Article(id=1322923582686376558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923490592043032, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339160843, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339160843, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339160843, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339160843, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322923490592043032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1746806400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339138887, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340572227, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929502539612595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923490592043032, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929502539612596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923490592043032, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=99, endPage=104, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322923582896091759, articleId=1322923582686376558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Research Progress of Active Ingredients of Chinese Medicines Regulating Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Anti-Tumor, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The prevention and treatment of malignant tumors has always been a hot topic for oncologists around the world. Mitochondrion is a key organelle that can regulate the internal metabolism of tumor cells and always affect the occurrence and development of tumors. Apoptosis is an important regulatory mechanism for cells to maintain their internal environment. Mitochondrial apoptosis pathway is one of the main pathways to promote apoptosis,and the induction of mitochondrial apoptosis in tumor cells is an important target for anti-tumor. Studies have shown that the active ingredients of many Chinese medicines,such as flavonoids,lactones,alkaloids,terpenoids,glycosides and quinones,can increase the expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bax,Bad and Bim,and decrease the expressions of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL,down-regulate the mitochondrial membrane potential level,increase the permeability of mitochondrial membrane,release a large number of apoptotic factors,activate the Caspase cascade reaction,and finally induce the endogenous apoptotic pathway of tumor cells,and inhibit the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells by regulating PI3K/AKT,TLR9/MyD88,p38 MAPK,ERK1/2,Notch/JAK/STAT and other signaling pathways. This article summarized the research results of the specific mechanism of the active ingredients of Chinese medicines regulating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in recent years,and discussed the aspects of the active ingredients of Chinese medicines regulating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway to enhance the anti-tumor effect,in order to provide new research ideas for the anti-tumor treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and further improve the effectiveness of clinical anti-tumor treatment.

, authors=Chengzhi WANG1, Yifan LIU1, Xiaoqing ZHANG2, Gelei ZHAO1, Shan ZHANG1, Peimin LIU1, Dongdong LI1, authorsList=Chengzhi WANG, Yifan LIU, Xiaoqing ZHANG, Gelei ZHAO, Shan ZHANG, Peimin LIU, Dongdong LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Peimin LIU, Dongdong LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322923583667843698, articleId=1322923582686376558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=中药活性成分调控线粒体凋亡在抗肿瘤中的研究进展, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

恶性肿瘤的防治工作一直是全球肿瘤学者共同关注的热门话题。线粒体是一种可以调节肿瘤细胞内部代谢的关键细胞器,始终影响着肿瘤的发生发展。细胞凋亡是细胞维持自身内环境的重要调节机制,线粒体凋亡途径是促进细胞凋亡的主要途径之一,而诱导肿瘤细胞线粒体凋亡途径是抗肿瘤的重要靶点。研究发现,多种中药活性成分如黄酮类、内酯类、生物碱类、萜类、苷类以及醌类等可以通过调控磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(Phosphatidylin-ositol-3-kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Protein kinase B,AKT/PKB)、Toll样受体9(Toll-like receptors,TLR9)/髓样分化因子88(Myeloid differentiation primary response 88,MyD88)、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase,p38 MAPK)、细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(Extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2,ERK1/2)以及Notch/Janus激酶(Janus kinases,JAK)/信号转导子与转录激活因子(Signal transducers and activators of transcription,STAT)等信号通路,提高B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因相关的x基因(B cell lymphoma-2 associated X,Bax)、Bcl-2基因相关启动子(Bcl-2 associated death promoter,Bad)等促凋亡蛋白的表达,降低B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(B cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)、B淋巴细胞瘤-xL(B cell lymphoma-xl,Bcl-xL)等抑凋亡蛋白的表达,下调线粒体膜电位水平,增加线粒体膜通透性,释放大量凋亡因子,激活半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶(Cystein asparate protease,Caspase)级联反应,最终诱导肿瘤细胞内源性凋亡途径,抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖和侵袭。通过总结近年来中药活性成分调控线粒体凋亡途径具体作用机制的研究成果,从中药活性成分调控线粒体凋亡途径以增强抗肿瘤作用方面进行论述,以期为中医药抗肿瘤治疗提供新的研究思路,进一步提高临床抗肿瘤治疗的有效性。

, authors=王成志1, 刘一帆1, 张晓青2, 赵戈蕾1, 张山1, 刘培民1, 李东东1, authorsList=王成志, 刘一帆, 张晓青, 赵戈蕾, 张山, 刘培民, 李东东, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘培民, 李东东, authorNote=

王成志(1998-),男,河南驻马店人,硕士在读,研究方向:中医药防治恶性肿瘤的临床及基础。

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刘培民(1973-),男,山东枣庄人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治恶性肿瘤的临床及基础。E-mail:。
李东东(1989-),男,河南开封人,主治医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治恶性肿瘤的临床及基础。E-mail:。
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王成志(1998-),男,河南驻马店人,硕士在读,研究方向:中医药防治恶性肿瘤的临床及基础。

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王成志(1998-),男,河南驻马店人,硕士在读,研究方向:中医药防治恶性肿瘤的临床及基础。

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unstructuredReference=王海波,罗园园,冯心怡,等. 南蛇藤提取物通过破坏线粒体结构促进胃癌AGS细胞凋亡的机制[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志,2022,28(18):46-53., articleTitle=南蛇藤提取物通过破坏线粒体结构促进胃癌AGS细胞凋亡的机制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322923596791821031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923582686376558, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=26, issue=30, pageStart=4873, pageEnd=4878, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=58, authorNames=吴慧婷, 朱大诚, 徐笑明, journalName=中国组织工程研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴慧婷,朱大诚,徐笑明,等. 川楝子醇提物通过线粒体途径诱导白血病CEM细胞的凋亡[J]. 中国组织工程研究,2022,26(30):4873-4878., articleTitle=川楝子醇提物通过线粒体途径诱导白血病CEM细胞的凋亡, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322923590605222568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923582686376558, awardId=82204981, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(82204981), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322923590672331433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, 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journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923582686376558, language=CN, label=图1, caption=中药活性成分调控线粒体凋亡以抗肿瘤作用机制, figureFileSmall=xwvf2SNg2n1aYQA1p/0K0Q==, figureFileBig=N+8L8k5Ly1uOXoT7D5yJ8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322923590387118758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923582686376558, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类中药活性成分来源调控线粒体凋亡具体作用机制作用肿瘤参考文献
黄酮类丹参酮ⅡA丹参降低ATP含量和耗氧量,下调线粒体膜电位,提高Cyt C、TSPO、Caspase-3、Caspase-9表达肝癌[13]
姜黄素姜黄抑制Notch1信号通路,提高Bax、Caspase-3、Caspase-9表达,降低Bcl-2表达白血病[14]
姜黄素衍生物C086姜黄抑制PI3K-AKT通路,降低Bcl-2表达,提高Caspase-3、Bax、Cyt C表达肝癌[15]
丹皮酚牡丹皮提高Bax、Cyt C、cleaved Caspase-9表达,降低Bcl-2表达卵巢癌[16]
内酯类青蒿琥酯青蒿提高Bax表达,降低Bcl-2、Bcl-xL表达结直肠癌[17]
提高Bax、Caspase-3表达,下调Bcl-2表达胃癌[18]
穿心莲内酯脂质体穿心莲促进ROS产生,提高Caspase-3活性,破坏线粒体膜电位,降低BCl-2表达,提高Bax表达胃癌[19]
鸦胆子苦醇鸦胆子激活TLR9-MyD88信号通路,提高Bax表达,降低线粒体膜电位,促进Cyt C释放宫颈癌[20]
木香烃内酯木香提高Bax、Caspases-3、8、9表达,降低Bcl-2表达肝癌[21]
提高Bax、cleaved Caspase-3/7/9、表达,降低Bcl-2、pro-Caspase-3/7/9表达胃癌[22]
提高p53、Bax表达,降低Bcl-2表达,激活Caspase-3级联反应肺癌[23]
释放更多ROS,降低线粒体跨膜电位,改善Bcl-2/Bax比例骨肉瘤[24]
生物碱类苦参碱苦参调控Mst1-JNK信号通路,降低线粒体膜电位,提高Bax、Bad、Caspase-9表达肝癌[25]
降低ATP含量和线粒体膜电位水平,提高Cyt C、Bax、Caspase-9表达,降低Bcl-2表达结直肠癌[26]
降低Bcl-2表达,提高Bax和cleaved Caspase-3表达大肠癌[27]
抑制PINK1/Parkin信号通路活化,降低细胞线粒体膜电位,提高Bax表达,降低Bcl-2表达骨肉瘤[28]
防己诺林碱防己降低Bcl-2蛋表达,提高Bax、Caspase-3表达前列腺癌[29]
贝母素乙贝母阻断PI3K/AKT信号通路,提高Cyt C、Bax、cleaved-Caspase-3表达,降低Bcl-2表达乳腺癌[30]
盐酸青藤碱青风藤诱导Cyt C释放,导致线粒体膜电位损坏胃癌[31]
马钱子碱马钱子下调线粒体膜电位,改变线粒体结构,增加线粒体膜通透性,促进Cyt C释放结直肠癌[32]
小檗碱黄连抑制NF-κB信号通路,破坏线粒体功能,提高Caspase-3、Bax表达,降低Bcl-2表达淋巴瘤[33]
萜类雷公藤甲素雷公藤提高ROS、Bax、Caspase-3的表达,降低BCl-2表达肝癌[34]
冬凌草甲素冬凌草提高Cyt C、Bax表达,降低Bcl-2表达,提高Caspase-3、Caspase-9活性宫颈癌[35]
雷酚萜南蛇藤降低Bcl-2、Bcl-xL表达,提高Bax表达胃癌[36]
熊果酸夏枯草抑制CXCR12/CXCR4/CXCR7信号轴,提高Bax的表达,降低Bcl-2表达甲状腺癌[37]
过氧麦角甾醇灵芝促进ROS产生,提高Bax、Cyt C、Caspase-3/9表达,降低Bcl-2表达肝癌[38]
山楂酸山楂提高Bax、Caspase-3表达,降低Bcl-2表达宫颈癌[39]
土荆皮乙酸土荆皮提高Bax、Caspase-3和Caspase-9表达,降低Bcl-2表达食管癌[40]
提高Bax/Bcl-2比例,加快Caspase-3、PARP分裂肝癌[41]
蒲公英萜醇蒲公英通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路,提高Bax、Cyt C表达,降低Bcl-2表达宫颈癌、胃癌[42]
莪术醇莪术激活p38 MAPK信号通路,提高Cyt C、Bax、Cleaved-Caspase-3表达,降低Bcl-2表达舌癌[43]
甘草酸甘草降低线粒体膜电位,提高Caspase-3/8/9活性宫颈癌[44]
多糖类白术多糖白术降低Bcl-2表达,提高Cyt C、Bax、cleaved-Caspase3表达子宫内膜癌[45]
黄芪多糖黄芪降低线粒体膜电位,诱导Cyt C产生,提高Bax/Bcl-2比例,增加Caspase-9、Caspase-3表达胃癌[46]
红芪多糖红芪降低线粒体膜电位水平,提高Bax、cleaved PARP、cleaved Caspase-3、cleaved Caspase-9表达皮肤癌[47]
灵芝多糖灵芝降低Bcl-2表达,提高Caspase-3表达胃癌[48]
苷类重楼皂苷Ⅶ重楼激活PP2A/AKT信号通路,促进ROS产生,提高Cyt C、Bax表达,降低Bcl-2表达卵巢癌[49]
重楼皂苷A促进ROS产生,降低线粒体膜电位,下调pro-Caspase-9、pro-Caspase-3的表达,激活Caspase-9级联反应胃癌[50]
重楼皂苷Ⅱ提高Bax/Bcl-2比例,降低线粒体膜电位,提高cleaved Caspase 3和cleaved PARP表达骨肉瘤[51]
人参皂苷CK人参通过调控ERK1/2信号通路,降低线粒体膜电位,提高Bax、Cyt C和Cleaved Caspase-3表达,降低Bcl-2表达肝癌[52]
醌类大黄素大黄增加ROS产生、提高Ca2+表达,降低ATP含量,增加Caspase-3活性肝癌[53]
大黄酸抑制NOTCH/JAK/STAT信号通路,降低膜电位水平,提高Bax、Caspase-3表达,降低BCL-2表达胃癌[54]
其他南方红豆杉水提物南方红豆杉提高ROS、LDH和MDA含量,降低SOD活性,降线粒体膜电位以及Bcl-2表达,促进Caspase-3和Caspase-9活化口腔癌[55]
紫檀芪檀香促进ROS产生,降低线粒体膜电位,提高Apaf-1、AIF、Bax、Cyt C、cleaved Caspase-3/9表达,降低Bcl-2表达结直肠癌[56]
蒲公英根提取物蒲公英破坏细胞线粒体膜电位,激活Caspase-3/9,降低Bcl-2表达乳腺癌[57]
南蛇藤提取物南蛇藤提高SOD1表达,降低VDAC、PHB1、HSP60表达,破坏线粒体结构,损伤线粒体包膜,加速Cyt C释放胃癌[58]
川楝子醇提物川楝子提高Bax、Cyt C、Caspase-9和Caspase-3表达,降低Bcl-2表达白血病[59]
), ArticleFig(id=1322923590496170663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923582686376558, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中药活性成分调控线粒体凋亡抗肿瘤作用机制总结

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分类中药活性成分来源调控线粒体凋亡具体作用机制作用肿瘤参考文献
黄酮类丹参酮ⅡA丹参降低ATP含量和耗氧量,下调线粒体膜电位,提高Cyt C、TSPO、Caspase-3、Caspase-9表达肝癌[13]
姜黄素姜黄抑制Notch1信号通路,提高Bax、Caspase-3、Caspase-9表达,降低Bcl-2表达白血病[14]
姜黄素衍生物C086姜黄抑制PI3K-AKT通路,降低Bcl-2表达,提高Caspase-3、Bax、Cyt C表达肝癌[15]
丹皮酚牡丹皮提高Bax、Cyt C、cleaved Caspase-9表达,降低Bcl-2表达卵巢癌[16]
内酯类青蒿琥酯青蒿提高Bax表达,降低Bcl-2、Bcl-xL表达结直肠癌[17]
提高Bax、Caspase-3表达,下调Bcl-2表达胃癌[18]
穿心莲内酯脂质体穿心莲促进ROS产生,提高Caspase-3活性,破坏线粒体膜电位,降低BCl-2表达,提高Bax表达胃癌[19]
鸦胆子苦醇鸦胆子激活TLR9-MyD88信号通路,提高Bax表达,降低线粒体膜电位,促进Cyt C释放宫颈癌[20]
木香烃内酯木香提高Bax、Caspases-3、8、9表达,降低Bcl-2表达肝癌[21]
提高Bax、cleaved Caspase-3/7/9、表达,降低Bcl-2、pro-Caspase-3/7/9表达胃癌[22]
提高p53、Bax表达,降低Bcl-2表达,激活Caspase-3级联反应肺癌[23]
释放更多ROS,降低线粒体跨膜电位,改善Bcl-2/Bax比例骨肉瘤[24]
生物碱类苦参碱苦参调控Mst1-JNK信号通路,降低线粒体膜电位,提高Bax、Bad、Caspase-9表达肝癌[25]
降低ATP含量和线粒体膜电位水平,提高Cyt C、Bax、Caspase-9表达,降低Bcl-2表达结直肠癌[26]
降低Bcl-2表达,提高Bax和cleaved Caspase-3表达大肠癌[27]
抑制PINK1/Parkin信号通路活化,降低细胞线粒体膜电位,提高Bax表达,降低Bcl-2表达骨肉瘤[28]
防己诺林碱防己降低Bcl-2蛋表达,提高Bax、Caspase-3表达前列腺癌[29]
贝母素乙贝母阻断PI3K/AKT信号通路,提高Cyt C、Bax、cleaved-Caspase-3表达,降低Bcl-2表达乳腺癌[30]
盐酸青藤碱青风藤诱导Cyt C释放,导致线粒体膜电位损坏胃癌[31]
马钱子碱马钱子下调线粒体膜电位,改变线粒体结构,增加线粒体膜通透性,促进Cyt C释放结直肠癌[32]
小檗碱黄连抑制NF-κB信号通路,破坏线粒体功能,提高Caspase-3、Bax表达,降低Bcl-2表达淋巴瘤[33]
萜类雷公藤甲素雷公藤提高ROS、Bax、Caspase-3的表达,降低BCl-2表达肝癌[34]
冬凌草甲素冬凌草提高Cyt C、Bax表达,降低Bcl-2表达,提高Caspase-3、Caspase-9活性宫颈癌[35]
雷酚萜南蛇藤降低Bcl-2、Bcl-xL表达,提高Bax表达胃癌[36]
熊果酸夏枯草抑制CXCR12/CXCR4/CXCR7信号轴,提高Bax的表达,降低Bcl-2表达甲状腺癌[37]
过氧麦角甾醇灵芝促进ROS产生,提高Bax、Cyt C、Caspase-3/9表达,降低Bcl-2表达肝癌[38]
山楂酸山楂提高Bax、Caspase-3表达,降低Bcl-2表达宫颈癌[39]
土荆皮乙酸土荆皮提高Bax、Caspase-3和Caspase-9表达,降低Bcl-2表达食管癌[40]
提高Bax/Bcl-2比例,加快Caspase-3、PARP分裂肝癌[41]
蒲公英萜醇蒲公英通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路,提高Bax、Cyt C表达,降低Bcl-2表达宫颈癌、胃癌[42]
莪术醇莪术激活p38 MAPK信号通路,提高Cyt C、Bax、Cleaved-Caspase-3表达,降低Bcl-2表达舌癌[43]
甘草酸甘草降低线粒体膜电位,提高Caspase-3/8/9活性宫颈癌[44]
多糖类白术多糖白术降低Bcl-2表达,提高Cyt C、Bax、cleaved-Caspase3表达子宫内膜癌[45]
黄芪多糖黄芪降低线粒体膜电位,诱导Cyt C产生,提高Bax/Bcl-2比例,增加Caspase-9、Caspase-3表达胃癌[46]
红芪多糖红芪降低线粒体膜电位水平,提高Bax、cleaved PARP、cleaved Caspase-3、cleaved Caspase-9表达皮肤癌[47]
灵芝多糖灵芝降低Bcl-2表达,提高Caspase-3表达胃癌[48]
苷类重楼皂苷Ⅶ重楼激活PP2A/AKT信号通路,促进ROS产生,提高Cyt C、Bax表达,降低Bcl-2表达卵巢癌[49]
重楼皂苷A促进ROS产生,降低线粒体膜电位,下调pro-Caspase-9、pro-Caspase-3的表达,激活Caspase-9级联反应胃癌[50]
重楼皂苷Ⅱ提高Bax/Bcl-2比例,降低线粒体膜电位,提高cleaved Caspase 3和cleaved PARP表达骨肉瘤[51]
人参皂苷CK人参通过调控ERK1/2信号通路,降低线粒体膜电位,提高Bax、Cyt C和Cleaved Caspase-3表达,降低Bcl-2表达肝癌[52]
醌类大黄素大黄增加ROS产生、提高Ca2+表达,降低ATP含量,增加Caspase-3活性肝癌[53]
大黄酸抑制NOTCH/JAK/STAT信号通路,降低膜电位水平,提高Bax、Caspase-3表达,降低BCL-2表达胃癌[54]
其他南方红豆杉水提物南方红豆杉提高ROS、LDH和MDA含量,降低SOD活性,降线粒体膜电位以及Bcl-2表达,促进Caspase-3和Caspase-9活化口腔癌[55]
紫檀芪檀香促进ROS产生,降低线粒体膜电位,提高Apaf-1、AIF、Bax、Cyt C、cleaved Caspase-3/9表达,降低Bcl-2表达结直肠癌[56]
蒲公英根提取物蒲公英破坏细胞线粒体膜电位,激活Caspase-3/9,降低Bcl-2表达乳腺癌[57]
南蛇藤提取物南蛇藤提高SOD1表达,降低VDAC、PHB1、HSP60表达,破坏线粒体结构,损伤线粒体包膜,加速Cyt C释放胃癌[58]
川楝子醇提物川楝子提高Bax、Cyt C、Caspase-9和Caspase-3表达,降低Bcl-2表达白血病[59]
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中药活性成分调控线粒体凋亡在抗肿瘤中的研究进展
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王成志 1 , 刘一帆 1 , 张晓青 2 , 赵戈蕾 1 , 张山 1 , 刘培民 1 , 李东东 1
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(5): 99-104
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (5) : 99 -104
中药活性成分调控线粒体凋亡在抗肿瘤中的研究进展
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王成志(1998-),男,河南驻马店人,硕士在读,研究方向:中医药防治恶性肿瘤的临床及基础。

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王成志(1998-),男,河南驻马店人,硕士在读,研究方向:中医药防治恶性肿瘤的临床及基础。

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王成志1, 刘一帆1, 张晓青2, 赵戈蕾1, 张山1, 刘培民1 , 李东东1
作者信息
  • 1.河南中医药大学第二附属医院,河南 郑州 450002
  • 2.郑州大学第一附属医院,河南 郑州 450052
通讯作者:
刘培民(1973-),男,山东枣庄人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治恶性肿瘤的临床及基础。E-mail:。
李东东(1989-),男,河南开封人,主治医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治恶性肿瘤的临床及基础。E-mail:。
作者简介:

王成志(1998-),男,河南驻马店人,硕士在读,研究方向:中医药防治恶性肿瘤的临床及基础。

Research Progress of Active Ingredients of Chinese Medicines Regulating Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Anti-Tumor
Chengzhi WANG1, Yifan LIU1, Xiaoqing ZHANG2, Gelei ZHAO1, Shan ZHANG1, Peimin LIU1 , Dongdong LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China
  • 2.The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450052,Henan,China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.021
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恶性肿瘤的防治工作一直是全球肿瘤学者共同关注的热门话题。线粒体是一种可以调节肿瘤细胞内部代谢的关键细胞器,始终影响着肿瘤的发生发展。细胞凋亡是细胞维持自身内环境的重要调节机制,线粒体凋亡途径是促进细胞凋亡的主要途径之一,而诱导肿瘤细胞线粒体凋亡途径是抗肿瘤的重要靶点。研究发现,多种中药活性成分如黄酮类、内酯类、生物碱类、萜类、苷类以及醌类等可以通过调控磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(Phosphatidylin-ositol-3-kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Protein kinase B,AKT/PKB)、Toll样受体9(Toll-like receptors,TLR9)/髓样分化因子88(Myeloid differentiation primary response 88,MyD88)、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase,p38 MAPK)、细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(Extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2,ERK1/2)以及Notch/Janus激酶(Janus kinases,JAK)/信号转导子与转录激活因子(Signal transducers and activators of transcription,STAT)等信号通路,提高B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因相关的x基因(B cell lymphoma-2 associated X,Bax)、Bcl-2基因相关启动子(Bcl-2 associated death promoter,Bad)等促凋亡蛋白的表达,降低B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(B cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)、B淋巴细胞瘤-xL(B cell lymphoma-xl,Bcl-xL)等抑凋亡蛋白的表达,下调线粒体膜电位水平,增加线粒体膜通透性,释放大量凋亡因子,激活半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶(Cystein asparate protease,Caspase)级联反应,最终诱导肿瘤细胞内源性凋亡途径,抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖和侵袭。通过总结近年来中药活性成分调控线粒体凋亡途径具体作用机制的研究成果,从中药活性成分调控线粒体凋亡途径以增强抗肿瘤作用方面进行论述,以期为中医药抗肿瘤治疗提供新的研究思路,进一步提高临床抗肿瘤治疗的有效性。

中药活性成分  /  线粒体  /  细胞凋亡  /  机制研究

The prevention and treatment of malignant tumors has always been a hot topic for oncologists around the world. Mitochondrion is a key organelle that can regulate the internal metabolism of tumor cells and always affect the occurrence and development of tumors. Apoptosis is an important regulatory mechanism for cells to maintain their internal environment. Mitochondrial apoptosis pathway is one of the main pathways to promote apoptosis,and the induction of mitochondrial apoptosis in tumor cells is an important target for anti-tumor. Studies have shown that the active ingredients of many Chinese medicines,such as flavonoids,lactones,alkaloids,terpenoids,glycosides and quinones,can increase the expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bax,Bad and Bim,and decrease the expressions of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL,down-regulate the mitochondrial membrane potential level,increase the permeability of mitochondrial membrane,release a large number of apoptotic factors,activate the Caspase cascade reaction,and finally induce the endogenous apoptotic pathway of tumor cells,and inhibit the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells by regulating PI3K/AKT,TLR9/MyD88,p38 MAPK,ERK1/2,Notch/JAK/STAT and other signaling pathways. This article summarized the research results of the specific mechanism of the active ingredients of Chinese medicines regulating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in recent years,and discussed the aspects of the active ingredients of Chinese medicines regulating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway to enhance the anti-tumor effect,in order to provide new research ideas for the anti-tumor treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and further improve the effectiveness of clinical anti-tumor treatment.

active ingredients of Chinese medicines  /  mitochondria  /  apoptosis  /  mechanistic studies
王成志, 刘一帆, 张晓青, 赵戈蕾, 张山, 刘培民, 李东东. 中药活性成分调控线粒体凋亡在抗肿瘤中的研究进展. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (5) : 99 -104 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.021
Chengzhi WANG, Yifan LIU, Xiaoqing ZHANG, Gelei ZHAO, Shan ZHANG, Peimin LIU, Dongdong LI. Research Progress of Active Ingredients of Chinese Medicines Regulating Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Anti-Tumor[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (5) : 99 -104 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.021
全球癌症统计报告最新数据显示,恶性肿瘤的发病率和死亡率呈现逐年增加趋势,已成为威胁全球范围内人类健康的主要因素[1]。由于巨大的人口基数,我国恶性肿瘤发病率和死亡率均远超过世界平均水平,严重危害我国人民的生命健康,给我国公共卫生事业带来了沉重的负担[2]。常规的放化疗、免疫治疗、靶向治疗等抗肿瘤治疗手段,在一定程度上可以提高肿瘤患者的生存期,但同时也存在着明显的不良反应,不利于肿瘤患者生活质量的提高和预后的改善。因此,寻找一种有效的新型抗肿瘤治疗手段已成为全球范围内的肿瘤学者最为关心的话题。线粒体是一种由原核生物α-变形菌进化而来的、直径在0.5~1.0μm、可以存在于大多数真核细胞中的多功能性的细胞器,其主要结构包括外膜、内膜、膜间隙、膜嵴等[3-4]。细胞凋亡是一种机体为自身环境稳定,在基因调控下发生的自主的、有序的死亡方式,其主要受到细胞促凋亡蛋白和细胞抑凋亡蛋白之间平衡关系的影响[5]。目前,调控细胞凋亡途径被认为是抗肿瘤治疗的有效方式之一,而靶向线粒体凋亡途径以抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖和转移已成为开展抗肿瘤治疗相关研究的热门领域[6]。
线粒体存在于大多数细胞中,是细胞内极微小的细胞器,通常以ATP的形式生产机体所需能量。作为调节机体细胞代谢和能量转化的重要细胞器,线粒体可以影响细胞的生长和灭亡,保证细胞内部稳态环境,对细胞生存与否具有决定性作用[7]。稳定的线粒体膜电位可以维持细胞的正常功能,但由于线粒体外膜通透性增加就会导致线粒体膜两侧电荷分布不均,进而引发细胞凋亡反应[8]。研究表明,线粒体介导的内源性凋亡和死亡受体介导的外源性凋亡是诱导细胞凋亡的两种主要途径[9]。其中线粒体凋亡途径最为常见,该途径主要是由于细胞内氧气含量下降、Ca+离子浓度增加、DNA结构破坏、细胞营养减少等,从而引起B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)相关X蛋白(Bcl-2 associated X protein,Bax)和Bcl-2蛋白拮抗剂(Bcl-2 antagonist/killer,Bak)等表达水平的改变,并降低线粒体膜电位水平,继而打开线粒体通透性转换孔(Mitochondrial permeability transition pore,mPTP),增加线粒体外膜通透性,释放更多的细胞色素C(Cytochrome c,Cyt C)到胞质内,与凋亡蛋白酶激活因子-1(Apoptotic protease activating factor-1,Apaf-1)和半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-9(Cystein asparate protease-9,Caspase-9)等结合形成凋亡小体,并引发Caspase级联反应,最终诱导细胞凋亡[10-12]。
中医药以整体观和辨证论治的治疗原则,在抗肿瘤综合治疗中应用广泛,疗效肯定,而中药活性成分具有多靶点、多通路、多层次的抗肿瘤活性,研究发现,多种中药活性成分如黄酮类、内酯类、生物碱类、萜类、多糖类、苷类、醌类以及一些中草药提取物等可以通过破坏线粒体内膜结构,降低线粒体膜电位水平,增加线粒体包膜通透性,调节促凋亡/抑凋亡等相关蛋白的表达水平,促进凋亡相关因子的释放,从而激活线粒体内源性凋亡途径,抑制肿瘤细胞的生长和转移,提高抗肿瘤治疗的有效性。作用机制见插页ⅩⅩⅦ图1、表1。
丹参酮ⅡA(TanshinoneⅡA,TANⅡA)是中草药丹参的黄酮类活性成分,研究表明,TanⅡA可以降低肝癌HepG2细胞内ATP含量和耗氧量,下调线粒体膜电位,进而促使Cyt C转移到胞质内,提高跨位点蛋白(Translocator Protein,TSPO)、Caspase-3、Caspase-9的表达,最终诱导HepG2细胞发生凋亡[13]。姜黄素(Curcumine,CUR)是一种主要来自中药姜黄的黄酮类活性成分,徐征等[14]研究发现,CUR可以降低人T淋巴细胞白血病Molt-4细胞内Notch1和HES1蛋白表达,进而抑制Notch1信号通路,降低线粒体膜电位,提高Bax、Caspase-3和Caspase-9蛋白表达,降低Bcl-2蛋白表达,最终诱导Molt-4细胞发生凋亡。有研究表明,姜黄素衍生物-4(4-甲基-3氧基苯甲基,C086)可以通过抑制磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(Phosphatidylin-ositol-3-kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Protein kinase B,AKT/PKB)信号通路,下调肝癌HepG2细胞线粒体膜电位,增加线粒体通透性,提高Caspase-3、Bax和Cyt C等的表达,降低Bcl-2蛋白表达,最终诱导肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡[15]。丹皮酚(Paeonol,PAE)是从中药牡丹皮中提取的黄酮类化合物,牛琴等[16]研究证实,PAE可呈剂量依赖性地提高Bax、cleaved Caspase-9的表达,并增加凋亡诱导因子Cyt C、AIF的表达,降低Bcl-2的表达,最终诱导卵巢癌SKOV3细胞凋亡。
青蒿琥酯(Artesunate,ART)是青蒿素的半合成衍生物,属于倍半萜内酯类活性成分,JIANG F等[17]研究证实,ART联合5-氟尿嘧啶可以提高结直肠癌HCT116细胞内Bax、PARP的表达,降低Bcl-2、Bcl-xL蛋白的表达,从而诱导线粒体凋亡途径,抑制HCT116细胞的增殖。陈乐彤等[18]也研究发现,ART可以降低胃癌SGC-7901细胞线粒体膜电位水平,提高Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达,下调Bcl-2蛋白表达,从而诱导线粒体凋亡,抑制SGC-7901细胞的增殖和转移。穿心莲内酯(Andrographolide,AP)是穿心莲中的一种二萜内酯类化合物,安丽丽等[19]研究发现,穿心莲内酯TPPPEG-PE脂质体(AP@TPP-PEG-PE#Lips)可以促进胃癌SGC7901细胞内ROS大量产生,破坏线粒体膜电位,降低BCl-2蛋白表达,提高Bax蛋白表达,提高Caspase-3活性,最终诱导线粒体凋亡反应,抑制SGC7901细胞的生长。鸦胆子苦醇(Brusatol,BRU)是中药鸦胆子中提取的内酯类活性成分,研究发现,BRU通过激活Toll样受体9(Toll-like receptors,TLR9)/髓样分化因子88(Myeloid differentiation primary response 88,MyD88)信号通路,提高Bax蛋白表达,改善Bax/Bcl-2比例,降低线粒体膜电位,促进Cyt C释放,激活Caspase-3、Caspase-9表达,从而诱导宫颈癌Hela细胞凋亡[20]。木香烃内酯(Costunolide,COS)是一种从木香提取的内酯类化合物,MAOJX等[21]研究证明,COS可以通过提高Bax、Caspases-3、8、9的表达,降低Bcl-2的表达,从而诱导线粒体凋亡反应,抑制肝癌HepG2细胞的增殖。YAN Z P等[22]研究发现COS可以提高Bax、cleaved Caspase-9、cleaved Caspase-7、cleaved Caspase-3的表达,降低Bcl-2、pro-Caspase-9、pro-Caspase-7、pro-Caspase-3和PARP的表达,进而激活线粒体凋亡途径,抑制胃腺癌BGC-823细胞生长。HUA P Y等[23]研究发现COS可以通过提高Bax的表达,降低Bcl-2的表达,并激活Caspase-3级联反应,从而诱导线粒体凋亡途径,抑制肺鳞癌SK-MES-1细胞的转移。ZHANG C等[24]研究发现COS可以释放更多ROS,降低线粒体膜电位,改善Bcl-2/Bax比例,产生大量Cyt C,激活Caspase级联反应,从而诱导骨肉瘤U2OS细胞凋亡。
苦参碱(Matrine,MAT)是提取自中药苦参根部的生物碱类活性成分,CAO J等[25]研究发现,MAT通过调控Mst1-JNK信号通路,降低肝癌HepG2细胞线粒体膜电位,激发氧化应激反应,并提高HepG2细胞内Bax、Bcl-2基因相关启动子(Bcl-2 associated death promoter,Bad)、Caspase-9的表达,从而促使HepG2细胞凋亡。ZHANG Y W 等[26]研究发现,MAT可以降低结肠癌SW480细胞内ATP含量和线粒体膜电位水平,促进ROS大量产生,提高Bax、Caspase-9表达,降低Bcl-2、Survivin表达,促进Cyt C释放,最终诱导SW480细胞凋亡。GU Y Y等[27]研究发现,MAT可呈时间和剂量依赖性地降低Bcl-2的表达,提高Bax和cleaved Caspase-3表达,进而激活线粒体凋亡途径,抑制大肠癌LS174T、Caco-2、SW1116和RKO细胞的增殖。姬健钧等[28]在一项关于骨肉瘤MG63细胞的研究中发现,氧化苦参碱可以通过抑制PINK1/Parkin信号通路活化,降低细胞线粒体膜电位,提高Bax的表达,降低Bcl-2的表达,诱导MG63细胞凋亡。防己诺林碱(Fangchinoline,FAN)是中药防己中的一种生物碱类化合物,研究表明,FAN可以降低Bcl-2蛋白表达,提高Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达,促进凋亡蛋白穿过线粒体包膜,进而诱导前列腺癌PC3细胞凋亡[29]。易念等[30]研究发现,贝母素乙(Peiminine,PEI)通过阻断PI3K/AKT信号通路,提高Bax、cleaved-Caspase-3的表达,降低Bcl-2的表达,下调线粒体膜电位,增加细胞内Cyt C的产生,最终诱导线粒体凋亡途径,抑制乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的增殖。青藤碱是从中药青风藤中提取出来的一种生物碱活性成分,而盐酸青藤碱(Sinomenine hydrochloride,SIN)是青藤碱的水溶性盐酸盐物质,王新等[31]研究发现SIN可以呈浓度剂量依赖性地诱导人胃癌BGC-823细胞线粒体凋亡因子Cyt C向胞质释放,导致线粒体膜电位损坏,从而激活Caspase级联反应,诱导线粒体凋亡,抑制BGC-823细胞的生长。杨珍等[32]研究表明,马钱子碱(Brucine,Bru)可以下调线粒体膜电位水平,改变线粒体结构,增加线粒体膜通透性,促进Cyt C从线粒体向胞质释放,最终诱导结肠癌HT-29细胞凋亡。小檗碱(Berberine,BBR)是一种提取自中药黄连的生物碱活性成分,研究发现,BBR可通过抑制NFκB信号通路活性,破坏线粒体功能,提高Caspase-3和Bax的表达,降低Bcl-2的表达,最终引起淋巴瘤Jurkat细胞凋亡,抑制其生长和转移[33]。
雷公藤甲素(Triptolide,TR)是来自雷公藤的二萜类活性成分,王锋等[34]研究发现,雷公藤甲素TPP-PEGPCL脂质体(Tr@TPP/Lip)可以提高肝癌SMMC-7721细胞内ROS、Caspase-3的表达,降低线粒体膜Zeta电位,提高Bax的表达,降低Bcl-2的表达,诱导SMMC-7721细胞凋亡反应。冬凌草甲素(Oridonin,ORI)是来自冬凌草的一种二萜类化合物,研究发现,ORI可以显著提高宫颈癌HeLa细胞内Cyt C、Bax表达,降低Bcl-2表达,并提高Caspase-3、Caspase-9活性,最终诱导HeLa细胞凋亡[35]。雷酚萜(Triptonoterpene,TRI)是一种来自南蛇藤的二萜类化合物,欧诗雅等[36]研究发现,TRI可以显著降低Bcl-2、B淋巴细胞瘤-xL(B cell lymphoma-xl,Bcl-xL)的表达,提高Bax的表达,激活Caspase-3级联反应,进而诱导线粒体凋亡途径,抑制胃癌BGC-823细胞的生长。熊果酸(Ursolic Acid,UA)是一种主要来自中药夏枯草的五环三萜类化合物,研究发现,UA可以抑制CXCR12/CXCR4/CXCR7信号轴的活性,提高人甲状腺乳头状癌TPC-1细胞内Ca2+的表达水平,降低Bcl-2的表达,提高Bax的表达,导致细胞膜电位下降、膜通透性增高,释放更多Cyt C,激活Caspase-3反应,最终诱导TPC-1细胞线粒体凋亡[37]。过氧麦角甾醇(Ergosterol peroxide,EP)是一种来自中药灵芝的五环三萜类化合物,王璐等[38]研究发现,过氧麦角甾醇可以促进ROS大量产生,降低线粒体膜电位,从而提高Bax、Cyt C、Caspase-3和Caspase-9等的表达,降低Bcl-2的表达,最终诱导肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡。山楂酸(Maslinic acid,MAS)是一种来自山楂的五环三萜酸类活性成分,张潇迪等[39]研究发现,MAS可以降低宫颈癌HeLa细胞中Bcl-2蛋白表达,提高Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达,提高胞质内Cyt C蛋白表达,从而诱导线粒体凋亡,抑制He La细胞的生长和侵袭。土荆皮乙酸(Pseudolaric acid B,PAB)是中药土荆皮中的二萜类活性成分,YIN Z等[40]研究发现,PAB可以提高Bax、Caspase-3和Caspase-9的表达,降低Bcl-2的表达,激活Caspase反应,从而诱导食管鳞癌TE-1、ECA-109、KYSE410和KYSE520细胞凋亡。此外,ZHANG H等[41]研究发现,PAB可以提高肝癌HepG2细胞Bax/Bcl-2比例,加快Caspase-3和PARP裂解,并降低凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin的表达,最终诱导HepG2细胞凋亡。蒲公英萜醇(Taraxerol,TAR)是来自蒲公英的三萜类活性成分,在一项关于宫颈癌He La细胞和胃癌NCI-N87细胞的研究中,HUO B J等[42]发现,TAR可以通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路,提高Bax的表达,降低Bcl-2的表达,诱导Cyt C大量产生、激活Caspase-9反应,最终诱导宫颈癌He La细胞和胃癌NCI-N87细胞凋亡。张培等[43]研究发现,莪术醇通过激活p38 MAPK信号通路,提高Bax、Cleaved-Caspase-3蛋白表达,降低Bcl-2蛋白表达,并下调线粒体膜电位,促进Cyt C向细胞质内释放,最终诱导舌鳞癌Tca-8113细胞凋亡。甘草酸(Glycyrrhizic acid,GL)是来自甘草根部的一种三萜类化合物,研究发现,GL可以呈现剂量依赖性地降低破坏宫颈癌He La细胞内线粒体膜电位,提高Caspase-3、Caspase-8、Caspase-9的活性,诱导线粒体凋亡途径,抑制颈癌He La细胞的增殖和侵袭[44]。
白术多糖(Polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala,PAM)是来自中药白术的主要活性成分之一,研究发现,PAM可降低子宫内膜癌RL95-2细胞内Bcl-2蛋白表达,提高Bax、cleaved-Caspase-3蛋白表达,促使线粒体中Cyt C大量释放,最终诱导RL95-2细胞凋亡[45]。黄芪多糖(Astragalus polysaccharide,APS)是黄芪发挥抗癌作用的一种多糖活性成分,SONG J等[46]研究表明,APS可以降低胃癌SGC-7901细胞内线粒体膜电位,诱导Cyt C产生,提高Bax/Bcl-2比例,增加Caspase-9、Caspase-3的表达,最终激活线粒体凋亡反应,抑制SGC-7901细胞的增殖和侵袭。红芪多糖(Hedysarum polybotrys polysacchcaide,HPS)是中药红芪的多糖活性成分,鲁青莲等[47]研究表明,HPS可以显著降低皮肤鳞状细胞癌SCL-1细胞线粒体膜电位水平,提高Bax、Cleaved PARP、Cleaved Caspase-3、Cleaved Caspase-9的表达,释放更多的Cyt C、Smac,进而诱导凋亡反应,抑制皮肤鳞癌细胞增殖速率。灵芝多糖(Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide,GLP)是来自灵芝的多糖成分,ZHONG JY等[48]研究表明,GLP可以降低胃癌AGS细胞内抑凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达,激活Caspase-3级联反应,从而诱导GC细胞凋亡。
重楼皂苷Ⅶ(PolyphyllinⅦ,PPⅦ)是传统中药重楼的皂苷类活性成分,赵刘碧琦[49]发现PPⅦ通过激活PP2A/AKT信号通路,促进ROS大量产生,下调线粒体膜电位,提高Bax的表达,降低Bcl-2的表达,释放Cyt C到胞浆中,激活Caspase 3裂解,从而诱导线粒体凋亡,抑制卵巢癌A2780、SKOV3细胞的增殖和侵袭。张亮等[50]研究表明,重楼皂苷A(Polyphyllin A,PPA)可以明显促进ROS产生,降低线粒体膜电位,提高PARP表达,下调pro-Caspase-9和pro-Caspase-3的表达,激活Caspase-9级联反应,最终诱导胃癌SGC7901、MGC803细胞凋亡,且这种凋亡反应与重楼皂苷A的浓度呈正相关。重楼皂苷Ⅱ(PolyphyllinⅡ,PPⅡ)可以提高Bax/Bcl-2蛋白表达比例,降低线粒体膜电位,促使cleaved Caspase-3和cleaved PARP过高表达,最终诱导骨肉瘤OS细胞内源性凋亡途径,抑制骨肉瘤的进展[51]。赵嘉琪等[52]研究发现,人参皂苷(Compound K,CK)通过调控细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(Extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2,ERK1/2)信号通路,降低线粒体膜电位水平,提高Bax、Cyt C和Cleaved Caspase-3的表达,降低Bcl-2的表达,从而诱导肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡。
大黄素(Emodin,EMO)是来自中药大黄的一种蒽醌类化合物,有研究发现,EMO可以增加肝癌HepG2细胞内ROS的产生、提高Ca2+表达,降低ATP含量,进而促使线粒体通透转运孔开放,增加Caspase-3活性,下调细胞线粒体膜电位,导致Cyt C外流,最终诱导肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡反应[53]。陈懿婷等[54]研究发现,大黄酸(Rhein,RHE)可以通过抑制Notch/Janus激酶(Janus kinases,JAK)/信号转导子与转录激活因子(Signal transducers and activators of transcription,STAT)信号通路,降低胃癌HGC-27细胞线粒体膜电位,提高Bax、Caspase-3的表达,降低Bcl-2的表达,进而激活线粒体凋亡途径,诱导HGC-27细胞凋亡、抑制其增殖。
南方红豆杉水提物(Aqueous extract of Taxus Chinensis var. Mairei,AETC)是南方红豆杉中发挥抗癌作用的主要活性成分,研究发现,AETC可以提高口腔鳞癌CAL27细胞中ROS、LDH和MDA含量,降低SOD活性,下调线粒体膜电位,降低Bcl-2的表达,促进Caspase-3和Caspase-9活化,从而诱导CAL27细胞凋亡[55]。紫檀芪(Pterostilbene,PTS)是白藜芦醇的一种甲基化衍生物,研究发现,PTS可以促进结直肠癌SW480、HCT116、DLD-1细胞内ROS大量产生,降低细胞内线粒体膜电位,提高Apaf-1、AIF、Bax、Cyt C、cleaved Caspase-3和cleaved Caspase-9的表达,降低Bcl-2、PCNA和survivin的表达,从而诱导SW480、HCT116、DLD-1细胞凋亡[56]。陈子涵等[57]研究表明,蒲公英根提取物可以破坏三阴性乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞线粒体膜电位,提高Bax的表达,降低Bcl-2蛋白的表达,从而激活Caspase-3、Caspase-9级联反应,诱导MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡。南蛇藤提取物(Celastrus orbiculatus extract,COE)是来自中药南蛇藤的一种乙酸乙酯化合物,王海波等[58]研究发现,COE可以提高胃癌AGS细胞线粒体应激蛋白SOD1的表达,降低线粒体膜通透性、稳定性以及膜电位水平,提高Bax、Caspase-3的表达,降低Bcl-2、Bcl-xL的表达,加快Cyt C释放,最终促进AGS细胞凋亡。川楝子醇提物可以提高人白血病CEM细胞线粒体内Bax、Cyt C、Caspase-9和Caspase-3的表达,降低Bcl-2蛋白表达,进而激活线粒体凋亡,抑制CEM细胞的增殖,并呈现浓度和时间依赖性[59]。
恶性肿瘤疾病的高发病率和高病死率,使其成为危害人群健康的第一杀手。靶向线粒体凋亡途径抗肿瘤治疗是一种具有较大潜力的新型抗肿瘤手段。多种中药活性成分如黄酮类、内酯类、生物碱类、萜类、多糖类、苷类以及醌类等可以提高促凋亡蛋白的表达、降低抑凋亡蛋白的表达,破坏肿瘤细胞线粒体膜电位,增加线粒体膜通透性,产生更多的促凋亡因子,并提高Caspase-3、Caspase-8、Caspase-9的活性,激活Caspase级联反应,最终诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖和侵袭。尽管中药活性成分调节线粒体凋亡抗肿瘤作用的相关研究取得了一定成果,但仍存在一些问题:①目前关于中药活性成分调控线粒体凋亡的相关研究仍以细胞实验为主,缺乏大量临床数据的验证和支持;②大多数中药活性成分较复杂,药理活性缺乏稳定性,生物利用度及纯度水平低,相关机理研究开展仍较为困难;③线粒体凋亡途径是细胞凋亡的主要内源性凋亡途径,而中药活性成分调节线粒体凋亡途径以发挥抗肿瘤作用并不是其发挥抗肿瘤作用的全部机理,其可能涉及其他环节的作用。因此,今后关于中药活性成分调控线粒体凋亡途径以抗肿瘤治疗的相关研究应在提升提取和纯化技术、深入探究具体信号通路的同时,主要以临床为导向,提高临床应用度,广泛开展大量临床研究,提供更多临床数据的支持和验证,为临床抗肿瘤治疗新药研发提供坚实的理论依据,提高中医药在抗肿瘤治疗临床方面的有效性和安全性。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82204981)
  • 河南省特色骨干学科中医学学科建设项目(STG-ZYX06-202145)
  • 河南省中医药科学研究专项(2021JDZX2002; 2021ZY2115)
  • 河南省中医院博士科研基金项目(2022BSJJ07; 2023BSJJ02)
  • 河南中医药大学研究生科研创新能力提升计划项目(2022KYCX057; 2023KYCX043; 2023KYCX051)
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2025年第43卷第5期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.021
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82204981)
河南省特色骨干学科中医学学科建设项目(STG-ZYX06-202145)
河南省中医药科学研究专项(2021JDZX2002; 2021ZY2115)
河南省中医院博士科研基金项目(2022BSJJ07; 2023BSJJ02)
河南中医药大学研究生科研创新能力提升计划项目(2022KYCX057; 2023KYCX043; 2023KYCX051)
作者信息
    1.河南中医药大学第二附属医院,河南 郑州 450002
    2.郑州大学第一附属医院,河南 郑州 450052

通讯作者:

刘培民(1973-),男,山东枣庄人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治恶性肿瘤的临床及基础。E-mail:。
李东东(1989-),男,河南开封人,主治医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治恶性肿瘤的临床及基础。E-mail:。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zhzyyxk/CN/10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.021
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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