苷酶 | 水解α-L-阿拉伯糖苷,水解C-3位葡萄糖基 | Rg3→Rh2,CY→CK | [30] |
| α-L-鼠李糖苷酶 | 水解C-6位鼠李糖基 | Re→Rg1,Rg2→Rh1 | [23] |
| β-木糖苷酶 | 水解木寡糖 | R1→Rg1,R2→Rh1,c-Mx→CK | [30] |
| 人参皂苷糖苷酶 | 水解C-6位糖基 | Rg1、Re、Rf→F1;Rh1、Rg2→原人参三醇 | [33] |
| 纤维素酶和果胶酶混合物 | — | Rb1→Rd | [34] |
| 混合水解酶 | — | Re→Rg2、Rg6、F4;Rg1→Rk3、Rh1、Rh4 | [35] |
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