Article(id=1322923282349040056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923268038078806, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339089238, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339089238, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339089238, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339089238, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322923268038078806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1744214400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339085826, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340586453, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929562572686061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923268038078806, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929562572686062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923268038078806, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=26, endPage=32, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322923282588115385, articleId=1322923282349040056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Study on Mechanism of Sanzi Granules(三子颗粒)in Treating Skin Lesions in Rat Model of Chronic Eczema, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To treat the rat model of chronic eczema by Sanzi Granules(三子颗粒)and explore its mechanism of external treatment for chronic eczema.

Methods

Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Sanzi Granules group and Qingpeng Ointment(青鹏软膏)group,with 10 rats in each group. The rat models of chronic eczema were prepared by sensitization with dinitrochlorophenylacetone solution. The model group was given wet compress with normal saline,the Sanzi Granules group was given wet compress with Sanzi Granules lotion,and the Qingpeng Ointment group was externally applied with Qingpeng Ointment. Skin lesion score was used to evaluate the curative effect. HE staining method was used to observe the morphological changes of the skin tissue. The expressions of interferon gamma(IFN-γ)and interleukin-4(IL-4)in skin lesions were detected by immunohistochemical technique. The protein levels of interleukin-17(IL-17),forkhead transcription factor 3(Foxp3),phosphorylated-p38 mitogen activated protein kinase(p-p38MAPK),p38 mitogen activated protein kinase(p38MAPK),phosphorylated-nuclear factor-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)and nuclear factor-κB p65(NF-κB p65)in skin lesions were detected by Western blot.

Results

The model group rats showed hyperkeratosis and dyskeratosis,with significant thickening of both the granular and spinous layers,and coarser collagen fibers. In the model group,the number of mast cells was significantly increased,the protein expressions of IFN-γ and Foxp3 were decreased,and the protein expressions of IL-4,IL-17,p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 were increased. Compared with those of the model group,the skin lesion scores of the Sanzi Granules group was significantly reduced on the 6th,8th and 10th day. The alleviated pathological changes and the protein expressions of IFN-γ and Foxp3 significantly increased(P<0.01),the protein expressions of IL-4,p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 were significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01),while the expression of IL-17 decreased,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).

Conclusion

Sanzi Granules can inhibit hyperplasia of mast cells,up-regulate the protein levels of IFN-γ and Foxp3,and reduce protein levels of IL-4,IL-17,p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65,and play a therapeutic role in chronic eczema. These results preliminarily reveal the mechanism of Sanzi Granules treating chronic eczema.

, authors=Xing CHEN1, 2, Peiwei CONG1, Wei SUN2, Hongquan GUAN1, Xinhong LI2, Xizi WANG3, Diandong HOU4, Jing TIAN1, 2, authorsList=Xing CHEN, Peiwei CONG, Wei SUN, Hongquan GUAN, Xinhong LI, Xizi WANG, Diandong HOU, Jing TIAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Diandong HOU, Jing TIAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322923289156395492, articleId=1322923282349040056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=三子颗粒治疗大鼠慢性湿疹模型皮损的作用机制研究, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

应用三子颗粒治疗大鼠慢性湿疹模型,探讨其外治慢性湿疹的作用机制。

方法

40只SD雄性大鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组、三子颗粒组、青鹏软膏组,每组10只。以二硝基氯苯丙酮溶液制备大鼠慢性湿疹模型,模型组湿敷生理盐水,三子颗粒组湿敷三子颗粒洗剂,青鹏软膏组外用青鹏软膏。通过皮损评分评价疗效,苏木精-伊红染色法(hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE)染色观察皮肤组织形态学变化,甲苯胺蓝染色法观察皮肤组织肥大细胞数量,免疫组化技术检测皮损组织干扰素γ(interferon gamma,IFN-γ)、白介素4(interleukin-4,IL-4)的蛋白表达,Western blot法检测皮损组织中白介素17(interleukin-17,IL-17)、叉头样转录因子3(forkhead transcription factor 3,Foxp3)、磷酸化p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(phosphorylated-p38 mitogen activated protein kinase,p-p38MAPK)、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 mitogen activated protein kinase,p38MAPK)、磷酸化核转录因子-κB p65(phosphorylated-nuclear factor-κB p65,p-NFκB p65)、核转录因子-κB p65(nuclear factor-κB p65,NF-κB p65)的蛋白表达含量。

结果

模型组大鼠病理表现为角化过度、角化不全,颗粒层和棘层显著增厚,胶原纤维变粗;模型组肥大细胞数量显著升高,IFN-γ、Foxp3蛋白表达降低、IL-4、IL-17、p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65蛋白表达升高。与模型组比较,三子颗粒组的皮损评分在第6、8、10天均显著减少,病理改变减轻,IFN-γ、Foxp3表达明显增高(P<0.01)、IL-4、p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65表达均显著降低(P<0.05和P<0.01),IL-17表达下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

三子颗粒可通过抑制肥大细胞过度增生,上调IFN-γ、Foxp3的蛋白水平,降低IL-4、IL-17、p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65的蛋白水平,发挥其对慢性湿疹的治疗作用,初步揭示了三子颗粒外治慢性湿疹的作用机制。

, authors=陈兴1, 2, 丛培玮1, 孙巍2, 关洪全1, 李忻红2, 王希子3, 侯殿东4, 田静1, 2, authorsList=陈兴, 丛培玮, 孙巍, 关洪全, 李忻红, 王希子, 侯殿东, 田静, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=侯殿东, 田静, authorNote=

陈兴(1981-),女,辽宁瓦房店人,主任医师,博士,研究方向:皮肤免疫学。

, correspAuthorsNote=
侯殿东(1979-),男,辽宁大连人,教授,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:天然产物对炎症性疾病的治疗作用及机制。E-mail:。
田静(1958-),女,辽宁大连人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,学士,研究方向:过敏性皮肤病和颜面损容性皮肤病的中医药治疗。E-mail:。
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陈兴(1981-),女,辽宁瓦房店人,主任医师,博士,研究方向:皮肤免疫学。

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陈兴(1981-),女,辽宁瓦房店人,主任医师,博士,研究方向:皮肤免疫学。

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组别n用药前用药2 d用药4 d用药6 d用药8 d用药10 d
模型组105.70±1.904.00±2.064.10±1.454.50±1.284.40±0.803.90±0.79
三子颗粒组105.50±1.503.20±1.332.90±1.452.10±1.14**1.75±1.25**1.25±1.23**
青鹏软膏组105.80±2.443.50±1.752.90±1.452.20±1.54**1.85±0.98**1.20±0.71**
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各组大鼠皮损评分(±s)

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组别n用药前用药2 d用药4 d用药6 d用药8 d用药10 d
模型组105.70±1.904.00±2.064.10±1.454.50±1.284.40±0.803.90±0.79
三子颗粒组105.50±1.503.20±1.332.90±1.452.10±1.14**1.75±1.25**1.25±1.23**
青鹏软膏组105.80±2.443.50±1.752.90±1.452.20±1.54**1.85±0.98**1.20±0.71**
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组别n肥大细胞数量
正常组34.17±1.95
模型组321.83±1.77##
三子颗粒组38.17±2.11**
青鹏软膏组39.33±2.81**
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各组大鼠皮损组织肥大细胞数量(±s)

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组别n肥大细胞数量
正常组34.17±1.95
模型组321.83±1.77##
三子颗粒组38.17±2.11**
青鹏软膏组39.33±2.81**
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组别nIFN-γIL-4
正常组3124.09±13.3525.59±0.69
模型组323.73±3.10##89.13±1.26##
三子颗粒组375.52±15.13**50.50±1.72**
青鹏软膏组353.92±6.4050.41±1.71**
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各组大鼠皮损组织中IFN-γ、IL-4的蛋白表达(±s)

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组别nIFN-γIL-4
正常组3124.09±13.3525.59±0.69
模型组323.73±3.10##89.13±1.26##
三子颗粒组375.52±15.13**50.50±1.72**
青鹏软膏组353.92±6.4050.41±1.71**
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组别nIL-17Foxp3p-p38MAPK/p38MAPKp-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65
正常组30.94±0.071.15±0.140.80±0.170.68±0.02
模型组31.46±0.15##0.39±0.10##1.61±0.36#1.19±0.09##
三子颗粒组31.10±0.091.42±0.08**0.81±0.01*0.83±0.08*
青鹏软膏组31.09±0.13*1.51±0.27**0.74±0.28*0.52±0.18**
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各组大鼠皮损组织中IL-17、Foxp3、p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65蛋白表达的比较(±s)

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组别nIL-17Foxp3p-p38MAPK/p38MAPKp-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65
正常组30.94±0.071.15±0.140.80±0.170.68±0.02
模型组31.46±0.15##0.39±0.10##1.61±0.36#1.19±0.09##
三子颗粒组31.10±0.091.42±0.08**0.81±0.01*0.83±0.08*
青鹏软膏组31.09±0.13*1.51±0.27**0.74±0.28*0.52±0.18**
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三子颗粒治疗大鼠慢性湿疹模型皮损的作用机制研究
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陈兴 1, 2 , 丛培玮 1 , 孙巍 2 , 关洪全 1 , 李忻红 2 , 王希子 3 , 侯殿东 4 , 田静 1, 2
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(4): 26-32
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (4) : 26 -32
三子颗粒治疗大鼠慢性湿疹模型皮损的作用机制研究
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陈兴(1981-),女,辽宁瓦房店人,主任医师,博士,研究方向:皮肤免疫学。

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陈兴(1981-),女,辽宁瓦房店人,主任医师,博士,研究方向:皮肤免疫学。

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2.Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322923293258424859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923282349040056, authorId=1322923291492622871, language=CN, stringName=田静, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847
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陈兴1, 2, 丛培玮1, 孙巍2, 关洪全1, 李忻红2, 王希子3, 侯殿东4 , 田静1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847
  • 2.辽宁中医药大学附属医院,辽宁 沈阳 110032
  • 3.沈阳市第七人民医院,辽宁 沈阳 110032
  • 4.湖州师范学院,浙江 湖州 313000
通讯作者:
侯殿东(1979-),男,辽宁大连人,教授,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:天然产物对炎症性疾病的治疗作用及机制。E-mail:。
田静(1958-),女,辽宁大连人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,学士,研究方向:过敏性皮肤病和颜面损容性皮肤病的中医药治疗。E-mail:。
作者简介:

陈兴(1981-),女,辽宁瓦房店人,主任医师,博士,研究方向:皮肤免疫学。

Study on Mechanism of Sanzi Granules(三子颗粒)in Treating Skin Lesions in Rat Model of Chronic Eczema
Xing CHEN1, 2, Peiwei CONG1, Wei SUN2, Hongquan GUAN1, Xinhong LI2, Xizi WANG3, Diandong HOU4 , Jing TIAN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, Liaoning, China
  • 2.Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China
  • 3.Shenyang Seventh People's Hospital, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China
  • 4.Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
出版时间: 2025-04-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.005
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目的

应用三子颗粒治疗大鼠慢性湿疹模型,探讨其外治慢性湿疹的作用机制。

方法

40只SD雄性大鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组、三子颗粒组、青鹏软膏组,每组10只。以二硝基氯苯丙酮溶液制备大鼠慢性湿疹模型,模型组湿敷生理盐水,三子颗粒组湿敷三子颗粒洗剂,青鹏软膏组外用青鹏软膏。通过皮损评分评价疗效,苏木精-伊红染色法(hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE)染色观察皮肤组织形态学变化,甲苯胺蓝染色法观察皮肤组织肥大细胞数量,免疫组化技术检测皮损组织干扰素γ(interferon gamma,IFN-γ)、白介素4(interleukin-4,IL-4)的蛋白表达,Western blot法检测皮损组织中白介素17(interleukin-17,IL-17)、叉头样转录因子3(forkhead transcription factor 3,Foxp3)、磷酸化p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(phosphorylated-p38 mitogen activated protein kinase,p-p38MAPK)、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 mitogen activated protein kinase,p38MAPK)、磷酸化核转录因子-κB p65(phosphorylated-nuclear factor-κB p65,p-NFκB p65)、核转录因子-κB p65(nuclear factor-κB p65,NF-κB p65)的蛋白表达含量。

结果

模型组大鼠病理表现为角化过度、角化不全,颗粒层和棘层显著增厚,胶原纤维变粗;模型组肥大细胞数量显著升高,IFN-γ、Foxp3蛋白表达降低、IL-4、IL-17、p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65蛋白表达升高。与模型组比较,三子颗粒组的皮损评分在第6、8、10天均显著减少,病理改变减轻,IFN-γ、Foxp3表达明显增高(P<0.01)、IL-4、p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65表达均显著降低(P<0.05和P<0.01),IL-17表达下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

三子颗粒可通过抑制肥大细胞过度增生,上调IFN-γ、Foxp3的蛋白水平,降低IL-4、IL-17、p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65的蛋白水平,发挥其对慢性湿疹的治疗作用,初步揭示了三子颗粒外治慢性湿疹的作用机制。

慢性湿疹  /  三子颗粒  /  IFN-γ  /  IL-4  /  IL-17  /  Foxp3  /  p38MAPK/NF-κB p65
Objective

To treat the rat model of chronic eczema by Sanzi Granules(三子颗粒)and explore its mechanism of external treatment for chronic eczema.

Methods

Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Sanzi Granules group and Qingpeng Ointment(青鹏软膏)group,with 10 rats in each group. The rat models of chronic eczema were prepared by sensitization with dinitrochlorophenylacetone solution. The model group was given wet compress with normal saline,the Sanzi Granules group was given wet compress with Sanzi Granules lotion,and the Qingpeng Ointment group was externally applied with Qingpeng Ointment. Skin lesion score was used to evaluate the curative effect. HE staining method was used to observe the morphological changes of the skin tissue. The expressions of interferon gamma(IFN-γ)and interleukin-4(IL-4)in skin lesions were detected by immunohistochemical technique. The protein levels of interleukin-17(IL-17),forkhead transcription factor 3(Foxp3),phosphorylated-p38 mitogen activated protein kinase(p-p38MAPK),p38 mitogen activated protein kinase(p38MAPK),phosphorylated-nuclear factor-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)and nuclear factor-κB p65(NF-κB p65)in skin lesions were detected by Western blot.

Results

The model group rats showed hyperkeratosis and dyskeratosis,with significant thickening of both the granular and spinous layers,and coarser collagen fibers. In the model group,the number of mast cells was significantly increased,the protein expressions of IFN-γ and Foxp3 were decreased,and the protein expressions of IL-4,IL-17,p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 were increased. Compared with those of the model group,the skin lesion scores of the Sanzi Granules group was significantly reduced on the 6th,8th and 10th day. The alleviated pathological changes and the protein expressions of IFN-γ and Foxp3 significantly increased(P<0.01),the protein expressions of IL-4,p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 were significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01),while the expression of IL-17 decreased,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).

Conclusion

Sanzi Granules can inhibit hyperplasia of mast cells,up-regulate the protein levels of IFN-γ and Foxp3,and reduce protein levels of IL-4,IL-17,p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65,and play a therapeutic role in chronic eczema. These results preliminarily reveal the mechanism of Sanzi Granules treating chronic eczema.

chronic eczema  /  Sanzi Granules(三子颗粒)  /  IFN-γ  /  IL-4  /  IL-17  /  Foxp3  /  p38MAPK/NF-κB p65
陈兴, 丛培玮, 孙巍, 关洪全, 李忻红, 王希子, 侯殿东, 田静. 三子颗粒治疗大鼠慢性湿疹模型皮损的作用机制研究. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (4) : 26 -32 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.005
Xing CHEN, Peiwei CONG, Wei SUN, Hongquan GUAN, Xinhong LI, Xizi WANG, Diandong HOU, Jing TIAN. Study on Mechanism of Sanzi Granules(三子颗粒)in Treating Skin Lesions in Rat Model of Chronic Eczema[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (4) : 26 -32 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.005
湿疹是由多种内、外因素引起的真皮浅层及表皮炎症,皮疹呈多样性,慢性期以浸润、肥厚、角化、苔藓样变为特征,并伴有剧烈瘙痒,病程较长,病情易反复发作[1]。近年来,我国普通人口的患病率达到了7.5%[2]。湿疹的病因相当复杂,至今还没有被完全解释清楚,而传统的观点普遍认为这主要是由超敏反应所引发的。众多的炎症细胞和细胞因子通过免疫调控网络体系或信号通路传导参与了湿疹的发病。三子颗粒是辽宁中医药大学附属医院皮肤科院内制剂,应用于临床外治湿疹数十年,疗效显著,未见明显局部不良反应,但其药物作用机制尚不清楚。基于此,本研究通过建立大鼠慢性湿疹模型进行动物实验,探讨三子颗粒治疗慢性湿疹的作用机制。
SD大鼠雄性,40只,SPF级,体质量范围(250±25)g,许可证号:SCXK(辽)2020-0001(由辽宁长生生物技术股份有限公司提供)。实验大鼠饲养于辽宁中医药大学实验动物中心实验室,一鼠一笼饲养,实验动物中心许可证号:SYXK(辽)2019-0004。
三子颗粒(辽宁中医药大学附属医院院内制剂,批准文号:辽药制字Z20150671,生产批号:20211018)。青鹏软膏(甘肃奇正藏药有限公司,批准文号:国药准字Z54020140,生产批号:2109243)。
PAGE凝胶快速制备试剂盒,雅酶生物科技有限公司,批号:PG113(12.5%);基础型化学发光检测试剂盒(皮克级),雅酶生物科技,批号:SQ202;BCA蛋白定量试剂盒,弗德生物,批号:FD2001;柱式动物组织/细胞总蛋白抽提试剂盒,雅酶生物科技,批号:PC201;NF-κB p65一抗,武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司,批号:10745-1-AP;p-NF-κB p65一抗,Abcam,批号:ab76302;IFN-γ一抗,武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司,批号:15365-1-AP;IL-4一抗,武汉三鹰生物有限公司,批号:66142-1-Ig;IL-17一抗,武汉三鹰生物有限公司,批号:55169-1-AP;Foxp3一抗,武汉三鹰生物有限公司,批号:22228-1-AP;p38MAPK一抗,武汉三鹰生物有限公司,批号:12874-1-AP;p-p38MAPK一抗,武汉三鹰生物有限公司,批号:28796-1-AP;HRP Goat anti-Rat IgG,Abbkine,批号:A21040。
M-Blot快速转膜仪,中科通仪,TY-201-01;全能型转印系统,BIO-RAD,Trananblot Turbo;全自动数码凝胶图像分析系统,Tanon,5200;实时荧光定量PCR,Nikon,QuantStudio 3;LEICA切片机,Leica公司,型号:2245;荧光倒置显微镜,型号:Nikon公司;石蜡包埋机,亚光医用电子技术有限公司,型号:YB-7LF。
40只雄性SD大鼠,按照随机数字表法被随机分配到正常组、模型组、三子颗粒组和青鹏软膏组,每组10只。
对各组大鼠背部的A和B两个位置均进行剃毛处理,A位置面积是2 cm×2 cm,B位置面积则是4 cm×4 cm。正常组不致敏、不激发。其他各组大鼠在A位置的皮肤上涂抹7%的二硝基氯苯丙酮溶液100 μL进行致敏。致敏后,大鼠表现出强烈的瘙痒感,经常出现抓挠和打滚的行为,持续约2 h。7 d后,在B位置的皮肤涂抹0.7%的二硝基氯苯丙酮溶液200 μL进行激发。每隔5 d激发1次,每次激发后均可见大鼠因瘙痒剧烈而频繁搔抓、打滚。激发处渐渐出现红斑、丘疹或隆起的水肿红斑、渗出、结痂、抓痕、血痂、脱屑和角化肥厚,每次激发后均记录皮损情况,并评分和统计分析。在第6次激发后,各组大鼠皮损处均能观察到上述皮肤表现,停止激发。此后开始在B位置进行药物治疗。正常组无药物干预;模型组湿敷生理盐水;青鹏软膏组外用青鹏软膏,2次/d;三子颗粒组湿敷三子颗粒洗剂,2次/d,1 h/次。每组均用药10 d。
拍照记录B位置皮损用药前、后的情况,评分后统计分析。皮损评分方法参照湿疹面积及严重度指数(eczema area and severity Index,EASI)评分法中的临床症状评分[5]。皮损的临床表现分为5种,分别是红斑、硬肿或水肿/丘疹、表皮剥脱、渗出或结痂、苔藓化现象。对于每一种皮损的严重程度,评分标准是0~3分。0:无,经过仔细观察,体征仍不能确定;1:轻,体征确实存在,但需细致查看才能观察到;2:中,体征可以立刻观察到;3:重,体征显而易见。在各种症状的评分中,可以记取半级分,即0.5。红斑表现为红色或暗红色的炎症性斑,按压后褪色;丘疹或水肿为皮损出现针头般大小的丘疹或丘疱疹,或是隆起的红色斑块,即红斑水肿稍微隆起;表皮剥脱、抓痕是指通过搔抓造成的表皮损伤,这包括皮损上的线状糜烂和在角化皮损上的皲裂;渗出或结痂描述的是皮损表面的湿润状态,这也包括渗液干燥后形成的结痂;苔藓化导致的皮肤损伤表现为浸润和肥厚,以及角化过度现象。
对各组大鼠采用2%戊巴比妥钠,按2 mL/(kg·只)计量腹腔注射麻醉后,剪下B处皮肤,即刻10%中性甲醛固定液中固定组织块,脱水、石蜡包埋,烘箱65℃烤片3.5 h,37℃过夜,脱蜡后脱水,常规HE染色,光镜下观察皮肤组织形态学变化。
10%的福尔马林溶液固定新鲜皮肤组织,行常规脱水包埋处理,4 μm厚度石蜡组织切片,正常脱蜡后,系列乙醇脱蜡,甲苯胺蓝染色1~5 min,ddH2O反复清洗。冰醋酸分化大概25~30 s,生物显微镜必须以视野下颗粒清晰为最终效果。系列梯度环境的酒精展开脱水过程,二甲苯试剂透明,加以树胶固片。
石蜡包埋切片(4 μm厚),烘箱内70℃烤片1 h,二甲苯脱蜡,梯度乙醇脱水,3%双氧水避光10 min以灭活内源性酶,pH 6.0枸橼酸盐修复液高压热修复3 min,加入抗体,4℃孵育过夜;加入二抗,常温孵育30 min,DAB显色,镜下控制反应时间,染色后自来水冲洗,苏木素复染,再次梯度乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明,中性树胶封片。光镜下观察,阳性:表皮细胞胞浆内棕黄色颗粒,阴性:PBS代替一抗,每张切片随机选取5个200倍视野,观察大鼠上皮细胞中胞膜和部分胞浆中的棕黄色颗粒。Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件测定阳性信号的平均光密度值。
将B处皮损组织研磨后匀浆,离心,提取蛋白,5×loading buffer调整蛋白浓度。10%十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(SDS-PAGE)进行电泳,湿转法将蛋白转印到PVDF膜。用含5% BSA的Tris盐酸缓冲液封闭1 h后,封闭液稀释一抗,室温孵育30 min,4℃过夜。TBST洗膜5次,5 min/次。然后,膜与相应的氧化物酶(HRP)共轭二抗室温孵育1 h,TBST洗膜5次,5 min/次,β-actin抗体作为内参,采用增强型化学发光液(ECL)反应,曝光10~20 s,显影,定影。使用Image J软件分析蛋白强度。
使用Graphpad 8.0软件,对于计量资料数据采用进行统计描述,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,P<0.05说明差异存在统计学意义。
各组大鼠进行外用药物治疗之前,皮损处均表现出红斑、丘疹和/或水肿、表皮剥脱、渗出和/或结痂、苔藓化的症状,但在皮损评分上差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。相较于模型组,三子颗粒组和青鹏软膏组在第6天、第8天和第10天的皮损评分均有显著下降(P<0.01)。所观察到的皮肤红斑、丘疹和/或水肿、表皮剥脱、渗液和/或结痂以及苔藓化现象都较前减轻。见插页Ⅴ图1。与青鹏软膏组比较,三子颗粒组皮损评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),说明三子颗粒减轻皮损的疗效与青鹏软膏近似。见表1、图2。
正常组大鼠表皮及真皮结构完整,未见异常;模型组大鼠病理表现为角化过度及角化不全,颗粒层和棘层都显著地增厚,胶原纤维变粗。青鹏软膏组和三子颗粒组大鼠表皮角化过度、角化不全和颗粒层、棘层肥厚度均有减轻。见插页Ⅴ图3。
与正常组比较,模型组肥大细胞数量有显著升高(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,青鹏软膏组和三子颗粒组的肥大细胞数量均显著降低(P<0.01)。青鹏软膏组与三子颗粒组相比,肥大细胞数量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),说明三子颗粒对肥大细胞过度增生的抑制作用与青鹏软膏近似。见表2、图4、插页Ⅵ图5。
IFN-γ:相较于正常组,模型组的IFN-γ表达水平有所下降,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);相较于模型组,青鹏软膏组的IFN-γ表达有所上升,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);相较于模型组,三子颗粒组的IFN-γ表达水平有了明显的提升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。青鹏软膏组与三子颗粒组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
IL-4:相较于正常组,模型组的IL-4表达水平有了明显的提升,其差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);相较于模型组,青鹏软膏组、三子颗粒组表达均降低,差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);三子颗粒组与青鹏软膏组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表3、图6-图7、插页Ⅵ图8、插页Ⅶ图9。
IL-17:相较于正常组,模型组表达显著升高(P<0.01);相较于模型组,青鹏软膏组表达下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),三子颗粒组表达下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三子颗粒组与青鹏软膏组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
Foxp3:相较于正常组,模型组Foxp3表达明显下降(P<0.01);相较于模型组,青鹏软膏组、三子颗粒组表达均有较为明显的升高,差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);三子颗粒组与青鹏软膏组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK:相较于正常组,模型组表达升高(P<0.05);相较于模型组,青鹏软膏组、三子颗粒组表达均下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);三子颗粒组与青鹏软膏组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65:相较于正常组,模型组表达呈现明显升高趋势(P<0.01);相较于模型组,青鹏软膏组表达明显下降,蛋白表达有显著性差异(P<0.01);相较于模型组,三子颗粒组表达降低,蛋白结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三子颗粒组与青鹏软膏组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表4、图10-图15。
三子颗粒是辽宁中医药大学附属医院皮肤科院内制剂,由蛇床子、地肤子、苍耳子、苦参、黄柏、白鲜皮、芦荟、桑白皮、防风9味中药组成。方中“三子”蛇床子、地肤子、苍耳子功效清热燥湿、解毒祛风、杀虫止痒;苦参、黄柏、白鲜皮能清热燥湿解毒;芦荟长于泻火解毒、化瘀润燥;防风、桑白皮长于祛风止痒。临床应用外治慢性湿疹数十年,疗效明显,具有外用方便、局部不良反应少等特点,广受患者好评。湿疹是一种影响表皮和真皮浅层的炎症性疾病。关于湿疹的研究已有数个世纪的历史,但是其完全治愈仍然是皮肤科的一个难题。近年来,关于湿疹的发病机制,研究者们从炎性细胞、细胞因子导致的免疫失衡以及激活相关信号通路传导途径等方面开展了深入研究。本研究正是从上述角度,探讨三子颗粒外治慢性湿疹的分子机制。
在湿疹病理发展进程中,肥大细胞及其相关介质在湿疹的病理发展进程中发挥了极为重要的作用。Toshiaki及其研究团队发现,肥大细胞是引发湿疹的主导因素。控制或抑制肥大细胞的过度增生是治疗超敏反应的核心环节[6]。在本研究中,模型组的肥大细胞的数量显著超过了正常组。相较于模型组,青鹏软膏组与三子颗粒组的肥大细胞数量均明显减少。青鹏软膏组与三子颗粒组相比,肥大细胞数量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),说明二者对肥大细胞过度增生的抑制作用近似。
深入研究发现,辅助性T细胞1/辅助性T细胞2(Helper T cell1/Helper T cell2,Th1/Th2)和辅助性T细胞17/调节性T细胞(Helper T cell17/Regulatory T-cell,Th17/Treg)之间的免疫功能失衡,被认为是湿疹已知的关键发病原因。Th1、Th2、Th17、Treg以及它们标志性的IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-17和Foxp3之间,都存在着一种相互影响和调节的关系[7]。IFN-γ的分泌主要是由Th1细胞驱动的,它可以抑制Th2细胞产生IL-4并阻止B细胞产生IgE,而Th2细胞介导的IL-4则主要对Th1细胞起到抑制作用,同时也促进B细胞产生IgE,这两种细胞之间存在相互抑制和拮抗的关系,从而保持Th1与Th2的平衡状态[8]。近期的科学研究揭示,CD4+ T细胞不只是分化为Th1和Th2,它们还涵盖了辅助性T淋巴家族中的Th17和Treg等亚群。
已有临床研究表明,湿疹患者体内的Th17/Treg处于失衡状态[9]。李晓燕等研究发现肛周湿疹患者经治疗后,Th17细胞亚群显著降低,Treg细胞亚群显著升高,表明可通过调节Treg/Th17免疫平衡,来发挥治疗湿疹的作用[10]。慢性湿疹不仅是一种皮肤炎症反应,其实质还是屏障功能受损性疾病,因此在抗炎治疗的过程中,也需要对皮肤屏障予以修护,以阻断湿疹病理进展中的恶性循环[11],杨凡等推测可通过调节Th17/Treg平衡状态,对角质形成细胞产生影响,进而增强湿疹皮肤的屏障功能[12]。IL-17是Th17细胞的主要效应因子[13],在湿疹的病理生理机制中,它发挥了不可或缺的角色。研究发现,IL-17在健康的皮肤组织细胞中并没有表达,但在急性和慢性湿疹的患者中,无论是表皮角质形成细胞还是真皮浸润淋巴细胞,都存在IL-17的表达[14]。从另一个角度看,Treg是身体内的一种免疫反应被抑制的细胞,对多种Th细胞尤其是Th17细胞免疫反应产生抑制作用,发挥重要的机体免疫平衡作用[15]。Foxp3是Tregs的特异性标志,Foxp3不仅能够直接抑制免疫激活,还可以对Tregs的细胞发育、功能和免疫稳态产生影响,并在免疫性疾病和许多其他疾病的免疫耐受和平衡中起重要作用[16-17]。
本研究发现,相较于正常组,模型组IL-4和IL-17的蛋白表达水平均显著升高,IFN-γ、Foxp3明显降低,与文献报道相一致,表明IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-17、Foxp3均参与了湿疹的炎症反应;与模型组相比,三子颗粒组、青鹏软膏组的IL-4、IL-17蛋白水平均降低,IFN-γ、Foxp3均增高,提示上述细胞因子调节了导致湿疹发病的免疫失衡状态,修护了受损的皮肤屏障功能。三子颗粒组与青鹏软膏组相比,上述指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),说明三子颗粒组与青鹏软膏组作用效果相近。上述结果表明,免疫失衡是诱发湿疹的重要原因之一,三子颗粒对改善湿疹大鼠免疫水平有一定的意义。
MAPK是丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶家族中的一员,p38MAPK被认为是与炎症关系最为密切的通道[18]。在炎症反应过程中,通过将非磷酸化状态转变为磷酸化状态,从而促使下游底物的磷酸化水平升高,以实现信号快速传递,通过介导炎症反应而促进炎性介质的分泌[19]。张荣榕等研究证实,湿疹的发生破坏了Th1/Th2的表达平衡,通过释放促炎因子,使p38MAPK信号通路被激活,从而增强了炎症反应程度,加速了湿疹的病情进展[20]。近期研究表明,中断p38MAPK级联反应可以有效地缓解炎症反应,可减轻湿疹早期皮损症状。黄翠萍等实验结果亦证实,IL-4的产生和作用可依赖p38蛋白激酶的活化[21]。马敬雪发现通过激活p38MAPK信号通路可有效地抑制Foxp3的表达,并在Treg细胞的凋亡过程中发挥作用,同时也会影响与凋亡相关的蛋白表达[22]。张明昊等观察到,在湿疹大鼠的背部皮肤组织中,p38 MAPK和p-p38MAPK蛋白的表达量明显上升,这揭示了p38 MAPK的磷酸化程度与湿疹的发生有一定的关联性[23]。
NF-κB是一种经典的转录因子,在湿疹、骨关节炎、类风湿关节炎、哮喘等多种炎症性疾病的发生及发展过程中,通过病理性激活参与免疫反应、炎症相关反应、细胞内信号传递等多个过程。NF-κB p65被视为NF-κB中最核心的功能子单位之一,NF-κB p65的磷酸化和乙酰化状态会直接决定其转录反应的强度和持久性。文海泉等研究发现,在特应性湿疹患者的外周血单核细胞中,NF-κB的活性显著上升,并且随着病情的进一步加重,NF-κB的活性也呈现出增加的趋势;IL-4和lgE的表达水平明显提升,而IFN-γ和IL-12的表达水平则明显下降[24]。IL-17的异常表达与慢性炎症性疾病和自身免疫疾病之间存在着紧密的联系。IL-17在与受体结合之后,具有激活MAPK和NF-κB的能力,并进一步使树突状细胞、单核细胞以及成纤维细胞被激活。这个过程对中性粒细胞的分化、成熟和活化起到了促进作用,并最终通过促炎性因子等机制与体内免疫系统建立联系,导致组织炎性细胞浸润,以发挥其生物学活性[25-26]。通过使用NF-κB诱骗剂来抑制其活性,可逆转Th17和Treg之间的失衡现象,通过减少炎性细胞因子的活性,可以有效地缓解炎症的反应[27]。p38MAPK能够促进核NF-κB复合体中的TATA结合蛋白进行磷酸化作用,从而对NF-κB的转录功能产生影响[28]。当p38MAPK被激活时,这可能会引起组蛋白H3的磷酸化反应,进而促进NF-κB与目标基因之间的紧密结合和转录活动[28]。NF-κB作为p38MAPK信号通路被激活后的下游作用靶点,其活化后可促进NF-κB p65进入细胞核,将信号向下级靶点传导,改变炎症细胞因子的表达量[29]。李孜怡等实验研究亦表明,p-p38MAPK与NF-κB,是促进炎症因子释放,诱导湿疹发生的关键[30]。
本研究证实,与正常组相比较,模型组p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65蛋白表达量升高,表明p38MAPK/NF-κB信号通路参与了湿疹的发病;与模型组相比,青鹏软膏组、三子颗粒组蛋白相对表达量均下降,说明青鹏软膏、三子颗粒具有抑制p38MAPK/NF-κB信号通路激活的能力,并能降低炎症细胞因子的表达水平;与青鹏软膏组相对照,三子颗粒组在上述各项指标上的差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05),提示二者外治慢性湿疹疗效相似。
以上研究提示p38MAPK与NF-κB通路之间的联系,可能通过相互影响或诱导多种细胞因子的功能改变,引发了Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg免疫失衡的发生,从而诱发了湿疹的发病。三子颗粒可能通过以上作用机制发挥其对慢性湿疹的治疗作用,这为其治疗慢性湿疹实现成果转化提供了客观实验学数据,也为外治湿疹的新药研发提供了思路。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(81774023)
  • 辽宁省教育厅面上项目(LJKZ0896)
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2025年第43卷第4期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.005
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-04-10
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(81774023)
辽宁省教育厅面上项目(LJKZ0896)
作者信息
    1.辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847
    2.辽宁中医药大学附属医院,辽宁 沈阳 110032
    3.沈阳市第七人民医院,辽宁 沈阳 110032
    4.湖州师范学院,浙江 湖州 313000

通讯作者:

侯殿东(1979-),男,辽宁大连人,教授,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:天然产物对炎症性疾病的治疗作用及机制。E-mail:。
田静(1958-),女,辽宁大连人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,学士,研究方向:过敏性皮肤病和颜面损容性皮肤病的中医药治疗。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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