Article(id=1322923492395593754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923490592043032, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339139316, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339139316, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339139316, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339139316, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322923490592043032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1746806400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339138887, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340572227, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929502539612595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923490592043032, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929502539612596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923490592043032, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=35, endPage=39, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322923492630474779, articleId=1322923492395593754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Mechanism of Xuguan Ruanhua Pill(血管软化丸)Regulating AMPK/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway Against Atherosclerosis, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate whether Xuguan Ruanhua Pill(血管软化丸)can improve atherosclerosis in APOE-/-mice by regulating the AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)pathway and inhibiting cellular death.

Methods

Ten C57BL/6Jmicewere used as blank control group. Sixty apolipoprotein E knockout(APOE-/-)micewere random ly divided intomodel group,Xuguan Ruanhua Pill low-dose group,Xuguan Ruanhua Pill high-dose group,atorvastatin group,Xuguan Ruanhua Pill high dose+AMPK inhibitor combination group and AMPK inhibitor group,and were given high-fatdiet to constructatherosclerosis(AS)mousemodel for18 weeks and were given different methods of intervention in the 13th week. Differentmethods of intervention were given,and the sampleswere taken 6 weeks after the intervention,and the levels of triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein-eholesterol(LDL-C)and high density lipoprotein-eholesterol(HDL-C)were detected respectively in each group. The pathological and morphological changes ofmouse aortic tissues were observed by HE and Oil Red O staining. The levels of interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-18 in aortic tissueswere determined by ELISA,and the protein expressions of AMPK,P-AMPK,NLRP3,Cleaved-Caspase1 and GSDMD-N were detected byWestern Blot. The P-AMPK and NLRP3 protein distribution in the aortic rootwas detected by immunofluorescencemethod and transmission electron microscopy was used for the observation of aortic endothelial ultrastructural changes.

Results

Compared with those in the control group,themodel group had significantly higher serum levels of TG,TC and LDL-C,significantly lower HDL-C levels(P<0.01),disorganised cellarrangement in the aortic rootand obvious fat vacuoles,significant atheromatous plaque deposition in the aorta,significantly lower levels of P-AMPK protein expression,and significantly lower levels of NLRP3,Cleaved-Caspase 1 and GSDMD-N proteinswere significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with those of themodel group,the lipid disorderswere improved in the high and low dose groups of Xuguan Ruanhua Pill and the atorvastatin group,and the degree of aortic tissue and cytopathic lesions were reduced,with a significant increase in the expression level of P-AMPK,and a significant decrease in the expression levels of NLRP3,Cleaved-Caspase 1 and GSDMDN proteins(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression levels were significantly reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the levels of IL-1βand IL-18 were significantly reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with those of the Xuguan Ruanhua Pill high dose+AMPK inhibitor group,the level of coagulopathy-associated proteins in the Xuguan Ruanhua Pill high-dose group was significantly reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the degree of damage to aortic endothelial cells was attenuated,while that in the AMPK inhibitor group in contrast.

Conclusion

Xuguan Ruanhua Pillmay exert a protective effect on atherosclerotic mice by regulating the AMPK/NLRP3 pathway to reduce cell death.

, authors=Hewei QIN1, 2, Mengnan WANG2, Yanjie LI1, 2, Mengyan SUN2, Yang GAO2, Dandan LIU2, authorsList=Hewei QIN, Mengnan WANG, Yanjie LI, Mengyan SUN, Yang GAO, Dandan LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322923496707338290, articleId=1322923492395593754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=血管软化丸调控AMPK/NLRP3信号通路防治动脉粥样硬化的机制研究, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨血管软化丸能否通过调控腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)/NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)通路抑制细胞焦亡改善载脂蛋白E基因敲除(apolipoprotein E knockout,APOE-/-)小鼠动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)。

方法

10只C57BL/6J小鼠作为空白对照组,60只APOE-/-小鼠随机分为模型组、血管软化丸低剂量组、血管软化丸高剂量组、阿托伐他汀组、血管软化丸高剂量和AMPK抑制剂联合组、AMPK抑制剂组,给予高脂饮食饲养18周建造动脉粥样硬化小鼠模型,并于第13周给予不同方法干预,干预6周后取材,分别检测各组小鼠甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-eholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(high density lipoprotein-eholesterol,HDL-C)水平,HE和油红O染色观察小鼠主动脉组织病理形态学变化,Elisa测定主动脉组织白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β和IL-18水平,Western Blot检测AMPK、P-AMPK、NLRP3、裂解的半胱氨酸天冬酶1(Cleaved-Caspase-1)、Gasdermin D(GSDMD)-N蛋白表达,免疫荧光检测P-AMPK、NLRP3蛋白在主动脉根部的分布情况,透射电子显微镜观察主动脉内皮超微结构改变情况。

结果

与对照组相比,模型组大鼠血清TG、TC、LDL-C水平显著升高,HDL-C水平显著降低(P<0.01),主动脉根部细胞排列紊乱,且脂肪空泡明显,主动脉有明显粥样斑块沉积,P-AMPK蛋白表达水平显著降低,NLRP3、Cleaved-Caspase 1、GSDMD-N蛋白表达水平及IL-1β和IL-18水平显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);与模型组比较,血管软化丸高低剂量组及阿托伐他汀组血脂紊乱得到改善,主动脉组织及细胞病变程度减轻,P-AMPK蛋白表达水平显著升高,NLRP3、Cleaved-Caspase 1、GSDMD-N蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),IL-1β和IL-18水平显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与血管软化丸高剂量+AMPK抑制剂组比较,血管软化丸高剂量组焦亡相关蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),主动脉内皮细胞损伤程度减轻,而AMPK抑制剂组与之相反。

结论

血管软化丸可能通过调控AMPK/NLRP3通路减轻细胞焦亡发挥对动脉粥样硬化小鼠的保护作用。

, authors=秦合伟1, 2, 王梦楠2, 李彦杰1, 2, 孙孟艳2, 高洋2, 刘丹丹2, authorsList=秦合伟, 王梦楠, 李彦杰, 孙孟艳, 高洋, 刘丹丹, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

秦合伟(1982-),男,河南驻马店人,副主任医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:心脑血管疾病、神经系统疾病的治疗与康复。

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秦合伟(1982-),男,河南驻马店人,副主任医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:心脑血管疾病、神经系统疾病的治疗与康复。

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秦合伟(1982-),男,河南驻马店人,副主任医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:心脑血管疾病、神经系统疾病的治疗与康复。

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Front Neurosci,2021,15:636172., articleTitle=Quercetin attenuates diabetic peripheral neuropathy by correcting mitochondrial abnormality via activation of AMPK/PGC-1αpathway in vivo and in vitro, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322923515556540564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923492395593754, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=47, issue=8, pageStart=2187, pageEnd=2197, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=YUAN Y J, XIA F, GAO R, journalName=Neurochem Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YUAN Y J,XIA F,GAO R,et al. Kaempferolmediated AMPK/mTOR signal pathway has a protective effect on cerebral ischemicreperfusion injury in rats by inducing autophagy[J]. Neurochem Res,2022,47(8):2187-2197., articleTitle=Kaempferolmediated AMPK/mTOR signal pathway has a protective effect on cerebral ischemicreperfusion injury in rats by inducing autophagy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322923515627843733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923492395593754, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=ZHENG D D, LIU J, PIAOH L, journalName=Front Immunol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHENG D D,LIU J,PIAOH L,etal. ROS-triggered endothelial cell death mechanisms:Focus on pyroptosis,parthanatos,and ferroptosis[J]. 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组别nTCTGHDL-CLDL-C
正常组92.59±1.020.64±0.111.14±0.150.32±0.15
模型组922.20±3.91■■1.20±0.20■■0.60±0.14■■5.22±0.70■■
血管软化丸低剂量组919.01±3.25▲1.03±0.18▲0.73±0.12▲3.73±0.54▲▲
血管软化丸高剂量组918.55±2.66▲●0.99±0.20▲●0.75±0.11▲●●3.58±0.48▲▲●●
阿托伐他汀组916.38±3.05▲▲1.02±0.22▲0.68±0.16▲3.47±0.46▲▲
联合组921.49±3.691.16±0.130.57±0.104.49±0.61
AMPK抑制剂组925.18±2.98●1.35±0.14●0.45±0.12●5.85±0.92●●
), ArticleFig(id=1322923510770839663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923492395593754, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组小鼠血清TC、TG、HDL-C及LDL-C水平(±s)

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组别nTCTGHDL-CLDL-C
正常组92.59±1.020.64±0.111.14±0.150.32±0.15
模型组922.20±3.91■■1.20±0.20■■0.60±0.14■■5.22±0.70■■
血管软化丸低剂量组919.01±3.25▲1.03±0.18▲0.73±0.12▲3.73±0.54▲▲
血管软化丸高剂量组918.55±2.66▲●0.99±0.20▲●0.75±0.11▲●●3.58±0.48▲▲●●
阿托伐他汀组916.38±3.05▲▲1.02±0.22▲0.68±0.16▲3.47±0.46▲▲
联合组921.49±3.691.16±0.130.57±0.104.49±0.61
AMPK抑制剂组925.18±2.98●1.35±0.14●0.45±0.12●5.85±0.92●●
), ArticleFig(id=1322923510871502960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923492395593754, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别n主动脉窦病变面积占比主动脉斑块面积占比
正常组33.15±1.782.65±2.30
模型组332.66±5.34■■32.60±1.68■■
血管软化丸低剂量组325.07±1.69▲20.38±0.75▲▲
血管软化丸高剂量组322.08±2.30▲▲●17.89±1.69▲▲●
阿托伐他汀组315.23±7.17▲▲14.76±3.58▲▲
联合组331.16±0.4524.03±2.67
AMPK抑制剂组338.83±4.49●37.76±3.70●●
), ArticleFig(id=1322923510947000433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923492395593754, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各组小鼠主动脉组织病变的相对定量分析(±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别n主动脉窦病变面积占比主动脉斑块面积占比
正常组33.15±1.782.65±2.30
模型组332.66±5.34■■32.60±1.68■■
血管软化丸低剂量组325.07±1.69▲20.38±0.75▲▲
血管软化丸高剂量组322.08±2.30▲▲●17.89±1.69▲▲●
阿托伐他汀组315.23±7.17▲▲14.76±3.58▲▲
联合组331.16±0.4524.03±2.67
AMPK抑制剂组338.83±4.49●37.76±3.70●●
), ArticleFig(id=1322923511018303602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923492395593754, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别nIL-1βIL-18
正常组616.79±4.1814.95±3.57
模型组656.03±4.75■■56.69±6.33■■
血管软化丸低剂量组649.05±5.05▲48.70±6.59▲
血管软化丸高剂量组647.73±4.90▲●47.96±6.93▲●
阿托伐他汀组643.65±4.82▲▲48.71±4.18▲
联合组655.50±4.3655.20±4.57
AMPK抑制剂组681.10±18.62●●78.83±6.20●●
), ArticleFig(id=1322923511102189683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923492395593754, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各小鼠主动脉组织中的IL-1β、IL-18表达(±s)

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组别nIL-1βIL-18
正常组616.79±4.1814.95±3.57
模型组656.03±4.75■■56.69±6.33■■
血管软化丸低剂量组649.05±5.05▲48.70±6.59▲
血管软化丸高剂量组647.73±4.90▲●47.96±6.93▲●
阿托伐他汀组643.65±4.82▲▲48.71±4.18▲
联合组655.50±4.3655.20±4.57
AMPK抑制剂组681.10±18.62●●78.83±6.20●●
), ArticleFig(id=1322923511198658676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923492395593754, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别nP-AMPK/AMPKNLRP3/GAPDHCleaved-Caspase-1/GAPDHGSDMD-N/GAPDH
正常组31.01±0.160.37±0.060.21±0.060.15±0.09
模型组30.48±0.07■■0.87±0.11■■0.92±0.04■■0.67±0.18■■
血管软化丸低剂量组30.75±0.14▲0.54±0.13▲0.55±0.07▲▲0.30±0.08▲▲
血管软化丸高剂量组30.77±0.09▲▲●●0.50±0.21▲●0.52±0.08▲▲●●0.33±0.06▲▲●
阿托伐他汀组30.78±0.16▲▲0.47±0.21▲0.41±0.11▲▲0.19±0.02▲▲
联合组30.48±0.080.80±0.260.74±0.060.52±0.06
AMPK抑制剂组30.26±0.06●1.17±0.09●1.12±0.08●●0.96±0.11●●
), ArticleFig(id=1322923511282544757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923492395593754, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各组小鼠主动脉组织AMPK、P-AMPK、NLRP3、Cleaved-Caspase-1、GSDMD-N蛋白表达情况(±s)

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组别nP-AMPK/AMPKNLRP3/GAPDHCleaved-Caspase-1/GAPDHGSDMD-N/GAPDH
正常组31.01±0.160.37±0.060.21±0.060.15±0.09
模型组30.48±0.07■■0.87±0.11■■0.92±0.04■■0.67±0.18■■
血管软化丸低剂量组30.75±0.14▲0.54±0.13▲0.55±0.07▲▲0.30±0.08▲▲
血管软化丸高剂量组30.77±0.09▲▲●●0.50±0.21▲●0.52±0.08▲▲●●0.33±0.06▲▲●
阿托伐他汀组30.78±0.16▲▲0.47±0.21▲0.41±0.11▲▲0.19±0.02▲▲
联合组30.48±0.080.80±0.260.74±0.060.52±0.06
AMPK抑制剂组30.26±0.06●1.17±0.09●1.12±0.08●●0.96±0.11●●
), ArticleFig(id=1322923511383208054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923492395593754, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别nP-AMPKNLRP3
正常组3167.03±10.8960.45±15.10
模型组390.23±2.60■■121.93±6.06■■
血管软化丸低剂量组3114.49±8.60▲102.12±6.25▲
血管软化丸高剂量组3124.01±19.02▲▲●85.90±4.10▲▲●
阿托伐他汀组3132.18±12.22▲▲75.55±4.47▲▲
联合组398.25±8.90105.47±12.07
AMPK抑制剂组325.80±3.89●●173.27±2.61●●
), ArticleFig(id=1322923511488065655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923492395593754, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

各组小鼠主动脉窦P-AMPK、NLRP3的平均荧光强度(±s)

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组别nP-AMPKNLRP3
正常组3167.03±10.8960.45±15.10
模型组390.23±2.60■■121.93±6.06■■
血管软化丸低剂量组3114.49±8.60▲102.12±6.25▲
血管软化丸高剂量组3124.01±19.02▲▲●85.90±4.10▲▲●
阿托伐他汀组3132.18±12.22▲▲75.55±4.47▲▲
联合组398.25±8.90105.47±12.07
AMPK抑制剂组325.80±3.89●●173.27±2.61●●
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血管软化丸调控AMPK/NLRP3信号通路防治动脉粥样硬化的机制研究
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秦合伟 1, 2 , 王梦楠 2 , 李彦杰 1, 2 , 孙孟艳 2 , 高洋 2 , 刘丹丹 2
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(5): 35-39
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (5) : 35 -39
血管软化丸调控AMPK/NLRP3信号通路防治动脉粥样硬化的机制研究
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秦合伟(1982-),男,河南驻马店人,副主任医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:心脑血管疾病、神经系统疾病的治疗与康复。

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秦合伟(1982-),男,河南驻马店人,副主任医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:心脑血管疾病、神经系统疾病的治疗与康复。

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秦合伟1, 2, 王梦楠2, 李彦杰1, 2, 孙孟艳2, 高洋2, 刘丹丹2
作者信息
  • 1.河南省中医院,河南 郑州 450002
  • 2.河南中医药大学,河南 郑州 450046
作者简介:

秦合伟(1982-),男,河南驻马店人,副主任医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:心脑血管疾病、神经系统疾病的治疗与康复。

Mechanism of Xuguan Ruanhua Pill(血管软化丸)Regulating AMPK/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway Against Atherosclerosis
Hewei QIN1, 2, Mengnan WANG2, Yanjie LI1, 2, Mengyan SUN2, Yang GAO2, Dandan LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1.Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China
  • 2.Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan,China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.008
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目的

探讨血管软化丸能否通过调控腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)/NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)通路抑制细胞焦亡改善载脂蛋白E基因敲除(apolipoprotein E knockout,APOE-/-)小鼠动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)。

方法

10只C57BL/6J小鼠作为空白对照组,60只APOE-/-小鼠随机分为模型组、血管软化丸低剂量组、血管软化丸高剂量组、阿托伐他汀组、血管软化丸高剂量和AMPK抑制剂联合组、AMPK抑制剂组,给予高脂饮食饲养18周建造动脉粥样硬化小鼠模型,并于第13周给予不同方法干预,干预6周后取材,分别检测各组小鼠甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-eholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(high density lipoprotein-eholesterol,HDL-C)水平,HE和油红O染色观察小鼠主动脉组织病理形态学变化,Elisa测定主动脉组织白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β和IL-18水平,Western Blot检测AMPK、P-AMPK、NLRP3、裂解的半胱氨酸天冬酶1(Cleaved-Caspase-1)、Gasdermin D(GSDMD)-N蛋白表达,免疫荧光检测P-AMPK、NLRP3蛋白在主动脉根部的分布情况,透射电子显微镜观察主动脉内皮超微结构改变情况。

结果

与对照组相比,模型组大鼠血清TG、TC、LDL-C水平显著升高,HDL-C水平显著降低(P<0.01),主动脉根部细胞排列紊乱,且脂肪空泡明显,主动脉有明显粥样斑块沉积,P-AMPK蛋白表达水平显著降低,NLRP3、Cleaved-Caspase 1、GSDMD-N蛋白表达水平及IL-1β和IL-18水平显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);与模型组比较,血管软化丸高低剂量组及阿托伐他汀组血脂紊乱得到改善,主动脉组织及细胞病变程度减轻,P-AMPK蛋白表达水平显著升高,NLRP3、Cleaved-Caspase 1、GSDMD-N蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),IL-1β和IL-18水平显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与血管软化丸高剂量+AMPK抑制剂组比较,血管软化丸高剂量组焦亡相关蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),主动脉内皮细胞损伤程度减轻,而AMPK抑制剂组与之相反。

结论

血管软化丸可能通过调控AMPK/NLRP3通路减轻细胞焦亡发挥对动脉粥样硬化小鼠的保护作用。

血管软化丸  /  动脉粥样硬化  /  AMPK/NLRP3信号通路  /  细胞焦亡
Objective

To investigate whether Xuguan Ruanhua Pill(血管软化丸)can improve atherosclerosis in APOE-/-mice by regulating the AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)pathway and inhibiting cellular death.

Methods

Ten C57BL/6Jmicewere used as blank control group. Sixty apolipoprotein E knockout(APOE-/-)micewere random ly divided intomodel group,Xuguan Ruanhua Pill low-dose group,Xuguan Ruanhua Pill high-dose group,atorvastatin group,Xuguan Ruanhua Pill high dose+AMPK inhibitor combination group and AMPK inhibitor group,and were given high-fatdiet to constructatherosclerosis(AS)mousemodel for18 weeks and were given different methods of intervention in the 13th week. Differentmethods of intervention were given,and the sampleswere taken 6 weeks after the intervention,and the levels of triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein-eholesterol(LDL-C)and high density lipoprotein-eholesterol(HDL-C)were detected respectively in each group. The pathological and morphological changes ofmouse aortic tissues were observed by HE and Oil Red O staining. The levels of interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-18 in aortic tissueswere determined by ELISA,and the protein expressions of AMPK,P-AMPK,NLRP3,Cleaved-Caspase1 and GSDMD-N were detected byWestern Blot. The P-AMPK and NLRP3 protein distribution in the aortic rootwas detected by immunofluorescencemethod and transmission electron microscopy was used for the observation of aortic endothelial ultrastructural changes.

Results

Compared with those in the control group,themodel group had significantly higher serum levels of TG,TC and LDL-C,significantly lower HDL-C levels(P<0.01),disorganised cellarrangement in the aortic rootand obvious fat vacuoles,significant atheromatous plaque deposition in the aorta,significantly lower levels of P-AMPK protein expression,and significantly lower levels of NLRP3,Cleaved-Caspase 1 and GSDMD-N proteinswere significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with those of themodel group,the lipid disorderswere improved in the high and low dose groups of Xuguan Ruanhua Pill and the atorvastatin group,and the degree of aortic tissue and cytopathic lesions were reduced,with a significant increase in the expression level of P-AMPK,and a significant decrease in the expression levels of NLRP3,Cleaved-Caspase 1 and GSDMDN proteins(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression levels were significantly reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the levels of IL-1βand IL-18 were significantly reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with those of the Xuguan Ruanhua Pill high dose+AMPK inhibitor group,the level of coagulopathy-associated proteins in the Xuguan Ruanhua Pill high-dose group was significantly reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the degree of damage to aortic endothelial cells was attenuated,while that in the AMPK inhibitor group in contrast.

Conclusion

Xuguan Ruanhua Pillmay exert a protective effect on atherosclerotic mice by regulating the AMPK/NLRP3 pathway to reduce cell death.

Xuguan Ruanhua Pill(血管软化丸)  /  atherosclerosis  /  AMPK/NLRP3 signalling pathway  /  pyroptosis
秦合伟, 王梦楠, 李彦杰, 孙孟艳, 高洋, 刘丹丹. 血管软化丸调控AMPK/NLRP3信号通路防治动脉粥样硬化的机制研究. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (5) : 35 -39 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.008
Hewei QIN, Mengnan WANG, Yanjie LI, Mengyan SUN, Yang GAO, Dandan LIU. Mechanism of Xuguan Ruanhua Pill(血管软化丸)Regulating AMPK/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway Against Atherosclerosis[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (5) : 35 -39 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.008
动脉粥样硬化是指糖脂异常积聚于大中动脉内壁而导致动脉硬化及其他继发病变的慢性代谢性疾病,其病机复杂,主要涉及内皮细胞损伤、脂质沉积、血管平滑肌细胞增殖迁移等多种病理过程,缺血性心脑血管疾病发生发展的病理基础[1-2]。研究表明,氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low-density lipoprotein,ox-LDL)可以促进NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)炎症小体激活,NLRP3炎症小体的激活参与AS的发生和发展,其含量与疾病严重程度呈正相关[3-4]。NLRP3被广泛认为能够通过诱导Caspase-1活化,加速细胞炎症因子如白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β和IL-18的分泌,加重代谢性疾病的炎症反应[5]。腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPactivated protein kinase,AMPK)是体内不可缺少的蛋白激酶,不仅参与糖脂代谢等多种生理过程,并能有效抑制NLRP3和炎症因子的表达,在动脉粥样硬化等代谢性疾病中起关键作用[6-7]。
中医药在治疗动脉粥样硬化中具有独特的优势,展现出广阔的发展前景。目前,中医药治疗动脉粥样硬化的主要作用机制主要包括调节脂质代谢、改善胰岛素抵抗、减轻氧化应激水平、调节肠道菌群失衡和抑制炎症因子释放等。研究的范围从传统方药扩展到自拟经验方,并且很多方药都经过长期临床应用实践,为中医药的辨证施治和进一步研究奠定了基础。血管软化丸是以由保和丸加减化裁而成的具有调节脂质代谢作用的中药复方,既往研究发现,血管软化丸具有明显的抑制炎症反应和调节脂质代谢的作用,可靶向脂蛋白脂肪酶(lipoprotein lipase,LPL)调控巨噬细胞,减少白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-6、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNFα)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(monocyte chemotactic protein 1,MCP-1)等炎症因子分泌和巨噬细胞脂质蓄积[8-9]。基于血管软化丸的抗炎、降脂功能,本研究以高脂喂养APOE-/-小鼠构建动脉粥样硬化模型,基于AMPK/NLRP3介导的细胞焦亡途径探讨血管软化丸对动脉粥样硬化小鼠的保护作用。
8周龄、体质量(20±2)g、雄性载脂蛋白E基因敲除(apolipoprotein E knockout,APOE-/-)小鼠购自杭州子源公司,合格证:20221012Abzz0105000687。所有动物饲养于河南中医药大学动物实验中心,(22±1)℃恒温、60%~75%恒湿、12 h循环照明,自由摄食、饮水。本研究所涉及的所有动物饲养及其他实验操作将由河南中医药大学动物实验中心伦理委员会和河南中医药大学第二临床医学院中心实验室进行审查和批准,本实验设计方案符合安全性和公平性原则,符合国家对医学实验动物的有关要求,伦理审核批准号:DWLL202209012。
AMPK抑制剂化合物C(Compound C)(货号:CC17243,GLPBIO);IL-1β试剂盒(货号:EK201BHS-AW1,MULTISCIENCES)和IL-18试剂盒(货号:EK218-AW1,MULTISCIENCES);HE染色试剂盒(货号:G1120,Solarbio);BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(批号:P0010,Beyotime)、ECL Plus超敏发光液(批号:PE0010,Solarbio)。油红O染液(货号:G1260,Solarbio)。AMPK(货号:10929-2-AP,Proteintech)、P-AMPK(货号:bs-14318R,Bioss)、NLRP3(货号:DF7438,Affinity)、Cleaved-Caspase 1(货号:AF4005,Affinity)、GSDMD-N(货号:AF4012,Affinity)、GAPDH(货号:10494-1-AP,Proteintech);2.5%电镜固定液(货号P1126,Solarbio)。
血管软化丸药物组成:山楂30 g,陈皮12 g,清半夏10 g,黄芪30 g,丹参12 g,三七12 g,莱菔子15 g。方中所有中药均来自河南中医药大学第二附属医院药剂科,按照要求制为颗粒剂,按照“人和动物体表面积折算的等效剂量比率表”换算为小鼠灌胃的低、高2个剂量:2.34、4.68 g/kg。阿托伐他汀钙片,购于辉瑞制药有限公司,20 mg/片。
Apo E-/-小鼠适应性饲养1周后给予全程高脂饲料喂养,于第12周末将小鼠随机分为6组:模型组、血管软化丸低剂量组、血管软化丸高剂量组、阿托伐他汀组、血管软化丸高剂量和AMPK抑制剂联合组(联合组)、AMPK抑制剂组,每组10只;另有10只C57 BL/6小鼠给予普通饲料作为对照组。
饲养12周后开始干预,对照组、模型组给予生理盐水10 mL/kg灌胃,血管软化丸低、高剂量组分别给予2.34、4.68 g/kg血管软化丸,阿托伐他汀组给予10 mg/kg阿托伐他汀,联合组在血管软化丸高剂量组的基础上腹腔注射Compound C 10 mg/kg,AMPK抑制剂组单独腹腔注射Compound C 10 mg/kg。1次/d,连续干预6周。
在实验最终日禁食12 h后,麻醉小鼠眼窝取血1~1.5 mL,颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,迅速解剖心脏、主动脉。将血液置于抗凝管中,静置3 h后以3000 r/min离心15 min,分离血清,冻存在-80℃的冰箱中以备使用。
应用全自动生化分析仪检测各组小鼠血清甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-eholesterol,LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白 -胆固醇(high density lipoprotein-eholesterol,HDL-C)水平。
HE染色:将经4%多聚甲醛固定48 h的心脏脱水后石蜡包埋,切成4μm厚的切片,贴片后烘干,经二甲苯脱蜡、梯度乙醇、蒸馏水后,苏木精-伊红染液染色,最后中性树脂封片于显微镜上观察。油红O染色:剥离小鼠主动脉弓至髂动脉分叉处,纵向解剖并在37℃水浴锅中用油红O染液染色1 h,75%乙醇洗色。使用Image J软件计算斑块面积。
剪取合适大小主动脉组织,磨碎匀浆,冰上静置1 h并离心,取上清,测定蛋白浓度,95℃变性5 min。使用10%SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶进行蛋白电泳,并将其转至PVDF膜上,室温下5%脱脂奶粉封闭2 h,特异性单克隆一抗AMPK(1∶1000)、P-AMPK(1∶1000)、NLRP3(1∶1000)、Cleaved-Caspase-1(1∶1500)、GSDMD-N(1∶1500)和GAPDH(1∶5000),4℃孵育过夜,洗涤后室温孵育二抗1 h。Image Lab软件目的条带和内参GAPDH的灰度值。
取适量主动脉组织,磨碎匀浆,采用IL-1β和IL-18试剂盒检测主动脉组织中IL-1β和IL-18的水平。
主动脉窦切片经补液和抗原修复后进行免疫组织化学测定,将主动脉窦切片和封闭缓冲液一起孵育,P-AMPK一抗4℃孵育过夜(1∶1000),二抗孵育50 min;修复后用NLRP3(1∶200)抗体4℃孵育过夜,二抗孵育50 min;DAPI复染,抗荧光淬灭剂封片,荧光显微镜观察,采集图像。
将长度约为2 mm的主动脉组织放入2.5%的戊二醛内固定,梯度脱水后用环氧树脂包埋,随后对主动脉组织进行超薄切片(70 nm),然后用饱和醋酸双氧铀水溶液和枸橼酸钠铅染色。在透射电镜下观察血管内皮细胞内超微结构。
用SPSS 22.0软件对实验数据进行统计学分析。计量资料以均数±标准差()表示,多组计量资料如正态分布且方差齐性,组间比较采用单因素方差分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
表1结果显示,与正常组相比,模型组小鼠血清TC、TG及LDL-C水平明显升高,HDL-C水平明显降低;与模型组相比,血管软化丸治疗组及阿托伐他汀组小鼠TC、TG及LDL-C水平下降,HDL-C水平上升;而与高剂量血管软化丸组相比,联合组小鼠TC、TG及LDL-C水平上升,HDLC水平下降,但与单纯腹腔注射AMPK抑制剂的小鼠相比,联合组小鼠血脂代谢紊乱的情况明显减轻(表1)。由此可见,血管软化丸能够有效改善AS小鼠的血脂代谢,抑制AMPK的表达会减弱血管软化丸对血脂代谢的改善作用。
如插页ⅩⅤ图1所示,血管软化丸会减轻APOE-/-小鼠主动脉粥样硬化病变,与正常组相比,模型组小鼠主动脉及其根部出现明显的斑块沉积;与模型组相比,血管软化丸高、低剂量组和阿托伐他汀组小鼠主动脉斑块沉积面积均明显减轻,其中高剂量组与低剂量组、阿托伐他汀组之间的差异均不具有统计学意义。联合组小鼠的主动脉斑块沉积情况较血管软化丸高剂量组小鼠加重,较Compound C组小鼠减轻(表2)。提示血管软化丸可能在动脉粥样硬化中具有保护作用,而Compound C逆转了血管软化丸对动脉粥样硬化的保护作用。
如插页ⅩⅤ图2所示,正常组主动脉组织结构完整,内皮细胞完整且排列有序;与正常组相比,模型组可观察到内皮细胞脱落,主动脉纤维层被破坏,出现了含脂质及胆固醇结晶的粥样斑块,胶原纤维结缔组织增生;与模型组比较,血管软化丸高、低剂量组及阿托伐他汀组的细胞病理形态改变减轻,病变区域的泡沫细胞及胶原纤维减少;与高剂量血管软化丸组相比,联合腹腔注射AMPK抑制剂的小鼠主动脉窦病变情况明显,但病变最严重的仍是单纯腹腔注射AMPK抑制剂的小鼠(表2)。
与正常组相比,模型组小鼠主动脉中IL-1β和IL-18的表达水平明显升高;各中药、西药治疗组均显著降低了主动脉炎症因子的表达。同先前的研究结果一致,与联合组相比,血管软化丸高剂量组的小鼠IL-1β、IL-18水平显著降低,抑制剂组水平显著升高(表3)。提示血管软化丸能够降低AS小鼠主动脉炎症因子的表达,但这种抑制作用会被AMPK抑制剂消除。
如图3所示,与正常组相比,模型组小鼠主动脉组织P-AMPK蛋白表达量显著降低,NLRP3、Cleaved-Caspase-1、GSDMD-N表达量均显著升高;与模型组比较,血管软化丸高、低剂量组及阿托伐他汀组小鼠主动脉组织P-AMPK表达均显著升高,NLRP3、Cleaved-Caspase-1、GSDMD-N表达均显著降低;在给予高剂量血管软化丸灌胃治疗时同时腹腔注射AMPK抑制剂Compound C显著降低了P-AMPK的表达,提高了NLRP3、Cleaved-Caspase-1、GSDMD-N的表达,而单独腹腔注射Compound C使蛋白趋势改变更加明显(表4)。免疫荧光共定位染色检测了P-AMPK和NLRP3在主动脉窦的表达,其结果与蛋白质印迹分析结果相对应(插页ⅩⅥ图4,表5),进一步验证了血管软化丸对AMPK/NLRP3信号通路的调控作用。
透射电子显微镜结果显示,与正常组相比,模型组小鼠主动脉血管内皮细胞表现出明显的形态改变,如细胞肿胀变形,胞质空泡化并伴有内容物流出,甚至出现细胞膜破裂、细胞核溶解;相比之下,各治疗组细胞病理形态改变程度减轻;而在使用AMPK抑制剂干预的小鼠主动脉中,内皮细胞的形态又呈现出不同程度的病理改变,如图所示。结合前期分子检测结果,提示血管软化丸能够有效抑制高脂饮食诱导的小鼠主动脉内皮细胞焦亡,而抑制AMPK磷酸化会逆转此种保护作用。见插页ⅩⅦ图5。
动脉粥样硬化是从大中动脉内膜受损开始,发生脂质代谢紊乱伴炎性细胞浸润,最终以脂质沉积形成斑块为特征的慢性炎症疾病。高血压、血脂异常等因素均有可能诱发血管内膜损伤,刺激动脉粥样硬化病变形成。目前,动脉粥样硬化的治疗策略仍以采用他汀类药物为主,但其常引起肝痛、肌损伤等不良反应[10]。
中药具有多角度、多靶点、多层次的特点,药物简便、药效平稳,能够发挥治病求本的特色,在治疗动脉粥样硬化这一疾病中有独特的优势[11]。现代中医学认为动脉粥样硬化主要病机是痰瘀互结、化热成毒与损伤络脉,“痰”“瘀”“毒”三者之间可相生或相互转化[12-13]。本研究所用血管软化丸由保和丸加减化裁而成,方中山楂消食化积、活血化瘀为君药;陈皮、半夏理气健脾、化痰散结,黄芪补气以行血,丹参、三七行气散结、活血化瘀,共为臣药;莱菔子理气消食为佐药;诸药合用,共奏消积化痰、活血化瘀之效[14]。既往临床研究表明,血管软化丸能够通过降低血清炎性因子,调节血脂代谢紊乱,改善血管内皮功能及血液流变学,抑制颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发展[15-16]。
细胞焦亡属于程序性细胞死亡方式的一种,焦亡经典途径由NLRP3炎症小体启动,并依赖于Caspase-1信号途径[17]。在生理情况下,炎症小体能够通过消除细胞损伤致病因素来保护机体免受病原体感染和氧化应激,然而,NLRP3的过度激活则会促进AS的发展[18]。研究表明,NLRP3炎症小体和IL-1β是AS发展的主要驱动因素[19]。AMPK是细胞内调节脂质代谢的关键分子,AMPK参与代谢相关心血管疾病的发生过程,激活AMPK可以通过减少泡沫细胞形成、保护血管内皮进而减少斑块形成,延缓AS进程。他汀类药物可以通过增加体外和体内的Thr-172磷酸化来快速激活AMPK,是此类药物降低血脂,抗炎抗氧化的主要机制之一[20-21]。AMPK活性抑制可通过激活NLRP3炎症小体发挥促焦亡作用,WU M等[22]的研究表明激活AMPK能够抑制哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)途径,从而抑制NLRP3炎症小体活化并缓解β细胞功能障碍中的焦亡。激活AMPK信号还可以通过改善自噬,减轻内质网应激,激活SIRT1和调节线粒体稳态,从而抑制NLRP3炎症小体,进一步改善炎症反应[23]。血管软化丸中的多种活性成分都可参与AMPK的激活,例如黄芪、三七中的黄酮类化合物槲皮素在体内和体外都能激活AMPK/过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子1α(peroxlsome proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactlvator-1α,PGC-1α)途径纠正线粒体的氧化应激、ATP生成减少[24]。山柰酚可以介导AMPK信号通路来调节自噬,进一步抑制细胞凋亡,以保护大脑免受缺血再灌注损伤[25]。
本研究发现,动脉粥样硬化模型小鼠主动脉组织p-AMPK表达明显降低,而NLRP3、Cleaved-Caspase-1、GSDMD-N蛋白表达水平显著升高,下调的p-AMPK可通过影响NLRP3表达进而上调Cleaved-Caspase-1及GSDMDN的表达,主动脉焦亡相关蛋白表达升高,促进了IL-1β、IL-18等炎症因子的表达水平,致使血管内皮细胞形态结构不规则,内皮细胞发生肿胀、坏死,内皮下间隙增大,细胞核减小伴形状不规则,异染色质边集在核膜附近,细胞膜破裂,胞质空泡化伴内容物丢失,诱发炎性反应及血管内皮损伤、脂质沉积等病理改变,导致动脉粥样硬化的发生[26]。经血管软化丸治疗后,AS小鼠血脂紊乱情况得以改善,IL-1β、IL-18等炎症因子水平显著降低,同时主动脉内皮细胞损伤程度减轻,细胞形态基本规则,基膜较为连续,细胞核形态基本正常,染色质分布均匀,部分细胞仍出现空泡化情况,脂质沉积形成粥样斑块情况减少,证实血管软化丸对动脉粥样硬化的治疗作用,且治疗后的小鼠主动脉中P-AMPK表达较模型组明显升高,NLRP3、Cleaved-Caspase-1、GSDMD-N蛋白表达水平呈降低趋势,提示血管软化丸调控AMPK/NLRP3信号通路基因及蛋白表达,抑制小鼠体内炎症反应和主动脉内皮细胞焦亡,延缓AS发展进程。为验证这一观点,在灌胃高剂量血管软化丸基础上给予APOE-/-小鼠AMPK抑制剂,此时血管软化丸对AS小鼠的保护作用被逆转,细胞损伤水平升高,再次出现基膜不连续、细胞及细胞核形态不规则、胞质空泡化的情况;与之相比,单纯使用AMPK抑制剂的小鼠进一步加重了内皮细胞损伤程度,促进了动脉粥样硬化进程。提示血管软化丸可通过促进AMPK表达抑制NLRP3介导的细胞焦亡,从而调节脂质代谢,抑制炎症反应,发挥动脉粥样硬化保护作用。
综上所述,血管软化丸可以减轻动脉粥样硬化小鼠的血脂紊乱和斑块沉积情况,减少血管炎症因子的产生和释放,保护血管内皮细胞,抑制炎性细胞浸润和主动脉血管壁增厚。此中药复方对动脉粥样硬化小鼠血管内皮细胞的保护作用机制可能与激活AMPK进而抑制NLRP3炎症小体介导的细胞经典焦亡途径有关。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(82374551)
  • 河南省高等学校重点科研项目(24B360003)
  • 中原英才计划中原青年拔尖人才项目(豫组通〔2021〕44号)
  • 河南省中医药拔尖人才培养项目专项(2022ZYBJ15)
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2025年第43卷第5期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.008
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(82374551)
河南省高等学校重点科研项目(24B360003)
中原英才计划中原青年拔尖人才项目(豫组通〔2021〕44号)
河南省中医药拔尖人才培养项目专项(2022ZYBJ15)
作者信息
    1.河南省中医院,河南 郑州 450002
    2.河南中医药大学,河南 郑州 450046
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zhzyyxk/CN/10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.008
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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