Article(id=1322923546594386042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923490592043032, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339152238, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339152238, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339152238, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339152238, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322923490592043032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1746806400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339138887, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340572227, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929502539612595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923490592043032, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929502539612596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923490592043032, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=28, endPage=31, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322923546812489851, articleId=1322923546594386042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Study on Gut Microbiota of Rats with Ulcerative Colitis Treated with Ganfei Bingzhi Formula(肝肺并治方), columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To study the effectof Ganfei Bingzhi Formula(肝肺并治方)on gutmicrobiota of ratswith ulcerative colitis.

Method

Thirty SD ratswere randomly divided into Ganfei Bingzhi Formula high dose group(A),Ganfei Bingzhi Formulamedium dose group(B),Ganfei Bingzhi Formula low dose group(C),model group(D)and blank group(E),with 6 rats in each group. A ratmodel of UC was established by using trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution(TNBS)/ethanol method. After gavage with different intervention factors,the intestinal contents of rats were taken out and the bacterial population was sequenced using 16S rRNA method.

Result

The dominant bacteria in the intestinal contents of rats in each group were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Aftermodeling,the number of Firmicutes decreased,while the number of Bacteroidetes increased. Intervention with Ganfei Bingzhi Formula can increase the number of Firmicutes and reduce the number of Bacteroidetes. The effectof themedium dose group was themost significant. The sparse curve ofα-diversity tended to flatten out as the sequencing depth increased. The difference between themedium dose group and the blank group in the PCoA analysis chartand the distancematrix ofβ-diversity were the smallest. The composition of intestinal contents in themiddle dose group was themost similar to that of the blank group in phylum level,species level and genus level. There was a significant difference in the phylum of actinomycetes among the groups.

Conclusion

Ganfei Bingzhi Formula can correct the distribution of intestinalmicrobiota in rats with UC,making it tend to the normal gutmicrobiota. Among them,the effect of themedium dose group ismost obvious.

, authors=Li YANG1, 2, Zhongzhuo LI2, Siyuan ZANG2, Jiwei ZHANG1, Tao ZUO1, 3, authorsList=Li YANG, Zhongzhuo LI, Siyuan ZANG, Jiwei ZHANG, Tao ZUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tao ZUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322923551120040086, articleId=1322923546594386042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=肝肺并治方干预溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠道菌群的研究, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

研究肝肺并治方对溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative colitis,UC)大鼠肠道菌群的影响。

方法

SD大鼠30只随机分组,分为肝肺并治方高剂量组(A)、肝肺并治方中剂量组(B)、肝肺并治方低剂量组(C)、模型组(D)和空白组(E),每组6只。采用三硝基苯磺酸(Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution,TNBS)配合乙醇建立UC大鼠模型。不同干预因素灌胃后取大鼠肠内容物,采用16S rRNA方法进行菌群测序。

结果

各组大鼠肠内容物门水平优势菌种为厚壁菌(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes),造模后厚壁菌数量降低,而拟杆菌数量增加,肝肺并治方干预可增加厚壁菌数量,降低杆菌数量,其中中药中剂量组效果最为明显。α多样性的检测,测序深度逐渐增加,对应的曲线逐渐趋于平缓;β多样性的距离矩阵与PCoA分析图中B组与E组的差异最小。各组大鼠肠内容物组成,门水平、种水平、属水平中药中剂量组与空白组最为相近,放线菌门(p__Actinobacteria)在组间存在显著差异。

结论

肝肺并治方可纠正溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的肠道菌群分布,使其趋于正常大鼠菌群,其中肝肺并治中剂量组效果最为明显。

, authors=杨丽1, 2, 李忠卓2, 臧思源2, 张继伟1, 左韬1, 3, authorsList=杨丽, 李忠卓, 臧思源, 张继伟, 左韬, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=左韬, authorNote=

杨丽(1981-),女,辽宁鞍山人,主任医师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治肛肠病及中医脏象基础理论。

, correspAuthorsNote=
左韬(1967-),女,辽宁沈阳人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中西医结合治疗疑难眼病。E-mail:。
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杨丽(1981-),女,辽宁鞍山人,主任医师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治肛肠病及中医脏象基础理论。

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杨丽(1981-),女,辽宁鞍山人,主任医师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治肛肠病及中医脏象基础理论。

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体质量下降/(%)大便性状大便隐血/肉眼血便评分
0=<1%正常正常(-)0
1%~5%非常软但成型隐血阳性(+)1
6%~10%半稀便肉眼血便(++)2
11%~15%稀便肉眼血便(+++)3
>15%较重稀便肉眼血便(>+++)4
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造模组大鼠DAI评分

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体质量下降/(%)大便性状大便隐血/肉眼血便评分
0=<1%正常正常(-)0
1%~5%非常软但成型隐血阳性(+)1
6%~10%半稀便肉眼血便(++)2
11%~15%稀便肉眼血便(+++)3
>15%较重稀便肉眼血便(>+++)4
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样本ID输入数据过滤去噪合并去嵌合单例
A183 94675 60471 77158 80541 07639 720
A284 18276 68272 61359 27243 34041 729
A378 05571 29568 15756 14141 88140 877
A480 47573 58170 94561 71146 17645 429
A583 44076 57073 27663 97246 89846 075
A688 17580 56276 32362 09744 30942 969
B182 68175 68272 27561 18743 54542 539
B281 67175 41273 30067 22351 44251 004
B384 72377 65374 46164 05048 17447 345
B488 71981 87778 15366 05451 52150 561
B583 95877 99775 60068 50254 34153 776
B687 42779 71876 60065 04548 79647 669
C189 23581 38578 19366 36547 24546 081
C282 28675 61772 39362 45347 06146 285
C377 56771 21868 30758 52843 88843 114
C484 38976 23573 15861 64947 09146 098
C587 12379 49376 11164 09147 61146 547
C678 84672 41469 18757 98344 98143 866
D179 11272 93270 03461 04045 38844 677
D284 35176 67373 40061 18945 14844 121
D390 94083 67880 11167 59850 31449 348
D489 10782 01378 45765 34848 66947 553
D581 85875 67472 58362 74248 09147 303
D677 07470 18767 06556 97943 87143 124
E184 70577 22174 27963 91243 69642 475
E286 53979 16977 99175 93564 09063 976
E386 12678 35375 50764 52845 52244 371
E483 60573 87872 04767 01149 27848 822
E585 77677 37575 02866 94344 33743 524
E687 73579 24676 25066 01146 49345 485
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各组大鼠肠内容物样本序列量统计

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样本ID输入数据过滤去噪合并去嵌合单例
A183 94675 60471 77158 80541 07639 720
A284 18276 68272 61359 27243 34041 729
A378 05571 29568 15756 14141 88140 877
A480 47573 58170 94561 71146 17645 429
A583 44076 57073 27663 97246 89846 075
A688 17580 56276 32362 09744 30942 969
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C484 38976 23573 15861 64947 09146 098
C587 12379 49376 11164 09147 61146 547
C678 84672 41469 18757 98344 98143 866
D179 11272 93270 03461 04045 38844 677
D284 35176 67373 40061 18945 14844 121
D390 94083 67880 11167 59850 31449 348
D489 10782 01378 45765 34848 66947 553
D581 85875 67472 58362 74248 09147 303
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E184 70577 22174 27963 91243 69642 475
E286 53979 16977 99175 93564 09063 976
E386 12678 35375 50764 52845 52244 371
E483 60573 87872 04767 01149 27848 822
E585 77677 37575 02866 94344 33743 524
E687 73579 24676 25066 01146 49345 485
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肝肺并治方干预溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠道菌群的研究
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杨丽 1, 2 , 李忠卓 2 , 臧思源 2 , 张继伟 1 , 左韬 1, 3
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(5): 28-31
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (5) : 28 -31
肝肺并治方干预溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠道菌群的研究
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杨丽(1981-),女,辽宁鞍山人,主任医师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治肛肠病及中医脏象基础理论。

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杨丽(1981-),女,辽宁鞍山人,主任医师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治肛肠病及中医脏象基础理论。

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杨丽1, 2, 李忠卓2, 臧思源2, 张继伟1, 左韬1, 3
作者信息
  • 1.辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847
  • 2.辽宁中医药大学附属第三医院,辽宁 沈阳 110000
  • 3.辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院,辽宁 沈阳 110034
通讯作者:
左韬(1967-),女,辽宁沈阳人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中西医结合治疗疑难眼病。E-mail:。
作者简介:

杨丽(1981-),女,辽宁鞍山人,主任医师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治肛肠病及中医脏象基础理论。

Study on Gut Microbiota of Rats with Ulcerative Colitis Treated with Ganfei Bingzhi Formula(肝肺并治方)
Li YANG1, 2, Zhongzhuo LI2, Siyuan ZANG2, Jiwei ZHANG1, Tao ZUO1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110847,Liaoning,China
  • 2.Third Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110000,Liaoning,China
  • 3.Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110034,Liaoning,China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.006
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目的

研究肝肺并治方对溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative colitis,UC)大鼠肠道菌群的影响。

方法

SD大鼠30只随机分组,分为肝肺并治方高剂量组(A)、肝肺并治方中剂量组(B)、肝肺并治方低剂量组(C)、模型组(D)和空白组(E),每组6只。采用三硝基苯磺酸(Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution,TNBS)配合乙醇建立UC大鼠模型。不同干预因素灌胃后取大鼠肠内容物,采用16S rRNA方法进行菌群测序。

结果

各组大鼠肠内容物门水平优势菌种为厚壁菌(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes),造模后厚壁菌数量降低,而拟杆菌数量增加,肝肺并治方干预可增加厚壁菌数量,降低杆菌数量,其中中药中剂量组效果最为明显。α多样性的检测,测序深度逐渐增加,对应的曲线逐渐趋于平缓;β多样性的距离矩阵与PCoA分析图中B组与E组的差异最小。各组大鼠肠内容物组成,门水平、种水平、属水平中药中剂量组与空白组最为相近,放线菌门(p__Actinobacteria)在组间存在显著差异。

结论

肝肺并治方可纠正溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的肠道菌群分布,使其趋于正常大鼠菌群,其中肝肺并治中剂量组效果最为明显。

肝肺并治方  /  溃疡性结肠炎  /  肠道菌群
Objective

To study the effectof Ganfei Bingzhi Formula(肝肺并治方)on gutmicrobiota of ratswith ulcerative colitis.

Method

Thirty SD ratswere randomly divided into Ganfei Bingzhi Formula high dose group(A),Ganfei Bingzhi Formulamedium dose group(B),Ganfei Bingzhi Formula low dose group(C),model group(D)and blank group(E),with 6 rats in each group. A ratmodel of UC was established by using trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution(TNBS)/ethanol method. After gavage with different intervention factors,the intestinal contents of rats were taken out and the bacterial population was sequenced using 16S rRNA method.

Result

The dominant bacteria in the intestinal contents of rats in each group were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Aftermodeling,the number of Firmicutes decreased,while the number of Bacteroidetes increased. Intervention with Ganfei Bingzhi Formula can increase the number of Firmicutes and reduce the number of Bacteroidetes. The effectof themedium dose group was themost significant. The sparse curve ofα-diversity tended to flatten out as the sequencing depth increased. The difference between themedium dose group and the blank group in the PCoA analysis chartand the distancematrix ofβ-diversity were the smallest. The composition of intestinal contents in themiddle dose group was themost similar to that of the blank group in phylum level,species level and genus level. There was a significant difference in the phylum of actinomycetes among the groups.

Conclusion

Ganfei Bingzhi Formula can correct the distribution of intestinalmicrobiota in rats with UC,making it tend to the normal gutmicrobiota. Among them,the effect of themedium dose group ismost obvious.

Ganfei Bingzhi Formula(肝肺并治方)  /  ulcerative colitis  /  gut microbiota
杨丽, 李忠卓, 臧思源, 张继伟, 左韬. 肝肺并治方干预溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠道菌群的研究. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (5) : 28 -31 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.006
Li YANG, Zhongzhuo LI, Siyuan ZANG, Jiwei ZHANG, Tao ZUO. Study on Gut Microbiota of Rats with Ulcerative Colitis Treated with Ganfei Bingzhi Formula(肝肺并治方)[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (5) : 28 -31 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.006
溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative colitis,UC)又称特发性溃疡性结肠炎,或慢性非特异性溃疡性结肠炎,主要表现为:腹泻、腹痛、血便或黏液脓血便,严重者伴有乏力、消瘦、发热等全身症状,其病程迁延反复[1-3]。现代研究发现,除免疫、遗传、感染等因素,肠道微生态失调是UC发病的重要机制[4]。在UC患者的不同时期,肠道菌群都会出现不同程度的整体受损,虽然受地理位置、饮食差异、个体情况、实验操作等因素影响,各种实验UC患者所培养、检测的肠道微生态菌属不尽相同,但其肠道微生态的失调程度与疾病的活动度均呈正相关[5-7]。
中医药治疗UC的历史悠久,可以归入中医的“泄泻”“肠风”“肠澼”“大瘕泄”“痢疾”“下利”“滞下”等范畴。中医药治疗大便稀溏、脓血便、赤白痢的方药均可用于治疗UC,且不良反应小,适合长期治疗,是缓解UC发作期的最安全有效的方法[8]。肝肺并治方源于唐宗海的《血证论》,唐氏提出了痢病“虽关于脾胃,而要以肝肺为主”,其病因为“肺气传送太力,故暴注大肠;肝气郁而不疏,故肛门闭塞,欲便不便,而为逼胀”[9](《血证论·便脓》),肝疏泄太过,引起暴注里急;肺金收涩,滞塞不畅,引起后重下利是痢病的主要病因。治疗上应用“和肝调肺”之法开肺气、清肝火,从而“止奔迫”“解郁闭”,并以白头翁汤加石膏、知母、杏仁、桔梗、枳壳、槟榔、柴胡、麦芽、当归、白芍、甘草组成肝肺并治之方。
肝肺并治方作为唐氏之经典方,治疗UC临床疗效确切。本研究拟通过肝肺并治方干预UC大鼠,观察大鼠肠道菌群的变化,验证UC的发病与肠道菌群的相关性,而肝肺并治方可通过调节肠道菌群进而治疗UC。
SPF级SD大鼠30只,雄性,8~12周龄,体质量(200±20)g。购自辽宁长生生物科技股份有限公司[许可证号:SCXK(辽)2020-0001],辽宁中医药大学动物实验中心SPF级实验室内饲养。
肝肺并治方组成:白头翁15 g,黄连6 g,黄柏12 g,秦皮12 g,石膏6 g,知母9 g,杏仁15 g,桔梗12 g,枳壳9 g,槟榔9 g,柴胡9 g,麦芽12 g,当归12 g,白芍9 g,甘草9 g。中医饮片购自辽宁中医药大学附属第三医院,并由辽宁中医药大学附属第三医院煎药室煎煮。
三硝基苯磺酸(Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution,TNBS)(SIGMA,货号:P2297-10ML),无水乙醇(罗恩,货号:R003457-500ML),乌拉坦(国药集团化学试剂有限公司,货号:U0202-500G),Agarose(Invitrogen,货号:75510-019),Marker(Takara,货号:DL2000),TAE(Invitrogen,货号:AM9870),Q5® High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase(NEB,货号:M0491L),Quant-iT PicoGreen dsDNA Assay Kit(Invitrogen,货号:P7589)。
Nanodrop(Thermo Scientific,型号:NC2000),电泳仪(北京六一,型号:DYY-6C),凝胶成像系统[北京百晶,型号:BG-gdsAUTO(130)],PCR扩增仪(ABI,型号:2720),酶标仪(BioTek,FLX800T)。
30只SD大鼠按体质量分层随机分组,分为肝肺并治方高剂量组(A)、肝肺并治方中剂量组(B)、肝肺并治方低剂量组(C)、模型组(D)和空白组(E),每组6只。
采用TNBS配比乙醇建立UC大鼠模型,此模型是目前研究UC较为理想的动物模型之一,造模方法简单可行,到目前为止,广泛地应用于UC的发病机制及药物治疗的研究中[10]。
SD大鼠30只,适应性喂养7 d,正常进水、进食。确定大鼠健康,全部禁食、不禁水24 h。造模组大鼠予20%乌拉坦腹腔注射,药物剂量按照80 mg/100 g计算,充分麻醉后,予以固定。将5%TNBS和50%乙醇按1∶1的体积比混匀,制成TNBS/乙醇液备用。取一次性灌肠管1根,外涂少量液体石蜡以作润滑,从大鼠肛门逆行插入结肠内,深度约为8.0 cm,按TNBS 33 mg/kg计算用量,将适量TNBS/乙醇液通过灌肠管灌入肠内,取出输液管,医用棉签堵肛。将大鼠以身倾45°,头部向下的姿势保持5 min后,再将其自然放平;空白组采用生理盐水灌肠,方法同造模组,均自然清醒。3天后计算造模组大鼠疾病活动指数评分(Disease activity index,DAI)[11](见表1),由动物体质量、粪便性状及便血情况3项指标评分之和的均值构成,即DAI=(体质量下降分数+粪便性状分数+便血分数)/3,大于2分即为造模成功。确定造模成功第2日起对各组大鼠给药。
所用药物剂量均经过人与大鼠的等效剂量换算。从造模成功开始,各组分别给予不同药物进行灌胃,1次/d,共连续灌胃14 d,所用灌胃药物及药量如下:A组予肝肺并治方3.2 g/(100 g·d)生药量;B组予肝肺并治方1.6 g/(100 g·d)生药量;C组予肝肺并治方0.8 g/(100 g·d)生药量,D组及E组均给予生理盐水灌胃2 mL/d。
灌胃14 d后,各组大鼠腹腔分别注射20%乌拉坦麻醉。各组大鼠处死后,解剖腹腔,取大鼠肠内容物放入5 mL灭菌冻存管中,-80℃保存待用。
粪便样本DNA提取使用OMEGA土壤DNA试剂盒(M5635-02)(OMEGA Bio-Tek,Norcross,GA,USA),按说明书操作。分别使用NanoDrop NC2000分光光度计(Thermo Fisher Scientific,Waltham,MA,USA)和琼脂糖凝胶电泳测量提取DNA的数量和质量。
大鼠内容物的肠道菌群测序由沈阳墨轩科技有限公司完成,首先对细菌16S rRNA基因V3-V4区域进行PCR扩增,使用正向引物338F(5'-ACCTACGGGAGGCAGCA-3')和反向引物806R(5'-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3')。扩增结果进行2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,切取目的片段然后用Axygen凝胶回收试剂盒回收目的片段。利用Quant-iTPicoGreen dsDNA Assay Kit对PCR产物在Microplate reader(BioTek,FLx800)上进行定量,然后按照每个样品所需的数据量进行混样。
采用Illumina平台对群落DNA片段进行双端(Paired-end)测序,测序原始数据以FASTQ格式保存。使用QIIME2(2019.4)软件,调用qiime cutadapt trimpaired切除序列的引物片段,弃去未匹配引物的序列;然后通过qiime dada2 denoise-paired调用DADA2进行去引物、质控、去噪、拼接、去嵌合体。
计量资料应用SPSS 23.0软件处理,符合正态分布的计量资料以均数±标准差)表示,计量资料两两比较采用t检验;不符合正态分布的计量资料以M(P25,P75)表示,计量资料两两比较采用秩和检验,肠道菌群数据采用上海派森诺生物科技有限公司基因云平台进行统计分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
本研究对30份大鼠肠内容物样本进行了16S测序,各组大鼠肠内容物样本测序量统计见表2,序列长度集中于404~431 bp之间(插页Ⅷ图1)。各组大鼠肠内容物的共有OTU为288个,A组独有的OTU数为7566个,B组独有的OTU数为5615个,C组独有的OTU数为6379个,D组独有的OTU数为6441个,E组独有的OTU数为5038个(插页Ⅷ图2)。
各组大鼠肠内容物门水平优势菌种为厚壁菌(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes)(插页Ⅸ图3),组内均值B组的优势菌种最接近E组水平(插页Ⅹ图4),D组的厚壁菌高于E组,拟杆菌低于E组。纲水平的优势菌种为梭菌纲(Clostridia)与拟杆菌纲(Bacteroidia)(插页Ⅸ图3),组内均值也是B组的优势菌种最接近E组水平。而其他3组水平基本持平(插页Ⅹ图4)。目水平优势菌种为梭菌目(Clostridiales)与拟杆菌(Bacteroidales)(插页Ⅸ图3),较其他3组而言B组的梭菌最接近E组水平(插页Ⅹ图4)。
Alpha多样性是指局部均匀生境下的物种在丰富度(richness)、多样性(diversity)和均匀度(evenness)等方面的指标,也被称为生境内多样性(within-habitat diversity)。
插页Ⅷ图5 Chao1和Observed species指数表征丰富度,Shannon和Simpson指数表征多样性,Faith’s PD指数表征基于进化的多样性,Pielou’s evenness指数表征均匀度,Good’s coverage指数表征覆盖度。B组的各指数最接近E组,各组均P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。
插页Ⅷ图6稀疏曲线图中曲线的平缓程度,反映了测序深度对于观测样本多样性的影响大小,在本研究中,测序深度逐渐增加,对应的曲线逐渐趋于平缓,说明物种的测序数量足够,即使测序数量继续上升,也无法检测到大量的尚未发现的新OTU数目,即OTU数目不再向上延伸。
Beta多样性是指沿着环境梯度变化的不同群落之间,物种组成的相异性或物种沿环境梯度的更替速率,因此也被称为生境间多样性(between-habitat diversity)。
各组大鼠肠内容物主坐标分析(Principal coordinates analysis,PCoA)(插页Ⅺ图7)B组与E组的差异最小为36.6%,A组、C组、D组与E组的差异分别为46.9%、48.3%、46.8%,差异变化不大。插页Ⅻ图8为各组大鼠肠内容物的NMDS结果,其应力值Stress=0.152<0.2结果较可靠。插页Ⅻ图9层次聚类分析图中D组与E组的距离最远,相似度最差,而A、B、C组与E组的距离小于D组,相似性较D组高。
从各组大鼠肠内容物组成热图的组内均值可以见门水平、种水平、属水平E组与B组最为相近,在目水平和种水平E组与C组最为相近(插页ⅩⅢ图10、插页ⅩⅣ图11)。LEfSe分枝图(插页Ⅻ图12)可见,放线菌门(p__Actinobacteria)在组间存在显著差异,且在B组(红色)中被显著富集,丰度最高,即B组中的放线菌门的丰度显著高于其他各组。
现代研究认为UC患者的肠道菌群较正常人群发生了显著的变化,其菌群丰度与多样性降低[12-13]。白头翁汤可降低UC小鼠的肠道通透性,增加紧密连接蛋白(Occludin and zonula occludens-1)的表达,并降低结肠中磷酸核因子(p-NF)-κB和磷酸细胞外信号调节激酶(p-ERK)的表达,进而修复肠道上皮屏障,抑制炎症反应[14]。白头翁皂苷中所含的多种糖基,代谢产生大量的葡萄糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖等多糖,经过肠道微生物代谢产生短链脂肪酸SCFAs,可能是白头翁皂苷影响肠道菌群的主要原因[15]。白头翁皂苷对肠道菌群的调节是其抗UC活性的重要途径,可增加有益菌norank FMuribaculaceae和norank F norank O Clostridia UCG-014,减少有害拟杆菌[16]。肝肺并治方是由白头翁汤变化而来,是否可以改变肠道菌群来治疗UC目前尚不明确。因此,本研究通过肝肺并治方对UC大鼠的干预,采用16S rDNA测序技术,从肠道微生态角度探讨肝肺并治方对大鼠肠道菌群的调节作用。
各组大鼠肠内容物门水平优势菌种为厚壁菌(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes),造模后厚壁菌数量降低,而拟杆菌数量增加,肝肺并治方干预可增加厚壁菌数量,降低杆菌数量,其中肝肺并治方中剂量组效果最为明显。研究表明在健康人群中,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门是主要的菌群,二者存在互相促进的共生关系,厚壁菌/拟杆菌(F/B)比率的增高被认为是肠道微生态失调的标志[17-19]。纲水平的优势菌种为梭菌纲(Clostridia)与拟杆菌纲(Bacteroidia),分属于厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门,是肠道微生物稳态下微生物群的主要专性厌氧菌[20]。目水平优势菌种为梭菌目(Clostridiales)与拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales),与门、纲水平结果基本一致。不同于门水平,UC大鼠模型组优势菌种均增加,而肝肺并治方干预后可降低其数量,以肝肺并治方中剂量组最为明显。说明UC大鼠的肠道菌群在不同水平引起失衡,而适当剂量的肝肺并治方的干预可纠正这种平衡。
本实验肠道菌群高通量测序研究了肝肺并治方对UC大鼠肠道菌群α多样性和β多样性的影响。分析结果估计其丰富度、多样性、均匀度等方面指标,α多样性判断种群中微生物种类的一致性,β多样性判断样本之间微生物物种的差异性[21]。
α多样性稀疏曲线图中,随着测序深度增加,曲线趋于平缓,说明本研究物种的测序数量足够,即使测序数量继续上升,也无法检测到大量的尚未发现的新OTU数目,说明本研究选取的样本量足够。研究认为UC患者的肠道微生物群α多样性显著低于健康对照受试者,UC患者活动期的α多样性低于缓解期[22-23],说明随着UC患者的病情加重,α多样性降低,纠正α多样性可缓解UC患者的病情,根据本研究的α多样性箱型图,肝肺并治方中剂量组的各指数最接近空白组,说明中医中剂量组可纠正UC大鼠的α多样性,使其趋于正常大鼠菌群。
β多样性的距离矩阵与PCoA分析图中可见肝肺并治方中剂量组与空白组的差异最小,肝肺并治方高剂量组、肝肺并治方低剂量组、模型组与空白组的差异变化不大。各组肠道菌群的次聚类分析图中模型组与空白组的距离最远,相似度最差,而肝肺并治方高中低剂量组与空白组的距离小于模型组,相似性较模型组高。说明通过对β多样性的分析,UC模型大鼠肠道菌群与空白组正常大鼠的肠道菌群差异最大,而通过中药肝肺并治方的干预可缩小其差异,其中肝肺并治方中剂量组的效果最佳。
分析各组大鼠肠内容物组成热图的组内均值,门水平、种水平、属水平肝肺并治方中剂量组与空白组最为相近,在目水平和种水平肝肺并治方高剂量组与空白组最为相近,说明不同水平肝肺并治方中剂量组与肝肺并治方高剂量组最接近正常大鼠菌群结构。分析LEfSe分枝图,放线菌门(p__Actinobacteria)在组间存在显著差异,且在肝肺并治方中剂量组中被显著富集,丰度最高.放线菌门与厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门同是人类肠道微生物群中最丰富的门[24],厚壁菌和拟杆菌门在成人中占主导地位,放线菌在母乳喂养的婴儿中占主导,其中最主要的是双歧杆菌属,在母乳喂养的婴儿中双歧杆菌的含量可超过总细菌群的90%。它们是新生儿肠道的首批微生物定植体之一,也是人体最重要的益生菌,在生理发育中,甚至肠脑轴中都发挥着关键作用[25-26]。本实验肝肺并治方中剂量组中的放线菌门的丰度显著高于其他各组,说明肝肺并治方可调节肠道益生菌的分布。
本实验对UC大鼠肠内容物样本的肠道菌群进行了16S rRNA测序及分析,首先证实本研究物种的测序数量足够,选取的样本量足够。其次正常大鼠门水平优势菌种为厚壁菌和拟杆菌,造模后厚壁菌数量降低,而拟杆菌数量增加,肝肺并治方干预可增加厚壁菌数量,降低杆菌数量,其中肝肺并治方中剂量组效果最为明显。而肝肺并治方中剂量组的各指数最接近空白组,说明了肝肺并治方肝肺并治方中剂量组可纠正UC大鼠的肠道菌群分布,使其趋于正常大鼠菌群。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82074449)
  • 辽宁省科学技术厅博士科研启动基金计划项目(2021-BS-177)
  • 辽宁省教育厅面上项目(LJKZ0891)
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.006
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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国家自然科学基金项目(82074449)
辽宁省科学技术厅博士科研启动基金计划项目(2021-BS-177)
辽宁省教育厅面上项目(LJKZ0891)
作者信息
    1.辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847
    2.辽宁中医药大学附属第三医院,辽宁 沈阳 110000
    3.辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院,辽宁 沈阳 110034

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左韬(1967-),女,辽宁沈阳人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中西医结合治疗疑难眼病。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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