Article(id=1322923528265281773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923490592043032, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339147869, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339147869, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339147869, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339147869, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322923490592043032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1746806400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339138887, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340572227, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929502539612595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923490592043032, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929502539612596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923490592043032, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=74, endPage=81, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322923528474996974, articleId=1322923528265281773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Exploring Mechanism of Curculigoside Antioxidation to Alleviate Apoptosis of Ovarian Granulosa Cells in Mice with Premature Ovarian Failure Model Based on AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the mechanism of action of curculigoside(CUR)antioxidation in alleviating apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells(GCs)in mice with premature ovarian failure(POF).

Method

Mice after acclimatization feeding were divided into blank,model,CUR low-dose,CUR mid-dose and CUR high-dose groups,and estradiol valerate group. The mouse model was replicated by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide(CTX). After modeling,the mice were treated by gavage for 14 consecutive days and vaginal smears were performed daily,the body mass of the mice was weighed and the mice were killed 24 h after the last administration and the blood and ovary tissues were extracted,and the ovary tissues were weighed bilaterally to calculate the ovarian index. The levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)and estradiol(E2)were measured. The ovaries were stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining to observe follicular development and corpus luteum morphology,and the apoptosis level of GCs was determined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTPNick-End Labeling(TUNEL),and the superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)level were measured using protein peroxidase,glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)content and malondialdehyde(MDA)level in the ovary tissue. The protein expressions of ovarian protein kinase B(AKT),p-AKT,mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)and p-mTOR were detected using protein blotting(WB).

Results

Compared with the blank group,the mice in the model group showed disorganized estrous cycle,decreased ovarian index,large number of atretic follicles,high level of apoptosis of GCs and significantly upregulated levels of FSH,whereas AMH and E2 showed a significant decrease,suggesting a successful replication of the POF mouse model. Compared with the model group,the administration of CUR intervention was able to increase the antioxidant level,activate the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,improve the estrous cycle and serum hormone levels,reduce apoptosis of GCs,and promote follicular development in POF mice,thus restoring the ovarian reserve function.

Conclusion

CUR ameliorated mouse POF caused by CTX,and the mechanism may be related to the activation of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to exert antioxidant effects to alleviate the apoptosis of GCs in POF model mice.

, authors=Yuhao MENG1, Min XIAO2, 3, Weiheng ZHANG1, Siyi CHEN1, Chunlei GE1, Huan HE1, Xiaocui JIANG2, 3, Yinjuan LYU1, 3, authorsList=Yuhao MENG, Min XIAO, Weiheng ZHANG, Siyi CHEN, Chunlei GE, Huan HE, Xiaocui JIANG, Yinjuan LYU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yinjuan LYU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322923533474607379, articleId=1322923528265281773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=基于AKT/mTOR信号通路探讨仙茅苷抗氧化缓解卵巢早衰模型小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的作用机制, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

研究仙茅苷(Curculigoside,CUR)抗氧化缓解卵巢早衰(Premature ovarian failure,POF)模型小鼠的卵巢颗粒细胞(Granulosa cells,GCs)凋亡的作用机制。

方法

将经过适应性喂养后的小鼠,分成空白组、模型组、CUR低剂量组、CUR中剂量组、CUR高剂量组,以及戊酸雌二醇组。利用环磷酰胺(Cyclophosphamide,CTX)腹腔注射复制小鼠模型,造模完成后,连续灌胃治疗14 d并且每日进行阴道涂片,末次给药24 h后称量小鼠体质量并处死小鼠,取血与卵巢组织,称量双侧卵巢组织湿重并计算卵巢指数,测定血清促卵泡激素(Follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)、抗缪勒管激素(Anti-Müllerian Hormone,AMH)、雌二醇(Estradiol,E2),卵巢进行苏木精-伊红染色法(Hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE)观察卵泡发育与黄体形态,并使用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记法(原位末端凋亡法)(TdTmediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling,TUNEL)测定GCs凋亡水平,检测卵巢组织超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione Peroxidase,GSH-Px)含量及丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)水平,使用蛋白印迹法(Western Blot,WB)检测卵巢蛋白激酶B(Protein kinase B,AKT)、p-AKT、雷帕霉素靶蛋白(Mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)、p-mTOR的蛋白表达量。

结果

与空白组相比,模型组小鼠动情周期紊乱、卵巢指数下降、见大量闭锁卵泡、GCs出现高水平凋亡、FSH水平明显上调、而AMH和E2出现明显下降,说明成功复制了POF小鼠模型。与模型组相比,给予CUR后,能够提高抗氧化水平、活化AKT/mTOR信号通路,改善POF小鼠的动情周期、血清激素水平、减少GCs凋亡、促进卵泡发育,从而恢复卵巢储备功能。

结论

CUR能改善CTX诱导的小鼠POF,其机制可能与活化AKT/mTOR信号通路发挥抗氧化作用缓解POF模型小鼠GCs凋亡有关。

, authors=孟宇豪1, 萧闵2, 3, 张玮珩1, 陈思易1, 葛春蕾1, 何欢1, 江晓翠2, 3, 吕银娟1, 3, authorsList=孟宇豪, 萧闵, 张玮珩, 陈思易, 葛春蕾, 何欢, 江晓翠, 吕银娟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=吕银娟, authorNote=

孟宇豪(2000-),男,山东济宁人,硕士在读,研究方向:方剂配伍及其应用、中医药防治生殖系统疾病。

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吕银娟(1977-),女,河北赵县人,副教授、副主任医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:方剂配伍及其应用、藏象理论及其应用、中医药防治生殖系统疾病。E-mail:。
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孟宇豪(2000-),男,山东济宁人,硕士在读,研究方向:方剂配伍及其应用、中医药防治生殖系统疾病。

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孟宇豪(2000-),男,山东济宁人,硕士在读,研究方向:方剂配伍及其应用、中医药防治生殖系统疾病。

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阶段时间/(h)各期特点
动情前期10大量有核上皮细胞和少量角化细胞
动情期42大量无核角化细胞和少量上皮细胞
动情后期12有核上皮细胞、角质化上皮细胞和白细胞均匀存在
动情间期48~72大量白细胞和少量角质化上皮细胞以及黏膜
), ArticleFig(id=1322923541737386345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923528265281773, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

小鼠动情周期阴道涂片各期特点

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阶段时间/(h)各期特点
动情前期10大量有核上皮细胞和少量角化细胞
动情期42大量无核角化细胞和少量上皮细胞
动情后期12有核上皮细胞、角质化上皮细胞和白细胞均匀存在
动情间期48~72大量白细胞和少量角质化上皮细胞以及黏膜
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组别n造模前体质量/(g)治疗完成后体质量/(g)卵巢指数/(%)
空白组620.25±1.255 020.67±1.402 01.585±0.117 90
模型组620.33±1.169 018.17±1.125 0**1.392±0.074 68*
仙茅苷低剂量组619.92±0.861 220.25±1.214 0#1.492±0.144 40
仙茅苷中剂量组620.33±0.875 620.50±0.774 6#1.450±0.095 92
仙茅苷高剂量组620.58±0.970 420.50±1.140 0#1.585±0.087 12#
戊酸雌二醇组620.42±0.970 420.42±1.114 0#1.552±0.094 53
), ArticleFig(id=1322923541867409771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923528265281773, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各组小鼠体质量和卵巢指数比较(±s)

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组别n造模前体质量/(g)治疗完成后体质量/(g)卵巢指数/(%)
空白组620.25±1.255 020.67±1.402 01.585±0.117 90
模型组620.33±1.169 018.17±1.125 0**1.392±0.074 68*
仙茅苷低剂量组619.92±0.861 220.25±1.214 0#1.492±0.144 40
仙茅苷中剂量组620.33±0.875 620.50±0.774 6#1.450±0.095 92
仙茅苷高剂量组620.58±0.970 420.50±1.140 0#1.585±0.087 12#
戊酸雌二醇组620.42±0.970 420.42±1.114 0#1.552±0.094 53
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组别n正常卵泡百分比/(%)闭锁卵泡百分比/(%)
空白组682.84±5.32917.16±5.328
模型组670.83±7.178**29.17±7.178**
仙茅苷低剂量组680.84±5.253#19.16±5.253#
仙茅苷中剂量组680.83±1.667#19.17±1.667#
仙茅苷高剂量组681.30±5.246#18.70±5.246##
戊酸雌二醇组680.91±4.782#19.09±4.782#
), ArticleFig(id=1322923542026793325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923528265281773, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各组小鼠正常卵泡百分比与闭锁卵泡百分比比较(±s)

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组别n正常卵泡百分比/(%)闭锁卵泡百分比/(%)
空白组682.84±5.32917.16±5.328
模型组670.83±7.178**29.17±7.178**
仙茅苷低剂量组680.84±5.253#19.16±5.253#
仙茅苷中剂量组680.83±1.667#19.17±1.667#
仙茅苷高剂量组681.30±5.246#18.70±5.246##
戊酸雌二醇组680.91±4.782#19.09±4.782#
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组别n卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡率/(%)
空白组614.93±2.062
模型组619.75±1.897**
仙茅苷低剂量组615.88±1.498#
仙茅苷中剂量组616.18±1.758#
仙茅苷高剂量组616.47±1.474#
戊酸雌二醇组615.98±2.263#
), ArticleFig(id=1322923542194565487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923528265281773, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各组小鼠CGs凋亡率比较(±s)

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组别n卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡率/(%)
空白组614.93±2.062
模型组619.75±1.897**
仙茅苷低剂量组615.88±1.498#
仙茅苷中剂量组616.18±1.758#
仙茅苷高剂量组616.47±1.474#
戊酸雌二醇组615.98±2.263#
), ArticleFig(id=1322923542270062960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923528265281773, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别nAMH/(ng/mL)FSH/(U/L)E2/(ng/mL)
空白组62.268±0.117 416.91±0.464 8220.0±7.412
模型组61.970±0.128 5**18.52±0.971 0**199.9±10.36**
仙茅苷低剂量组62.210±0.142 0#17.21±0.399 3#215.2±7.149#
仙茅苷中剂量组62.225±0.109 7#17.17±0.625 3#215.8±8.868#
仙茅苷高剂量组62.242±0.116 0#17.11±0.639 7#217.6±8.347#
戊酸雌二醇组62.197±0.147 9#17.10±0.735 8#217.2±7.259#
), ArticleFig(id=1322923542353949041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923528265281773, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

各组小鼠血清AMH、FSH、E2比较(±s)

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组别nAMH/(ng/mL)FSH/(U/L)E2/(ng/mL)
空白组62.268±0.117 416.91±0.464 8220.0±7.412
模型组61.970±0.128 5**18.52±0.971 0**199.9±10.36**
仙茅苷低剂量组62.210±0.142 0#17.21±0.399 3#215.2±7.149#
仙茅苷中剂量组62.225±0.109 7#17.17±0.625 3#215.8±8.868#
仙茅苷高剂量组62.242±0.116 0#17.11±0.639 7#217.6±8.347#
戊酸雌二醇组62.197±0.147 9#17.10±0.735 8#217.2±7.259#
), ArticleFig(id=1322923542723047794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923528265281773, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别nMDA/(nmol/mL)SOD/(U/mL)GSH-Px/(U/mL)
空白组62.522±0.111 50282.9±9.8811 128±47.65
模型组62.785±0.163 90**258.7±10.410**1 014±54.12**
仙茅苷低剂量组62.562±0.119 80#277.4±9.196#1 100±55.14#
仙茅苷中剂量组62.562±0.120 10#279.9±8.198#1 101±42.28#
仙茅苷高剂量组62.571±0.094 29#277.8±13.370#1 101±31.67#
戊酸雌二醇组62.552±0.085 70#280.1±8.095#1 109±48.13#
), ArticleFig(id=1322923542811128179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923528265281773, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

各组小鼠MDA水平、SOD活性以及GSH-Px含量比较(±s)

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组别nMDA/(nmol/mL)SOD/(U/mL)GSH-Px/(U/mL)
空白组62.522±0.111 50282.9±9.8811 128±47.65
模型组62.785±0.163 90**258.7±10.410**1 014±54.12**
仙茅苷低剂量组62.562±0.119 80#277.4±9.196#1 100±55.14#
仙茅苷中剂量组62.562±0.120 10#279.9±8.198#1 101±42.28#
仙茅苷高剂量组62.571±0.094 29#277.8±13.370#1 101±31.67#
戊酸雌二醇组62.552±0.085 70#280.1±8.095#1 109±48.13#
), ArticleFig(id=1322923542882431348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923528265281773, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别np-AKT/AKTp-mTOR/mTOR
空白组61.207±0.235 51.137±0.215 9
模型组60.242±0.047 2**0.421±0.133 7**
仙茅苷低剂量组60.978±0.288 7#0.973±0.111 2#
仙茅苷中剂量组60.946±0.299 2#0.980±0.163 3#
仙茅苷高剂量组61.038±0.360 7#1.014±0.154 1#
戊酸雌二醇组60.991±0.157 0#0.844±0.215 3
), ArticleFig(id=1322923542953734517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923528265281773, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

各组小鼠卵巢组织p-AKT/AKT、p-mTO/mTOR的蛋白表达(±s)

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组别np-AKT/AKTp-mTOR/mTOR
空白组61.207±0.235 51.137±0.215 9
模型组60.242±0.047 2**0.421±0.133 7**
仙茅苷低剂量组60.978±0.288 7#0.973±0.111 2#
仙茅苷中剂量组60.946±0.299 2#0.980±0.163 3#
仙茅苷高剂量组61.038±0.360 7#1.014±0.154 1#
戊酸雌二醇组60.991±0.157 0#0.844±0.215 3
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基于AKT/mTOR信号通路探讨仙茅苷抗氧化缓解卵巢早衰模型小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的作用机制
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孟宇豪 1 , 萧闵 2, 3 , 张玮珩 1 , 陈思易 1 , 葛春蕾 1 , 何欢 1 , 江晓翠 2, 3 , 吕银娟 1, 3
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(5): 74-81
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (5) : 74 -81
基于AKT/mTOR信号通路探讨仙茅苷抗氧化缓解卵巢早衰模型小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的作用机制
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孟宇豪(2000-),男,山东济宁人,硕士在读,研究方向:方剂配伍及其应用、中医药防治生殖系统疾病。

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孟宇豪(2000-),男,山东济宁人,硕士在读,研究方向:方剂配伍及其应用、中医药防治生殖系统疾病。

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孟宇豪1, 萧闵2, 3, 张玮珩1, 陈思易1, 葛春蕾1, 何欢1, 江晓翠2, 3, 吕银娟1, 3
作者信息
  • 1.湖北中医药大学基础医学院,湖北 武汉 430065
  • 2.湖北中医药大学实验动物中心,湖北 武汉 430065
  • 3.湖北时珍实验室,湖北 武汉 430065
通讯作者:
吕银娟(1977-),女,河北赵县人,副教授、副主任医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:方剂配伍及其应用、藏象理论及其应用、中医药防治生殖系统疾病。E-mail:。
作者简介:

孟宇豪(2000-),男,山东济宁人,硕士在读,研究方向:方剂配伍及其应用、中医药防治生殖系统疾病。

Exploring Mechanism of Curculigoside Antioxidation to Alleviate Apoptosis of Ovarian Granulosa Cells in Mice with Premature Ovarian Failure Model Based on AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Yuhao MENG1, Min XIAO2, 3, Weiheng ZHANG1, Siyi CHEN1, Chunlei GE1, Huan HE1, Xiaocui JIANG2, 3, Yinjuan LYU1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Basic Medical Sciences,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,Wuhan 430065,Hubei,China
  • 2.Laboratory Animal Center,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,Wuhan 430065,Hubei,China
  • 3.Hubei Shizhen Laboratory,Wuhan 430065,Hubei,China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.017
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目的

研究仙茅苷(Curculigoside,CUR)抗氧化缓解卵巢早衰(Premature ovarian failure,POF)模型小鼠的卵巢颗粒细胞(Granulosa cells,GCs)凋亡的作用机制。

方法

将经过适应性喂养后的小鼠,分成空白组、模型组、CUR低剂量组、CUR中剂量组、CUR高剂量组,以及戊酸雌二醇组。利用环磷酰胺(Cyclophosphamide,CTX)腹腔注射复制小鼠模型,造模完成后,连续灌胃治疗14 d并且每日进行阴道涂片,末次给药24 h后称量小鼠体质量并处死小鼠,取血与卵巢组织,称量双侧卵巢组织湿重并计算卵巢指数,测定血清促卵泡激素(Follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)、抗缪勒管激素(Anti-Müllerian Hormone,AMH)、雌二醇(Estradiol,E2),卵巢进行苏木精-伊红染色法(Hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE)观察卵泡发育与黄体形态,并使用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记法(原位末端凋亡法)(TdTmediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling,TUNEL)测定GCs凋亡水平,检测卵巢组织超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione Peroxidase,GSH-Px)含量及丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)水平,使用蛋白印迹法(Western Blot,WB)检测卵巢蛋白激酶B(Protein kinase B,AKT)、p-AKT、雷帕霉素靶蛋白(Mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)、p-mTOR的蛋白表达量。

结果

与空白组相比,模型组小鼠动情周期紊乱、卵巢指数下降、见大量闭锁卵泡、GCs出现高水平凋亡、FSH水平明显上调、而AMH和E2出现明显下降,说明成功复制了POF小鼠模型。与模型组相比,给予CUR后,能够提高抗氧化水平、活化AKT/mTOR信号通路,改善POF小鼠的动情周期、血清激素水平、减少GCs凋亡、促进卵泡发育,从而恢复卵巢储备功能。

结论

CUR能改善CTX诱导的小鼠POF,其机制可能与活化AKT/mTOR信号通路发挥抗氧化作用缓解POF模型小鼠GCs凋亡有关。

卵巢早衰  /  卵巢储备功能下降  /  仙茅苷  /  AKT/mTOR信号通路  /  颗粒细胞凋亡
Objective

To investigate the mechanism of action of curculigoside(CUR)antioxidation in alleviating apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells(GCs)in mice with premature ovarian failure(POF).

Method

Mice after acclimatization feeding were divided into blank,model,CUR low-dose,CUR mid-dose and CUR high-dose groups,and estradiol valerate group. The mouse model was replicated by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide(CTX). After modeling,the mice were treated by gavage for 14 consecutive days and vaginal smears were performed daily,the body mass of the mice was weighed and the mice were killed 24 h after the last administration and the blood and ovary tissues were extracted,and the ovary tissues were weighed bilaterally to calculate the ovarian index. The levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)and estradiol(E2)were measured. The ovaries were stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining to observe follicular development and corpus luteum morphology,and the apoptosis level of GCs was determined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTPNick-End Labeling(TUNEL),and the superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)level were measured using protein peroxidase,glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)content and malondialdehyde(MDA)level in the ovary tissue. The protein expressions of ovarian protein kinase B(AKT),p-AKT,mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)and p-mTOR were detected using protein blotting(WB).

Results

Compared with the blank group,the mice in the model group showed disorganized estrous cycle,decreased ovarian index,large number of atretic follicles,high level of apoptosis of GCs and significantly upregulated levels of FSH,whereas AMH and E2 showed a significant decrease,suggesting a successful replication of the POF mouse model. Compared with the model group,the administration of CUR intervention was able to increase the antioxidant level,activate the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,improve the estrous cycle and serum hormone levels,reduce apoptosis of GCs,and promote follicular development in POF mice,thus restoring the ovarian reserve function.

Conclusion

CUR ameliorated mouse POF caused by CTX,and the mechanism may be related to the activation of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to exert antioxidant effects to alleviate the apoptosis of GCs in POF model mice.

premature ovarian failure  /  decreased ovarian reserve function  /  sennosides  /  AKT/mTOR signaling pathway  /  granulosa cell apoptosis
孟宇豪, 萧闵, 张玮珩, 陈思易, 葛春蕾, 何欢, 江晓翠, 吕银娟. 基于AKT/mTOR信号通路探讨仙茅苷抗氧化缓解卵巢早衰模型小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的作用机制. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (5) : 74 -81 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.017
Yuhao MENG, Min XIAO, Weiheng ZHANG, Siyi CHEN, Chunlei GE, Huan HE, Xiaocui JIANG, Yinjuan LYU. Exploring Mechanism of Curculigoside Antioxidation to Alleviate Apoptosis of Ovarian Granulosa Cells in Mice with Premature Ovarian Failure Model Based on AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (5) : 74 -81 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.017
卵巢早衰(Premature ovarian failure,POF)是指年龄小于40岁的女性出现非生理性的闭经并伴随高促卵泡激素(Follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)、低雌二醇(Estradiol,E2)等症状[1],患者主要表现为月经周期紊乱、生育能力下降,一部分患者甚至出现焦虑、抑郁等心理问题[2]。近年来POF患者越来越多[3],30岁以上患病率约为0.1%,35岁以上患病率为0.25%,40岁以上患病率约为1%[4],有逐步年轻化趋势[5],不孕是其最严重的并发症[6]。POF的发病机制尚不明晰,主要与癌症化疗、遗传因素、免疫低下、氧化应激(Oxidative Stress,OS)有关。无有效针对病因的治疗方法,目前此病治疗主要采用激素替代疗法(Hormone replacement therapy,HRT),虽然可以缓解症状,但是不能恢复卵巢功能,有效解决生育问题[7]。HRT还有可能增加血栓、癌症、中风和其他并发症的风险[8]。因此,寻找有效治疗药物成为亟待解决的问题。
仙茅苷(Curculigoside,CUR)是传统中药仙茅中的主要活性成分,分子式为C22 H26 O11,分子量为466.44[9]。CUR具有抗炎、抗氧化、增强免疫等药理作用[10]。研究表明,OS是卵巢衰老的关键性因素[11]。蛋白激酶B(Protein kinase B,AKT)/雷帕霉素靶蛋白(Mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)信号通路参与细胞的生长、增殖、凋亡和自噬等过程,被证实与多种疾病的发生发展有关[12],AKT信号通路可介导OS[13]。研究表明,给予CUR干预后抗氧化酶系统被激活[14]。
本研究使用环磷酰胺(Cyclophosphamide,CTX)腹腔注射法,复制POF小鼠模型,以AKT/mTOR信号通路研究CUR对OS的调节,探讨CUR改善POF的作用机制,以期为药物研发拓展思路,为临床合理用药提供实验支持。
36只无特定病原体(specific pathogen free,SPF)级别Balb/c性成熟的雌性小鼠,6~8周龄,体质量为17~19 g,购自湖南斯莱克景达实验动物有限公司[SCXK(湘)2019-0004],饲养于湖北中医药大学实验动物中心[syxk(鄂)2017-0067]SPF级屏障系统。全程自由饮食、进水。7 d适应性喂养后进行实验。动物实验获湖北中医药大学动物伦理委员会批准,批号为:HUCMS06082041。动物实验参与人员均取得湖北省实验动物专业技术考试合格证书。
环磷酰胺(上海源叶科技有限公司,货号:S30563);仙茅苷(武汉天植生物技术有限公司,货号:CFN97419);戊酸雌二醇(德国拜耳公司,国药准字:J20171038);超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione Peroxidase,GSH-Px)酶联免疫吸附法(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)试剂盒、ECL超敏发光液、RIPA裂解液(北京索莱宝科技有限公司,货号:BC0175、BC0020、BC1195、PE0010、R0010);刘氏染色液(河南贝索生物科技有限公司,货号:BA4000、BA4007);β-actin、mTOR抗体、p-mTOR抗体、AKT抗体、p-AKT抗体、HRP-山羊抗兔、一步法末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记法(原位末端凋亡法)(TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling,TUNEL)细胞凋亡检测试剂盒(FITC绿色荧光)、通用型组织固定液、苏木素-伊红(Hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE)染色液、BCA蛋白定量检测试剂盒、SDS-PAGE蛋白上样缓冲液(武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司,货号:GB11001、GB111839、GB114686、GB111114、GB150002、GB23303、G1501、G1101、G1076、G2026、G2075);FSH ELISA试剂盒、E2 ELISA试剂盒、抗缪勒管激素(Anti-Müllerian Hormone,AMH)ELISA试剂盒(武汉基因美生物科技有限公司,批号:JYM0597Ra、JYM0608Ra、JYM00083Ra)。
ES-500组织包埋机(上海寰熙医疗器械有限公司);HS-3345型全自动切片机(金华华速科技有限公司);KZ-Ⅲ-F型高速低温组织研磨仪(武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司);CR21G型冷冻高速离心机(日本日立公司);TSY-B脱色摇床(武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司);E100型显微镜、NikonDS-U3成像系统(日本尼康公司);DYCZ-24DH型电转仪、DYCZ-40D转膜仪(北京六一仪器厂)。
36只小鼠,平均分为空白组,模型组,CUR低剂量组、CUR中剂量组、CUR高剂量组,戊酸雌二醇组。适应性喂养7 d,第7天给予CTX(100 mg·kg-1)腹腔注射,单次足量给药,复制POF模型[15],空白组小鼠腹腔注射等量生理盐水。从第8天开始,灌胃0.1 mL/10 g药液或生理盐水。根据“人与小鼠之间用药剂量换算表”计算药量,1次·d-1,连续14 d,CUR低、中、高剂量组分别以10、20和40 mg·kg-1·d-1的剂量行CUR灌胃治疗,戊酸雌二醇组采用戊酸雌二醇(0.13 mg·kg-1·d-1)水溶液灌胃,其余两组使用生理盐水灌胃。实验流程见图1。
各组小鼠于末次灌胃24 h后称体质量,取血处死小鼠后,立即打开腹腔,分离两侧卵巢组织,用滤纸吸干表面液体,称量两侧卵巢湿重,计算卵巢湿重指数。计算公式:卵巢指数=卵巢湿重(mg)/体质量(g)×100%。
造模完成后,每日早上9点行阴道涂片。无菌棉签于生理盐水中浸润,于小鼠阴道内侧壁旋转1周后,均匀涂抹于玻片上,采用刘氏染色法染色,以光学显微镜观察脱落细胞的变化作为判断小鼠动情周期的依据。动情周期包括动情前期(Proestrus Stage,P)、动情期(Estrus Stage,E)、动情后期(Metes trus Stage,M)以及动情间期(Diestrus Stage,D)4个时期。从第1天灌胃开始记录动情周期变化,并且绘制折线图。见表1。
小鼠腹腔注射3%戊巴比妥钠(50 mg·kg-1)麻醉,进行眼球取血后,室温静置1 h后使用低温离心机离心15 min(4℃,3000 r·min-1)收集上清并分装于EP管中,存于-80℃冰箱。取卵巢与子宫组织,生理盐水冲洗,室温下置于通用型组织固定液中固定48 h,使用乙醇进行梯度脱水、再经过二甲苯透明、进行包埋、最后切片备用。脱蜡后,进行染色,再经过脱水、透化,封片。通过光学显微镜观察卵泡发育并采集图片。
取卵巢组织石蜡切片(石蜡切片制作方法同“2.4”),根据TUNEL试剂盒说明书操作,经脱蜡、漂洗、孵育、苏木素复染封片,在荧光显微镜下观察卵巢组织细胞并拍照(细胞核呈荧光绿色为凋亡细胞);在100倍光学显微镜下以卵巢组织细胞层为观察边框,每张玻片随机选5个视野,计数凋亡细胞数和细胞总数,取平均值,计算细胞凋亡率。细胞凋亡率=(凋亡细胞数/细胞总数)×100%。
血清室温复融后,按照ELISA试剂盒步骤操作,检测血清FSH、E2及AMH的含量。
称取适量卵巢组织,按照1∶10的比例加入提取液(mL),进行冰浴匀浆;离心10 min(4℃,8000 r·min-1),取上清置冰上待测。按照ELISA试剂盒步骤操作,测定卵巢组织SOD、GSH-Px活性及MDA水平。
取单个卵巢组织,经裂解与定量制备蛋白。将提取的蛋白经上样、转膜、封闭后,加入一抗(1∶1000),4℃孵育过夜;再次洗涤、加二抗孵育(1∶3000),洗膜后,用ECL发光液显影,扫描仪对条带测量结果摄像,Image J软件分析并计算相应的蛋白条带与β-actin的灰度比值。
用SPSS 29.0软件进行数据分析,Graph Prism 8.0软件进行图片分析。首先进行正态性检验,符合正态分布的数据再进行统计学分析。组间比较采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA);计量资料用均数±标准差()表示,计数资料用构成比(%)表示。P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义,P<0.01为差异有显著统计学意义。
造模前小鼠动情周期正常,造模后,除空白组小鼠动情周期正常外,其余各组小鼠动情周期都发生一定程度紊乱,在治疗完成后,给药各组大部分小鼠动情周期逐步恢复正常。说明造模干扰破坏了小鼠的卵巢功能,CUR干预可改善卵巢功能。见插页ⅩⅫ图2、图3。
造模前各组小鼠体质量差异无统计学意义;治疗完成后,与空白组比较,模型组小鼠体质量明显降低(P<0.01)、卵巢指数下降(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,所有给药组小鼠体质量均有不同程度的上升(P<0.05)、仙茅苷高剂量组小鼠卵巢指数上升(P<0.05)。见图4、表2。
空白组小鼠卵巢组织形态正常,可见初级、次级卵泡逐步发育、黄体发育正常。模型组小鼠卵泡发育不良,可见较多卵泡出现闭锁。与空白组比较,模型组小鼠闭锁卵泡百分比显著上升(P<0.01)、正常卵泡百分比显著下降(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,给药各组正常卵泡百分比上升(P<0.05)、仙茅苷低、中剂量组和戊酸雌二醇组闭锁卵泡百分比下降(P<0.05)、仙茅苷高剂量组正常卵泡百分比显著下降(P<0.01)。CUR和戊酸雌二醇对卵泡发育均有一定效果,仙茅苷高剂量组治疗效果明显,各级卵泡分布均匀。见插页ⅩⅩⅢ图5、图6、表3。
各组小鼠卵泡中都发现呈现荧光绿色的凋亡GCs,表明各组小鼠皆有不同程度GCs凋亡。与空白组比较,模型组凋亡明显(P<0.01),与模型组比较,给药各组凋亡减少(P<0.05)。见插页ⅩⅩⅣ图7、图8、表4。
与空白组比较,模型组小鼠血清E2和AMH水平降低、血清FSH水平升高(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,给药各组血清AMH、E2 水平升高、血清FSH水平降低(P<0.05)。见图9、表5。
与空白组比较,模型组MDA水平显著增加,SOD及GSHPx活性显著下降(P<0.01);与模型组比较,给药各组能明显提升血清SOD及GSH-Px活性(P<0.05),给药各组均降低血清MDA水平(P<0.05)。见图10、表6。
与空白组相比,模型组p-AKT/AKT和p-mTOR/mTOR显著下降(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,CUR低、中、高3组p-AKT/AKT和p-mTOR/mTOR上升(P<0.05)。见图11、表7。
POF是不孕症的重要原因之一。由POF导致的不孕占各因素所致不孕的比例高达10%[16],大大缩短了女性的生育年龄。CTX是一种烷基化药物,用于多种癌症化疗,通过干扰DNA复制,抑制细胞分裂和增殖,导致细胞死亡,被认为是最具性腺毒性的药物[17]。CTX可诱导POF,具体表现为原始卵泡衰竭,生长卵泡凋亡和闭锁[18],各阶段卵泡数量明显减少,未见成熟卵泡[19]。本研究制备小鼠POF模型,采用CTX(100 mg·kg-1)一次性足量腹腔注射方法。模型组小鼠动情周期紊乱;卵巢指数下降;卵泡发育不良,排列顺序紊乱,见大量闭锁卵泡;GCs出现大量凋亡;血清激素出现异常,FSH水平明显上调,而AMH和E2明显下降。说明成功复制了POF模型。
GCs分泌AMH与E2两种激素,对卵巢功能具有重要的调控作用。AMH对卵巢储备起到重要作用[20]。AMH是临床评价卵巢衰老的金指标,可以抑制原始卵泡的激活,并预测卵巢中剩余卵泡的数量[21]。E2可以抑制FSH分泌,FSH水平升高可加速卵泡的补充,使卵泡池耗竭[22]。本研究显示CUR及戊酸雌二醇给药后,激素水平会有所改善,AMH和E2出现明显下降,FSH水平明显上调。AMH水平下调说明卵巢储备功能下降,GCs分泌E2的减少,使得FSH的抑制作用减少,FSH出现明显上调,加速卵泡池的耗竭,导致POF。
化疗药物不仅仅导致小鼠各阶段卵泡数量明显减少,而且影响卵泡发育成熟[19]。有研究表明,在POF患者的卵巢中卵泡闭锁加速,导致正常卵泡数量少而闭锁卵泡数量较多,破坏原始卵泡以及发育中的卵泡,表明POF患者在卵泡的发育成熟方面存在缺陷[23]。GCs是调节卵泡发育和功能的关键辅助细胞[24],作为卵巢的基本功能单位,在病理状态下起到重要的调节作用[25]。有研究表明POF患者的卵泡发育异常主要是由GCs的凋亡引起的[26],GCs的异常凋亡可导致POF[27]。CTX导致发育中卵泡的GCs发生凋亡,随后休眠的卵泡会替代补充,最终导致原始卵泡池过早耗尽[28]。有实验数据支持,POF模型组GCs的凋亡水平明显高于空白组[29]。当10%的GCs发生凋亡时,卵泡发生闭锁[30]。我们通过TUNEL观察GCs的凋亡状态,发现POF模型组GCs出现大量凋亡,给予CUR与戊酸雌二醇干预之后在一定程度上抑制了GCs的凋亡。
有研究提示OS可能是POF的潜在病因[28]。CTX建造POF模型[31]、半乳糖建造POF模型[32]以及老年性的POF模型[33]都会出现OS系统的异常,造成POF。OS被认为是导致GCs凋亡的主要原因[34]。在卵泡发育过程中,高水平OS会增加GCs和基质细胞的凋亡,影响卵母细胞发育以及成熟,而且会损害卵母细胞线粒体的功能,直接抑制卵母细胞的成熟,抗氧化治疗可改善OS和mtDNA损伤[35]。已有研究报道OS可使卵泡和卵母细胞数量减少[36]。MDA反映了脂质过氧化的程度,间接代表了细胞损伤的程度[37]。SOD和GSH-Px是关键的抗氧化分子,它们通过清除ROS和脂质过氧化物来保护卵巢免受OS带来的损伤[38]。本研究结果显示模型组小鼠卵巢MDA水平显著增加,SOD及GSH-Px活性显著下降,给予CUR干预之后抗氧化能力增强,MDA水平下降,反映了卵巢受OS损伤的程度,也是给予CUR治疗后恢复的标志。本研究发现CUR发挥抗氧化作用,能够通过降低OS程度和恢复卵巢正常的抗氧化酶水平,防治CTX诱导的卵巢OS所带来的损伤。
研究表明,中药能够激活AKT/mTOR通路,给予中药干预后大鼠卵巢内成熟卵泡数量增多,闭锁卵泡数量减少,卵巢指数增加,血清激素水平得到改善[39]。AKT又称蛋白激酶B,是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,mTOR位于AKT的下游。AKT活化后可直接磷酸化mTOR,使其激活,mTOR被激活后可调控细胞的生长和增殖[40]。使用AKT激活剂和mTOR激活剂对卵泡的生长有促进作用,表明AKT/mTOR通路的激活可以促进卵泡的发育成熟[41]。本研究发现给予CUR干预后,AKT/mTOR通路被激活,可能是改善POF的潜在机制之一。
综上所述,CUR可以改善POF小鼠的动情周期、血清激素水平、减少GCs凋亡、促进卵泡发育,从而改善POF,恢复卵巢储备功能,其作用机制可能与活化Akt/mTOR信号通路发挥抗氧化作用缓解POF模型小鼠的GCs凋亡有关。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82104704)
  • 湖北省中医药管理局2023—2024年度中医药指导性项目(ZY2023F134)
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2025年第43卷第5期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.017
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82104704)
湖北省中医药管理局2023—2024年度中医药指导性项目(ZY2023F134)
作者信息
    1.湖北中医药大学基础医学院,湖北 武汉 430065
    2.湖北中医药大学实验动物中心,湖北 武汉 430065
    3.湖北时珍实验室,湖北 武汉 430065

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吕银娟(1977-),女,河北赵县人,副教授、副主任医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:方剂配伍及其应用、藏象理论及其应用、中医药防治生殖系统疾病。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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