Article(id=1322923681504178452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923490592043032, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.028, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339184403, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339184403, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339184403, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339184403, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322923490592043032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1746806400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339138887, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340572227, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929502539612595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923490592043032, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929502539612596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923490592043032, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=144, endPage=158, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322923681722282261, articleId=1322923681504178452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Ijinskaja]and Predictive Analysis of Its Quality Markers, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Ijinskaja]is a plant of the genus Cyclocarya of the Juglandaceae family,and it is a rare and precious species found only in China. Its roots,branches and leaves all have medicinal value and are known to have insect-killing,itch-stopping,anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties. Its chemical composition mainly includes polysaccharides,flavonoids,triterpenoids,phenolic acids and so on. It has a variety of pharmacological effects such as hypoglycemia,hypotension,hypolipidemia,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective. By summarizing the research progress of chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Ijinskaja]and combining with the theory of quality marker(Q-Marker),the Q-Marker of Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Ijinskaja]was predicted and analyzed from various perspectives,such as chemical composition uniqueness,traditional medicinal efficacy,chemical composition measurability,blood-entry components and network pharmacological evaluation. The results revealed that polysaccharides,flavonoids and triterpenoids can be used as potential species of Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Ijinskaja]quality markers. It was initially hypothesized that dammarane-type triterpenoids(such as cyclocarioside A,cyclocarioside I and cyclocarioside Z5-Z8),isoquercitrin,quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide,kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide,luteolin,apigenin,arjunolic acid,cyclocaric acid B,p-coumaric acid,4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid,chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid can be used as the Q-Marker of Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Ijinskaja]. The results provided a reference for the establishment of a systematic quality evaluation system of Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Ijinskaja]and a guiding role in ensuring the quality of Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Ijinskaja],and further promoted the rational development and application of Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Ijinskaja].

, authors=Chunmei NIE1, 2, Jing XIAO3, Ziyang YI1, Chenlin XIAO2, Lin CHEN1, 2, Ping CAI1, 2, authorsList=Chunmei NIE, Jing XIAO, Ziyang YI, Chenlin XIAO, Lin CHEN, Ping CAI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chenlin XIAO, Lin CHEN, Ping CAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322923684578603296, articleId=1322923681504178452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=青钱柳化学成分和药理作用研究进展及其质量标志物预测分析, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

青钱柳Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Iljinsk.是胡桃科青钱柳属植物,也是我国特有的珍稀植物,其根、枝、叶均具有药用价值,并具有杀虫止痒、消炎止痛祛风的功效。青钱柳中的化学成分主要包括多糖类、黄酮类、三萜类及酚酸类等,具有降血糖、降血压、降血脂、抗氧化、抗炎和保肝等多种药理作用。通过总结青钱柳的化学成分和药理作用研究进展,结合中药质量标志物(quality marker,Q-Marker)理论,从化学成分特有性、传统药效、化学成分可测性、入血成分和网络药理学评价等多个角度对青钱柳的Q-Marker进行预测分析。预测结果显示青钱柳多糖、黄酮类和三萜类可作为青钱柳Q-Marker的潜在物质种类。初步推测达玛烷型三萜类化合物(如甜茶树苷A、青钱柳苷I和青钱柳皂苷Z5~Z8等)、异槲皮苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素、芹菜素、阿江榄仁酸、青钱柳酸B、对香豆酸、4,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、绿原酸和迷迭香酸等成分可作为青钱柳Q-Marker。为建立系统的青钱柳药材质量评价体系提供参考,同时对确保青钱柳药材的质量具有指导作用,进一步推动青钱柳的合理开发应用。

, authors=聂春梅1, 2, 肖箐3, 易子漾1, 肖陈林2, 陈林1, 2, 蔡萍1, 2, authorsList=聂春梅, 肖箐, 易子漾, 肖陈林, 陈林, 蔡萍, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=肖陈林, 陈林, 蔡萍, authorNote=

聂春梅(1997-),女,湖南沅陵人,硕士在读,研究方向:中药复方质量控制。

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蔡萍(1975-),女,湖南益阳人,研究员,硕士研究生导师,学士,研究方向:中药制剂、质量标准分析。E-mail:。
陈林(1985-),女,安徽芜湖人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向:中药质量控制与中药新药研发。E-mail:。
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聂春梅(1997-),女,湖南沅陵人,硕士在读,研究方向:中药复方质量控制。

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聂春梅(1997-),女,湖南沅陵人,硕士在读,研究方向:中药复方质量控制。

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Cyclocarya paliurus leaves tea improves dyslipidemia in diabetic mice:a lipidomicsbased network pharmacology study[J]. 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The mechanism of flavonoids from Cyclocarya paliurus on inhibiting liver cancer based on in vitro experiments and network pharmacology[J]. Front Pharmacol,2023,14:1049953., articleTitle=The mechanism of flavonoids from Cyclocarya paliurus on inhibiting liver cancer based on in vitro experiments and network pharmacology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322923703352308169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923681504178452, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=10, issue=61, pageStart=37168, pageEnd=37181, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[97], rfOrder=96, authorNames=LIN Z X, TONG Y P, LI N, journalName=RSC Adv, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIN Z X,TONG Y P,LI N,et al. Network pharmacology-based study of the mechanisms of action of anti-diabetic triterpenoids from Cyclocarya paliurus[J]. 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编号名称单糖组成(物质的量比)相对分子质量参考文献
1CPP-1D-木糖、L-阿拉伯糖、D-葡萄糖、D-半乳糖、L-鼠李糖和D-甘露糖(1.00∶9.67∶9.65∶4.96∶3.29∶2.70)1.167×106[13]
2CPP葡萄糖-鼠李糖-阿拉伯糖-木糖-甘露糖-半乳糖(32.7%∶9.33%∶30.6%∶3.48%∶10.4%∶13.5%)9.00×105[14]
3CPP鼠李糖-阿拉伯糖-木糖-甘露糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖(1.00∶2.23∶0.64∶0.49∶0.63∶4.16)1.35×105、9.34×103[15]
4CP阿拉伯糖-半乳糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖醛酸(1.0∶4.6∶3.5∶4.5)1.36×106[16]
5UCP阿拉伯糖-半乳糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖醛酸(1.0∶5.9∶3.9∶4.4)1.34×106[16]
6CP-50半乳糖醛酸-葡萄糖-半乳糖-阿拉伯糖-甘露糖-木糖-鼠李糖-葡萄糖醛酸(29.1∶25.6∶16.5∶9.3∶6.7∶6.1∶4.1∶2.6)5.90×104[17]
7CPP-2鼠李糖-甘露糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖(1.00∶0.78∶3.22∶0.45)3.07×105、3.7×103[18]
8CPP-3鼠李糖-阿拉伯糖-木糖-甘露糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖(0.060∶0.109∶0.053∶0.128∶0.293∶0.357)5.69×104、4.94×103[5]
9CP-Ⅲ半乳糖-阿拉伯糖-半乳糖醛酸-鼠李糖-葡萄糖-木糖-甘露糖(31.1∶27.5∶22.0∶6.7∶5.8∶3.8∶3.1)7.27×104[19]
10CPP鼠李糖-阿拉伯糖-木糖-甘露糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖(0.021∶0.237∶0.020∶0.036∶0.454∶0.231)1.15×105[20]
11CPP-D甘露糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖(0.235∶0.677∶0.088)9.1×103[20]
12P-CP阿拉伯糖-鼠李糖-半乳糖-葡萄糖-木糖-甘露糖-半乳糖醛酸-葡萄糖醛酸(1.00∶0.11∶1.96∶2.41∶0.27∶0.36∶1.22∶0.14)1.39×105~1.55×105[7]
13S-CPP半乳糖-阿拉伯糖-葡萄糖-鼠李糖-岩藻糖-木糖-甘露糖(0.351∶0.332∶0.241∶0.027∶0.007∶0.025∶0.017)52.625×103、12.230×103[9]
14CM-CP1阿拉伯糖-鼠李糖-半乳糖-葡萄糖-木糖-甘露糖-半乳糖醛酸-葡萄糖醛酸(1.00∶0.12∶3.37∶2.6∶0.16∶0.3∶2.77∶0.28)1.03×106[10]
15CM-CP2阿拉伯糖-鼠李糖-半乳糖-葡萄糖-木糖-甘露糖-半乳糖醛酸-葡萄糖醛酸(1.00∶0.18∶3.48∶1.15∶0.28∶0.51∶7.24∶0.45)1.05×106[10]
16CM-CP3阿拉伯糖-鼠李糖-半乳糖-葡萄糖-木糖-甘露糖-半乳糖醛酸-葡萄糖醛酸(1.00∶0.24∶2.24∶2.65∶0.22∶0.47∶6.82∶0.34)1.08×106[10]
17Ac-CPP0.1阿拉伯糖-半乳糖(0.529∶0.450)3.07×104[11]
18Ac-CP1阿拉伯糖-半乳糖-葡萄糖-鼠李糖-甘露糖-半乳糖醛酸-葡萄糖醛酸(1.00∶1.67∶1.07∶0.15∶0.34∶1.58∶0.16)1.05×106[12]
19Ac-CP2阿拉伯糖-半乳糖-葡萄糖-鼠李糖-甘露糖-半乳糖醛酸-葡萄糖醛酸(1.00∶1.68∶0.93∶0.18∶0.39∶1.96∶0.19)1.08×106[12]
20Ac-CP3阿拉伯糖-半乳糖-葡萄糖-鼠李糖-甘露糖-半乳糖醛酸-葡萄糖醛酸(1.00∶1.91∶0.63∶0.14∶0.36∶2.08∶0.22)1.09×106[12]
), ArticleFig(id=1322923689947312478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923681504178452, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

青钱柳多糖的单糖组成及相对分子质量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号名称单糖组成(物质的量比)相对分子质量参考文献
1CPP-1D-木糖、L-阿拉伯糖、D-葡萄糖、D-半乳糖、L-鼠李糖和D-甘露糖(1.00∶9.67∶9.65∶4.96∶3.29∶2.70)1.167×106[13]
2CPP葡萄糖-鼠李糖-阿拉伯糖-木糖-甘露糖-半乳糖(32.7%∶9.33%∶30.6%∶3.48%∶10.4%∶13.5%)9.00×105[14]
3CPP鼠李糖-阿拉伯糖-木糖-甘露糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖(1.00∶2.23∶0.64∶0.49∶0.63∶4.16)1.35×105、9.34×103[15]
4CP阿拉伯糖-半乳糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖醛酸(1.0∶4.6∶3.5∶4.5)1.36×106[16]
5UCP阿拉伯糖-半乳糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖醛酸(1.0∶5.9∶3.9∶4.4)1.34×106[16]
6CP-50半乳糖醛酸-葡萄糖-半乳糖-阿拉伯糖-甘露糖-木糖-鼠李糖-葡萄糖醛酸(29.1∶25.6∶16.5∶9.3∶6.7∶6.1∶4.1∶2.6)5.90×104[17]
7CPP-2鼠李糖-甘露糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖(1.00∶0.78∶3.22∶0.45)3.07×105、3.7×103[18]
8CPP-3鼠李糖-阿拉伯糖-木糖-甘露糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖(0.060∶0.109∶0.053∶0.128∶0.293∶0.357)5.69×104、4.94×103[5]
9CP-Ⅲ半乳糖-阿拉伯糖-半乳糖醛酸-鼠李糖-葡萄糖-木糖-甘露糖(31.1∶27.5∶22.0∶6.7∶5.8∶3.8∶3.1)7.27×104[19]
10CPP鼠李糖-阿拉伯糖-木糖-甘露糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖(0.021∶0.237∶0.020∶0.036∶0.454∶0.231)1.15×105[20]
11CPP-D甘露糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖(0.235∶0.677∶0.088)9.1×103[20]
12P-CP阿拉伯糖-鼠李糖-半乳糖-葡萄糖-木糖-甘露糖-半乳糖醛酸-葡萄糖醛酸(1.00∶0.11∶1.96∶2.41∶0.27∶0.36∶1.22∶0.14)1.39×105~1.55×105[7]
13S-CPP半乳糖-阿拉伯糖-葡萄糖-鼠李糖-岩藻糖-木糖-甘露糖(0.351∶0.332∶0.241∶0.027∶0.007∶0.025∶0.017)52.625×103、12.230×103[9]
14CM-CP1阿拉伯糖-鼠李糖-半乳糖-葡萄糖-木糖-甘露糖-半乳糖醛酸-葡萄糖醛酸(1.00∶0.12∶3.37∶2.6∶0.16∶0.3∶2.77∶0.28)1.03×106[10]
15CM-CP2阿拉伯糖-鼠李糖-半乳糖-葡萄糖-木糖-甘露糖-半乳糖醛酸-葡萄糖醛酸(1.00∶0.18∶3.48∶1.15∶0.28∶0.51∶7.24∶0.45)1.05×106[10]
16CM-CP3阿拉伯糖-鼠李糖-半乳糖-葡萄糖-木糖-甘露糖-半乳糖醛酸-葡萄糖醛酸(1.00∶0.24∶2.24∶2.65∶0.22∶0.47∶6.82∶0.34)1.08×106[10]
17Ac-CPP0.1阿拉伯糖-半乳糖(0.529∶0.450)3.07×104[11]
18Ac-CP1阿拉伯糖-半乳糖-葡萄糖-鼠李糖-甘露糖-半乳糖醛酸-葡萄糖醛酸(1.00∶1.67∶1.07∶0.15∶0.34∶1.58∶0.16)1.05×106[12]
19Ac-CP2阿拉伯糖-半乳糖-葡萄糖-鼠李糖-甘露糖-半乳糖醛酸-葡萄糖醛酸(1.00∶1.68∶0.93∶0.18∶0.39∶1.96∶0.19)1.08×106[12]
20Ac-CP3阿拉伯糖-半乳糖-葡萄糖-鼠李糖-甘露糖-半乳糖醛酸-葡萄糖醛酸(1.00∶1.91∶0.63∶0.14∶0.36∶2.08∶0.22)1.09×106[12]
), ArticleFig(id=1322923690014421343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923681504178452, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物参考文献
21槲皮素(quercetin)[21]
22山柰酚(kaempferol)[21]
23槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide)[21]
24山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide)[21]
25山柰酚-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside)[21]
26槲皮素-3-O-半乳糖苷(quercetin-3-O-galactoside)[22]
27异槲皮苷(isoquercitrin)[22]
28山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷(kaempferol-3-O-glucoside)[22]
29槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷(quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside)[22]
30山柰酚-3-O-鼠李糖苷(kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside)[22]
31山柰酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside)[23]
32淫羊藿次苷D(icarisid D)[24]
33淫羊藿次苷E(icarisid E)[24]
34淫羊藿次苷F(icarisid F)[24]
35淫羊藿次苷G(icarisid G)[24]
36淫羊藿次苷H(icarisid H)[24]
37淫羊藿次苷I(icarisid I)[24]
38淫羊藿次苷J(icarisid J)[24]
39淫羊藿次苷K(icarisid K)[24]
40淫羊藿次苷B(icarisid B)[24]
418-(3,3-二甲基烯丙基)-5,7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基黄酮-3-O-2-羧基-6,5-二去氧-β-D-赤式呋喃戊糖-(1-2)-ɑ-L-鼠李糖基-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷{8-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavonol-3-[O-2-C-carboxy-3,5-dideoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl-(1-2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside]-7-(β-D-glucopyranoside})[24]
42朝藿定A(epimedin A)[24]
43朝藿定B(epimedin B)[24]
44朝藿定C(epimedin C)[24]
45淫羊藿次苷L(icarisid L)[25]
46淫羊藿次苷M(icarisid M)[25]
47淫羊藿次苷N(icarisid N)[25]
48淫羊藿次苷O(icarisid O)[25]
49双藿苷B(diphylloside B)[25]
50淫羊藿苷E(epimedoside E)[25]
51山柰酚-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside)[26]
52山柰酚-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)[26]
53山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)[26]
54山柰酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(kaempferol-3-O-α-L-arapyranoside)[26]
55槲皮素-3-O-α-D-吡喃葡萄醛酸苷(quercetin-3-O-α-D-glucuronide)[27]
56杨梅素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄醛酸苷(myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide)[27]
577-羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄酮(7-hydroxyl-4′-methoxy isoflavone)[28]
584′-methoxyisoflavone-7-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside[28]
59杨梅素(myricetin)[28]
60quercetin-3-O-(4″-methoxy)-α-L-rahmnopyranosyl[29]
61金丝桃苷(hyperin)[29]
62山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸丁酯[29]
63淫羊藿次苷E4(icariside E4)[29]
64芹菜素(apigenin)[30]
65异泽兰黄素(eupatilin)[30]
663,7,8,3′-四羟基-4′-甲氧基黄酮(3,7,8,3′-tetrahydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone)[30]
673,5-二羟基-7-甲氧基-3′-4′-二氧甲叉基黄酮(3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3′,4′-methylenedioxyflavone)[30]
68柚皮素(naringenin)[31]
69山柰酚-3-O-(3-O-乙酰基-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷)[31]
70木犀草素(luteolin)[31]
71阿福豆苷(afzelin)[31]
72山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸钠盐(kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronate sodium)[32]
73槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸钠盐(quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronate sodium)[32]
74杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸钠盐(myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronate sodium)[32]
), ArticleFig(id=1322923690094113120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923681504178452, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

青钱柳中的黄酮类化合物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物参考文献
21槲皮素(quercetin)[21]
22山柰酚(kaempferol)[21]
23槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide)[21]
24山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide)[21]
25山柰酚-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside)[21]
26槲皮素-3-O-半乳糖苷(quercetin-3-O-galactoside)[22]
27异槲皮苷(isoquercitrin)[22]
28山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷(kaempferol-3-O-glucoside)[22]
29槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷(quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside)[22]
30山柰酚-3-O-鼠李糖苷(kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside)[22]
31山柰酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside)[23]
32淫羊藿次苷D(icarisid D)[24]
33淫羊藿次苷E(icarisid E)[24]
34淫羊藿次苷F(icarisid F)[24]
35淫羊藿次苷G(icarisid G)[24]
36淫羊藿次苷H(icarisid H)[24]
37淫羊藿次苷I(icarisid I)[24]
38淫羊藿次苷J(icarisid J)[24]
39淫羊藿次苷K(icarisid K)[24]
40淫羊藿次苷B(icarisid B)[24]
418-(3,3-二甲基烯丙基)-5,7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基黄酮-3-O-2-羧基-6,5-二去氧-β-D-赤式呋喃戊糖-(1-2)-ɑ-L-鼠李糖基-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷{8-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavonol-3-[O-2-C-carboxy-3,5-dideoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl-(1-2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside]-7-(β-D-glucopyranoside})[24]
42朝藿定A(epimedin A)[24]
43朝藿定B(epimedin B)[24]
44朝藿定C(epimedin C)[24]
45淫羊藿次苷L(icarisid L)[25]
46淫羊藿次苷M(icarisid M)[25]
47淫羊藿次苷N(icarisid N)[25]
48淫羊藿次苷O(icarisid O)[25]
49双藿苷B(diphylloside B)[25]
50淫羊藿苷E(epimedoside E)[25]
51山柰酚-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside)[26]
52山柰酚-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)[26]
53山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)[26]
54山柰酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(kaempferol-3-O-α-L-arapyranoside)[26]
55槲皮素-3-O-α-D-吡喃葡萄醛酸苷(quercetin-3-O-α-D-glucuronide)[27]
56杨梅素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄醛酸苷(myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide)[27]
577-羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄酮(7-hydroxyl-4′-methoxy isoflavone)[28]
584′-methoxyisoflavone-7-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside[28]
59杨梅素(myricetin)[28]
60quercetin-3-O-(4″-methoxy)-α-L-rahmnopyranosyl[29]
61金丝桃苷(hyperin)[29]
62山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸丁酯[29]
63淫羊藿次苷E4(icariside E4)[29]
64芹菜素(apigenin)[30]
65异泽兰黄素(eupatilin)[30]
663,7,8,3′-四羟基-4′-甲氧基黄酮(3,7,8,3′-tetrahydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone)[30]
673,5-二羟基-7-甲氧基-3′-4′-二氧甲叉基黄酮(3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3′,4′-methylenedioxyflavone)[30]
68柚皮素(naringenin)[31]
69山柰酚-3-O-(3-O-乙酰基-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷)[31]
70木犀草素(luteolin)[31]
71阿福豆苷(afzelin)[31]
72山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸钠盐(kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronate sodium)[32]
73槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸钠盐(quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronate sodium)[32]
74杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸钠盐(myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronate sodium)[32]
), ArticleFig(id=1322923690169610593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923681504178452, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物参考文献
75青钱柳苷K(cyclocarioside K)[26]
76青钱柳苷Ⅱ(cyclocarioside Ⅱ)[26]
77青钱柳苷Ⅲ(cyclocarioside Ⅲ)[26]
78齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid)[26]
79熊果酸(ursolic acid)[26]
80甜茶素A(pterocaryoside A)[33]
81甜茶素B(pterocaryoside B)[33]
82甜茶树苷A(cyclocarioside A)[34]
83青钱柳苷Ⅰ(cyclocarioside I)[35]
84青钱柳酸A(cyclocaric acid A)[36]
85青钱柳酸B(cyclocaric acid B)[37]
862α-羟基乌苏酸(2α-hydroxyursolic acid)[37]
87阿江榄仁酸(arjunolic acid)[37]
88青钱柳醇A(cyclocariol A)[38]
89青钱柳醇B(cyclocariol B)[38]
90青钱柳醇C(cyclocariol C)[38]
91青钱柳醇D(cyclocariol D)[38]
92青钱柳醇E(cyclocariol E)[38]
93青钱柳醇F(cyclocariol F)[38]
94青钱柳醇G(cyclocariol G)[38]
95青钱柳醇H(cyclocariol H)[38]
96青钱柳苷B(cyclocaroside B)[39]
97青钱柳苷C(cyclocarioside C)[39]
98青钱柳苷D(cyclocarioside D)[40]
99青钱柳苷E(cyclocarioside E)[40]
100青钱柳苷F(cyclocarioside F)[40]
101青钱柳苷G(cyclocarioside G)[40]
102青钱柳苷H(cyclocarioside H)[40]
103青钱柳素A(cyclocarin A)[40]
104青钱柳苷O(cyclocarioside O)[41]
105青钱柳苷P(cyclocarioside P)[41]
106青钱柳苷Q(cyclocarioside Q)[41]
107青钱柳苷Z1(cyclocarioside Z1)[42]
108青钱柳苷Z2(cyclocarioside Z2)[42]
109青钱柳苷Z3(cyclocarioside Z3)[42]
110青钱柳苷Z4(cyclocarioside Z4)[42]
111青钱柳苷Z5(cyclocarioside Z5)[42]
112青钱柳苷Z6(cyclocarioside Z6)[42]
113青钱柳苷Z7(cyclocarioside Z7)[42]
114青钱柳苷Z8(cyclocarioside Z8)[42]
115青钱柳苷R(cyclocarioside R)[43]
116青钱柳苷S(cyclocarioside S)[43]
117青钱柳苷T(cyclocarioside T)[43]
118青钱柳苷U(cyclocarioside U)[43]
119青钱柳苷V(cyclocarioside V)[43]
120青钱柳苷W(cyclocarioside W)[43]
121青钱柳苷X(cyclocarioside X)[43]
122青钱柳苷Y(cyclocarioside Y)[43]
123青钱柳苷Z1(cyclocarioside Z1)[43]
124青钱柳苷Z2(cyclocarioside Z2)[43]
125青钱柳苷Z3(cyclocarioside Z3)[43]
126齐墩果酸辛酯(octyl oleanolate)[43]
127青钱柳苷Z9(cyclocarioside Z9)[44]
128青钱柳苷Z10(cyclocarioside Z10)[44]
129青钱柳苷Z11(cyclocarioside Z11)[44]
130青钱苷A(cypaliuruside A)[45]
131青钱苷B(cypaliuruside B)[45]
132青钱苷C(cypaliuruside C)[45]
133青钱苷D(cypaliuruside D)[45]
134青钱苷E(cypaliuruside E)[45]
135青钱苷F(cypaliuruside F)[45]
136青钱苷G(cypaliuruside G)[45]
137青钱苷H(cypaliuruside H)[45]
138青钱苷I(cypaliuruside I)[45]
139青钱苷J(cypaliuruside J)[45]
140青钱苷K(cypaliuruside K)[45]
141青钱苷L(cypaliuruside L)[45]
142青钱苷M(cypaliuruside M)[45]
143(20S,24R)-20,24-epoxy-25-hydroxy-12β-(α-L-arabinopyranosyloxy)-3,4-seco-dammara-4(28)-en-3-oic acid[46]
144(20S,24R)-20,24-epoxy-25-hydroxy-12β-(α-L-arabinopyranosyloxy)-3,4-seco-dammara-4(28)-en-3-oic acid methyl ester[46]
145(20S,24R)-20,24-epoxy-25-hydroxy-12β-(β-D-quinovopyranosyloxy)-3,4-seco-dammara-4(28)-en-3-oic acid methyl ester[46]
1461-酮-3β,19α,23-三羟基-12-烯-28-齐墩果酸(3β,19α,23-trihydroxy-1-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic-acid)[46]
1471α,3β-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid[46]
148石榴萜酮(punicaone)[46]
149olean-12-en-1β,3β,28-triol[46]
150青钱柳苷Z9(cyclocarioside Z9)[47]
151青钱柳苷Z10(cyclocariosideZ10)[47]
152青钱柳苷Z11(cyclocarioside Z11)[47]
153青钱柳苷Z12(cyclocarioside Z12)[47]
154青钱柳苷Z13(cyclocarioside Z13)[47]
155青钱柳苷Z14(cyclocarioside Z14)[47]
156青钱柳苷Z15(cyclocarioside Z15)[47]
157青钱柳苷Z16(cyclocarioside Z16)[47]
158青钱柳苷Z17(cyclocarioside Z17)[47]
159青钱柳苷Z18(cyclocarioside Z18)[47]
160青钱柳苷Z19(cyclocarioside Z19)[47]
161青钱柳苷L(cyclocarioside L)[48]
162青钱柳苷M(cyclocarioside M)[48]
163青钱柳苷N(cyclocarioside N)[48]
1643β,23-dihydroxy-1,12-dioxo-olean-28-oic acid[48]
1653β,23,27-trihydroxy-1-oxo-olean-12-ene-28-oic acid[48]
166常春藤苷(hederagenin)[48]
1672α-hydroxyursolic acid[48]
1683β,23-dihydroxy-12-ene-28-ursolic acid[48]
1692α,3β,23-trihydroxy-12-ene-28-ursolic acid[48]
1702α,3α,23-trihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oic acid[48]
1712α,3β,23-trihydroxyoleana-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic-acid[48]
1722α,3α,23-trihydroxyurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oic acid[48]
173猕猴桃酸(actinidic acid)[48]
1742α,3β,23-trihydroxyurs-11-oxo-12-ene-28-oic acid[48]
175(24R)-3β-[(4-O-acetyl-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-25-hydroxy-20,24-epoxydammaran-12β-yl-6-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside[49]
1762α,3β,23-trihydroxylurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oic acid-β-D-glucopyranoside[49]
17723-trans-p-counmaroyloxy-2α,3β-dihydroxyplen-12-en-28-acid[49]
178猕猴桃次酸(actinidia acid)[49]
179积雪草苷Ⅱ(chebuloside Ⅱ)[49]
180青钱柳素A(cyclopalitin A)[50]
181青钱柳素B(cyclopalitin B)[50]
182乌苏酸(ursolic acid)[51]
183表卡通酸(epikatonic acid)[51]
184青钱柳苷J(cyclocarioside J)[52]
1852α,3β,23-三羟基-齐墩果烷-12-烯-28-酸-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷(arjunglucosideⅡ)[52]
1862α,3β,23-三羟基-乌苏烷-12-烯-28-酸-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷(quadranosideⅣ)[52]
187(23E)-(12R,20S)-12,20-dihydroxy-3,4-secodammara-4(28),23,25-trien-3-oic acid-12-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside[53]
188(12R,20S,24S)-20,24-dihydroxy-3,4-secodammara-2(28),25-dien-3-oic acid-12-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside[53]
189(20S,24R)-(3α,12β)-20,24-epoxydammara-25-ol-12-O-β-D-quinovopyranosyl-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside[53]
1901β,2α,3β,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-ursolic acid[54]
1912α,3α,6β,19α,23-pentahydroxyurs-12-en-28-ursolic acid[54]
1922α,3α,20β,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-ursolic acid[54]
1931β,2α,3β,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-ursolic acid[54]
1942α,3α,23-trihydroxy-12,20(30)-dien-28-ursolic-acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside[54]
1951-oxo-3β,23-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-xylopyranoside[54]
1962α,3α,23-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside[54]
19719α-羟基积雪草酸(19α-hydroxyasiatic acid)[54]
198白桦脂酸(betulinic acid)[55]
1993β,16β-二羟基-20(29)-烯-羽扇豆醇[lup-20(29)-ene-3β,16β-diol][55]
200羽扇豆醇(lupeol)[55]
201白桦脂醇(betulin)[55]
2022α,3β-二羟基羽扇豆醇(2α,3β-dihydroxyllupeol)[55]
203麦珠子酸(alphitolic acid)[55]
204β-香树脂醇(β-amyrin)[55]
2053β-羟基-11-酮-12-烯-齐墩果酸(3β-hydroxy-ll-oxooleana-12-en-28-oic acid)[55]
2062α,3β-二羟基-12-烯-齐墩果酸(olean-12-en-2α,3β-diol)[55]
2072α,3β,23-三羟基-12-烯-齐墩果酸(2α,3β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-ene)[55]
2083β,23-二羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸(3β,23-dihydroxy-12-ene-28-ursolic acid)[55]
209α-乳香酸(α-boswellic acid)[56]
210β-香树脂酮(β-amyrone)[56]
2113β-O-反式-咖啡酸-摩尔酸(3β-O-trans-caffeoyl-morolicacid)[56]
212科罗索酸(corosolic acid)[57]
213马斯里酸(maslinic acid)[57]
214青钱柳苷Z12(cyclocarioside Z12)[58]
215青钱柳苷Z13(cyclocarioside Z13)[58]
2161α,2α,3β,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic-acid[59]
2172α,3β,22α-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside[59]
218青钱苷N(cypaliuruside N)[59]
219青钱苷O(cypaliuruside O)[59]
220青钱苷P(cypaliuruside P)[59]
221青钱苷Q(cypaliuruside Q)[59]
222青钱苷R(cypaliuruside R)[59]
223青钱苷S(cypaliuruside S)[60]
224青钱苷T(cypaliuruside T)[60]
225青钱苷U(cypaliuruside U)[60]
226青钱苷V(cypaliuruside V)[60]
227积雪草酸(asiatic acid)[61]
), ArticleFig(id=1322923690274468194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923681504178452, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

青钱柳中的三萜类化合物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物参考文献
75青钱柳苷K(cyclocarioside K)[26]
76青钱柳苷Ⅱ(cyclocarioside Ⅱ)[26]
77青钱柳苷Ⅲ(cyclocarioside Ⅲ)[26]
78齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid)[26]
79熊果酸(ursolic acid)[26]
80甜茶素A(pterocaryoside A)[33]
81甜茶素B(pterocaryoside B)[33]
82甜茶树苷A(cyclocarioside A)[34]
83青钱柳苷Ⅰ(cyclocarioside I)[35]
84青钱柳酸A(cyclocaric acid A)[36]
85青钱柳酸B(cyclocaric acid B)[37]
862α-羟基乌苏酸(2α-hydroxyursolic acid)[37]
87阿江榄仁酸(arjunolic acid)[37]
88青钱柳醇A(cyclocariol A)[38]
89青钱柳醇B(cyclocariol B)[38]
90青钱柳醇C(cyclocariol C)[38]
91青钱柳醇D(cyclocariol D)[38]
92青钱柳醇E(cyclocariol E)[38]
93青钱柳醇F(cyclocariol F)[38]
94青钱柳醇G(cyclocariol G)[38]
95青钱柳醇H(cyclocariol H)[38]
96青钱柳苷B(cyclocaroside B)[39]
97青钱柳苷C(cyclocarioside C)[39]
98青钱柳苷D(cyclocarioside D)[40]
99青钱柳苷E(cyclocarioside E)[40]
100青钱柳苷F(cyclocarioside F)[40]
101青钱柳苷G(cyclocarioside G)[40]
102青钱柳苷H(cyclocarioside H)[40]
103青钱柳素A(cyclocarin A)[40]
104青钱柳苷O(cyclocarioside O)[41]
105青钱柳苷P(cyclocarioside P)[41]
106青钱柳苷Q(cyclocarioside Q)[41]
107青钱柳苷Z1(cyclocarioside Z1)[42]
108青钱柳苷Z2(cyclocarioside Z2)[42]
109青钱柳苷Z3(cyclocarioside Z3)[42]
110青钱柳苷Z4(cyclocarioside Z4)[42]
111青钱柳苷Z5(cyclocarioside Z5)[42]
112青钱柳苷Z6(cyclocarioside Z6)[42]
113青钱柳苷Z7(cyclocarioside Z7)[42]
114青钱柳苷Z8(cyclocarioside Z8)[42]
115青钱柳苷R(cyclocarioside R)[43]
116青钱柳苷S(cyclocarioside S)[43]
117青钱柳苷T(cyclocarioside T)[43]
118青钱柳苷U(cyclocarioside U)[43]
119青钱柳苷V(cyclocarioside V)[43]
120青钱柳苷W(cyclocarioside W)[43]
121青钱柳苷X(cyclocarioside X)[43]
122青钱柳苷Y(cyclocarioside Y)[43]
123青钱柳苷Z1(cyclocarioside Z1)[43]
124青钱柳苷Z2(cyclocarioside Z2)[43]
125青钱柳苷Z3(cyclocarioside Z3)[43]
126齐墩果酸辛酯(octyl oleanolate)[43]
127青钱柳苷Z9(cyclocarioside Z9)[44]
128青钱柳苷Z10(cyclocarioside Z10)[44]
129青钱柳苷Z11(cyclocarioside Z11)[44]
130青钱苷A(cypaliuruside A)[45]
131青钱苷B(cypaliuruside B)[45]
132青钱苷C(cypaliuruside C)[45]
133青钱苷D(cypaliuruside D)[45]
134青钱苷E(cypaliuruside E)[45]
135青钱苷F(cypaliuruside F)[45]
136青钱苷G(cypaliuruside G)[45]
137青钱苷H(cypaliuruside H)[45]
138青钱苷I(cypaliuruside I)[45]
139青钱苷J(cypaliuruside J)[45]
140青钱苷K(cypaliuruside K)[45]
141青钱苷L(cypaliuruside L)[45]
142青钱苷M(cypaliuruside M)[45]
143(20S,24R)-20,24-epoxy-25-hydroxy-12β-(α-L-arabinopyranosyloxy)-3,4-seco-dammara-4(28)-en-3-oic acid[46]
144(20S,24R)-20,24-epoxy-25-hydroxy-12β-(α-L-arabinopyranosyloxy)-3,4-seco-dammara-4(28)-en-3-oic acid methyl ester[46]
145(20S,24R)-20,24-epoxy-25-hydroxy-12β-(β-D-quinovopyranosyloxy)-3,4-seco-dammara-4(28)-en-3-oic acid methyl ester[46]
1461-酮-3β,19α,23-三羟基-12-烯-28-齐墩果酸(3β,19α,23-trihydroxy-1-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic-acid)[46]
1471α,3β-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid[46]
148石榴萜酮(punicaone)[46]
149olean-12-en-1β,3β,28-triol[46]
150青钱柳苷Z9(cyclocarioside Z9)[47]
151青钱柳苷Z10(cyclocariosideZ10)[47]
152青钱柳苷Z11(cyclocarioside Z11)[47]
153青钱柳苷Z12(cyclocarioside Z12)[47]
154青钱柳苷Z13(cyclocarioside Z13)[47]
155青钱柳苷Z14(cyclocarioside Z14)[47]
156青钱柳苷Z15(cyclocarioside Z15)[47]
157青钱柳苷Z16(cyclocarioside Z16)[47]
158青钱柳苷Z17(cyclocarioside Z17)[47]
159青钱柳苷Z18(cyclocarioside Z18)[47]
160青钱柳苷Z19(cyclocarioside Z19)[47]
161青钱柳苷L(cyclocarioside L)[48]
162青钱柳苷M(cyclocarioside M)[48]
163青钱柳苷N(cyclocarioside N)[48]
1643β,23-dihydroxy-1,12-dioxo-olean-28-oic acid[48]
1653β,23,27-trihydroxy-1-oxo-olean-12-ene-28-oic acid[48]
166常春藤苷(hederagenin)[48]
1672α-hydroxyursolic acid[48]
1683β,23-dihydroxy-12-ene-28-ursolic acid[48]
1692α,3β,23-trihydroxy-12-ene-28-ursolic acid[48]
1702α,3α,23-trihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oic acid[48]
1712α,3β,23-trihydroxyoleana-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic-acid[48]
1722α,3α,23-trihydroxyurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oic acid[48]
173猕猴桃酸(actinidic acid)[48]
1742α,3β,23-trihydroxyurs-11-oxo-12-ene-28-oic acid[48]
175(24R)-3β-[(4-O-acetyl-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-25-hydroxy-20,24-epoxydammaran-12β-yl-6-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside[49]
1762α,3β,23-trihydroxylurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oic acid-β-D-glucopyranoside[49]
17723-trans-p-counmaroyloxy-2α,3β-dihydroxyplen-12-en-28-acid[49]
178猕猴桃次酸(actinidia acid)[49]
179积雪草苷Ⅱ(chebuloside Ⅱ)[49]
180青钱柳素A(cyclopalitin A)[50]
181青钱柳素B(cyclopalitin B)[50]
182乌苏酸(ursolic acid)[51]
183表卡通酸(epikatonic acid)[51]
184青钱柳苷J(cyclocarioside J)[52]
1852α,3β,23-三羟基-齐墩果烷-12-烯-28-酸-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷(arjunglucosideⅡ)[52]
1862α,3β,23-三羟基-乌苏烷-12-烯-28-酸-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷(quadranosideⅣ)[52]
187(23E)-(12R,20S)-12,20-dihydroxy-3,4-secodammara-4(28),23,25-trien-3-oic acid-12-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside[53]
188(12R,20S,24S)-20,24-dihydroxy-3,4-secodammara-2(28),25-dien-3-oic acid-12-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside[53]
189(20S,24R)-(3α,12β)-20,24-epoxydammara-25-ol-12-O-β-D-quinovopyranosyl-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside[53]
1901β,2α,3β,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-ursolic acid[54]
1912α,3α,6β,19α,23-pentahydroxyurs-12-en-28-ursolic acid[54]
1922α,3α,20β,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-ursolic acid[54]
1931β,2α,3β,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-ursolic acid[54]
1942α,3α,23-trihydroxy-12,20(30)-dien-28-ursolic-acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside[54]
1951-oxo-3β,23-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-xylopyranoside[54]
1962α,3α,23-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside[54]
19719α-羟基积雪草酸(19α-hydroxyasiatic acid)[54]
198白桦脂酸(betulinic acid)[55]
1993β,16β-二羟基-20(29)-烯-羽扇豆醇[lup-20(29)-ene-3β,16β-diol][55]
200羽扇豆醇(lupeol)[55]
201白桦脂醇(betulin)[55]
2022α,3β-二羟基羽扇豆醇(2α,3β-dihydroxyllupeol)[55]
203麦珠子酸(alphitolic acid)[55]
204β-香树脂醇(β-amyrin)[55]
2053β-羟基-11-酮-12-烯-齐墩果酸(3β-hydroxy-ll-oxooleana-12-en-28-oic acid)[55]
2062α,3β-二羟基-12-烯-齐墩果酸(olean-12-en-2α,3β-diol)[55]
2072α,3β,23-三羟基-12-烯-齐墩果酸(2α,3β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-ene)[55]
2083β,23-二羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸(3β,23-dihydroxy-12-ene-28-ursolic acid)[55]
209α-乳香酸(α-boswellic acid)[56]
210β-香树脂酮(β-amyrone)[56]
2113β-O-反式-咖啡酸-摩尔酸(3β-O-trans-caffeoyl-morolicacid)[56]
212科罗索酸(corosolic acid)[57]
213马斯里酸(maslinic acid)[57]
214青钱柳苷Z12(cyclocarioside Z12)[58]
215青钱柳苷Z13(cyclocarioside Z13)[58]
2161α,2α,3β,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic-acid[59]
2172α,3β,22α-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside[59]
218青钱苷N(cypaliuruside N)[59]
219青钱苷O(cypaliuruside O)[59]
220青钱苷P(cypaliuruside P)[59]
221青钱苷Q(cypaliuruside Q)[59]
222青钱苷R(cypaliuruside R)[59]
223青钱苷S(cypaliuruside S)[60]
224青钱苷T(cypaliuruside T)[60]
225青钱苷U(cypaliuruside U)[60]
226青钱苷V(cypaliuruside V)[60]
227积雪草酸(asiatic acid)[61]
), ArticleFig(id=1322923690375131491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923681504178452, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物参考文献编号化合物参考文献
228咖啡酸(caffeic acid)[1]2421,3-二咖啡酰奎宁酸(1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid)[62]
2291-咖啡酰奎宁酸(1-caffeoylquinic acid)[1]2431,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸(1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid)[62]
2303-咖啡酰奎宁酸(3-caffeoylquinic acid)[1]2443,4-二咖啡酰奎宁酸(3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid)[62]
2314-咖啡酰奎宁酸(4-caffeoylquinic acid)[1]2454,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸(4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid)[62]
2325-咖啡酰奎宁酸(5-caffeoylquinic acid)[1]2462,3-二羟基苯甲酸(2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid)[63]
233香草酸(vanillic acid)[1]247水杨酸(salicylic acid)[63]
234原儿茶酸(protocatechuic acid)[1]248对香豆酸(p-coumaric acid)[63]
235肉桂酸(cinnamic acid)[1]2494-甲氧基肉桂酸(4-methoxycinnamic acid)[63]
236阿魏酸(ferulic acid)[1]250龙胆酸(glycine)[63]
237绿原酸(chlorogenic acid)[1]251迷迭香酸(rosmarinic acid)[63]
238对羟基苯甲酸(p-hydroxybenzonic acid)[1]252间羟基肉桂酸(3-hydroxycinnamic acid)[63]
239芥子酸(sinapic acid)[1]253反式对羟基肉桂酸(Trans-p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid)[64]
240没食子酸(gallic acid)[26]254绿原酸甲酯(3-Caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester)[64]
241没食子酸甲酯(methyl gallate)[26]255绿原酸乙酯(3-Caffeoylquinic acid ethyl ester)[64]
), ArticleFig(id=1322923690454823268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923681504178452, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

青钱柳中的酚酸类化合物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物参考文献编号化合物参考文献
228咖啡酸(caffeic acid)[1]2421,3-二咖啡酰奎宁酸(1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid)[62]
2291-咖啡酰奎宁酸(1-caffeoylquinic acid)[1]2431,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸(1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid)[62]
2303-咖啡酰奎宁酸(3-caffeoylquinic acid)[1]2443,4-二咖啡酰奎宁酸(3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid)[62]
2314-咖啡酰奎宁酸(4-caffeoylquinic acid)[1]2454,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸(4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid)[62]
2325-咖啡酰奎宁酸(5-caffeoylquinic acid)[1]2462,3-二羟基苯甲酸(2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid)[63]
233香草酸(vanillic acid)[1]247水杨酸(salicylic acid)[63]
234原儿茶酸(protocatechuic acid)[1]248对香豆酸(p-coumaric acid)[63]
235肉桂酸(cinnamic acid)[1]2494-甲氧基肉桂酸(4-methoxycinnamic acid)[63]
236阿魏酸(ferulic acid)[1]250龙胆酸(glycine)[63]
237绿原酸(chlorogenic acid)[1]251迷迭香酸(rosmarinic acid)[63]
238对羟基苯甲酸(p-hydroxybenzonic acid)[1]252间羟基肉桂酸(3-hydroxycinnamic acid)[63]
239芥子酸(sinapic acid)[1]253反式对羟基肉桂酸(Trans-p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid)[64]
240没食子酸(gallic acid)[26]254绿原酸甲酯(3-Caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester)[64]
241没食子酸甲酯(methyl gallate)[26]255绿原酸乙酯(3-Caffeoylquinic acid ethyl ester)[64]
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青钱柳化学成分和药理作用研究进展及其质量标志物预测分析
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聂春梅 1, 2 , 肖箐 3 , 易子漾 1 , 肖陈林 2 , 陈林 1, 2 , 蔡萍 1, 2
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(5): 144-158
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (5) : 144 -158
青钱柳化学成分和药理作用研究进展及其质量标志物预测分析
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聂春梅(1997-),女,湖南沅陵人,硕士在读,研究方向:中药复方质量控制。

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聂春梅1, 2, 肖箐3, 易子漾1, 肖陈林2 , 陈林1, 2, 蔡萍1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.湖南中医药大学,湖南 长沙 410208
  • 2.湖南省中医药研究院,湖南 长沙 410013
  • 3.湖南省药品检验检测研究院,湖南 长沙 410001
通讯作者:
蔡萍(1975-),女,湖南益阳人,研究员,硕士研究生导师,学士,研究方向:中药制剂、质量标准分析。E-mail:。
陈林(1985-),女,安徽芜湖人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向:中药质量控制与中药新药研发。E-mail:。
作者简介:

聂春梅(1997-),女,湖南沅陵人,硕士在读,研究方向:中药复方质量控制。

Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Ijinskaja]and Predictive Analysis of Its Quality Markers
Chunmei NIE1, 2, Jing XIAO3, Ziyang YI1, Chenlin XIAO2 , Lin CHEN1, 2, Ping CAI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Changsha 410208,Hunan,China
  • 2.Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine,Changsha 410013,Hunan,China
  • 3.Hunan Provincial Institute of Drug Inspection and Testing,Changsha 410001,Hunan,China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.028
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青钱柳Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Iljinsk.是胡桃科青钱柳属植物,也是我国特有的珍稀植物,其根、枝、叶均具有药用价值,并具有杀虫止痒、消炎止痛祛风的功效。青钱柳中的化学成分主要包括多糖类、黄酮类、三萜类及酚酸类等,具有降血糖、降血压、降血脂、抗氧化、抗炎和保肝等多种药理作用。通过总结青钱柳的化学成分和药理作用研究进展,结合中药质量标志物(quality marker,Q-Marker)理论,从化学成分特有性、传统药效、化学成分可测性、入血成分和网络药理学评价等多个角度对青钱柳的Q-Marker进行预测分析。预测结果显示青钱柳多糖、黄酮类和三萜类可作为青钱柳Q-Marker的潜在物质种类。初步推测达玛烷型三萜类化合物(如甜茶树苷A、青钱柳苷I和青钱柳皂苷Z5~Z8等)、异槲皮苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素、芹菜素、阿江榄仁酸、青钱柳酸B、对香豆酸、4,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、绿原酸和迷迭香酸等成分可作为青钱柳Q-Marker。为建立系统的青钱柳药材质量评价体系提供参考,同时对确保青钱柳药材的质量具有指导作用,进一步推动青钱柳的合理开发应用。

青钱柳  /  化学成分  /  药理作用  /  质量标志物

Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Ijinskaja]is a plant of the genus Cyclocarya of the Juglandaceae family,and it is a rare and precious species found only in China. Its roots,branches and leaves all have medicinal value and are known to have insect-killing,itch-stopping,anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties. Its chemical composition mainly includes polysaccharides,flavonoids,triterpenoids,phenolic acids and so on. It has a variety of pharmacological effects such as hypoglycemia,hypotension,hypolipidemia,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective. By summarizing the research progress of chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Ijinskaja]and combining with the theory of quality marker(Q-Marker),the Q-Marker of Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Ijinskaja]was predicted and analyzed from various perspectives,such as chemical composition uniqueness,traditional medicinal efficacy,chemical composition measurability,blood-entry components and network pharmacological evaluation. The results revealed that polysaccharides,flavonoids and triterpenoids can be used as potential species of Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Ijinskaja]quality markers. It was initially hypothesized that dammarane-type triterpenoids(such as cyclocarioside A,cyclocarioside I and cyclocarioside Z5-Z8),isoquercitrin,quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide,kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide,luteolin,apigenin,arjunolic acid,cyclocaric acid B,p-coumaric acid,4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid,chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid can be used as the Q-Marker of Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Ijinskaja]. The results provided a reference for the establishment of a systematic quality evaluation system of Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Ijinskaja]and a guiding role in ensuring the quality of Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Ijinskaja],and further promoted the rational development and application of Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Ijinskaja].

Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.) Ijinskaja]  /  chemical composition  /  pharmacological effect  /  quality marker
聂春梅, 肖箐, 易子漾, 肖陈林, 陈林, 蔡萍. 青钱柳化学成分和药理作用研究进展及其质量标志物预测分析. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (5) : 144 -158 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.028
Chunmei NIE, Jing XIAO, Ziyang YI, Chenlin XIAO, Lin CHEN, Ping CAI. Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Qingqianliu[Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Ijinskaja]and Predictive Analysis of Its Quality Markers[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (5) : 144 -158 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.028
青钱柳Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Iljinsk.是胡桃科青钱柳属的一种药食两用植物,主要分布在中国的南部、中部和西南部地区[1]。根据《中国中药资源志要》记载,青钱柳又名青钱李(江西)、一串钱(湖北)、山麻柳(四川)和甜茶树(贵州)等,其树皮、树叶及树根均可入药,具有祛风止痒、清热解毒和消肿止痛等多种功效,用于治疗顽癣[2]。2013年,国家卫生和计划生育委员会批准青钱柳叶为新食品原料,不仅用作保健茶、饮料及酒等食品原料,还能用作中药制剂。青钱柳含有丰富的多糖类、黄酮类、三萜类、有机酸类、微量元素和挥发性成分等,具有降血糖、降血脂、降血压、抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌和保护肝脏等多种药理活性,这使得青钱柳在治疗糖尿病、高血压和高脂血症等方面具有悠久的历史。
随着青钱柳的药理作用及药效物质基础深入研究,证实青钱柳的生物活性成分具有多种药用价值。目前,现有文献及中药标准中以槲皮素和山柰酚的含量作为青钱柳质量控制的指标成分。然而,青钱柳中除了这两种化合物,还含有其他具有生理活性的化学成分,如多糖类、黄酮类、三萜类以及有机酸等。对于中药材质量评价,仅以一种或两种成分作为主要控制指标,存在一定的局限性。刘昌孝院士根据中药系统的特点提出了中药质量标志物(quality marker,Q-Marker)的概念,为建立中药全程质量控制体系和中药整体质量标准提供了思路,为中药质量控制的研究带来了新的契机[3]。因此,本文对青钱柳的化学成分和药理作用进行综述,并根据Q-marker进行预测分析,为青钱柳的质量评价和相关产品研发提供科学依据。
青钱柳所含化学成分多样,主要包括多糖、黄酮类、三萜类、酚类、常量与微量元素以及其他化学成分(如木脂素、脂肪酸及其酯类、甾醇、生物碱等)[4]。本文主要介绍多糖、黄酮类、三萜类及酚酸类化合物。
青钱柳富含多种生理功能成分,其中青钱柳多糖是一种生物活性混合物,引起了人们的极大兴趣和关注。近年来,青钱柳的研究中对这类成分的探索较为广泛。文献报道研究的青钱柳多糖成分约有10多种,是由多种单糖组成,包括半乳糖醛酸(GalA)、葡萄糖(Glc)、半乳糖(Gal)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)、甘露糖(Man)、木糖(Xyl)、鼠李糖(Rha)和葡萄糖醛酸(GlcA)等,详见表1。此外,还含有少量与蛋白质结合的多糖。
决定多糖生物活性的因素有:多糖的结构、相对分子质量、官能团、主链上的糖单元、支链的类型和聚合度、糖苷键以及多糖的构象[5-6]。因此,对青钱柳多糖进行了一系列的结构修饰[7-12],如磷酸化、硫酸化、羧甲基化及乙酰化等,从而改变其生物活性。在此基础上,用不同的方法对青钱柳多糖进行了改性研究。XIE L M等[7]用三聚磷酸钠和三偏磷酸钠制成磷酸化试剂,再与青钱柳多糖合成磷酸化衍生物P-CP,结果表明P-CP具有更强的抗氧化活性,提高了对过氧化氢诱导的RAW 264.7细胞氧化应激的保护作用以及细胞活力。XIE L M等[8]用磷酸化试剂合成的青钱柳多糖磷酸化衍生物PCP,提高了对结直肠癌细胞CT-26的抗肿瘤作用,表明磷酸化修饰是增强多糖的抗肿瘤活性的有效方法。HAN Y等[9]通过氯磺酸-吡啶磺化法制备硫酸化衍生物S-CPP,研究表明硫酸化修饰可提高青钱柳多糖对肠道屏障的保护作用和全身免疫的调节作用。WANG Z J等[10]采用氢氧化钠-氯乙酸法制备青钱柳多糖羧甲基化衍生物CM-CPs,结果显示CMCPs对超氧自由基和羟基自由基的清除能力降低,表明适当的羧甲基化修饰可以提高青钱柳多糖的抗氧化作用。MENG Z等[11]使用乙酸酐制备青钱柳多糖乙酰化衍生物Ac-CPP0.1,研究表明Ac-CPP0.1对过氧化氢诱导的树突状细胞具有保护作用,其机理可能是激活了核因子E2相关因子2-Kelch样ECH关联蛋白1(Nrf2-Keap1)信号通路增强抗氧化酶活性。XIE J H等[12]成功制备3种取代度不同的青钱柳多糖乙酰化衍生物Ac-CP1、Ac-CP2和Ac-CP3,通过对DPPH自由基和β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸模型体系的清除作用,发现乙酰化衍生物都具有清除自由基和抗氧化活性。
黄酮类化合物是由两个苯环通过3个碳链和酚羟基连接而形成的一系列化合物的统称,具有C6-C3-C6的基本骨架。青钱柳中的黄酮类化合物种类多样,目前已鉴定并报道的黄酮单体达40多种,主要为山柰酚、槲皮素等黄酮醇结构,此外,还含有少量的异黄酮、二氢黄酮和异戊二烯黄酮醇等其他化合物,这些黄酮苷元能够与葡萄糖、鼠李糖及甘露糖等多种单糖连接形成黄酮苷。青钱柳中的黄酮类化合物名称见表2,结构见图1。
三萜类化合物是从青钱柳叶中分离出的大量具有重要生物活性的物质,它们可以作为青钱柳鉴别和质量控制的重要特征指标,其结构包括达玛烷型三萜、3,4-裂环达玛烷型三萜、齐墩果烷型三萜、乌苏烷型三萜和羽扇豆烷型三萜等,因其化学结构的复杂性和多样的修饰位置,赋予了青钱柳丰富的生物学活性。青钱柳中的所有发现的达玛烷型三萜和3,4-裂环达玛烷型三萜都是全新的化合物,达玛烷三萜皂苷以及皂苷元被认为是青钱柳叶的特征和活性分子。在皂苷中,连接的糖主要包括阿拉伯糖和鸡纳糖,此外,还存在一小部分葡萄糖和核糖。青钱柳中三萜类化合物名称见表3,结构见图2。
青钱柳中所含有机酸含量相对较低,但它们也是一类具有重要功效的化合物。酚酸类化合物作为植物体内一类含酚环的有机酸,能够对植物生长发育产生影响。目前,青钱柳中含有咖啡酸、绿原酸和奎宁酸等酚酸类化合物。青钱柳中的酚酸类化合物名称见表4,结构见图3。
青钱柳在医学界被誉为“天然植物胰岛素”,其主要的降血糖活性成分为多糖、黄酮类化合物和三萜类化合物,可通过减少葡萄糖摄取、调节血脂、调节胰岛素信号通路、减少β细胞凋亡、增加胰岛素的合成和分泌、调节肠道微生物的丰度以及抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性等发挥降血糖作用[65]。它通过多种成分、多个靶点和多种途径来调节血糖,同时修复和保护胰岛。此外,青钱柳对正常人体的血糖没有任何影响,不会导致低血糖反应的发生。BAI X C等[66]通过研究发现青钱柳三萜酸复合物(triterpene Acid Complex,TAC)和硒甲基硒代半胱氨酸(se-Methylselenocysteine,MSC)通过激活磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/蛋白激酶B/糖原合成激酶(PI3K/AKT/GSK3β)途径,改善棕榈酸(PA)诱导的HepG2细胞的胰岛素抵抗;此外,TAC/MSC有效改善了2型糖尿病(T2DM)小鼠的高血糖、葡萄糖不耐受、胰岛素抵抗和脂质代谢紊乱,减轻了肝脏脂肪变性,并减少了氧化应激,以缓解T2DM的特征。CAOJ J等[67]通过对高脂饮食和链脲佐菌素诱导的T2DM小鼠和胰高血糖素攻击的小鼠原代肝细胞研究,结果表明青钱柳三萜酸(cyclocarya paliurus triterpenic acids,CPT)可以通过激活AMPK来抑制肝糖异生对T2DM 的作用。PENG X J等[68]通过对T2DM患者的临床随机对照试验研究发现,青钱柳提取物可通过调节肠道微生物群和代谢产物来减轻T2DM相关代谢表型,对肝肾功能没有显著影响。LI Q Q等[69]研究发现青钱柳多糖可明显减轻糖尿病大鼠的症状,还能抑制糖尿病大鼠胰腺Bax蛋白的表达,提高Bcl-2的表达,使激素分泌恢复正常,从而促进胰腺β细胞的再生并减少胰岛素抵抗性,同时可以增加Ruminococcaceae UCG-005这种有益菌属的数量,从而提高粪便中的短链脂肪酸水平。此外,青钱柳多糖还能改善与营养代谢(如氨基酸和嘌呤)和能量代谢(如TCA循环)密切相关的代谢途径,有助于增强肠道上皮细胞对糖尿病相关炎症的防御能力。NING Z W 等[70]采用UF-UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS技术从青钱柳提取物进行分析,发现了11种可能具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的化合物,槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、山柰酚-3-O-鼠李糖苷、槲皮素、山柰酚、积雪草酸和金雀异黄素等是主要抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的成分,与阿卡波糖相比,它们更容易结合到α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性位点,从而降低血糖的形成。
研究发现,青钱柳对高血压有明显的缓解作用。刘晓霞[71]的实验证明了青钱柳叶水提物和总黄酮对Nω-硝基左旋精氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(L-NAME)诱导的高血压大鼠和自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的影响,经青钱柳治疗后高血压大鼠的收缩压和舒张压显著降低,其作用效果与卡托普利相当,可提高血清中NO含量;青钱柳叶水提物和总黄酮对SHR有明显的降压作用,对心率无影响,降低SHR左心室肥厚指数,部分缓解肾小球基底膜增生现象等。侯小利等[72]研究发现青钱柳叶总黄酮能够降低自发性高血压大鼠的血压,主要表现为显著降低自发性高血压大鼠的收缩压与舒张压,并且对心率没有明显影响;此外,青钱柳叶总黄酮还可缓解左心室、肾脏、脾脏以及主动脉的病变,增加红细胞数、血红蛋白水平、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、一氧化氮、一氧化氮合酶的含量,降低血浆中心房钠尿肽含量,有效抑制肾脏中Ki-67、VEGF的阳性表达,对自发性大鼠靶器官损伤具有逆转作用。
青钱柳具有显著的降血脂活性。YANG Z W 等[73]采用全基因组DNA甲基化方法研究了青钱柳多糖的降脂效果,主要观察了CPP-2对高脂肪乳液(HFE)诱导的小鼠的血脂水平影响。研究结果表明,CPP-2能够减少HFE引起的小鼠肝脏中的全基因组DNA甲基化程度,AMP活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)信号通路、脂肪酸代谢、脂肪酸生物合成和脂肪细胞因子信号通路的调节可以实现脂质含量的降低和预防HFE诱导的高脂血症。LIN CX等[74]阐明了青钱柳多糖提取物对秀丽隐杆线虫的降脂作用及其机制,结果发现,CPP可通过单不饱和脂肪酸(monounsaturated fatty acid,MUFA)生物合成途径、mdt-15/sbp-1和NHR-49/MDT-15信号通路调节脂质代谢途径,以减少秀丽隐杆线虫的脂肪积累。YANG Z W等[75]评价了青钱柳多糖对高脂血症大鼠DNA甲基化和脂质代谢相关基因(瘦素和微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白)表达的影响,证明了青钱柳多糖能够显著降低肝脏中瘦素和微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白启动因子的DNA甲基化水平来调节mRNA水平,从而降低血脂。
已有研究证实青钱柳在体内和体外都具有抗氧化活性,其中青钱柳多糖、黄酮、三萜皂苷等化合物与良好的抗氧化活性密切相关。CHEN X X等[76]采用RNA-seq和分子生物学技术结合方法发现青钱柳多糖不仅可以调节PI3K/AKT和MAPKs的活性,还能提高抗氧化酶(SOD、HO-1和NQO1)的表达,证实了青钱柳多糖对H2O2诱导的人正常肝细胞LO2氧化损伤的保护作用。WU T等[77]通过研究发现青钱柳多糖可以改善肝脏和肾脏的抗氧化状态,降低超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶及丙二醛含量,对改善四氯化碳引起的肝肾氧化应激方面具有治疗价值。ZHOU M M等[78]通过对不同群居的青钱柳叶水提物化学成分及抗氧化活性研究,以DPPH和ABST自由基清除能力和还原能力为指标,评价青钱柳的抗氧化活性,结果为水溶性多糖、总多酚、总黄酮、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、3-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸、4-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸含量与抗氧化能力呈显著相关,其中总多酚含量对抗氧化能力的贡献最大。CAO Y N等[79]采用HPLC和UV方法测定了10种酚类化合物的含量,并以DPPH、ABST和FRAP法评价其抗氧化活性,发现青钱柳叶提取物中酚类物质含量与抗氧化活性呈显著正相关。
青钱柳具有消肿止痛的作用,有望成为潜在的抗炎药。LIU W 等[43]利用RAW264.7细胞建立了炎症模型,验证青钱柳叶对炎症的抑制作用,具体表现为3,4-裂环达玛烷型三萜皂苷可显著抑制脂多糖激活的RAW 264.7细胞分泌肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)、白介素-6(IL-6)及降低环氧合酶-2(COX-2)、诱导性一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和核转录因子κB(NF-κB/p65)的表达。LI C G等[47]研究发现化合物CyclocariosideZ10能有效抑制脂多糖(LPS)介导的RAW264.7细胞中iNOS、COX-2、IL-1β、NFκB、IL-6和TNF-α的mRNA表达,同时对iNOS、NF-κB/p65和COX-2的蛋白表达也有显著的抑制作用。安琪[80]的实验研究发现了在LPS刺激的RAW 264.7细胞中,青钱柳多糖能够显著降低细胞内TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6水平,并提高IL-10水平;此外,它还能有效减少NO产生,并通过抑制RAW264.7细胞中NF-κB信号通路来调节炎症反应。
有研究发现,青钱柳可通过减轻肝脏的氧化应激和炎症反应,从而对肝脏起到一定的保护作用。XIE J H等[81]研究结果表明,青钱柳黄酮类化合物对CCl4引起的小鼠急性肝损伤具有显著的保护作用;它能够显著降低CCl4引起的天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的增加以及丙二醛(MDA)水平的升高;此外,该类化合物还能够显著提高SOD、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平。YANG Z W 等[18]发现青钱柳多糖组分CPP-2能够显著降低HFE诱导的高脂血症小鼠血清和肝脏中过氧化脂质(LPO)、MDA和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性,提高SOD、GSH-Px和T-AOC水平。HU W B等[82]发现青钱柳叶黄酮类组分可以改善肝脏的氧化应激、降低ALT、AST水平和炎性细胞因子,有效地预防脂多糖/D-半乳糖胺诱导的急性肝功能衰竭。吴婷[83]采用Western Blot实验对小鼠肝脏内炎症调控机制进行研究,结果发现青钱柳多糖通过下调CCl4诱导小鼠肝脏TLR4/MAPK信号通路的表达,降低炎症因子NO、IL-1β、TNF-α、COX-2、iNOS的释放来改善CCl4造成的急性肝损伤,为青钱柳治疗肝脏损伤中的关键调控通路提供依据。
YU Y等[84]研究发现青钱柳多糖和硫酸化多糖通过分泌不同的细胞因子,如TNF-α、Th1型细胞因子IL-2、Th2型细胞因子IL-4等,刺激脾淋巴细胞增殖,增强免疫应答,提高免疫力。LEI X等[85]实验研究表明,青钱柳中黄酮类成分浓度为80μg/mL时,对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和大肠埃希菌有较强的抑制作用;青钱柳中纯化的黄酮类成分对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制能力最强,其次是沙门氏菌,对大肠杆菌的抑制能力最弱。ZHOU M M等[86]揭示了青钱柳中的三萜类化合物对抑制HeLa肿瘤细胞的生长具有重要的作用,且其中五环三萜含量对其抗增殖作用产生显著影响。XIE L M等[87]发现了硫酸化和羧甲基化青钱柳多糖能够降低肿瘤细胞活力并抑制其生长。
综上所述,青钱柳的主要有效成分为多糖类、黄酮类、三萜类和酚酸类化合物具有降血糖、降血压、降血脂、抗氧化、抗炎和保肝等药理作用,如插页ⅩⅩⅨ图4。
中药质量是决定中药有效性和安全性的关键因素,也是确保药效稳定性和应用安全性的基础。中药成分非常复杂,容易受到产地、品种、种植方式、采收加工和储存条件等多种因素的影响,从而导致中药中的化学成分种类及含量有所不同。在《中华人民共和国药典》中常以一种或几种指标性成分的量高低去评价中药优劣的偏多,但仅以一种成分或几种成分反映含有多种化学成分的中药质量存在明显的局限性。本文通过对大量相关文献进行分析与总结,从多方面对青钱柳进行综述,并对其进行Q-Marker分析(插页ⅩⅩⅨ图5),为建立青钱柳质量控制的科学方法提供参考。
青钱柳含有丰富的生物活性成分,包括多糖类、黄酮类、三萜类、有机酸类、常量微量元素和挥发性成分等,其中含量较大的多糖、黄酮类和三萜类既是青钱柳的主要药效成分,又是青钱柳的主要次生代谢产物。三萜化合物是一类重要的植物次生代谢物,同时在青钱柳中数量众多,结构类型多样,常见的有齐墩果烷型五环三萜,乌苏烷型五环三萜,达玛烷型四环三萜和3,4-裂环达玛烷型四环三萜等。在青钱柳中发现的达玛烷型和3,4-裂环达玛烷型均为新化合物,达玛烷型三萜类化合物可作为青钱柳叶的特征指标和主要活性成分,也是其主要的甜味成分。杨大坚[34]和舒任庚[35]等分别从青钱柳中分离鉴定出具有强甜味的天然化合物甜茶树苷A和青钱柳苷I,甜度分别约为蔗糖的200倍和250倍。CHEN Y J等[38]从青钱柳叶中分离和鉴定了8个未被报道的裂环达玛烷型三萜类化合物(如青钱柳醇A-H等),并探讨了裂环达玛烷型三萜的生物形成途径,研究表明它们具有从弱到强的细胞毒性活性。LIU W 等[43]从青钱柳叶中分离鉴定得到18个达玛烷型三萜皂苷(如青钱柳皂苷R-Z3等),研究发现它们具有抗炎活性,由此,推测3,4-裂环达玛烷型三萜皂苷可能是一种潜在的抗炎药物。因此,达玛烷型三萜类化合物可作为青钱柳质量标志物的重要参选。
传统功效是中药有效性的概括,也是现代药理学研究和临床使用的重要参考。《湖南药物志》记载,青钱柳有祛风止痒、清热解毒、降压强心的功效,主治皮肤癣疾、糖尿病、高脂血症。根据《江山中草药图鉴》,青钱柳具有杀虫止痒、消炎止痛、祛风之功效;现中医临床用于治疗糖尿病,因其有药理作用能明显降低血糖、减少脂肪和尿糖[88]。通过体内实验表明,青钱柳多糖通过调节肠道微生物群和短链脂肪酸水平来缓解T2DM的症状,并改善T2DM大鼠的葡萄糖和脂质代谢紊乱[89-90]。LIU Y等[22]的研究结果揭示了青钱柳黄酮类化合物(如槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、异槲皮苷、山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷等)潜在的降血糖作用和青钱柳三萜类化合物(如阿江榄仁酸、青钱柳酸B、齐墩果酸等)的降血脂作用,这些潜在的活性与化合物的含量相关。SUN H H等[42]从青钱柳叶中分离得到4个新发现的罕见的裂环达玛烷型三萜皂苷(化合物1~4为青钱柳皂苷Z1-Z4),4个新发现的人参皂苷类达玛烷型三萜皂苷(化合物5~8为青钱柳皂苷Z5-Z8)以及4个已知的三萜皂苷,在生物活性测定中,化合物5~8能够显著增强3T3-L1脂肪细胞的葡萄糖消耗量,这应是中医药历代典籍中将青钱柳用于糖尿病治疗的生物活性成分。青钱柳多糖、黄酮类化合物和三萜类化合物的药理活性与传统功效具有一致性,可作为青钱柳QMarker筛选的重要参考依据。
化学成分的可测性也是Q-Marker选择的重要依据,目前中药化学成分的检测主要采用色谱进行分析。研究不同产地、不同采收时期的青钱柳样品指纹图谱间的具体差异对药材质量控制有着重要的意义。CAO Y N等[91]通过HPLC指纹图谱和定量分析评价了不同产地的青钱柳,筛选出21个共有峰,再对其中16个共有标记物(如3-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸、4-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、异槲皮苷、山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、阿江榄仁酸和青钱柳酸B等)进行定量分析,得到18个不同产地青钱柳的活性成分含量有所不同。NING Z W等[70]通过UF-UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS和分子对接技术鉴定青钱柳提取物中具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的活性化合物,有槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、槲皮素3-O-半乳糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-鼠李糖苷、槲皮素和山柰酚等。吴琳琳等[92]通过建立10个采收期青钱柳的HPLC指纹图谱,标记15个共有峰,再对绿原酸、异槲皮苷、槲皮素和山柰酚进行定量分析,得到不同采收期青钱柳成分含量不同,为青钱柳的采摘时期的选择提供参考。综上所述,上述这些化学成分可作为Q-Marker预测的重要指标。
中药的化学成分十分复杂,必须在体内达到一定的血药浓度才可发挥作用。因此,可通过分析给药后进入血液的药物原型成分及其体内的代谢过程,筛选出青钱柳具有的有效成分,将其作为质量控制的依据。ZHAIL X等[93]采用LC-MS技术测定口服青钱柳提取物在小鼠体内的吸收情况,其可改善脂质循环紊乱,血清药物化学研究显示槲皮素、山柰酚、槲皮素-3-葡萄糖苷、山柰酚-3-鼠李糖苷、绿原酸和没食子酸等13种成分是青钱柳潜在的活性成分。肖岩[94]通过UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS技术对青钱柳含药血清进行了快速定性分析,在含药血清中检测到的原型成分多为酚酸类(如阿魏酸、咖啡酸等)和黄酮类(如山柰酚、槲皮素等)及青钱柳特征性成分青钱柳苷N、pterocaryoside B,代谢产物为槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸、(-)-表儿茶素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸、山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸等,为青钱柳药效物质基础研究提供了科学依据。张晓芹等[95]采用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱(UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS)鉴定了大鼠血清中的化学成分,在15种入血成分中,奎尼酸、对香豆酸、水杨酸、4,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、姜辣素、L-酪氨酸甲基酯为其主要的原型成分,还进一步鉴定发现了绿原酸、迷迭香酸、对香豆酸、水杨酸、人参皂苷RH7的代谢产物,再结合药理文献推测,可将对香豆酸、4,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、绿原酸、迷迭香酸作为青钱柳潜在的Q-Marker。因此,上述化学成分可作为青钱柳质量标志物确定的参照依据。
中药通过多成分、多靶点来发挥药效作用,随着网络药理学的迅速发展,其可以针对特定的人类疾病,结合经典药理学、生物化学、结构生物学、基因组学、计算机技术和实验验证,驱动对疾病靶点的识别,并发现活性分子,探索中药的Q-Marker。MO J G等[96]对青钱柳中62个化合物和靶标进行网络药理学分析,进一步筛选出13个黄酮类化合物(如木犀草素、芹菜素、3-羟基黄酮等)与抗肝癌活性相关,是青钱柳治疗肝癌的潜在Q-Marker。LIN Z X等[97]基于文献检索和中药系统药理学数据库分析平台(TCMSP)筛选出39个三萜类化合物,通过构建靶标相互作用网络,构建了具有抗糖尿病活性的青钱柳三萜类化合物,并利用分子对接方法验证关键的功能,结果表明,arjunglucosideⅡ(2α,3β,23-三羟基-齐墩果烷-12-烯-28-酸-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷)、α-boswellic acid(α-乳香酸)、2α,3β,23-trihydroxyoleana-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic-acid[2α,3β,23-三羟基-11,13(18)-二烯-28-齐墩果酸]和cyclocarioside K(青钱柳苷K)等7种化合物具有治疗糖尿病的潜力。综上分析,上述提到的化合物均可作为青钱柳Q-Marker的预测分析指标。
青钱柳含有多种活性成分,其使用历史悠久,集药用、保健、材用和观赏等价值于一身,在保健食品、医药工业等领域具有广阔的研究前景。目前,对于青钱柳的研究主要集中于多糖、黄酮类和三萜类成分,其中降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、抗炎等药效得到了广泛研究。
基于对青钱柳的化学成分和药理作用研究进展的综述,本文以中药Q-Marker理论为指导,结合化学成分特有性、传统药效以及化学成分可测性等方面进行分析,来确定其潜在的药效物质基础,对其Q-Marker进行预测分析,初步推断青钱柳可能含有达玛烷型三萜皂苷类化合物(如甜茶树苷A、青钱柳苷I和青钱柳皂苷Z5-Z8等)、异槲皮苷、槲皮素-3-Oβ-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素、芹菜素、阿江榄仁酸、青钱柳酸B、对香豆酸、4,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、绿原酸和迷迭香酸等化合物,这些化合物有望成为衡量青钱柳质量的化学标志物。
青钱柳的质量标准体系尚未完善,但现行标准中仅对槲皮素和山柰酚的含量做出规定,存在明显的局限性。青钱柳质量控制研究文献中大多报道的是槲皮素、山柰酚、异槲皮苷、绿原酸等不同化学成分的含量测定方法,但未见对控制青钱柳质量的主要指标性成分进行总结分析,也没有基于青钱柳的化学成分特有性、传统药效、化学成分可测性、入血成分和网络药理学评价对其指标性成分与药效物质基础之间的关系进行分析。因此,建立和完善科学的青钱柳质量控制体系对于确保青钱柳药材的质量具有重要意义。未来,应进一步深入研究青钱柳的化学成分和药理机制,为其临床应用提供科学依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(82474502)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ50047)
  • 湖南省科学技术厅重点项目(2022ZYC024; 2022GK4015)
  • 湖南中医药大研究生创新项目(2022CX188; 2023CX56)
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2025年第43卷第5期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.028
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(82474502)
湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ50047)
湖南省科学技术厅重点项目(2022ZYC024; 2022GK4015)
湖南中医药大研究生创新项目(2022CX188; 2023CX56)
作者信息
    1.湖南中医药大学,湖南 长沙 410208
    2.湖南省中医药研究院,湖南 长沙 410013
    3.湖南省药品检验检测研究院,湖南 长沙 410001

通讯作者:

蔡萍(1975-),女,湖南益阳人,研究员,硕士研究生导师,学士,研究方向:中药制剂、质量标准分析。E-mail:。
陈林(1985-),女,安徽芜湖人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向:中药质量控制与中药新药研发。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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