Article(id=1322923154930270722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923011518628427, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.03.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339058858, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339058858, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339058858, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339058858, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322923011518628427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1741536000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339024666, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340602374, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929628976906432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923011518628427, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929628981100737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923011518628427, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=96, endPage=102, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322923155500696068, articleId=1322923154930270722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Effect of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction(补中益气汤)on Brain Mitochondrial Function to Improve Cognitive Ability in The Offsprings of Maternal SCH Rats through Regulating DNA Methyltransferase, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To study the effect of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction(补中益气汤)on the neural development of the offsprings of subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH)rats and explore its possible mechanism of action. At the same time,to compare the therapeutic effects of different doses of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.

Methods

Adult female SD rats were used to establish an SCH model using total thyroidectomy and postoperative subcutaneous injection of L-T4,and the rats were randomly divided into the following 6 groups:sham surgery group,model group,low-dose group of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction[4.1 g/(kg·d)],medium dose group of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction[8.19 g/(kg·d)],high-dose group of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction[16.38 g/(kg·d)],euthyrox group[4.5μɡ/(kg·d)]. After completing the SCH model,the model rats mated with normal male rats in a cage,and started administration 2 weeks before mating until sample collection. The samples were taken out from placental tissue at day 13 of pregnancy(E13)and brain tissue from offsprings at day 7 after birth(P7). Water maze experiments were performed on offsprings at day 21. Radioimmunoassay(RIA)method was used to detect total thyroxine(T4)in serum. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)in serum. The mitochondrial morphology of brain tissue was observed through electron microscopy. Intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)was detected by DCFH-DA probe method. Mitochondrial DNA copy number was detected by using RT-PCR. DNA methyltransferase(DNMT)1,DNMT3a,DNMT3b,ten-eleven-translocation protein(TET)1 and TET2 were detected by the Western blotting(Wb)method.

Result

Compared with those of the sham surgery group,the serum TSH levels of the model group were significantly increased,the Morris water maze scores of the 21-day offspring rats were significantly decreased,and the morphology of neuronal mitochondria was damaged under electron microscopy. On day 13,the levels of ROSincreased and the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and Ⅱ decreased in placental tissue and brain tissue of 7-day offspring rats. On day 7,the grayscale values of DNMT1,DNMT3a and DNMT3b proteins promoted methylation in brain tissue decreased,and the levels of TET1 and TET2 proteins regulated by reverse methylation increased. Compared with those of the model group,the medium dose and high dose groups of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction as well as the Western medicine group can reduce the elevated TSH levels in SCH rats,improve Morris water maze performance in 21-day offspring rats,reduce ROS levels and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and Ⅱ activity in brain tissue,improve the morphology of neuronal mitochondria in offspring rats,increase the grayscale values of methylated DNMT1,DNMT3a and DNMT3b proteins,and reduce the levels of TET1 and TET2 proteins regulated by reverse methylation.

Conclusion

Buzhong Yiqi Decoction can improve the learning and memory abilities of offsprings of maternal SCH rats,and its mechanism may be related to regulating methylation to improve mitochondrial energy metabolism and restore mitochondrial function.

, authors=Wei CHEN1, 2, Yangling HUANG1, Qiang FU1, Xiaoyu LI1, Yuehua WU2, Xiande MA1, Tianshu GAO3, Lianqun JIA1, Jia WANG1, authorsList=Wei CHEN, Yangling HUANG, Qiang FU, Xiaoyu LI, Yuehua WU, Xiande MA, Tianshu GAO, Lianqun JIA, Jia WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lianqun JIA, Jia WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322923160798102054, articleId=1322923154930270722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=补中益气汤调节DNA甲基化酶影响SCH母鼠后代脑线粒体功能改善认知能力, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

研究补中益气汤对亚临床甲状腺功能减退(subclinical hypothyroidism,SCH)母鼠后代脑神经发育的影响并探讨其可能作用机制,同时比较了不同中药剂量与西药的疗效作用。

方法

SD成年雌性大鼠,采用“甲状腺全切+术后左甲状腺激素(Leftothyroxine,L-T4)皮下注射”建立SCH模型。随机分为以下6组:假手术组、模型组、补中益气汤低剂量组(4.1 g/kg·d)、补中益气汤中剂量组(8.19 g/kg·d)、补中益气汤高剂量组(16.38 g/kg·d)、优甲乐组(4.5 μg/kg·d),完成SCH大鼠模型后与正常的雄鼠合笼交配,交配前2周开始给药直至取材。取材为孕13 d(E13)胎盘组织、出生后7 d(P7)仔鼠脑组织,21 d(P21)仔鼠行水迷宫实验。放射免疫法(Radioimmunoassay,RIA)检测血清中T4(T4);酶联免疫吸附试验(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血清中促甲状腺激素(Thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH);电镜观察脑组织线粒体形态学;采用2,7-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)探针法检测细胞内ROS;比色法检测线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ活性;蛋白质印迹(Western blotting,Wb)方法检测DNA甲基转移酶(DNA methyltransferase,DNMT)DNMT1、DNMT3a、DNMT3b,及DNA去甲基化酶10-11易位蛋白(ten-eleven-translocation protein,TET)TET1、TET2。

结果

与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠血清促甲状腺激素(thyroid-stimulating hormone,TSH)水平明显升高、P21 d仔鼠Morris水迷宫成绩显著下降、电镜下神经元线粒体形态破坏;E13 d胎盘组织和P7 d仔鼠脑组织中活性氧(ROS)水平升高、线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ活性降低,P7 d脑组织促甲基化DNMT1、DNMT3a及DNMT3b蛋白灰度值下降、甲基化反向调节TET1、TET2蛋白水平上升。与模型组比较,补中益气汤中剂量组和高剂量组及西药组可降低SCH大鼠升高的TSH水平、改善P21 d仔鼠Morris水迷宫成绩、降低脑组织中ROS水平及线粒体呼吸链复合物I、Ⅱ活性,改善仔鼠神经元线粒体的形态,升高甲基化DNMT1、DNMT3a及DNMT3b蛋白灰度值水平、降低甲基化反向调节TET1、TET2蛋白水平。

结论

补中益气汤可改善SCH母鼠后代仔鼠的学习记忆能力,其机制可能与调节甲基化进而改善线粒体能量代谢水平恢复线粒体功能有关。

, authors=陈巍1, 2, 黄杨玲1, 付强1, 李晓钰1, 武跃华2, 马贤德1, 高天舒3, 贾连群1, 王佳1, authorsList=陈巍, 黄杨玲, 付强, 李晓钰, 武跃华, 马贤德, 高天舒, 贾连群, 王佳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=贾连群, 王佳, authorNote=

陈巍(1980-),女,辽宁铁岭人,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治内分泌代谢病。

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贾连群(1975-),女,辽宁营口人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中西医结合防治心血管疾病。E-mail:。
王佳(1984-),女,辽宁沈阳人,主治医师,博士后在站,研究方向:中西医结合防治心血管疾病。E-mail:。
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陈巍(1980-),女,辽宁铁岭人,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治内分泌代谢病。

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陈巍(1980-),女,辽宁铁岭人,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治内分泌代谢病。

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注:1.对照组;2.模型组;3.补中益气汤低剂量组;4.补中益气汤中剂量组;5.补中益气汤高剂量组;6.优甲乐组。

, figureFileSmall=SS0EeTMHn8YivZBFjZn9ug==, figureFileBig=+ERA5/EU+zEEtO3xqZhbXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322923175524303487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923154930270722, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别nTSH/(μIU·mL-1)TT4/(ng·mL-1)
模型组8137.349(114.7,163.2)a142.885(118.1,167.5)
假手术组8102.495(82.9,106.1)152.440(131.7,168.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1322923177508209280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923154930270722, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组大鼠TSH、TT4指标检测

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别nTSH/(μIU·mL-1)TT4/(ng·mL-1)
模型组8137.349(114.7,163.2)a142.885(118.1,167.5)
假手术组8102.495(82.9,106.1)152.440(131.7,168.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1322923177587901058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923154930270722, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别n剂量/(mg·kg-1)ALT/(U·L-1)AST/(U·L-1)GGT/(U·L-1)CREA/(μmol·L-1)
假手术组8-49.17±11.16122.67±26.320.50±0.5529.17±6.43
模型组8-54.50±10.37a118.00±25.33a0.17±0.41a30.00±6.07a
补中益气汤低剂量组84.153.17±14.02a133.83±36.76a-0.17±0.41a30.17±7.70a
补中益气汤中剂量组88.1945.17±3.66a104.00±10.64a0.17±0.75a24.17±1.17a
补中益气汤高剂量组816.3848.17±9.20a115.50±26.32a-0.33±0.52a32.00±5.02a
优甲乐组80.004554.50±12.88a121.67±29.24a0.17±0.41a30.83±7.03a
), ArticleFig(id=1322923177982165635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923154930270722, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各组大鼠血清肝功、肾功指标()

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别n剂量/(mg·kg-1)ALT/(U·L-1)AST/(U·L-1)GGT/(U·L-1)CREA/(μmol·L-1)
假手术组8-49.17±11.16122.67±26.320.50±0.5529.17±6.43
模型组8-54.50±10.37a118.00±25.33a0.17±0.41a30.00±6.07a
补中益气汤低剂量组84.153.17±14.02a133.83±36.76a-0.17±0.41a30.17±7.70a
补中益气汤中剂量组88.1945.17±3.66a104.00±10.64a0.17±0.75a24.17±1.17a
补中益气汤高剂量组816.3848.17±9.20a115.50±26.32a-0.33±0.52a32.00±5.02a
优甲乐组80.004554.50±12.88a121.67±29.24a0.17±0.41a30.83±7.03a
), ArticleFig(id=1322923178351264389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923154930270722, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别n剂量/(mg·kg-1)第1天/(s)第2天/(s)第3天/(s)第4天/(s)第5天/(s)
假手术组8-46.30±3.4446.80±1.7233.50±1.8726.00±2.1018.10±3.87
模型组8-47.17±1.4747.00±1.9043.00±3.14a40.00±1.38a35.00±2.42a
补中益气汤低剂量组84.147.50±1.3846.67±1.2143.17±3.60a,c37.33±3.33a,b,c33.00±3.22a,c
补中益气汤中剂量组88.1947.33±1.6347.33±1.2136.83±1.47a,b32.83±1.47a,b23.67±3.14a,b
补中益气汤高剂量组816.3847.33±1.3746.33±1.5139.83±3.66a,b37.50±2.43a,b30.00±6.90a,b
优甲乐组80.004547.17±1.4747.33±1.3737.83±1.17a,b33.50±3.08a,b24.17±2.79a,b
), ArticleFig(id=1322923178443539077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923154930270722, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

补中益气汤对仔鼠逃避潜伏期影响()

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别n剂量/(mg·kg-1)第1天/(s)第2天/(s)第3天/(s)第4天/(s)第5天/(s)
假手术组8-46.30±3.4446.80±1.7233.50±1.8726.00±2.1018.10±3.87
模型组8-47.17±1.4747.00±1.9043.00±3.14a40.00±1.38a35.00±2.42a
补中益气汤低剂量组84.147.50±1.3846.67±1.2143.17±3.60a,c37.33±3.33a,b,c33.00±3.22a,c
补中益气汤中剂量组88.1947.33±1.6347.33±1.2136.83±1.47a,b32.83±1.47a,b23.67±3.14a,b
补中益气汤高剂量组816.3847.33±1.3746.33±1.5139.83±3.66a,b37.50±2.43a,b30.00±6.90a,b
优甲乐组80.004547.17±1.4747.33±1.3737.83±1.17a,b33.50±3.08a,b24.17±2.79a,b
), ArticleFig(id=1322923178762306182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923154930270722, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别n剂量/(mg·kg-1)跨越平台次数/(次)
假手术组8-10.50±3.73
模型组8-1.50±0.55a,c
补中益气汤低剂量组84.102.83±0.98a,c
补中益气汤中剂量组88.196.83±2.79a,b
补中益气汤高剂量组816.386.67±2.16a,b
优甲乐组80.00456.67±1.37a,b
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P21 d补中益气汤对仔鼠空间探索影响()

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组别n剂量/(mg·kg-1)跨越平台次数/(次)
假手术组8-10.50±3.73
模型组8-1.50±0.55a,c
补中益气汤低剂量组84.102.83±0.98a,c
补中益气汤中剂量组88.196.83±2.79a,b
补中益气汤高剂量组816.386.67±2.16a,b
优甲乐组80.00456.67±1.37a,b
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组别n剂量/(mg·kg-1)TSH/(μIU·mL-1)TT4/(ng·mL-1)
假手术组8-77.71±4.45155.51±55.04
模型组8-280.82±12.48a133.88±22.21
补中益气汤低剂量组84.1209.96±30.16a,c141.92±7.15
补中益气汤中剂量组88.1987.93±15.80b144.10±20.42
补中益气汤高剂量组816.3892.16±15.50b,c143.86±32.81
优甲乐组80.0045140.68±19.03b,c147.04±19.75
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补中益气汤对SCH母鼠甲功的影响()

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组别n剂量/(mg·kg-1)TSH/(μIU·mL-1)TT4/(ng·mL-1)
假手术组8-77.71±4.45155.51±55.04
模型组8-280.82±12.48a133.88±22.21
补中益气汤低剂量组84.1209.96±30.16a,c141.92±7.15
补中益气汤中剂量组88.1987.93±15.80b144.10±20.42
补中益气汤高剂量组816.3892.16±15.50b,c143.86±32.81
优甲乐组80.0045140.68±19.03b,c147.04±19.75
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组别n剂量/(mg·kg-1)ROS(E13)ROS(P7)
假手术组8-2180.78±65.472202.67±72.99
模型组8-5342.61±45.77a,c5365.78±68.44a
补中益气汤低剂量组84.104933.94±812.15a,b,c4889.17±306.87b,c
补中益气汤中剂量组88.193747.37±629.04a,b3146.15±267.97b
补中益气汤高剂量组816.384401.83±273.43a,b,c3840.59±151.46b,c
优甲乐组80.00453566.22±277.94a,b3479.48±171.75b,c
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补中益气汤对E13 d胎盘组织线粒体、P7 d脑组织线粒体ROS水平影响()

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组别n剂量/(mg·kg-1)ROS(E13)ROS(P7)
假手术组8-2180.78±65.472202.67±72.99
模型组8-5342.61±45.77a,c5365.78±68.44a
补中益气汤低剂量组84.104933.94±812.15a,b,c4889.17±306.87b,c
补中益气汤中剂量组88.193747.37±629.04a,b3146.15±267.97b
补中益气汤高剂量组816.384401.83±273.43a,b,c3840.59±151.46b,c
优甲乐组80.00453566.22±277.94a,b3479.48±171.75b,c
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组别n剂量/(mg·kg-1)Comples Ⅰ(E13)Comples Ⅰ(P7)
假手术组8-23.87±1.4123.68±1.11
模型组8-13.02±0.38a,a12.20±0.47a
补中益气汤低剂量组84.1013.15±0.64a,b,c12.96±0.61a,c
补中益气汤中剂量组88.1920.72±1.07a,b20.57±0.86a,b
补中益气汤高剂量组816.3818.24±0.84a,b18.95±0.42a,b,c
优甲乐组80.004519.73±0.87a,b20.06±1.31a,b
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补中益气汤对E13 d胎盘组织、P7 d仔鼠脑组织线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ影响()

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组别n剂量/(mg·kg-1)Comples Ⅰ(E13)Comples Ⅰ(P7)
假手术组8-23.87±1.4123.68±1.11
模型组8-13.02±0.38a,a12.20±0.47a
补中益气汤低剂量组84.1013.15±0.64a,b,c12.96±0.61a,c
补中益气汤中剂量组88.1920.72±1.07a,b20.57±0.86a,b
补中益气汤高剂量组816.3818.24±0.84a,b18.95±0.42a,b,c
优甲乐组80.004519.73±0.87a,b20.06±1.31a,b
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组别n剂量/(mg·kg-1)Comples Ⅱ(E13)Comples Ⅱ(P7)
假手术组8-33.73±1.31b32.95±1.33b
模型组8-22.08±1.76a21.49±1.00a
补中益气汤低剂量组84.1021.98±1.31a,c20.86±0.45a,c
补中益气汤中剂量组88.1929.06±0.76a,b29.56±1.10a,b
补中益气汤高剂量组816.3825.79±3.22a,b,c26.39±2.74a,b,c
优甲乐组80.004529.12±1.63a,b29.49±1.91a,b
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补中益气汤对E13 d胎盘组织、P7 d仔鼠脑组织线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅱ影响()

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组别n剂量/(mg·kg-1)Comples Ⅱ(E13)Comples Ⅱ(P7)
假手术组8-33.73±1.31b32.95±1.33b
模型组8-22.08±1.76a21.49±1.00a
补中益气汤低剂量组84.1021.98±1.31a,c20.86±0.45a,c
补中益气汤中剂量组88.1929.06±0.76a,b29.56±1.10a,b
补中益气汤高剂量组816.3825.79±3.22a,b,c26.39±2.74a,b,c
优甲乐组80.004529.12±1.63a,b29.49±1.91a,b
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组别n剂量/(mg·kg-1)TET2/β-actinTET1/β-actinDNMT3b/β-actinDNMT3a/β-actinDNMT1/β-actin
假手术组8-0.45±0.010.34±0.011.61±0.011.12±0.231.45±0.02
模型组8-1.18±0.00a1.19±0.00a0.22±0.00a0.34±0.07a0.42±0.01a
补中益气汤低剂量组84.101.00±0.00b,c0.91±0.01b,c0.28±0.01b,c0.35±0.03c0.51±0.01b,c
补中益气汤中剂量组88.190.68±0.01b0.51±0.01b1.11±0.01b0.83±0.17b0.88±0.03b
补中益气汤高剂量组816.380.87±0.01b,c0.75±0.01b,c0.76±0.00b,c0.61±0.13b0.64±0.02b,c
优甲乐组80.00450.75±0.01b,c0.55±0.00b,c0.73±0.00b,c0.70±0.14b0.76±0.03b,c
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补中益气汤对P7 d仔鼠脑组织DNMT1、DNMT3a、DNMT3b、TET1、TET2蛋白表达影响()

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组别n剂量/(mg·kg-1)TET2/β-actinTET1/β-actinDNMT3b/β-actinDNMT3a/β-actinDNMT1/β-actin
假手术组8-0.45±0.010.34±0.011.61±0.011.12±0.231.45±0.02
模型组8-1.18±0.00a1.19±0.00a0.22±0.00a0.34±0.07a0.42±0.01a
补中益气汤低剂量组84.101.00±0.00b,c0.91±0.01b,c0.28±0.01b,c0.35±0.03c0.51±0.01b,c
补中益气汤中剂量组88.190.68±0.01b0.51±0.01b1.11±0.01b0.83±0.17b0.88±0.03b
补中益气汤高剂量组816.380.87±0.01b,c0.75±0.01b,c0.76±0.00b,c0.61±0.13b0.64±0.02b,c
优甲乐组80.00450.75±0.01b,c0.55±0.00b,c0.73±0.00b,c0.70±0.14b0.76±0.03b,c
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补中益气汤调节DNA甲基化酶影响SCH母鼠后代脑线粒体功能改善认知能力
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陈巍 1, 2 , 黄杨玲 1 , 付强 1 , 李晓钰 1 , 武跃华 2 , 马贤德 1 , 高天舒 3 , 贾连群 1 , 王佳 1
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(3): 96-102
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (3) : 96 -102
补中益气汤调节DNA甲基化酶影响SCH母鼠后代脑线粒体功能改善认知能力
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陈巍(1980-),女,辽宁铁岭人,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治内分泌代谢病。

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陈巍(1980-),女,辽宁铁岭人,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治内分泌代谢病。

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110847)])])]
陈巍1, 2, 黄杨玲1, 付强1, 李晓钰1, 武跃华2, 马贤德1, 高天舒3, 贾连群1 , 王佳1
作者信息
  • 1.辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847
  • 2.辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院,辽宁 沈阳 110034
  • 3.辽宁中医药大学附属医院,辽宁 沈阳 110032
通讯作者:
贾连群(1975-),女,辽宁营口人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中西医结合防治心血管疾病。E-mail:。
王佳(1984-),女,辽宁沈阳人,主治医师,博士后在站,研究方向:中西医结合防治心血管疾病。E-mail:。
作者简介:

陈巍(1980-),女,辽宁铁岭人,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治内分泌代谢病。

Effect of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction(补中益气汤)on Brain Mitochondrial Function to Improve Cognitive Ability in The Offsprings of Maternal SCH Rats through Regulating DNA Methyltransferase
Wei CHEN1, 2, Yangling HUANG1, Qiang FU1, Xiaoyu LI1, Yuehua WU2, Xiande MA1, Tianshu GAO3, Lianqun JIA1 , Jia WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110847,Liaoning,China
  • 2.The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110034,Liaoning,China
  • 3.Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110032,Liaoning,China
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.03.016
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目的

研究补中益气汤对亚临床甲状腺功能减退(subclinical hypothyroidism,SCH)母鼠后代脑神经发育的影响并探讨其可能作用机制,同时比较了不同中药剂量与西药的疗效作用。

方法

SD成年雌性大鼠,采用“甲状腺全切+术后左甲状腺激素(Leftothyroxine,L-T4)皮下注射”建立SCH模型。随机分为以下6组:假手术组、模型组、补中益气汤低剂量组(4.1 g/kg·d)、补中益气汤中剂量组(8.19 g/kg·d)、补中益气汤高剂量组(16.38 g/kg·d)、优甲乐组(4.5 μg/kg·d),完成SCH大鼠模型后与正常的雄鼠合笼交配,交配前2周开始给药直至取材。取材为孕13 d(E13)胎盘组织、出生后7 d(P7)仔鼠脑组织,21 d(P21)仔鼠行水迷宫实验。放射免疫法(Radioimmunoassay,RIA)检测血清中T4(T4);酶联免疫吸附试验(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血清中促甲状腺激素(Thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH);电镜观察脑组织线粒体形态学;采用2,7-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)探针法检测细胞内ROS;比色法检测线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ活性;蛋白质印迹(Western blotting,Wb)方法检测DNA甲基转移酶(DNA methyltransferase,DNMT)DNMT1、DNMT3a、DNMT3b,及DNA去甲基化酶10-11易位蛋白(ten-eleven-translocation protein,TET)TET1、TET2。

结果

与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠血清促甲状腺激素(thyroid-stimulating hormone,TSH)水平明显升高、P21 d仔鼠Morris水迷宫成绩显著下降、电镜下神经元线粒体形态破坏;E13 d胎盘组织和P7 d仔鼠脑组织中活性氧(ROS)水平升高、线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ活性降低,P7 d脑组织促甲基化DNMT1、DNMT3a及DNMT3b蛋白灰度值下降、甲基化反向调节TET1、TET2蛋白水平上升。与模型组比较,补中益气汤中剂量组和高剂量组及西药组可降低SCH大鼠升高的TSH水平、改善P21 d仔鼠Morris水迷宫成绩、降低脑组织中ROS水平及线粒体呼吸链复合物I、Ⅱ活性,改善仔鼠神经元线粒体的形态,升高甲基化DNMT1、DNMT3a及DNMT3b蛋白灰度值水平、降低甲基化反向调节TET1、TET2蛋白水平。

结论

补中益气汤可改善SCH母鼠后代仔鼠的学习记忆能力,其机制可能与调节甲基化进而改善线粒体能量代谢水平恢复线粒体功能有关。

妊娠亚临床甲减  /  仔鼠脑发育  /  补中益气汤  /  线粒体能量代谢  /  甲基化
Objective

To study the effect of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction(补中益气汤)on the neural development of the offsprings of subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH)rats and explore its possible mechanism of action. At the same time,to compare the therapeutic effects of different doses of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.

Methods

Adult female SD rats were used to establish an SCH model using total thyroidectomy and postoperative subcutaneous injection of L-T4,and the rats were randomly divided into the following 6 groups:sham surgery group,model group,low-dose group of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction[4.1 g/(kg·d)],medium dose group of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction[8.19 g/(kg·d)],high-dose group of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction[16.38 g/(kg·d)],euthyrox group[4.5μɡ/(kg·d)]. After completing the SCH model,the model rats mated with normal male rats in a cage,and started administration 2 weeks before mating until sample collection. The samples were taken out from placental tissue at day 13 of pregnancy(E13)and brain tissue from offsprings at day 7 after birth(P7). Water maze experiments were performed on offsprings at day 21. Radioimmunoassay(RIA)method was used to detect total thyroxine(T4)in serum. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)in serum. The mitochondrial morphology of brain tissue was observed through electron microscopy. Intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)was detected by DCFH-DA probe method. Mitochondrial DNA copy number was detected by using RT-PCR. DNA methyltransferase(DNMT)1,DNMT3a,DNMT3b,ten-eleven-translocation protein(TET)1 and TET2 were detected by the Western blotting(Wb)method.

Result

Compared with those of the sham surgery group,the serum TSH levels of the model group were significantly increased,the Morris water maze scores of the 21-day offspring rats were significantly decreased,and the morphology of neuronal mitochondria was damaged under electron microscopy. On day 13,the levels of ROSincreased and the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and Ⅱ decreased in placental tissue and brain tissue of 7-day offspring rats. On day 7,the grayscale values of DNMT1,DNMT3a and DNMT3b proteins promoted methylation in brain tissue decreased,and the levels of TET1 and TET2 proteins regulated by reverse methylation increased. Compared with those of the model group,the medium dose and high dose groups of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction as well as the Western medicine group can reduce the elevated TSH levels in SCH rats,improve Morris water maze performance in 21-day offspring rats,reduce ROS levels and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and Ⅱ activity in brain tissue,improve the morphology of neuronal mitochondria in offspring rats,increase the grayscale values of methylated DNMT1,DNMT3a and DNMT3b proteins,and reduce the levels of TET1 and TET2 proteins regulated by reverse methylation.

Conclusion

Buzhong Yiqi Decoction can improve the learning and memory abilities of offsprings of maternal SCH rats,and its mechanism may be related to regulating methylation to improve mitochondrial energy metabolism and restore mitochondrial function.

subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy  /  brain development of rat offspring  /  Buzhong Yiqi Decoction(补中益气汤)  /  mitochondrial energy metabolism  /  methylation
陈巍, 黄杨玲, 付强, 李晓钰, 武跃华, 马贤德, 高天舒, 贾连群, 王佳. 补中益气汤调节DNA甲基化酶影响SCH母鼠后代脑线粒体功能改善认知能力. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (3) : 96 -102 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.03.016
Wei CHEN, Yangling HUANG, Qiang FU, Xiaoyu LI, Yuehua WU, Xiande MA, Tianshu GAO, Lianqun JIA, Jia WANG. Effect of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction(补中益气汤)on Brain Mitochondrial Function to Improve Cognitive Ability in The Offsprings of Maternal SCH Rats through Regulating DNA Methyltransferase[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (3) : 96 -102 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.03.016
妊娠期亚临床甲减(subclinical hypothyroidism,SCH)可导致胎儿神经智力发育损伤[1-3],有研究显示其发病与外周组织甲状腺激素(thyroid hormone,TH)缺乏导致的神经细胞分化、迁移、突触形成异常有关。TH对神经发育具有重要的作用,轻微TH水平波动就可引起神经发育的异常,但目前对TH影响脑发育确切的机制尚未完全明了。已知TH对线粒体功能有重要调节作用,临床研究发现妊娠期SCH母体线粒体功能损伤是造成后代阿氏评分低的重要影响因素[4-5]。动物实验研究显示补中益气汤可以改善脾虚模型大鼠肝脏、胃组织中线粒体的能量代谢,但是否对SCH母体后代脑发育损伤有影响目前还没有报道。因此,本研究采用“甲状腺全切+左甲状腺激素(Leftothyroxine,L-T4)皮下注射”建立SCH母鼠模型,拟从线粒体能量及甲基化代谢角度阐述补中益气汤对SCH母鼠后代仔鼠脑发育的治疗效果及作用机制,为中医药治疗本病提供研究基础。
SPF级SD雌性大鼠,体质量为(180±10)g,共80只,购于北京华富康生物技术有限公司,动物许可证号:SCXK(京)2019-0008,饲养于辽宁中医药大学清洁级动物实验中心,室温22~25℃,相对湿度40%~50%。所有动物经辽宁中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会批准,动物伦理号:21000042021093。
补中益气汤:黄芪18 g,白术9 g,甘草9 g,人参6 g,陈皮6 g,升麻6 g,柴胡6 g,当归3 g,购于辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院(亳州三峰中药饮片有限公司,批号分别为白术23001、黄芪240101、甘草230101、人参220801、当归231001、柴胡236230601、陈皮231102、升麻230301)。按国家炮制标准进行炮制后,原药材加5倍量双蒸水,煮2次合并滤液,100℃恒温水浴加热浓缩,浓缩成含生药浓度2.0 g/mL的汤剂,置于4℃冰箱备用;左甲状腺素钠片[优甲乐,默克雅柏药业(中国)有限公司,批准文号H20140052]50μg/片,将片剂碾碎后溶于蒸馏水中制浓度为2.0 g/mL的混悬液;L-T4针剂:L-T4(Sigma USA,批号:XW00514891),用0.9% NS配制成浓度为0.95 μg/mL的针剂。
大鼠甲状腺素(thyroxine,T4)放射免疫试剂盒(北京北方生物技术研究所,批号20220613);大鼠TSH酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)试剂盒(德国LDN,ARE-8600-48t/E13);DCFH-DA探针(上海碧云天生物技术有限公司,S0033S);大鼠DNA甲基转移酶1(DNA methyltransferase1,DNMT1)、DNA甲基转移酶3a(DNA methyltransferase3a,DNMT3a)、DNA甲基转移酶3b(DNA methyltransferase3b,DNMT3b),及DNA去甲基化酶10-11易位蛋白1(ten-eleven-translocation protein1,TET1)、DNA去甲基化酶10-11易位蛋白2(ten-eleventranslocation protein2,TET2)试剂盒(上海碧云天生物技术有限公司,批号分别为 AF5150、AF1732、AF1384、AF8118、AF8119);Trizol液(Invitrogen生产,批号15596026);线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ活性检测试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所生产,批号分别为A089-1-1、A089-2-1)。
TDL-40B台式离心机(上海安亭科学仪器厂);MT-200 Morris水迷宫、Morris水迷宫动态图像分析系统(成都泰盟科技有限公司);DM LS2生物数码显微镜(德国徕卡公司);H7650透射电子显微镜(日本电子株式会社);EPS300电泳仪(上海天能科技有限公司);DYCP-40E垂直电泳槽(北京市六一仪器厂);DYCP-40E转印电泳槽(北京市六一仪器厂);BIO-RAD梯度PCR仪(美国伯乐公司);4200SF凝胶成像分析仪(上海天能生产);紫外分光光度仪(北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司);GL-21MC低温高速离心机(长沙湘仪离心机仪器有限公司);WD-9405B水平摇床(北京六一仪器厂);HXP-9052MBE电热恒温培养箱(上海博讯公司医疗设备);FSH-Ⅱ高速电动匀浆机(江苏金坛市环宇科学仪器);anthos 2010全自动酶标仪(奥地利Anthos Labtec Instruments)。
120只SD雌性大鼠,随机抽取8只作为正常对照组采用假甲状腺切除手术,仅暴露甲状腺而不伤及甲状腺,随后缝合,普通饲料加蒸馏水饲养。其余102只采用其“甲状腺全切+术后L-T4(0.95μg/100 g·d)皮下注射[6]”制备SCH大鼠模型。术后饲以普通饲料和高钙水(0.1%Ca2+)预防术后缺钙。1个月后测定甲状腺功能以验证SCH模型,正常对照组大鼠血清TSH水平均值的90%置信区间:0.014~0.020 mU/L、血清TT4水平均值的90%置信区间:85.3~158.3μg/mL。以此作为评价TSH及TT4标准,造模成功SCH大鼠模型为90只,成功率为93.75%。后与正常的雄鼠合笼交配,雌∶雄=2∶1,当雌鼠阴道涂片镜下发现精子确定为妊娠0 d,记为E0。在E0-E13,继续予L-T4 0.95μg/(100 g·d)皮下注射,自E13d始L-T4剂量调整为1.00μg/(100 g·d),持续皮下注射至仔鼠出生。
手术组随机分为5组(每组8只),加上之前的正常对照组共分为6组。按每千克大鼠体质量每日剂量=成人用药剂量÷70 kg×6.25;西药L-T4给药剂量参考文献报道[5-7]4.5 μg/(kg·d),均采用灌胃的给药方法。即:①正常对照组:约等体积5 mL生理盐水灌胃;②模型组:同假手术组;③中药低剂量组:4.10 g/(kg·d)灌胃;④中药中剂量组:8.19 g/(kg·d)灌胃;⑤中药高剂量组:16.38 g/(kg·d)灌胃;⑥西药组:予左甲状腺素片混悬液4.5μg/(kg·d)灌胃。孕前2周给药直至生产,灌胃期间大鼠饲料、饮水、称重及L-T4针剂处理同造模中所述之情形。取材,取E13 d母鼠胎盘及P7 d仔鼠脑组织、血清。实验流程见图1。
学习记忆能力检测(Morris水迷宫实验)取出生后21 d仔鼠(P21)行Morris水迷宫实验,采用Nunez J的检测方法[8]。测试内容包括定位巡航和空间探索。测试前先对仔鼠行水迷宫训练,具体步骤为:①平台放置在水池中心并高于水平面1.5 cm,使仔鼠能看见平台,水温在26℃左右;②每只仔鼠训练3次,每次入水前将红布条套在仔鼠的后背(计算机软件对红色分辨率高),便于识别。③设置水池壁四个入水点(N、S、E、W)并做好标记,选择其中一个入水点,面向池壁从入水点处放入,让仔鼠在60 s内搜索平台;④如果在60 s内没有找到平台则记录为60 s,引导仔鼠找到平台并休息10 s;⑤每个入水点重复上述训练步骤3次,共4个入水点,每只仔鼠共完成12次训练;⑥每只仔鼠依照上述步骤完成训练。
①水温保持26℃,水池内放入脱脂奶粉,调低平台高度在水面下1.5 cm,使大鼠不能看见平台;②将大鼠从入水点面向水池壁放入水中,实验人员坐回到电脑前,从电脑屏幕观察大鼠的情况,并记录大鼠找到平台的时间,如果大鼠在60 s内没有找到平台,则记录为60 s,由实验人员引导大鼠到平台,所有大鼠到达平台后在平台上休息10 s,擦干后放回鼠笼。③每只大鼠共测试12次,每个入水点测试3次,共4个入水点(N、S、E、W),每次测试持续60 s。第一次按N、S、E、W顺序,第二次按S、W、E、N顺序,第三次按N、W、S、E顺序,每次入水时间间隔不少于10 min。
撤掉平台,所有大鼠入水点选择在N点,记录30 s内大鼠穿越平台的次数,以及找到平台的时间。
放射免疫分析法(Radioimmunoassay,RIA)检测血清T4,血清标本交由中国医科大学放射免疫科检测。见插页ⅩⅩⅤ图1。
酶联免疫吸附试验(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测大鼠血清TSH,按试剂盒说明书操作步骤完成。
透射电镜下观察脑组织线粒体的形态学特征。取P7 d仔鼠,置于断头器下断头并立即放于冰盘上分离出脑组织,用预冷的4℃0.9%生理盐水冲洗,滤纸吸干,留取海马组织,于电镜固定液内避光固定2 h,锇酸固定、脱水、浸透、饱和醋酸铀及柠檬酸铅染色、包埋,制成80 nm超薄切片,于透射电镜下观察海马神经细胞线粒体超微结构变化。
采用2,7-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)探针法检测E13 d胎盘组织及P7 d脑细胞内活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS);比色法检测仔鼠脑组织中线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ;蛋白质印迹(Western blotting,Wb)检测DNMT1、DNMT3a、DNMT3b、TET1、TET2相关蛋白表达提取各组脑组织总蛋白,BCA法检测蛋白定量,分离目的蛋白,封闭液封闭,在孵育盒中加入一抗,放入4℃冰箱,过夜。经TBST洗3×10 min后放入二抗(1∶5000)孵育1 h,再用TBST洗,用ECL显色法显色曝光。采用Image j软件进行蛋白条带灰度值分析。
血清谷丙转氨酶(glutamic pyruvic transaminase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,AST)、谷氨酰转移酶(Glutamyltransferase,GGT)、肌酐(creatinine,CREA)指标送至辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院临床检验中心完成。
采用SPSS 17.0进行数据统计。采用单因素方差分析,方差齐应用Tukey HSD方法,方差不齐应用Dunnett T3方法;Morris水迷宫实验中定向巡航实验数据采用重复测量方差分析。
与假手术组比较,模型组TSH水平高于假手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),TT4水平与假手术组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),说明SCH造模成功。见表1。
合笼后第2日雌鼠阴道涂片镜下发现精子确定为妊娠0 d。见插页ⅩⅩⅤ图2。
各组雌鼠血清肝功、肾功指标比较与假手术组相比,各组大鼠血清ALT、AST、GGT、CREA指标各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结果提示补中益气汤对大鼠肝肾功能无损伤。见表2。
(1)各组仔鼠逃避潜伏期结果。
各组仔鼠第1、2、3、4、5天逃避潜伏期比较,经方差分析,结果:第1、2天各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);第3、4、5天各组仔鼠的逃避潜伏期比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与假手术组相比,模型组逃避潜伏期延长(P<0.05);与模型组相比,补中益气汤中剂量组、高剂量组及优甲乐组逃避潜伏期缩短(P<0.05);各治疗组组间比较,补中益气汤中剂量组逃避潜伏期明显缩短(P<0.05)。见表3。
(2)各组仔鼠空间探索结果。
空间探索实验结果显示,各组仔鼠穿越平台次数比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与假手术组相比,模型组仔鼠跨平台次数显著减少(P<0.05);与模型组相比,各治疗组仔鼠跨平台次数显著增多,(P<0.05)。结果提示补中益气汤中剂量组、补中益气汤高剂量组及优甲乐组可改善SCH后代仔鼠的记忆能力。见表4。
与假手术组比较,模型组TSH水平增高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,补中益气汤中剂量、高剂量、优甲乐组TSH水平降低(P<0.05);与补中益气汤中剂量组比较,补中益气汤低剂量组、补中益气汤高剂量组、优甲乐组TSH均升高(P<0.05)。TT4水平各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结果提示补中益气汤中剂量组可有效恢复大鼠甲状腺功能。见表5。
与假手术组比较,模型组P7 d仔鼠海马组织线粒体数量减少,线粒体肿胀破裂甚或萎缩,双层膜结构不清晰,嵴膜断裂、消失,嵴表面颗粒脱失;与模型组比较,补中益气汤中剂量组线粒体形态则较为完整,线粒体数量增多,能清晰地观察到嵴和双层膜结构,嵴表面颗粒完整。补中益气汤低剂量组及优甲乐组线粒体恢复较差。结果提示补中益气汤能很好地恢复线粒体形态。见插页ⅩⅩⅥ图3。
与假手术组比较,模型组E13 d胎盘组织和仔鼠P7 d脑组织中线粒体ROS水平均升高(均P<0.05);与模型组相比较,补中益气汤中剂量组、高剂量组及优甲乐组线粒体ROS水平下降(均P<0.05);与补中益气汤中剂量组比较,E13 d补中益气汤高剂量组、补中益气汤低剂量组线粒体ROS水平明显升高,提示补中益气汤中剂量组在E13 d改善胎盘组织ROS水平优于低、高剂量组(均P<0.05);P7 d补中益气汤高剂量组、补中益气汤低剂量组、优甲乐组脑组织线粒体ROS水平明显升高(均P<0.05),提示补中益气汤中剂量组疗效最优。见表6。
与假手术组比较,模型组E13 d胎盘组织和P7 d脑组织线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ活性降低(均P<0.05);与模型组比较,各治疗组E13 d胎盘组织和P7 d脑组织线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ活性均升高(均P<0.05);与补中益气汤中剂量组比较,补中益气汤低剂量组、补中益气汤高剂量组、优甲乐组分别在E13 d胎盘组织、P7 d仔鼠胎盘组织及脑组织线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ活性降低,在P7 d补中益气汤中剂量组改善度大于补中益气汤低剂量组及高剂量组(P<0.05)。见表7。
与假手术组比较,模型组脑组织中DNMT1、DNMT3a及DNMT3b的蛋白灰度值下降(均P<0.05),TET1、TET2的蛋白水平上升(均P<0.05);与模型组相比,补中益气汤低剂量组、补中益气汤中剂量组、补中益气汤高剂量组及优甲乐组脑组织中DNMT1、DNMT3b的蛋白灰度值上升,TET1、TET2的蛋白灰度值下降(均P<0.05),补中益气汤中剂量组、补中益气汤高剂量组及优甲乐组DNMT3a的蛋白灰度值下降(均P<0.05);与补中益气汤中剂量组比较,补中益气汤高剂量组、补中益气汤低剂量组、优甲乐组DNMT1、DNMT3b、DNMT3a的蛋白灰度值降低(均P<0.05),TET1、TET2的蛋白灰度值上升(均P<0.05)。见表8、图4。
妊娠期SCH脑组织低甲状腺激素水平(TH)状态是后代脑发育损伤的重要原因之一,TH参与线粒体的能量代谢[8-12],在线粒体的内膜、基质中均发现了TH的受体,而线粒体活性氧(ROS)增加和线粒体呼吸链复合物酶活性降低是线粒体能量代谢异常重要指标之一,也是线粒体损伤的重要标志。细胞内的ROS主要由线粒体电子传递链上的电子传递复合物(ETC)产生,高水平的ROS可直接损伤线粒体[13]。有研究显示,在妊娠SCH患者血清及胎盘中可见到线粒体肿胀、变形、ROS增多,通过调节TH对胎盘线粒体DNA甲基化具有重要作用[14]。因此妊娠期SCH母体中存在线粒体功能异常,与TH水平降低有关。
线粒体是半自主性的细胞器,受表观遗传学(甲基化)的修饰。近年发现线粒体DNA(mtDNA)甲基化在影响神经细胞发育及在神经疾病中具有重要作用。DNMT3a和DNMT3b为形成甲基化的转移酶,其中DNMT3在成熟的神经元内高表达,此指标可以观察出生后仔鼠的神经元活动情况。DNMT1为维持甲基化的转移酶,具有线粒体定位序列(MTS)并引导新合成的多肽链移位到线粒体基质中,定位在线粒体中的DNMT(mtDNMT1)与线粒体DNA(mtDNA)结合,调控线粒体基因组编码基因及核基因组编码基因的表达,参与早期的胚胎发育[15-16]。TET蛋白属于DNA甲基胞嘧啶双加氧酶TET家族,是重要的5mC转变成5hmC的中间蛋白,5mC在TET甲基胞嘧啶双加氧酶的作用下氧化形成5hmC[17-18],TET1、TET2存在于皮层和海马神经元的线粒体内,在不同的脑区随着年龄的增长存在差异[19]。
妊娠期SCH后代脑发育损伤目前中医尚无理论论述。对非妊娠期SCH发病的病因认为以饮食水土失宜、情志不畅多见,也与先天禀赋、体质密切相关,各家多从脾虚、肾虚或脾肾两虚论治。因妊娠SCH可出现胎动不安、滑胎、后代认知功能减退等情况,加之妊娠的特殊生理特性是以气血为用,故我们认为本病的病因病机为母体脾失健运,脾不升清,化源不足,而至胎失所养。《脾胃论·脾胃盛衰论》曰:“百病皆由脾胃衰而生也,内伤脾胃,百病由生”。我们提出,妊娠期SCH后代脑发育异常发病的重要中心环节为母体“脾虚”致子代“元神失养”,治疗上以补后天、实先天“健脾益气”为治疗原则。补中益气汤是“健脾益气”的代表方剂,出自李东垣《脾胃论》,其中黄芪补中益气为君药,人参、白术、甘草健脾益气为臣药,配陈皮调理气机,升麻、柴胡升举清阳,共为使药,该方具有“补中益气,升阳举陷”之功效,故选用补中益气汤干预妊娠SCH致后代脑发育异常的治疗。
Morris水迷宫是评价大鼠学习记忆能力体现认知功能情况的重要指标,包括定位巡航和空间探索两部分。人类儿童时期脑发育相当于仔鼠出生后21 d(P21),此时脑发育同样对TH敏感,其发育仍受孕期神经发育的影响,P21仔鼠刚刚具备Morris水迷宫的能力,此时适合评估仔鼠的认知功能。我们的研究结果显示,妊娠期SCH雌鼠的仔鼠在出生后P21存在Morris水迷宫成绩的降低,提示存在认知功能的损伤,补中益气汤能明显提高仔鼠的水迷宫成绩。
在人类妊娠早期(相当于大鼠孕13 d),胎儿所需的TH完全依赖于母体,此期脑发育主要是脑神经元的倍增及大脑皮质神经元迁移。而人类孕中晚期及出生时(相当于仔鼠出生后7 d),TH来源于母体及自身,主要是神经胶质发生和髓鞘成熟期。因E13 d胎鼠无法分辨脑组织,因此我们在实验过程中观察了E13 d的胎盘组织的线粒体情况及出生后7 d仔鼠脑组织线粒体及甲基化情况。
我们的研究结果显示,在SCH雌鼠E13 d胎盘组织中ROS水平增高同时线粒体呼吸链复合物酶活性降低,这一病理改变在出生后P7 d仔鼠脑组织中持续存在,进一步我们采用透射电镜观察P7 d仔鼠脑组织线粒体有不同程度线粒体形态结构的破坏,这一结论与国外Anne-Dorthe、Novakovic等“妊娠期SCH母体线粒体功能损伤是造成妊娠SCH后代阿氏评分低的重要影响因素”[20-21]的研究结论一致。补中益气汤可以很好地恢复线粒体功能损伤。
其次,我们检测了出生后P7 d仔鼠脑组织中与胚胎干细胞发育相关的甲基化指标DNMT1、DNMT3a、DNMT3b、TET1、TET2[22-24],研究结果显示在SCH雌鼠后代脑组织中DNMT1、DNMT3a及DNMT3b的蛋白灰度值下降,TET1、TET2的蛋白水平上升,提示了SCH雌鼠后代脑组织存在去甲基化现象,但因检测样本为脑组织故尚不能证明该甲基化是来源于线粒体还是细胞核,尽管如此,我们发现补中益气汤能有效地双向调节这一现象,我们推测该甲基化来源于线粒体或细胞核,也可能存在线粒体DNA甲基化与细胞核甲基化互相作用的情况,这有待于进一步研究。
综上,补中益气汤能改善妊娠期SCH雌鼠后代的认知能力,其中补中益气汤中剂量组疗效最优,且优于西药优甲乐,其机制可能与调节甲基化进而改善线粒体能量代谢水平恢复线粒体功能、减少脑ROS、调节甲状腺激素有关。由于脑线粒体提取量小,没能检测线粒体DNA甲基化的含量变化,不能更深层次地了解甲基化的具体位点,后续将在此方向进行完善。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82004340)
  • 辽宁省教育厅高等学校基本科研项目(面上项目)(2100221283)
  • 辽宁省教育厅科学研究经费项目(面上项目)(LJKZ0877)
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2025年第43卷第3期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.03.016
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-03-10
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国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82004340)
辽宁省教育厅高等学校基本科研项目(面上项目)(2100221283)
辽宁省教育厅科学研究经费项目(面上项目)(LJKZ0877)
作者信息
    1.辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847
    2.辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院,辽宁 沈阳 110034
    3.辽宁中医药大学附属医院,辽宁 沈阳 110032

通讯作者:

贾连群(1975-),女,辽宁营口人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中西医结合防治心血管疾病。E-mail:。
王佳(1984-),女,辽宁沈阳人,主治医师,博士后在站,研究方向:中西医结合防治心血管疾病。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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