Article(id=1322923783249593222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923268038078806, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339208661, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339208661, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339208661, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339208661, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322923268038078806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1744214400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339085826, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340586453, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929562572686061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923268038078806, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929562572686062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923268038078806, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=66, endPage=71, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322923787016078218, articleId=1322923783249593222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Clinical Study of Zhuyang Tongbian Decoction(助阳通便汤)on Constipation Patients and Its Effect on VIP of Colon Tissue in Constipation Model Mice, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To observe the clinical efficacy of Zhuyang Tongbian Decoction(助阳通便汤)on patients with functional constipation(spleen and kidney Yang deficiency)and the effects of serum substance P(SP)and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)as well as its effects on the histopathology of the colon and the expression of VIPin the constipation model mice.

Methods

(1)Sixty-six patients who met the diagnosis of functional constipation and whose TCM syndrome was spleen and kidney Yang deficiency were grouped by randomized numerical table method,including the treatment group(33 cases)and the control group(33 cases). The treatment group was given Zhuyang Tongbian Decoction(130 mL)orally twice a day,and the control group was given Lactulose(15 mL)orally twice a day. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks. The constipation symptom scores,fecal character score,traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores and contents of serum SPand VIPbefore and after the use of drugs in the two groups were compared.(2)Eighteen BALB/c mice were divided into KB group(blank control group),MX group(model group)and ZY group(Zhuyang Tongbian Decoction group)according to the randomized numerical table method,6 mice in each group were modeled by gavage with 80 mg/kg of diphenoxylate tablets suspension,and ZY group was given Zhuyang Tongbian Decoction(0.2 mL/10 g)for two weeks,and then samples were taken out to observe the histopathology of colon and VIP immunohistochemical expressions of each group. Colonic histopathology and VIPimmunohistochemical expressions were observed in each group.

Results

(1)The scores of constipation symptoms and fecal character of patients in both groups after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment(P<0.05). There was a significant difference in TCM symptom scores in the treatment group(P<0.05). The serum SP content of patients in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the serum VIPcontent was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05). The effective rate was 90.0% in the treatment group and 73.3% in the control group(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the mice in the model group(MX group),the distribution of VIP-positively expressing cells was relatively denser and the number of positive cells was higher in the colonic tissues of the mice in the ZY group(P<0.05).

Conclusion

The clinical symptoms and traditional Chinese medicine symptoms of patients with functional constipation(spleen and kidney Yang deficiency)were improved by Zhuyang Tongbian Decoction,and it also had an intervention effect on the contents of serum SPand VIPof the patients. The modulation of VIPcontent in the colon tissue of mice with constipation by Zhuyang Tongbian Decoction is one of its mechanisms of action in the treatment of functional constipation.

, authors=Lu WANG1, Nan SUI1, 2, authorsList=Lu WANG, Nan SUI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Nan SUI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322923801280906148, articleId=1322923783249593222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=助阳通便汤治疗功能性便秘临床观察及对便秘模型小鼠结肠组织VIP的影响, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

观察助阳通便汤对功能性便秘(脾肾阳虚证)患者的临床疗效和患者血清P物质(substance P,SP)、血管活性肠肽(vasoactive intestinal peptide,VIP)含量的影响,以及其对便秘模型小鼠结肠组织病理及VIP表达的影响。

方法

(1)将66例符合功能性便秘诊断,且中医证型为脾肾阳虚证的患者,用随机数字表法进行分组,其中治疗组(33例)、对照组(33例),治疗组助阳通便汤130 mL日2次口服,对照组乳果糖15 mL日2次口服,均治疗2周。比较两组患者用药前后便秘症状评分、粪便性状评分、中医证候评分及血清SP、VIP含量。(2)将18只雄性BALB/c小鼠依据随机数字表法分为KB组(空白对照组)、MX组(模型组)、ZY组(助阳通便汤组)3组,每组6只,以复方地芬诺酯片混悬液80 mg/kg灌胃的方法进行造模。ZY组给予助阳通便汤0.2 mL/10 g连续2周灌胃,结束后取材,观察各组小鼠结肠组织病理及VIP免疫组化表达。

结果

(1)治疗后两组患者便秘症状及粪便性状的评分均比治疗前显著提高(P<0.05);治疗组中医证候评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组患者血清SP含量高于对照组(P<0.05),血清VIP含量低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组有效率90.0%,对照组有效率73.3%(P<0.05)。(2)与模型组(MX组)小鼠比较,助阳通便汤组(ZY组)小鼠结肠组织中VIP阳性表达细胞分布相对较密集,阳性细胞数量较多(P<0.05)。

结论

助阳通便汤对功能性便秘(脾肾阳虚证)患者的临床症状及中医证候有较好地改善,并且对患者血清SP、VIP含量有干预作用;助阳通便汤调控便秘模型小鼠结肠组织VIP含量是其治疗功能性便秘的作用机制之一。

, authors=王璐1, 隋楠1, 2, authorsList=王璐, 隋楠, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=隋楠, authorNote=

王璐(1995-),女(满族),辽宁本溪人,医师,硕士,研究方向:中医外科学肛肠。

, correspAuthorsNote=
隋楠(1978-),女,辽宁大连人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士,博士后,研究方向:中西医结合治疗肛肠疾病的临床与科研。E-mail:。
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王璐(1995-),女(满族),辽宁本溪人,医师,硕士,研究方向:中医外科学肛肠。

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王璐(1995-),女(满族),辽宁本溪人,医师,硕士,研究方向:中医外科学肛肠。

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组别例数男∶女/(例)平均年龄/(岁±s)病程/(年±s)
对照组3010∶2046.1±13.4610.0±5.75
治疗组3012∶1844.5±14.929.9±6.71
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两组功能性便秘患者性别、年龄以及病程比较

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组别例数男∶女/(例)平均年龄/(岁±s)病程/(年±s)
对照组3010∶2046.1±13.4610.0±5.75
治疗组3012∶1844.5±14.929.9±6.71
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组别例数治疗前治疗后
对照组3022.8(21.5,24.0)14.8(11.5,18.0)△
治疗组3023.0(17.5,26.0)11.0(9.0,13.0)△▲
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两组功能性便秘患者治疗前后便秘症状评分比较[M(P25,P75)]

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组别例数治疗前治疗后
对照组3022.8(21.5,24.0)14.8(11.5,18.0)△
治疗组3023.0(17.5,26.0)11.0(9.0,13.0)△▲
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组别例数时间Ⅰ、Ⅱ、ⅢⅣ、ⅤⅥ、Ⅶ
对照组30治疗前24(80.0)5(16.7)1(3.3)
治疗后15(50.0)8(26.7)7(23.3)△
治疗组30治疗前23(76.7)6(20.0)1(3.3)
治疗后9(30.0)18(60.0)3(10.0)△▲
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两组功能性便秘患者治疗前后Bristol粪便性状评分比较

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组别例数时间Ⅰ、Ⅱ、ⅢⅣ、ⅤⅥ、Ⅶ
对照组30治疗前24(80.0)5(16.7)1(3.3)
治疗后15(50.0)8(26.7)7(23.3)△
治疗组30治疗前23(76.7)6(20.0)1(3.3)
治疗后9(30.0)18(60.0)3(10.0)△▲
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组别例数时间腹部冷痛,喜暖面色白四肢不温小便清长
对照组30治疗前2(1,2)2(1,2)2(1,2)2(1,2)
治疗后2(1,2)▲2(1,2)▲2(1,2)▲2(1,2)▲
治疗组30治疗前2(1,3)2(1,3)2(1,2)2(1,2)
治疗后1(1,1.25)△1(0.75,1)△1(1,1.25)△1(1,2)△
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两组功能性便秘患者治疗前后中医症状评分[M(P25,P75)]

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组别例数时间腹部冷痛,喜暖面色白四肢不温小便清长
对照组30治疗前2(1,2)2(1,2)2(1,2)2(1,2)
治疗后2(1,2)▲2(1,2)▲2(1,2)▲2(1,2)▲
治疗组30治疗前2(1,3)2(1,3)2(1,2)2(1,2)
治疗后1(1,1.25)△1(0.75,1)△1(1,1.25)△1(1,2)△
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组别例数时间血清SP含量血清VIP含量
对照组30治疗前23.40±2.9833.29±4.39
治疗后26.08±2.34△24.53±4.15△
治疗组30治疗前23.26±3.4335.42±6.66
治疗后28.61±2.15△▲20.91±2.17△▲
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两组功能性便秘患者治疗前后血清SP、VIP含量比较(±s)

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组别例数时间血清SP含量血清VIP含量
对照组30治疗前23.40±2.9833.29±4.39
治疗后26.08±2.34△24.53±4.15△
治疗组30治疗前23.26±3.4335.42±6.66
治疗后28.61±2.15△▲20.91±2.17△▲
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组别nVIP
KB组60.233±0.02
MX组60.119±0.01△
ZY组60.216±0.02▲
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各组小鼠结肠组织VIP平均光密度值比较(±s)

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组别nVIP
KB组60.233±0.02
MX组60.119±0.01△
ZY组60.216±0.02▲
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助阳通便汤治疗功能性便秘临床观察及对便秘模型小鼠结肠组织VIP的影响
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王璐 1 , 隋楠 1, 2
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(4): 66-71
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (4) : 66 -71
助阳通便汤治疗功能性便秘临床观察及对便秘模型小鼠结肠组织VIP的影响
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王璐1, 隋楠1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.辽宁中医药大学附属第三医院,辽宁 沈阳 110003
  • 2.辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847
通讯作者:
隋楠(1978-),女,辽宁大连人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士,博士后,研究方向:中西医结合治疗肛肠疾病的临床与科研。E-mail:。
作者简介:

王璐(1995-),女(满族),辽宁本溪人,医师,硕士,研究方向:中医外科学肛肠。

Clinical Study of Zhuyang Tongbian Decoction(助阳通便汤)on Constipation Patients and Its Effect on VIP of Colon Tissue in Constipation Model Mice
Lu WANG1, Nan SUI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.The Third Afflicted Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110003, Liaoning, China
  • 2.Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, Liaoning, China
出版时间: 2025-04-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.012
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目的

观察助阳通便汤对功能性便秘(脾肾阳虚证)患者的临床疗效和患者血清P物质(substance P,SP)、血管活性肠肽(vasoactive intestinal peptide,VIP)含量的影响,以及其对便秘模型小鼠结肠组织病理及VIP表达的影响。

方法

(1)将66例符合功能性便秘诊断,且中医证型为脾肾阳虚证的患者,用随机数字表法进行分组,其中治疗组(33例)、对照组(33例),治疗组助阳通便汤130 mL日2次口服,对照组乳果糖15 mL日2次口服,均治疗2周。比较两组患者用药前后便秘症状评分、粪便性状评分、中医证候评分及血清SP、VIP含量。(2)将18只雄性BALB/c小鼠依据随机数字表法分为KB组(空白对照组)、MX组(模型组)、ZY组(助阳通便汤组)3组,每组6只,以复方地芬诺酯片混悬液80 mg/kg灌胃的方法进行造模。ZY组给予助阳通便汤0.2 mL/10 g连续2周灌胃,结束后取材,观察各组小鼠结肠组织病理及VIP免疫组化表达。

结果

(1)治疗后两组患者便秘症状及粪便性状的评分均比治疗前显著提高(P<0.05);治疗组中医证候评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组患者血清SP含量高于对照组(P<0.05),血清VIP含量低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组有效率90.0%,对照组有效率73.3%(P<0.05)。(2)与模型组(MX组)小鼠比较,助阳通便汤组(ZY组)小鼠结肠组织中VIP阳性表达细胞分布相对较密集,阳性细胞数量较多(P<0.05)。

结论

助阳通便汤对功能性便秘(脾肾阳虚证)患者的临床症状及中医证候有较好地改善,并且对患者血清SP、VIP含量有干预作用;助阳通便汤调控便秘模型小鼠结肠组织VIP含量是其治疗功能性便秘的作用机制之一。

助阳通便汤  /  功能性便秘  /  脾肾阳虚型  /  SP  /  VIP
Objective

To observe the clinical efficacy of Zhuyang Tongbian Decoction(助阳通便汤)on patients with functional constipation(spleen and kidney Yang deficiency)and the effects of serum substance P(SP)and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)as well as its effects on the histopathology of the colon and the expression of VIPin the constipation model mice.

Methods

(1)Sixty-six patients who met the diagnosis of functional constipation and whose TCM syndrome was spleen and kidney Yang deficiency were grouped by randomized numerical table method,including the treatment group(33 cases)and the control group(33 cases). The treatment group was given Zhuyang Tongbian Decoction(130 mL)orally twice a day,and the control group was given Lactulose(15 mL)orally twice a day. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks. The constipation symptom scores,fecal character score,traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores and contents of serum SPand VIPbefore and after the use of drugs in the two groups were compared.(2)Eighteen BALB/c mice were divided into KB group(blank control group),MX group(model group)and ZY group(Zhuyang Tongbian Decoction group)according to the randomized numerical table method,6 mice in each group were modeled by gavage with 80 mg/kg of diphenoxylate tablets suspension,and ZY group was given Zhuyang Tongbian Decoction(0.2 mL/10 g)for two weeks,and then samples were taken out to observe the histopathology of colon and VIP immunohistochemical expressions of each group. Colonic histopathology and VIPimmunohistochemical expressions were observed in each group.

Results

(1)The scores of constipation symptoms and fecal character of patients in both groups after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment(P<0.05). There was a significant difference in TCM symptom scores in the treatment group(P<0.05). The serum SP content of patients in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the serum VIPcontent was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05). The effective rate was 90.0% in the treatment group and 73.3% in the control group(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the mice in the model group(MX group),the distribution of VIP-positively expressing cells was relatively denser and the number of positive cells was higher in the colonic tissues of the mice in the ZY group(P<0.05).

Conclusion

The clinical symptoms and traditional Chinese medicine symptoms of patients with functional constipation(spleen and kidney Yang deficiency)were improved by Zhuyang Tongbian Decoction,and it also had an intervention effect on the contents of serum SPand VIPof the patients. The modulation of VIPcontent in the colon tissue of mice with constipation by Zhuyang Tongbian Decoction is one of its mechanisms of action in the treatment of functional constipation.

Zhuyang Tongbian Decoction(助阳通便汤)  /  functional constipation  /  spleen and kidney Yang deficiency type  /  SP  /  VIP
王璐, 隋楠. 助阳通便汤治疗功能性便秘临床观察及对便秘模型小鼠结肠组织VIP的影响. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (4) : 66 -71 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.012
Lu WANG, Nan SUI. Clinical Study of Zhuyang Tongbian Decoction(助阳通便汤)on Constipation Patients and Its Effect on VIP of Colon Tissue in Constipation Model Mice[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (4) : 66 -71 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.012
功能性便秘(fuctional constipation,FC),是指除了肠道、全身器质性疾病和药物等因素所致的消化系统常见疾病,以排便困难、便质干硬、便不尽感及便时肛门直肠处有堵塞不畅感为主症的功能性疾病。流行病学研究显示,在国外儿童(8~17岁)便秘的患病率为15.6%,青壮年(18~29岁)的患病率22.8%[1],在我国儿童便秘的患病率为18.8%,老年人群为18.1%,均高于普通人群的8.2%,且性别、诊断标准、地理区域、年龄、受教育程度和种族等因素对便秘患病率均有影响[2]。便秘病程渐长后,在影响生活质量、精神心理的同时,还可因受损伤的排便反射相关调节机制引起神经系统疾病、因血流动力学改变引起心脑血管疾病、因坚硬粪块、粪石长时间压迫肠壁引起的下消化道的胃肠疾病及其他系统疾病。且老年患病危害远大于其他年龄阶段,应引起重视[3]。助阳通便汤组方来源于全国名中医田振国教授经验方,本文就助阳通便汤对脾肾阳虚型便秘患者的临床疗效和血清中的胃肠激素SP、VIP的影响进行观察,以及其对便秘模型小鼠结肠组织病理及VIP免疫组化表达的影响,进一步探讨助阳通便汤的疗效及作用机制,丰富中医药治疗便秘的思路。
将2021年12月—2022年12月于辽宁中医药大学附属第三医院门诊就诊的66例符合中医证型诊断为脾肾阳虚型功能性便秘患者,参照随机对照法,其中治疗组(33例)、对照组(33例)。截至研究结束,对照组与治疗组的脱落情况为:各脱落3例(其中治疗组3例患者因个人原因脱落;对照组2例患者失访,1例患者因个人原因脱落)。实际进行统计学分析的样本数为每组30例,符合预期标准。两组患者性别、年龄以及病程差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。详见表1。
(1)西医诊断标准。参考《罗马Ⅳ功能性便秘诊断标准》[4]中的西医诊断标准。
①必须符合下列2项或2项以上:≥25%时发生排便费力;≥25%时排便为球状便或硬便;≥25%时出现排便有不尽感;≥25%时排便伴肛门直肠堵塞感;≥25%时排便需要手法辅助;每周<3次自发排便(Spontaneous bowel movements,SBM)。
②不使用泻药几乎见不到稀便。
③不符合肠易激综合征(Irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)的诊断标准。
④排除由器质性疾病、药物或手术所致的功能性便秘。
注:以上症状至少出现6个月,且近3个月一直存在。
(2)中医诊断标准。参考《中药新药治疗便秘临床研究指导原则》[5]《慢性便秘中医诊疗共识意见》[6]中脾肾阳虚型便秘的诊断标准,满足主症,至少两项次症,及舌脉。主症:粪便排出艰难,排便时间延长。次症:①腹部冷痛,喜暖;②面色白光白;③小便清长;④四肢不温。舌脉:舌淡苔白,脉沉迟。
(3)纳入及排除标准。①纳入标准:符合上述西医及中医诊断标准;18岁≤年龄≤75岁,性别不限;入组前1个月内未服用任何泻药;试验期内自愿配合用药治疗,遵医嘱,可随访;签署知情同意书。
②排除标准:年龄<18岁,>75岁;妊娠期或哺乳期妇女;糖尿病或伴有其他器质性疾病;伴有各类传染病者;既往有多种药物过敏者;服用某些药物而致便秘;有严重的认知障碍,精神状态异常。
(4)剔除及终止标准。①不符合诊断标准而被误纳入;②受试期内自用影响胃肠动力的药物;③受试期内出现不良反应;④依从性较差;⑤受试期内失访。
(5)受试者权益保护。本研究经辽宁中医药大学附属第三医院伦理审查委员会批准(LLPJ-ZY-GC-2021-001-01)。
(1)对照组。乳果糖(批准文号:进口药物注册号:H20170152,奥地利Fresenius Kabi Austria GmbH公司生产,规格:15 mL/支×6支)。服用方法:15 mL/次,2次/d,早晚口服。治疗2周。
(2)治疗组。助阳通便汤药用:肉苁蓉30 g,淫羊藿30 g,枳壳30 g,牛膝20 g,白术20 g,山药20 g,郁李仁20 g,厚朴20 g,桑椹子20 g,肉桂15 g(饮片由辽宁中医药大学附属第三医院药局提供),原方生药量225 g。上述药物自来水浸泡40 min,武火煎煮至沸腾,后改文火,提取滤液两次后混匀,加热浓缩溶液至1.5 g/mL,储存于-20℃冰箱,用时预热至室温。服用方法:130 mL/次,2次/d,早晚口服。治疗2周。
(1)量表观察。记录符合纳入标准的每名患者治疗前后的排便频率、时间、大便性状等情况,及其腹部冷暖、面色白等全身症状。
采用便秘症状评分表参照便秘症状评分系统(Constipation Scoring System,CCS)[7],将排便频率每天1~2次定为0分,每周2次定为2分,每周1次定为4分,每周少于1次定为6分,每月少于1次定为8分;排便困难程度从不定为0分,很少定为2分,有时定为4分,通常定为6分,总是定为8分;排便有无不完全排空感评分同前;腹部疼痛评分同前;排便时间少于5 min定为0分,5~10 min定为2分,10~20 min定为4分,20~30 min定为6分,>30 min定为8分;协助排便类型没有定为0分,使用刺激性泻药定为2分,需手指协助或灌肠定为4分;每24 h排便不能成功的次数,无定为0分,1~3次定为2分,3~6次定为4分,6~9次定为6分,超过9次定为8分。总分为60分,最低0分,分值越高症状越重。
粪便性状评分表参照Bristol评分量表[8],将分散的硬块便,如坚果,排便费力定为1分;腊肠状成块便,表面凹凸不平定为2分;腊肠状,表面有裂隙定为3分;腊肠样或蛇状,表面平坦柔软定为4分;边缘规整的软团块定为5分;边缘不规整的碎片状,糊状便定为6分;水样便,没有固定成分,全是液体定为7分。
中医症状改善评分表参照《中药新药治疗便秘临床研究指导原则》[5]及《慢性便秘中医诊疗共识意见》[6](2011年),将腹部冷痛,喜暖、面色白、四肢不温、小便清长4个症状从无、偶尔、经常到持续依次计0、1、2、3分。各症状评分之和最高为12分,之和越大,表明脾肾阳虚的程度越严重。
(2)血清SP、VIP的含量变化。治疗前后各抽取患者空腹静脉血5 mL,4℃下3000 r/min离心10 min,分离血清,提取上层血浆至EP管中,置-80℃冰箱保存。备齐标本后,采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血清中SP、VIP的水平。
参照《中医病证诊断疗效标准》[9],根据治疗前后症状改变作为总体疗效评价依据拟定于下:(1)治愈:最少两天一排粪便,且排便通畅,短期未复发;(2)好转:最少三天一排便,且过程欠通畅。(3)未愈:症状、体征无明显改善。有效率(%)=[(治愈+好转)/例数]×100%。
采用SPSS 26.0统计软件对所有数据进行t、χ2及秩和检验;当P<0.05时差异有统计学意义;当P<0.01时差异有显著统计学意义。
见表2。两组患者治疗前便秘症状评分组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。治疗后两组患者便秘症状评分组内比较均下降,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。
见表3。两组患者治疗前粪便性状评分组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。治疗后两组患者粪便性状均有所改善,组内比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
见表4。两组患者治疗前中医症状评分组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。治疗组治疗前后组内中医症状评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组治疗前后组内中医症状评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
见表5。两组患者治疗前组间血清SP、VIP含量比较(均P>0.05),具有可比性。两组患者治疗后血清SP含量均较治疗前上升(P<0.05),血清VIP含量均照治疗前下降(P<0.05)。治疗后两组组间比较提示:治疗组血清SP含量上升优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组血清VIP含量下降优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
治疗两组结束后,治疗组治愈18例,好转9例,未愈3例;对照组治愈8例,好转14例,未愈8例,治疗组有效率90.0%,对照组有效率73.3%。经皮尔逊卡方检验,疗效差异比较具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且治疗组优于对照组。
健康的BALB/c小鼠18只,雄性,体质量(20±2)g,购于辽宁长生生物技术股份有限公司,许可证号:SCXK(辽)2020-0001。饲养于辽宁中医药大学实验动物中心SPF级动物实验室。
助阳通便汤:药物组成、来源及煎煮方法同前文。
复方地芬诺酯片:规格2.5 mg×24片,吉林万通药业集团郑州万通复升药业股份有限公司生产,产品批号:160403,国药准字H41025629。
首先将18只小鼠自然喂养5 d,使其适应实验环境,后将18只小鼠依据随机数字表法分为空白对照组(KB组)、模型组(MX组)、助阳通便汤组(ZY组)共3组,每组6只。于辽宁中医药大学实验中心饲养。18~22℃饲养温度,40%~60%相对湿度。实验期内所有小鼠均正常饲养,摄食及饮水自由。
除空白对照组外,其余各组小鼠均参照文献[10]方法和前期实验造模方法,采用复方地芬诺酯混悬液灌胃造模。具体操作方法:按照80 mg/kg制备复方地芬诺酯混悬液,按0.2 mL/10 g体质量灌胃,1次/d,连续14 d的方法复制小鼠便秘模型。复制便秘模型成功标准:(1)小鼠外观变化:瘦小、干瘪;(2)活动状态:少动蜷缩;(3)排泄物改变:尿黄,大便表面水分减少,便质干硬,粪便呈细小颗粒状,或呈球状[5]。
ZY组予助阳通便汤0.2 mL/10 g灌胃,KB组和MX组予生理盐水0.2 mL/10 g灌胃。1次/d灌胃,连续14 d。各组小鼠在给药期间均自由摄食与饮水,隔天称重1次,以变化调整用药量。
最后一次灌胃给药结束后,采用麻醉剂过量的方法将小鼠安乐死,迅速打开实验小鼠腹腔,将大肠分离,切取约15 mm远端的结肠段组织,在预先备好的小瓶中放入固定液,将组织装入其中固定。进行HE染色,按照试剂盒说明书进行免疫组化检测VIP含量。
(1)图像分析。切片染色后,选择染色良好区域,利用Leica Q550CW系统进行图像采集和分析,观察切片,对每只实验小鼠的取材部位选取3张切片进行观察。
(2)平均光密度值测定。对选取的3张切片进行观察,每张切片选取5个互不重叠视野在显微镜下(40×10)观察,测定平均光密度值,即在单位面积的阳性细胞表达,代表其表达情况,该蛋白在实验小鼠结肠组织中的表达结果是通过计算每只小鼠所选取的几组数据的均值来实现的。
采用SPSS 26.0软件包进行统计分析。实验结果采用均数±标准差()表示,组间比较采用方差分析。P<0.05被认为差异有统计学意义。
结果见插页ⅩⅥ图1-图2。免疫组化结果显示,所有切片中均可见多少不等的阳性表达的细胞,阳性细胞多呈圆形或椭圆形,胞质可见染成黄色或棕黄色的颗粒。与KB组相比,MX组阳性表达的细胞较少,分布稀疏,而ZY组小鼠结肠组织中阳性表达细胞分布相对较密集。
结果见表6。与KB组比较,MX组VIP平均光密度值明显减少,说明便秘模型小鼠结肠VIP阳性细胞数量减少;与MX组比较,ZY组VIP平均光密度值增高,说明助阳通便汤能显著增加便秘模型小鼠结肠VIP阳性细胞数量。
“便秘”这一病证同中医经典古籍文献论述中所记载的“大便坚”“大便硬”“大便难”“不更衣”“阴结”“谷气不行”“大便初硬后溏”及“脾约”等病证相当,病名所述即为症状表现,形象准确地描述了便秘的临床表现。便秘的病位归于六腑中的大肠,《素问·灵兰秘典论篇》曰:“大肠者,传导之官,变化出焉”,此外亦与脾、肺、肝、肾、胃等脏腑相关。病因乃大肠传导失司,临床辨证有肠道气滞证、脾虚气弱证、肠道实热证、阳虚肠燥证及脾肾阳虚证[11]。本研究基于临床跟师诊治中发现脾肾阳虚型便秘患者较多,乃体内阳气虚衰,气机运化不足,肠腑失于温煦,传导不利,迫使大便滞于肠内。选用全国名中医田振国教授经验方助阳通便汤,从脏腑辨证的切入点来说,脾肾阳虚型便秘主要与脾、肾、大肠三脏腑有关。脾,主升清、运化水谷精微,乃“后天之本”;肾,主水、主纳气、藏贮先天精微,乃“先天之本”。大肠,主津、传化糟粕,乃“传道之官”。脾脏运化水谷精微,依赖于肾脏中阳气之温煦;肾脏调节全身水液代谢藏贮精气,依赖于脾脏运化水谷精微之滋养。可见脾肾关系密切,肾阳不足伤及脾阳,脾阳匮乏有碍肾阳,可以从两个方面阐述脾肾阳虚导致便秘的病理机制:一方面,脾肾阳气虚衰,气机不足以运化,无力推动肠腑糟粕,日久便结,难以排出;另一方面命门火衰,阳虚则阴盛,阴寒内结,肠道温煦失司,蠕动缓慢,现秘结之象,所以导致便秘的渊源在于脾肾。故临床选助阳通便汤治疗脾肾阳虚型便秘,重视温肾健脾,以达润肠通便之效。
其方重在补阳通便,合用肉苁蓉、淫羊藿,入肾经,培补先天之本,益肾阳、温肠腑、通肠便;配引火归元、补命门火衰之肉桂,取“少火生气”之意,微生肾气。平补脾肺肾之山药益气养阴。白术益气健脾,入脾经,助脾之运化水谷之功效。厚朴主温中下气之效,枳壳则破气消积,加牛膝引药下行增强药效,补益阳气的同时配伍大量行气药,益气以增强肠腑蠕动。全方中唯一滋阴药桑椹,效在滋阴补血,生津润燥,于补阳中滋阴以达阴阳平衡。郁李仁入大肠、小肠经,“专治大肠气滞”,达润肠、通便、缓下之功。
现代药理学研究表明肉苁蓉除具有通便润燥和温补肾阳作用外[12],还有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗炎、抗疲劳等作用[13]。淫羊藿可补肾助阳主要依赖其成分淫羊藿苷,通过调节类固醇激素受体活性,或诱导下丘脑促性腺激素,促进性腺激素释放或表现出性腺激素样作用等途径实现[14]。肉桂及其主要成分通过增强消化功能,排除消化道积气而缓和调节胃肠,另有抗菌、抗炎、扩血管、抗凝、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗醛糖还原酶等多种药理作用[15-16]。山药成分山药多糖具有扶植如双歧杆菌等有益菌群增殖,抑制致病菌群繁殖,提高有益菌群丰度,菌群多样性上升,改善肠道菌群环境,增强肠道防御屏障,利于治疗菌群失调[17],山药中的多种酶也利于促进脾胃消化吸收[18]。白术对胃肠道平滑肌产生兴奋和抑制的双向调节,大剂量时加速胃排空及增强小肠推动功能,小剂量则作用相反[19]。其中作为白术健脾的有效成分之一的白术内酯Ⅰ,首要作用即是胃肠道消化吸收功能进行调节,修复胃肠道黏膜损伤,恢复正常的肠道功能[20]。生白术提取物可缩短肠道传输时间、促进排便量、软化粪便[21]。白术多糖具有改善调整紊乱的肠道菌群的作用[22]。厚朴可双向调节胃肠道,调查显示厚朴既加强胃底平滑肌运动,又可松弛十二指肠平滑肌,共同作用使胃肠道的节律性收缩得以加强,从而有效缩短了胃排空时间以及增加胃肠蠕动的强度,使便秘症状得到改善[23]。此外,一项动物实验中厚朴可提高小鼠的小肠推进率,改善大鼠的胃动力障碍,显示出厚朴具有调节消化系统、促进排便的功能[24]。桑椹提取物中黄酮及花青素粉可促进肠推进,提升润肠通便活性及其所含水溶性纤维素发挥协同作用,可进一步增强润肠通便效力[25]。郁李仁中的黄酮类与脂肪酸类起润燥滑肠作用,再加上丰富油脂类成分的润滑使其润肠通便的效果更佳[26]。
功能性便秘可能由胃肠的神经系统调节异常、兴奋性神经递质及抑制性神经递质表达水平的异常、传递肠神经元双重神经信号的Cajal间质细胞含量异常、结直肠平滑肌运动或形态异常、焦虑和抑郁的精神心理问题异常、机体内激素表达情况异常以及肠道菌群数量及分布失调等诸多因素引起,目前仍不准确[27]。胃肠激素乃调节胃肠道功能的重要激素之一,有兴奋型和抑制型[28],均对功能性便秘的发病机制有着至关重要的作用。其中SP作用于外周T细胞上的胃肠道受体,发挥兴奋性作用,在功能上除刺激胃肠壁内神经元发生去极化作用,还能对胃肠道环行肌及纵行肌起到双重调节作用,促进肠蠕动,加速肠内容物排出[29]。当血SP含量处于低水平时,会抑制肠道蠕动,胃肠道吸收水分的能力提升,粪便中含水量降低,粪便干涩难行、潴留时间延长,从而导致便秘[30]。本次临床试验显示,助阳通便汤能提高功能性便秘(脾肾阳虚证)患者的血清SP含量,且对便秘患者的临床症状及中医证候有较好地改善作用。VIP既是非肾上腺能非胆碱能神经(Non-adrenergic Non-cholinergic,NANC)抑制系统的神经递质之一,也是肠神经系统中抑制性神经递质之一,分布在胃肠道黏膜以及壁神经丛内,主要参与松弛肠平滑肌及血管平滑肌、抑制胃肠道平滑肌及括约肌,对肠蠕动进行调节,同时增强胃肠黏膜的腺体分泌。若其水平增高,则可抑制胃肠平滑肌收缩,减少胃肠黏膜的分泌活动,从而减弱肠蠕动,最终导致慢性便秘[31]。本次临床试验显示,助阳通便汤能降低功能性便秘(脾肾阳虚证)患者的血清VIP含量,且对便秘患者的临床症状及中医证候有较好地改善作用。
但也有研究[32]指出VIP水平降低可能会阻碍远端肠管松弛,使协调的抑制性反射减弱或消失,而出现过度的非推进性运动,甚至痉挛,而对结肠内容物有效的推进运动减弱,进而导致便秘的发生。这与本次的实验研究中观察的结果是一致的:便秘模型组小鼠远端结肠组织的VIP平均光密度值明显减少,助阳通便汤治疗组小鼠远端结肠组织中VIP平均光密度值增高,助阳通便汤能显著增加便秘模型小鼠远端结肠组织VIP阳性细胞数量。结肠运动具有复杂性,结肠内容物可刺激肠道黏膜,引起上行性兴奋,而下行性抑制形成蠕动运动,即结肠移动波向下传播时,需在远端肠管松弛的配合下,肠内容物才会向下推移[33]。还有文献[34]表明,VIP于消化系统中发挥舒张胃肠道平滑肌的作用,其含量升高可使胃肠道紧张度下降,导致便秘;然由于胃肠动力增强后的负反馈机制,其含量的升高还能促使肠黏膜分泌增加,缓解便秘症状。可见,结肠组织中的VIP通过对肠蠕动及肠黏膜的分泌功能产生影响,进而调控排便。
本次临床观察结果表明,助阳通便汤对功能性便秘(脾肾阳虚证)患者的临床症状及中医证候有较好地改善,并对患者血清SP、VIP含量具有干预作用。动物实验揭示助阳通便汤通过升高便秘模型小鼠远端结肠组织VIP含量是其治疗功能性便秘的作用机制之一。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(82174370)
  • 国家中医药管理局青年岐黄学者培养项目(国中医药办人教函〔2022〕256号)
  • 辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2020-MS-229)
  • 辽宁省中医药(临床)优秀人才项目(辽卫办发〔2021〕29号)
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.012
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-04-10
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基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(82174370)
国家中医药管理局青年岐黄学者培养项目(国中医药办人教函〔2022〕256号)
辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2020-MS-229)
辽宁省中医药(临床)优秀人才项目(辽卫办发〔2021〕29号)
作者信息
    1.辽宁中医药大学附属第三医院,辽宁 沈阳 110003
    2.辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847

通讯作者:

隋楠(1978-),女,辽宁大连人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士,博士后,研究方向:中西医结合治疗肛肠疾病的临床与科研。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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