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Article(id=1322924308707804149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923268038078806, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.038, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339333941, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339333941, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339333941, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339333941, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322923268038078806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1744214400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339085826, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340586453, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929562572686061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923268038078806, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929562572686062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923268038078806, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=221, endPage=224, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322924311278912502, articleId=1322924308707804149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Effect of Guling Cream（骨灵膏）on Inhibiting Chondrocyte Apoptosis and Promoting Bone Tissue Regeneration in Joint Cartilage Defect Models, columnId=1256183365644968140, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Platform of Provincial Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the effect of Guling Cream（骨灵膏）on bone regeneration and chondrocyte apoptosis in rabbit knee cartilage defect model.

Methods

Thirty male rabbits（New Zealand）were randomly divided into model group，blank control group and Guling Cream low，medium and high dose groups，with 6 rabbits in each group. The model of knee cartilage defect was established by modified joint scoring method. The blank control group did not drill，and the Guling Cream low，medium and high dose groups were given Guling Cream with dose of 1.16 mL/kg（3.70 g/kg），3.47 mL/kg（11.10 g/kg），10.41 mL/kg（33.31 g/kg）by gavage，respectively. The the model group blank and control group were given 3.47 mL/kg normal saline，once every 3 days for 12 weeks. The Wakitani score was used for histological score. Masson staining was used for pathological evaluation，and terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling（TUNEL）method was used to detect synovial and chondrocyte apoptosis. The levels of superoxide dismutase（SOD），nitric oxide（NO），lipid peroxide（LPO）in synovial fluid and pyridine phenol（PYD）in urine were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

At the 12th week after administration，the wound area in the model group was uneven，and the cartilage defect area in each dose group was filled in. The surface of the low dose group was rough，while the medium dose group showed less smoothness. The surface of the high dose group was relatively smooth，and the joint cartilage structure was good. Compared with those in the model group，the arrangement of chondrocytes in each dose group was more regular，and chondrocytes secreted more collagen fibers. The histological scores and apoptosis rates of synovial and chondrocytes in the low，medium and high dose groups of were higher than those in the control group and lower than those in the model group. As the dose increased，the histological scores and apoptosis rates of synovial and chondrocytes showed a decreasing trend（P<0.05）. The levels of joint fluid NO and LPO and urine PYD in the low，medium and high dose groups were higher than those in the control group，but lower than those in the model group. As the dose increased，the expression levels showed a descending trend，and the difference was statistically obvious（P<0.05）. The SOD levels in the joint fluid of the low，medium and high dose groups were lower than those of the control group and higher than those of the model group. As the dose increased，the expression level showed an growing trend，and the difference was statistically obvious（P<0.05）.

Conclusion

Guling Cream can improve the cartilage injury and accelerate the repair of cartilage tissue in rabbits with knee cartilage defect possibly by regulating the expressions of oxidative stress factors to inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis and promote cartilage tissue regeneration.

, authors=Keqi HU, Kaifeng GAN, Ting ZHANG, Chenjie XIA, Ke ZHOU, Yandong SHEN, authorsList=Keqi HU, Kaifeng GAN, Ting ZHANG, Chenjie XIA, Ke ZHOU, Yandong SHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322924320040812550, articleId=1322924308707804149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=骨灵膏通过抑制软骨细胞凋亡促进关节软骨缺损模型骨组织再生研究, columnId=1256183369033965799, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=省级项目平台, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨骨灵膏对兔膝关节软骨缺损模型骨组织再生的作用及对软骨细胞凋亡的影响。

方法

30只雄性新西兰兔，随机分为对照组、模型组以及骨灵膏低、中、高剂量组，每组6只。采用改良型关节刻痕法建立膝关节软骨缺损模型，对照组未钻孔，骨灵膏低、中、高剂量组灌胃给予1.16 mL/kg（3.70 g/kg生药量）、3.47 mL/kg（11.10 g/kg生药量）、10.41 mL/kg（33.31 g/kg生药量）骨灵膏，对照组、模型组给予3.47 mL/kg生理盐水，1次/3 d，连续给药12周。采用Wakitani评分标准进行组织学评分，采用Masson染色法进行病理学评估，采用缺口末端标记（terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling，TUNEL）法检测滑膜、软骨组织细胞凋亡情况，采用酶联免疫吸附法检测尿液中的吡啶酚（pyridinophenol，PYD）以及关节液中的一氧化氮（nitric oxide，NO）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、过氧化脂质（lipid peroxide，LPO）浓度水平。

结果

模型组给药后第12周伤口处凹凸不平，填平不同的剂量组软骨缺损区，其中低剂量组的表面粗糙，中剂量组表明欠光滑，高剂量组表面较光滑，关节软骨结构良好。与模型组相比，各剂量组软骨细胞排列较为规律，软骨细胞分泌的胶原纤维较多。低、中、高剂量组的兔膝关节软骨缺损处组织形态学评分以及滑膜、软骨组织细胞凋亡率高于对照组，低于模型组，随着剂量增加，组织形态学评分以及滑膜、软骨组织细胞凋亡率均呈降低趋势（P<0.05）。低、中、高剂量组的关节液NO、LPO以及尿液PYD水平高于对照组，低于模型组，随着剂量的上涨，表达水平方面则呈下降的趋势，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；低、中、高剂量组的关节液SOD水平低于对照组，高于模型组，随着剂量的上涨，表达水平方面则呈上升的趋势，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

结论

骨灵膏可改善膝关节软骨缺损模型兔的软骨损伤情况，加快软骨组织修复，其作用机制可能为通过调控氧化应激因子表达而抑制软骨细胞凋亡，以及促进软骨组织再生。

, authors=胡珂琦, 干开丰, 张挺, 夏臣杰, 周珂, 沈延东, authorsList=胡珂琦, 干开丰, 张挺, 夏臣杰, 周珂, 沈延东, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

胡珂琦（1991-），男，浙江宁波人，主治医师，硕士，研究方向：骨科与运动医学相关疾病。

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胡珂琦（1991-），男，浙江宁波人，主治医师，硕士，研究方向：骨科与运动医学相关疾病。

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胡珂琦（1991-），男，浙江宁波人，主治医师，硕士，研究方向：骨科与运动医学相关疾病。

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评价指标组织学表现分值
基质着色正常0
轻度降低1
明显降低2
无异染性着色3
细胞形态透明软骨0
主要为透明软骨1
主要为纤维软骨2
少量软骨3
无软骨4
软骨厚度>2/30
1/3~2/31
<1/32
表面规则性光滑（>3/4）0
中等（1/2~3/4）1
不规则（1/4~1/2）2
特别不规则（<1/4）3
组织的修复和周围的软骨结合度两边缘结合0
一边结合1
两边未结合2
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Wakitani评分标准

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评价指标组织学表现分值
基质着色正常0
轻度降低1
明显降低2
无异染性着色3
细胞形态透明软骨0
主要为透明软骨1
主要为纤维软骨2
少量软骨3
无软骨4
软骨厚度>2/30
1/3~2/31
<1/32
表面规则性光滑（>3/4）0
中等（1/2~3/4）1
不规则（1/4~1/2）2
特别不规则（<1/4）3
组织的修复和周围的软骨结合度两边缘结合0
一边结合1
两边未结合2
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组别n形态学评分
对照组60.92±0.17
模型组68.66±0.79
骨灵膏低剂量组66.25±0.66
骨灵膏中剂量组63.85±0.33
骨灵膏高剂量组62.54±0.27
F值220.991
P值<0.001
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5组兔膝关节软骨缺损处组织形态学评分（±s）

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组别n形态学评分
对照组60.92±0.17
模型组68.66±0.79
骨灵膏低剂量组66.25±0.66
骨灵膏中剂量组63.85±0.33
骨灵膏高剂量组62.54±0.27
F值220.991
P值<0.001
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组别n滑膜软骨
对照组65.13±1.674.67±1.35
模型组613.65±3.2418.82±3.54
骨灵膏低剂量组610.37±2.8714.15±3.24
骨灵膏中剂量组68.36±2.7410.64±2.87
骨灵膏高剂量组66.74±2.217.86±2.14
F值9.70424.067
P值<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322924344871092300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322924308707804149, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

5组兔膝关节滑膜、软骨细胞凋亡情况比较（±s）

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组别n滑膜软骨
对照组65.13±1.674.67±1.35
模型组613.65±3.2418.82±3.54
骨灵膏低剂量组610.37±2.8714.15±3.24
骨灵膏中剂量组68.36±2.7410.64±2.87
骨灵膏高剂量组66.74±2.217.86±2.14
F值9.70424.067
P值<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322924345269551183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322924308707804149, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别nSOD/（U/mL）NO/（μmol/l）LPO/（mmol/mL）PYD/（ng/mL）
对照组6137.67±11.6513.73±1.631.58±0.170.93±0.15
模型组6114.45±10.6418.82±2.522.54±0.341.32±0.28
骨灵膏低剂量组6122.37±9.8716.56±2.282.17±0.281.18±0.24
骨灵膏中剂量组6128.67±10.7415.24±1.821.86±0.241.04±0.17
骨灵膏高剂量组6134.74±12.4114.66±1.561.64±0.230.98±0.18
F值4.3105.86314.3363.453
P值0.0090.002<0.0010.023
), ArticleFig(id=1322924345668010065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322924308707804149, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

5组兔膝关节液相关指标以及尿液LPO水平比较（±s）

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组别nSOD/（U/mL）NO/（μmol/l）LPO/（mmol/mL）PYD/（ng/mL）
对照组6137.67±11.6513.73±1.631.58±0.170.93±0.15
模型组6114.45±10.6418.82±2.522.54±0.341.32±0.28
骨灵膏低剂量组6122.37±9.8716.56±2.282.17±0.281.18±0.24
骨灵膏中剂量组6128.67±10.7415.24±1.821.86±0.241.04±0.17
骨灵膏高剂量组6134.74±12.4114.66±1.561.64±0.230.98±0.18
F值4.3105.86314.3363.453
P值0.0090.002<0.0010.023
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骨灵膏通过抑制软骨细胞凋亡促进关节软骨缺损模型骨组织再生研究
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胡珂琦 , 干开丰 , 张挺 , 夏臣杰 , 周珂 , 沈延东
中华中医药学刊 | 省级项目平台 2025,43(4): 221-224
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中华中医药学刊 |省级项目平台 2025 , 43 (4) : 221 -224
骨灵膏通过抑制软骨细胞凋亡促进关节软骨缺损模型骨组织再生研究
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胡珂琦, 干开丰, 张挺, 夏臣杰, 周珂, 沈延东
作者信息
  • 宁波市医疗中心李惠利医院，浙江　宁波　315000
作者简介:

胡珂琦（1991-），男，浙江宁波人，主治医师，硕士，研究方向：骨科与运动医学相关疾病。

Effect of Guling Cream（骨灵膏）on Inhibiting Chondrocyte Apoptosis and Promoting Bone Tissue Regeneration in Joint Cartilage Defect Models
Keqi HU, Kaifeng GAN, Ting ZHANG, Chenjie XIA, Ke ZHOU, Yandong SHEN
Affiliations
  • Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, China
出版时间: 2025-04-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.038
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摘要
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目的

探讨骨灵膏对兔膝关节软骨缺损模型骨组织再生的作用及对软骨细胞凋亡的影响。

方法

30只雄性新西兰兔，随机分为对照组、模型组以及骨灵膏低、中、高剂量组，每组6只。采用改良型关节刻痕法建立膝关节软骨缺损模型，对照组未钻孔，骨灵膏低、中、高剂量组灌胃给予1.16 mL/kg（3.70 g/kg生药量）、3.47 mL/kg（11.10 g/kg生药量）、10.41 mL/kg（33.31 g/kg生药量）骨灵膏，对照组、模型组给予3.47 mL/kg生理盐水，1次/3 d，连续给药12周。采用Wakitani评分标准进行组织学评分，采用Masson染色法进行病理学评估，采用缺口末端标记（terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling，TUNEL）法检测滑膜、软骨组织细胞凋亡情况，采用酶联免疫吸附法检测尿液中的吡啶酚（pyridinophenol，PYD）以及关节液中的一氧化氮（nitric oxide，NO）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、过氧化脂质（lipid peroxide，LPO）浓度水平。

结果

模型组给药后第12周伤口处凹凸不平，填平不同的剂量组软骨缺损区，其中低剂量组的表面粗糙，中剂量组表明欠光滑，高剂量组表面较光滑，关节软骨结构良好。与模型组相比，各剂量组软骨细胞排列较为规律，软骨细胞分泌的胶原纤维较多。低、中、高剂量组的兔膝关节软骨缺损处组织形态学评分以及滑膜、软骨组织细胞凋亡率高于对照组，低于模型组，随着剂量增加，组织形态学评分以及滑膜、软骨组织细胞凋亡率均呈降低趋势（P<0.05）。低、中、高剂量组的关节液NO、LPO以及尿液PYD水平高于对照组，低于模型组，随着剂量的上涨，表达水平方面则呈下降的趋势，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；低、中、高剂量组的关节液SOD水平低于对照组，高于模型组，随着剂量的上涨，表达水平方面则呈上升的趋势，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

结论

骨灵膏可改善膝关节软骨缺损模型兔的软骨损伤情况，加快软骨组织修复，其作用机制可能为通过调控氧化应激因子表达而抑制软骨细胞凋亡，以及促进软骨组织再生。

骨灵膏  /  软骨细胞  /  凋亡  /  膝骨性关节炎  /  软骨缺损
Objective

To investigate the effect of Guling Cream（骨灵膏）on bone regeneration and chondrocyte apoptosis in rabbit knee cartilage defect model.

Methods

Thirty male rabbits（New Zealand）were randomly divided into model group，blank control group and Guling Cream low，medium and high dose groups，with 6 rabbits in each group. The model of knee cartilage defect was established by modified joint scoring method. The blank control group did not drill，and the Guling Cream low，medium and high dose groups were given Guling Cream with dose of 1.16 mL/kg（3.70 g/kg），3.47 mL/kg（11.10 g/kg），10.41 mL/kg（33.31 g/kg）by gavage，respectively. The the model group blank and control group were given 3.47 mL/kg normal saline，once every 3 days for 12 weeks. The Wakitani score was used for histological score. Masson staining was used for pathological evaluation，and terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling（TUNEL）method was used to detect synovial and chondrocyte apoptosis. The levels of superoxide dismutase（SOD），nitric oxide（NO），lipid peroxide（LPO）in synovial fluid and pyridine phenol（PYD）in urine were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

At the 12th week after administration，the wound area in the model group was uneven，and the cartilage defect area in each dose group was filled in. The surface of the low dose group was rough，while the medium dose group showed less smoothness. The surface of the high dose group was relatively smooth，and the joint cartilage structure was good. Compared with those in the model group，the arrangement of chondrocytes in each dose group was more regular，and chondrocytes secreted more collagen fibers. The histological scores and apoptosis rates of synovial and chondrocytes in the low，medium and high dose groups of were higher than those in the control group and lower than those in the model group. As the dose increased，the histological scores and apoptosis rates of synovial and chondrocytes showed a decreasing trend（P<0.05）. The levels of joint fluid NO and LPO and urine PYD in the low，medium and high dose groups were higher than those in the control group，but lower than those in the model group. As the dose increased，the expression levels showed a descending trend，and the difference was statistically obvious（P<0.05）. The SOD levels in the joint fluid of the low，medium and high dose groups were lower than those of the control group and higher than those of the model group. As the dose increased，the expression level showed an growing trend，and the difference was statistically obvious（P<0.05）.

Conclusion

Guling Cream can improve the cartilage injury and accelerate the repair of cartilage tissue in rabbits with knee cartilage defect possibly by regulating the expressions of oxidative stress factors to inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis and promote cartilage tissue regeneration.

Guling Cream（骨灵膏）  /  chondrocytes  /  apoptosis  /  knee osteoarthritis  /  cartilage defect
胡珂琦, 干开丰, 张挺, 夏臣杰, 周珂, 沈延东. 骨灵膏通过抑制软骨细胞凋亡促进关节软骨缺损模型骨组织再生研究. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (4) : 221 -224 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.038
Keqi HU, Kaifeng GAN, Ting ZHANG, Chenjie XIA, Ke ZHOU, Yandong SHEN. Effect of Guling Cream（骨灵膏）on Inhibiting Chondrocyte Apoptosis and Promoting Bone Tissue Regeneration in Joint Cartilage Defect Models[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (4) : 221 -224 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.038
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骨关节炎（osteoarthritis，OA）是临床常见的骨关节疾病，又称为退行性关节炎，主要病理表现为关节软骨退行性变、骨质硬化、继发性骨质增生等，其中以脊柱、膝关节、髋关节等负重较大的部位为主[1-2]。膝骨性关节炎（knee osteoarthritis，KOA）发病率、耐药性以及复发率均较高，且膝关节软骨不含神经或淋巴组织、血管，损伤后的组织自我修复能力较差，临床治疗难度较大[3]。膝骨性关节炎的发病机制较为复杂，给西药治疗带来极大挑战，其中氧化损伤、免疫功能异常、炎症损伤等均可能参与疾病的发生、发展，且多种机制互相作用，进而引起胞外基质降解、关节软骨细胞凋亡，最终导致膝关节系统损伤[4]。中医认为[5-6]，骨关节炎属于“鹤膝风”“筋痹”“骨痹”“痹证”与“历节”范畴，其病机为外邪入侵、肝肾亏虚导致瘀血内生，从而阻滞气血与经络，阻塞经络，不通则痛，故而治疗痹证的两个基本理论思维为“脏病”和“络病”。《素问·长刺节论篇》[7]里面就有记载：“病在骨，骨重则不可举，骨髓痠痛，寒气至，名曰骨痹”“病在筋，筋挛节痛，不可以行，名曰筋痹”。《证治准绳》[8]记载：“上下腿细，唯膝为大，形如鹤膝。”故而筋骨失养，导致血瘀内阻，血瘀气滞，治疗当以活血化瘀与疏经通络之法。骨灵膏是通过“效合提取”方式制成的膏滋剂型，将治疗“络病”和“脏病”联合为一体，可起到标本兼治的作用。本研究将从现代药理学角度探讨骨灵膏对膝骨性关节炎的影响，通过建立兔膝骨性关节炎软骨缺损模型，进一步研究骨灵膏对关节软骨组织病理性改变以及骨组织再生的影响，从而为临床治疗提供理论依据。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　材料与仪器
健康成年雄性新西兰兔（30只），月龄5～6个月，体质量介于1.6～2.2 kg范围，来源于上海斯莱克公司，具体的生产许可证号：SCXK（沪）2022-0004。于宁波大学实验动物中心饲养，许可证号：SYXK（浙）2019-0005。自由饮水、进食，室内通风，温度（21±2）℃，相对湿度保持在40%～60%，实验前适应性饲养1周，12 h/12 h昼夜交替周期，自由进食饲料和水。本实验遵循《中国实验动物管理条例》及《中国实验动物使用规范》的要求。
骨灵膏由北京同仁堂提供；0.9%氯化钠注射液购自于石家庄第四制药厂；DMEM培养基、胎牛血清购自于Hyclone公司；磷酸盐缓冲液（phosphate buffered solution，PBS）粉末、戊巴比妥钠等均购自于Sigma公司；兔吡啶酚（pyridinophenol，PYD）、一氧化氮（nitric oxide，NO）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、过氧化脂质（lipid peroxide，LPO）酶联免疫检测试剂盒购自于上海酶联生物科技有限公司；辣根过氧化物酶（horseradish peroxidase，HRP）标记抗兔IgG购自于北京博奥森生物技术有限公司；TUNEL细胞相关的凋亡检测试剂盒由碧云天公司提供。
常规手术器械购自于上海手术器械厂；分析天平购自于梅特勒托利多公司；64R型低温高速离心机购自美国Beckman公司；Multiskan SkyHigh酶标仪购自于美国Thermo公司；CKX53型倒置显微镜购自日本奥林巴斯；KH-Q350型切片机购自河南海阔医疗器械有限公司；BM-Ⅶ型生物组织包埋机购自湖北省宏业医用仪器有限公司。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　模型建立
30只健康成年雄性新西兰兔随机分为对照组、模型组以及骨灵膏低、中、高剂量组，每组6只。膝关节软骨的缺损模型建立通过改良型关节刻痕法，具体的操作：经兔耳位置的缘静脉给予浓度为3%的戊巴比妥钠溶液（具体的剂量为1 mL/kg），剃毛之后予以常规的消毒；在髌骨的内缘开一个切口，把皮下组织仔细地分离，并将内侧关节囊切断，用电钻在兔右膝股骨髁中部髌股关节面上钻孔直至髓腔，孔直径3 mm，深5 mm，造成股骨内侧髁软骨缺损，逐层缝合，术后5 d内每天给予青霉素20万U。对照组未钻孔，其他操作同模型组以及给药组。
1.2.2　骨灵膏给药制剂制备
组方加水予以浸泡，时长为1 h，3次煎煮，每次3 h，合并之后煎汁，静置，过滤，然后将浓缩滤液加入，之后将其转移到桑皮纸上，一段时间放置等到浓缩液的周围肉眼没有水渗出即获得此次实验的清膏，加入相同质量的炼蜜，加热将其搅拌融化，温度达到20℃时检测其相对密度是1.4即完成制作。
1.2.3　给药
骨灵膏低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃给予1.16 mL/kg（3.70 g/kg生药量）、3.47 mL/kg（11.10 g/kg生药量）、10.41 mL/kg（33.31 g/kg生药量）的骨灵膏，模型组、对照组均给予3.47 mL/kg的生理盐水，1次/3 d，连续给药12周。最后一次给药结束后于次日清晨处死新西兰兔，分离获取兔膝关节软骨缺损处修复组织、关节液以及尿液。
1.3　观察指标
1.3.1　组织形态学评分[9]
第12周给药后，在显微镜观察软骨缺损位置修复组织的基质着色情况、软骨的具体厚度、细胞的形态、表面的规则性、填充的软骨与周围软骨的结合程度，依据Wakitani评分标准予以相应的组织学评分，总分介于0～10分，得分和软骨缺损的修复情况成反比，具体评分见表1。
1.3.2　病理学评估
第12周给药后，采用Masson染色法对兔膝关节软骨缺损处组织进行染色。缺损处组织经过石蜡包埋、切片（厚度4 μm）、脱蜡、梯度乙醇脱水处理，随后经过多步染色，依次为复合性染液（苦味酸酶＋1%桔黄G）染色30 min，苏木精核染15 min，复合性染液（酸性复红＋丽春红）染色10 min，1%磷钨酸分化10 min，1%亚甲蓝染液染色15 min，95%乙醇分色，脱水，中性树胶封片后，显微镜观察。
1.3.3　滑膜、软骨细胞凋亡
采用TUNEL方式对滑膜及软骨组织中软骨细胞具体凋亡情况予以检测，软骨组织、滑膜通过固定、脱水、包埋等方面的处理，采用TUNEL检测试剂盒进行检测。每个切片选取5个200倍视野，计数每100个细胞中所含凋亡细胞个数，凋亡率＝凋亡细胞个数/100。
1.3.4　兔膝关节液相关指标以及尿液PYD水平
采用酶联免疫吸附法检测兔关节液中NO、SOD、LPO以及尿液PYD表达水平，配制系列标准浓度样品，酶标仪检测各标准浓度样品吸光度值，绘制吸光度-浓度标准曲线，将待测样品吸光度值代入曲线，经过回算可得浓度，按照检测试剂盒说明操作进行。
1.4　统计学分析
采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析，用表示计量资料，多组间用单因素方差分析，两两比较采用LSD-t检验。检验水准＝0.05，以P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
2　结果
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2.1　兔膝关节缺损区修复情况
5组兔在软骨缺损模型建立后，伤口周围皮肤温度正常，伤口未发现红肿。模型组给药后第12周伤口凹凸不平，填平不同的剂量组软骨缺损区，骨灵膏低剂量组的表面粗糙，骨灵膏中剂量组表明欠光滑，骨灵膏高剂量组表面较光滑，关节软骨结构良好。
2.2　兔膝关节软骨缺损处组织病理学变化情况
模型组给药后第12周，骨缺损处组织生成大量纤维素，排列无规律，且软骨细胞以及分泌的胶原纤维较少。骨灵膏低剂量组软骨细胞排列紊乱，胶原纤维分泌的并不多。骨灵膏中剂量组的软骨细胞比较多，排列较为规律，胶原纤维分泌的较少，但是生成大量纤维素，排列较规律。骨灵膏高剂量组软骨细胞比较多，排列较为规律，胶原纤维分泌的较多，生成纤维素量比较少。
2.3　兔膝关节软骨缺损处组织形态学评分
低、中、高剂量组的兔膝关节软骨缺损处组织形态学评分高于对照组，低于模型组，随着剂量增加，组织形态学评分均呈降低趋势，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。见表2。
2.4　滑膜、软骨细胞凋亡情况
骨灵膏低、中、高剂量组的滑膜、软骨细胞凋亡率高于对照组，低于模型组，随着剂量增加，凋亡率均呈降低趋势，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。见表3。
2.5　兔膝关节液相关指标以及尿液LPO水平
骨灵膏低、中、高剂量组的关节液NO、LPO以及尿液PYD水平高于对照组，低于模型组，随着剂量的上涨，表达水平方面则呈下降的趋势，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；骨灵膏低、中、高剂量组的关节液SOD水平低于对照组，高于模型组，随着剂量的上涨，表达水平方面则呈上升的趋势，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。见表4。
3　讨论
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骨关节炎是以骨关节软骨退行性改变为主要病理特征的慢性关节疾病，随着疾病进展会加重关节软骨损伤、破坏，进而导致骨质增生硬化、骨赘形成等，其中胞外基质降解、软骨细胞凋亡是关节软骨退变的主要诱因[10-11]。骨关节炎病因病机错综复杂，临床研究发现单一治疗方式的疗效有待提高，对疾病整体病理机制进行多角度、多途径研究可更好地为临床治疗提供指导[12-14]。中医治疗疾病具有整体治疗、整体调节的理论优势，且治疗慢性关节疾病的疗效也逐步得到临床认可，中药复方制剂活性成分多，为中药的多成分、多靶点、多途径特点提供基础，同时根据患者具体病证调控组方以及加减治疗，从而做到个性化治疗[15-16]。经过历代名医总结痹证（骨关节炎）的治疗经验，最终形成了祛风、祛湿、清热、化痰、活血化瘀、补肾及柔肝等方法[17]。骨灵膏则是根据多年的经验归纳之后而形成，方中组成包括威灵仙、骨碎补、巴戟天、熟地黄、白芍、枸杞子等多味药材，具有肝肾同补、调理脾脏、调补心肺、活血通络等功效[18-19]。本次研究通过建立兔膝关节软骨缺损模型，给予不同剂量骨灵膏12周后，观察发现模型组的软骨缺损处凹凸不平，而骨灵膏各剂量组膝关节软骨缺损区填平或者恢复良好，其中骨灵膏低剂量组表面粗糙，高剂量组较光滑。同时，通过组织病理学研究发现，与模型组相比，各剂量组软骨细胞排列较为规律，软骨细胞分泌的胶原纤维较多，且骨灵膏低、中、高剂量组的兔膝关节软骨缺损处组织形态学评分高于对照组，低于模型组，随着剂量增加，组织形态学评分均呈降低趋势（P<0.05），进一步表明骨灵膏能有效促进软骨生长，加快兔膝关节软骨缺损模型软骨损伤的修复，且药效存在剂量依赖性。从中医理疗角度分析认为[20-21]，骨灵膏组方中的丹参可活血止痛、宁心安神；羌活具有调补心肺、调畅气机的功效，党参可补中益气、健脾益肺；黄芪调理脾脏、有助于恢复气血生化，使筋骨润泽厚实，威灵仙、骨碎补、巴戟天等具有肝肾同补的功效，可恢复颓废失用之筋骨功能，以上药材联合使用可治心、肝、脾、肺、肾及“脏病”，有助于机体气机疏畅、宗气充沛以及络病自愈，再配合使用当归补血活血、调经止痛，川牛膝、川芎活血行气、祛风止痛等药材，诸药配伍共行活血化瘀、除痹止痛、疏经通络，最终起到标本兼治的效果。
软骨细胞凋亡是膝骨关节炎的关键病理表现，且在膝骨关节炎的发生、发展过程中，氧化应激因子（NO、LPO、SOD）的异常表达与软骨细胞凋亡密切关联[22-23]。LPO作为自由基脂质过氧化反应的代谢产物，可破坏细胞膜，反映自由基对软骨细胞的损伤程度[24]；SOD可通过歧化作用而清除氧自由基，具有保护软骨、滑膜细胞免受氧自由基损伤的作用，有研究表明SOD还可阻断细胞色素C依赖的线粒体凋亡途径，从而发挥细胞保护作用[25]；NO具有广泛的生理作用，包括细胞毒性因子、信息传导等功能，其表达增加可促进金属蛋白酶、胶原酶的生物活性，从而促进胶原、蛋白聚糖裂解，以及抑制基质蛋白多糖合成，同时还能促进软骨细胞糖酵解，诱导细胞凋亡，抑制软骨细胞增殖，破坏骨质，最终加重骨关节炎的发展[26]。本次研究发现，骨灵膏低、中、高剂量组的关节液NO、LPO水平高于对照组，低于模型组，而关节液SOD水平低于对照组，高于模型组，且关节液NO、LPO、SOD表达水平与剂量存在相关性，表明骨灵膏可上调关节液SOD表达，下调关节液NO、LPO表达，从而改善膝骨关节氧化应激状态，有助于软骨组织再生修复。已有研究证实[27]，提高SOD活性可改善软骨细胞代谢，减少NO、LPO表达可抑制软骨组织细胞凋亡，结合本次研究发现骨灵膏低、中、高剂量组的滑膜、软骨细胞凋亡率低于模型组，进一步证实骨灵膏可有效降低滑膜、软骨组织细胞凋亡，且存在剂量依赖性。另外，PYD作为软骨中的胶原纤维连接物，在关节损伤后会被大量释放，进入循环系统后，最终经肾脏以尿液的形式排出体外，其作为骨吸收标志物，可通过观察尿液中的水平评估骨损伤、降解情况[28]。本次研究也发现各剂量组的尿液PYD水平明显低于模型组，且随着剂量增加，尿液中的PYD水平呈降低趋势，进一步表明骨灵膏可改善膝骨关节炎的软骨损伤情况，能有效修复兔软骨损伤。
综上所述，骨灵膏可改善膝关节软骨缺损模型兔的软骨损伤情况，加快软骨组织修复，其作用机制可能为调控氧化应激因子表达而抑制软骨细胞凋亡，以及促进软骨组织再生。
基金
收起
  • 浙江省自然科学基金项目(LQ21H060002)
  • 宁波市医疗卫生高端团队重大攻坚项目(2022020102)
  • 宁波市自然科学基金项目(2022J251)
文献
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2025年第43卷第4期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.038
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2025-04-10
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基金
浙江省自然科学基金项目(LQ21H060002)
宁波市医疗卫生高端团队重大攻坚项目(2022020102)
宁波市自然科学基金项目(2022J251)
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    宁波市医疗中心李惠利医院，浙江　宁波　315000
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zhzyyxk/CN/10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.038
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species		 占总种数比例
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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