Article(id=1322923013024395797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923011518628427, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.03.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339025026, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339025026, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339025026, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339025026, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322923011518628427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1741536000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339024666, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340602374, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929628976906432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923011518628427, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929628981100737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923011518628427, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=19, endPage=23, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322923013330579991, articleId=1322923013024395797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Study on Construction of TCM Syndrome Differentiation Model of Cancer Pain Based on Artificial Intelligence, columnId=1256183375241535778, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Digital Traditional Chinese Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To establish the TCM syndrome differentiation model of cancer pain based on artificial intelligence,so as to provide basis for the development of TCM syndrome differentiation of cancer pain.

Methods

The TCM medical record data of cancer pain was collected from CNKI,VIPChinese Science and Technology periodical Database,Wanfang database,China Biology Medicine disc,and Ancient and Modern Medical Record Cloud Platform from the embellishment time up to September 2023. Machine learning algorithms,such as linear support vector classification(LSVC),nearest centroid(NC),multinomial Na?ve Bayes(MNB),random forest(RF),stochastic gradient descent(SGD)and multilayer perceptron(MLP)were used to quantitatively analyze the data set,and the syndrome differentiation model of cancer pain was established. The model was evaluated by 5-fold cross validation. The evaluation indexes included Accuracy,Precision,Recall,F1 score and AUC value.

Results

There were 72 input variables and 6 output variables for TCM syndromes of cancer pain. The Accuracy,Precision,Recall and F1 score of the six models were all above 0.89,and the AUCvalue was above 0.94. Among them,the Accuracy,Precision and Recall of the nearest centroid model were the highest. The Accuracy,precision,recall and F1 score were 0.978,0.980,0.978 and 0.977,respectively,and the AUCvalue was 0.986,which was higher than other algorithm models. The TCM interpretation of the parameters basically accorded with the principle of TCM diagnosis.

Conclusion

The TCM syndrome differentiation model of cancer pain based on the nearest centroid algorithm model has high diagnosis and prediction ability,which can provide reference for clinical workers to carry out TCM intelligent syndrome differentiation of cancer pain.

, authors=Bing WU1, Liuliu ZHANG1, Yong’an GUO2, Qijie QIAN2, Jing WU3, authorsList=Bing WU, Liuliu ZHANG, Yong’an GUO, Qijie QIAN, Jing WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Liuliu ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322923015901688354, articleId=1322923013024395797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=基于人工智能的癌痛中医辨证模型构建研究, columnId=1256183387140776248, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=数字中医中药, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

建立基于人工智能的癌痛中医辨证模型,为癌痛中医智能辨证工作的开展提供依据。

方法

检索中国知网、维普中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、古今医案云平台建库至2023年9月收录的癌痛中医病案数据,采用经过超参数调优的线性支持向量分类(Linear support vector classification,LSVC)、最近质心(Nearest Centroid,NC)、多项式朴素贝叶斯(Multinomial Naive Bayes,MNB)、随机森林(Random Forest,RF)、随机梯度下降(Stochastic Gradient Descent,SGD)、多层感知机(Multilayer Perceptron,MLP)等机器学习算法对数据集进行量化分析,建立癌痛的诊断辨证模型。运用五折交叉验证对模型进行评价,评价指标包括Accuracy、Precision、Recall、F1 score及AUC值。

结果

癌痛中医四诊信息为输入变量共72项,输出变量为癌痛中医证型共6项。6种模型的拟合效果较好,Accuracy、Precision、Recall、F1 score均在0.89以上,AUC值达0.94以上;其中NC模型的准确率、查准率与查全率最高,Accuracy、Precision、Recall、F1score分别为0.978、0.980、0.978、0.977,AUC值达0.986,均高于其他算法模型,其参数的中医解释基本符合中医诊断原理。

结论

基于NC算法模型建立的癌痛中医辨证模型具有较高的诊断及预测能力,可为临床医务工作者开展癌痛中医智能辨证提供借鉴。

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吴冰(1989-),女,江苏常州人,讲师,硕士,研究方向:恶性肿瘤疼痛管理及安宁疗护。

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张柳柳(1978-),女,江苏南通人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,学士,研究方向:恶性肿瘤管理。E-mail:。
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模型AccuracyPrecsionRecallF1scoreAUC值
LSVC0.9550.9630.9520.9550.972
NC0.9780.9800.9780.9770.986
MNB0.9660.9710.9640.9660.979
RF0.9440.9420.9410.9410.965
SGD0.8990.9120.9030.9020.941
MLP0.9550.9610.9570.9570.974
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模型性能评估指标

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模型AccuracyPrecsionRecallF1scoreAUC值
LSVC0.9550.9630.9520.9550.972
NC0.9780.9800.9780.9770.986
MNB0.9660.9710.9640.9660.979
RF0.9440.9420.9410.9410.965
SGD0.8990.9120.9030.9020.941
MLP0.9550.9610.9570.9570.974
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基于人工智能的癌痛中医辨证模型构建研究
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吴冰 1 , 张柳柳 1 , 郭永安 2 , 钱琪杰 2 , 吴静 3
中华中医药学刊 | 数字中医中药 2025,43(3): 19-23
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中华中医药学刊 |数字中医中药 2025 , 43 (3) : 19 -23
基于人工智能的癌痛中医辨证模型构建研究
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吴冰(1989-),女,江苏常州人,讲师,硕士,研究方向:恶性肿瘤疼痛管理及安宁疗护。

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吴冰(1989-),女,江苏常州人,讲师,硕士,研究方向:恶性肿瘤疼痛管理及安宁疗护。

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吴冰1, 张柳柳1 , 郭永安2, 钱琪杰2, 吴静3
作者信息
  • 1.江苏省肿瘤医院,江苏省肿瘤防治研究所,南京医科大学附属肿瘤医院,江苏 南京 210009
  • 2.南京邮电大学,江苏 南京 210023
  • 3.江苏省护理学会,江苏 南京 210008
通讯作者:
张柳柳(1978-),女,江苏南通人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,学士,研究方向:恶性肿瘤管理。E-mail:。
作者简介:

吴冰(1989-),女,江苏常州人,讲师,硕士,研究方向:恶性肿瘤疼痛管理及安宁疗护。

Study on Construction of TCM Syndrome Differentiation Model of Cancer Pain Based on Artificial Intelligence
Bing WU1, Liuliu ZHANG1 , Yong’an GUO2, Qijie QIAN2, Jing WU3
Affiliations
  • 1.Jiangsu Cancer Hospital,Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210009,Jiangsu,China
  • 2.Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China
  • 3.Jiangsu Nursing Society,Nanjing 210008,Jiangsu,China
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.03.004
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目的

建立基于人工智能的癌痛中医辨证模型,为癌痛中医智能辨证工作的开展提供依据。

方法

检索中国知网、维普中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、古今医案云平台建库至2023年9月收录的癌痛中医病案数据,采用经过超参数调优的线性支持向量分类(Linear support vector classification,LSVC)、最近质心(Nearest Centroid,NC)、多项式朴素贝叶斯(Multinomial Naive Bayes,MNB)、随机森林(Random Forest,RF)、随机梯度下降(Stochastic Gradient Descent,SGD)、多层感知机(Multilayer Perceptron,MLP)等机器学习算法对数据集进行量化分析,建立癌痛的诊断辨证模型。运用五折交叉验证对模型进行评价,评价指标包括Accuracy、Precision、Recall、F1 score及AUC值。

结果

癌痛中医四诊信息为输入变量共72项,输出变量为癌痛中医证型共6项。6种模型的拟合效果较好,Accuracy、Precision、Recall、F1 score均在0.89以上,AUC值达0.94以上;其中NC模型的准确率、查准率与查全率最高,Accuracy、Precision、Recall、F1score分别为0.978、0.980、0.978、0.977,AUC值达0.986,均高于其他算法模型,其参数的中医解释基本符合中医诊断原理。

结论

基于NC算法模型建立的癌痛中医辨证模型具有较高的诊断及预测能力,可为临床医务工作者开展癌痛中医智能辨证提供借鉴。

人工智能  /  机器学习  /  癌痛  /  中医辨证模型  /  医案  /  辨证
Objective

To establish the TCM syndrome differentiation model of cancer pain based on artificial intelligence,so as to provide basis for the development of TCM syndrome differentiation of cancer pain.

Methods

The TCM medical record data of cancer pain was collected from CNKI,VIPChinese Science and Technology periodical Database,Wanfang database,China Biology Medicine disc,and Ancient and Modern Medical Record Cloud Platform from the embellishment time up to September 2023. Machine learning algorithms,such as linear support vector classification(LSVC),nearest centroid(NC),multinomial Na?ve Bayes(MNB),random forest(RF),stochastic gradient descent(SGD)and multilayer perceptron(MLP)were used to quantitatively analyze the data set,and the syndrome differentiation model of cancer pain was established. The model was evaluated by 5-fold cross validation. The evaluation indexes included Accuracy,Precision,Recall,F1 score and AUC value.

Results

There were 72 input variables and 6 output variables for TCM syndromes of cancer pain. The Accuracy,Precision,Recall and F1 score of the six models were all above 0.89,and the AUCvalue was above 0.94. Among them,the Accuracy,Precision and Recall of the nearest centroid model were the highest. The Accuracy,precision,recall and F1 score were 0.978,0.980,0.978 and 0.977,respectively,and the AUCvalue was 0.986,which was higher than other algorithm models. The TCM interpretation of the parameters basically accorded with the principle of TCM diagnosis.

Conclusion

The TCM syndrome differentiation model of cancer pain based on the nearest centroid algorithm model has high diagnosis and prediction ability,which can provide reference for clinical workers to carry out TCM intelligent syndrome differentiation of cancer pain.

artificial intelligence  /  machine learning  /  cancer pain  /  TCM syndrome differentiation model  /  medical records  /  syndrome differentiation
吴冰, 张柳柳, 郭永安, 钱琪杰, 吴静. 基于人工智能的癌痛中医辨证模型构建研究. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (3) : 19 -23 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.03.004
Bing WU, Liuliu ZHANG, Yong’an GUO, Qijie QIAN, Jing WU. Study on Construction of TCM Syndrome Differentiation Model of Cancer Pain Based on Artificial Intelligence[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (3) : 19 -23 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.03.004
癌痛是肿瘤患者最常见也最难以忍受的症状之一,严重影响患者生活质量。据世界卫生组织(world health organization,WHO)统计,全球每天约550万癌症患者忍受疼痛的折磨,在晚期癌症患者中,疼痛发生率高达60%~80%[1]。镇痛性药物虽疗效确切,但不良反应明显,严重影响患者治疗依从性。中医药治疗癌痛历史悠久,具有局部治疗和全身调节的作用,且用药量少、疗效明确、不良反应小[2]。辨证论治是中医临床立法、处方、用药的前提和基础,辨证准确与否直接影响着临床疗效[3]。传统辨证因受医生主观思维差异和患者个体化复杂特征的影响,存在复杂性、不确定性、模糊性等弊端[4]。在信息化、智能化飞速发展的今天,将中医理论与计算机科学紧密结合,借助人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)技术,通过机器模仿人的思维方式反应进行智能辨证是解决传统辨证缺陷的有效方式[5]。以数据为基础的机器学习算法已成为AI研究的主流方向之一,其可将中医四诊信息定量化、客观化,有望实现辨证的规范化和标准化[6]。鉴于此,本研究基于文献医案数据,应用线性支持向量分类(Linear support vector classification,LSVC)、最近质心(Nearest Centroid,NC)、多项式朴素贝叶斯(Multinomial Naive Bayes,MNB)、随机森林(Random Forest,RF)、随机梯度下降(Stochastic Gradient Descent,SGD)、多层感知机(Multilayer Perceptron,MLP)等多种机器学习算法,分别构建癌痛中医AI辨证模型,旨在探索癌痛的高效辨证方法,以期为中医诊断提供新的视角,并为中医辨证数字化、智能化及客观化发展提供借鉴。
本研究所收集的医案数据来自于两部分,一部分来自于中国知网、万方数据库知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库建库以来至2023年9月30日发表的中医治疗癌痛的临床文献;另一部分来自于古今医案云平台(V2.3.7)收录的有关癌痛的中医病案。检索词为“癌痛/癌性疼痛”“医案/经验/验案/病案”“中医”“证型/辨证/证/证素”,根据不同数据库检索要求进行检索式修改。
参照《中医诊断学》[7]与《中医病证诊断疗效标准》[8]关于癌痛的诊断与辨证标准的相关内容,确定癌痛的6个常见证型,即气机郁滞证、瘀血阻滞证、痰湿凝聚证、热毒蕴结证、气血亏虚证、正虚瘀结证,以及各证型的诊断标准。
纳入标准:①符合上述证型标准的中医治疗癌痛的医案文献;②文献中病案资料完整,包含临床表现、辨证诊断、治疗原则、方药等;③同一研究以不同角度发表的文章,选择其中资料完整的1篇。
排除标准:①综述、会议论文、基础研究等文献;②中西医结合治疗的临床病例;③文献中未标明治疗效果或治疗效果不佳;④癌痛合并其他症状的临床病例;⑤重复发表的文献;⑥信息不全或无法获得全文的文献。
本研究以《实用中医辨证手册》[9]为标准,同时参考《中医临床常见症状术语规范》[10]及《中医诊断学》[7]对纳入文献的四诊信息进行必要的拆分、归类及统一规范,同时剔除出现次数较少的症状及体征。如“少气懒言”“精神不振、易疲劳”“少气无力”等在病机上有相似之处,则统一为“神疲乏力”。
将症状、体征等中医四诊信息条目作为输入层初始系统协变量,证型作为系统输出变量。四诊信息条目共72项,包括神疲乏力、刺痛、纳呆、痛有定处、腰膝酸软、入夜痛甚、形体消瘦、拒按、口干咽燥、关节疼痛、肌肤甲错、脉络瘀血、失眠、盗汗、腹胀、胀痛、头晕、便秘、耳鸣、耳聋、畏寒肢冷、大便溏泄、活动不利、面色晦黯、胸闷、气短、少气懒言、五心烦热、心烦、遇寒痛剧、肢体麻木或偏瘫、潮热、积块坚硬、皮下瘀斑、自汗、质有瘀点、瘀斑、质黯、质紫黯、质淡、质淡黯、质淡紫、质淡白、舌脉粗张、质红、质淡红、无苔、少苔、体胖大、苔白、苔薄白、边齿痕、苔白腻、苔腻、苔白润、苔薄黄、苔黄腻、脉细、脉弦、脉沉、脉涩、脉数、脉迟、脉弱、脉虚、脉滑、脉濡、脉无、脉缓、脉代、脉结、脉紧。证型共6项,包括气机郁滞证、瘀血阻滞证、痰湿凝聚证、热毒蕴结证、气血亏虚证、正虚瘀结证。
由2名研究者独立对纳入文献的相关内容进行提取,并由第3名研究者就数据库与原文进行检查、核对。所有纳入文献按篇名、作者、四诊信息、证型诊断信息录入Excel表,建立癌痛病案中医信息数据库。对名称略有差异但含义相同的症状、证型进行规范化处理,剔除出现次数较少的症状及体征;使用“0-1”编码对病案中出现的症状或体征进行赋值,即出现该症状或体征记为“1”,未出现则记为“0”,并进行数据的逻辑校对,发现输错立即更正。经过赋值处理后的数据库作为数据源导入Python 3.8软件。利用Path、Torch、Pandas等数据处理模块进行数据预处理,包括检查与去除空值、进行定义值赋值、随机打乱病案顺序,对证型诊断进行独立编码等。
癌痛中医辨证属于专业性极强的多分类任务,为保证拟合参数符合中医原理,本研究采用基于AI的机器学习及深度学习模型,选用LSVC、NC、GB、BNB、MNB、RF、SGD、ET、LGBM、MLP等算法模型作为基准,使用Python 3.8软件对数据集进行分析并构建癌痛的中医辨证模型。
为保证客观性及可重复性,本研究对所有模型进行超参数调优。LSVC、NC、GB、BNB、MNB、RF、SGD、ET、LGBM运用Grid Search CV模块通过参数列表param_grid寻找最优模型的超参数组合,采用五折交叉验证。MLP在Optuna框架下创建Objective,其评估指标设置为Accuracy。通过Study最大化目标函数值,进行30次Trials。试验完成后,从Study中选择最佳的超参数组合。
选取Accuracy、Precision、Recall、F1 score、混淆矩阵及AUC值作为评价指标,充分检验癌痛辨证模型的准确率、查准率、查全率等性能。模型解释采用SHAP(0.40.0)框架,它使用SHAP值解释机器学习模型和特征重要性[11]。本研究按照证型分类计算每个样本特征的SHAP值,将SHAP值的平均值作为该特征的重要性值,以此来阐明模型中贡献度较大的特征。
初步检索共获得2057篇文献,经筛选最终纳入382篇。为保证模型运算不出现偏倚,对每种证型病案保留60例进行模型构建与评估。
本研究共收集癌痛病案360例,对所有数据进行详细比对,剔除重复数据,最终保留50项特征指标进行分析。缺失值分数与特征值频率见图1。
在删除缺失值基础上,对各特征值出现频率进行分析,描绘特征值相关性分析,以确认特征值的重要程度,见图2、图3。将初步分析结果逐步输入各模型中,对特征值数据集进一步分析并构建癌痛中医辨证模型。
在相同测试集下各分类模型的Accuracy、Precsion、Recall、F1 score及AUC值如表1所示,效果对比见插页Ⅱ图4。从表1及插页Ⅱ图4均可知,NC模型的各项评价指标均明显高于其他分类模型,表明NC模型在癌痛中医辨证数据中的性能优于其他模型。
综合上述6种模型的评价结果,NC模型是癌痛辨证的最优模型。NC模型的参数具有中医可解释性,可适用于癌痛的中医辨证诊断。因此本研究基于NC模型调用SHAP库的Explainer API降序输出对癌痛各证型诊断贡献度最高的前10项四诊信息,见插页Ⅱ图5。由插页Ⅱ图5可知,对于气机郁滞证而言,脉弦、纳呆、神疲乏力、质红、便秘等特征有着较高的贡献度;对于瘀血阻滞证而言,神疲乏力、质有瘀点、耳鸣、质紫黯、耳聋等特征有着较高的贡献度;对于痰湿凝聚证而言,纳呆、胸闷、神疲乏力、苔白腻、体胖大等特征有着较高的贡献度;对于热毒蕴结证而言,质红、口干咽燥、便秘、脉数、苔黄腻等特征有着较高的贡献度;对于气血亏虚证而言,神疲乏力、纳呆、气短、少气懒言、质淡等特征有着较高的贡献度;对于正虚瘀结证而言,无苔、神疲乏力、脉细、纳呆、形体消瘦等特征有着较高的贡献度。
中医辨证是一个复杂的思维过程,因受到较多主观因素影响,加上不同医学流派、临证经验等存在差异,导致临床上常会出现辨证不准、辨证不一等问题[12-13]。统一规范的辨证模式是中医现代化发展亟需解决的问题之一,随着信息化的高速发展,以临床大数据为驱动的智能化时代为中医辨证的规范化和标准化提供了方向。
近年来,机器学习算法已成为中医智能辨证的主力军[14],LSVC、NC、MNB、RF、SGD、MLP模型是目前中医诊断领域常用的算法模型。其中,LSVC是一种基于支持向量机改进,适用于二元分类和多元分类问题的算法[15]。它能将高维稀疏数据进行有效分类,且在处理大规模文本分类任务时表现更加出色,具有准确率高、效果稳定的优点。但当数据量很大时,其计算效率仍会降低,且对异常值较敏感,影响分类效果[16]。NC分类器是一个通过其成员的质心来表示每个类简单的算法,是机器学习中最被低估和利用最少的分类器之一,然而它非常强大,对于某些机器学习分类任务非常高效。其优点是更高的分类速度,尤其是每个类有更多的训练样本[17-18]。MNB是一种基于贝叶斯定理的分类算法,用于文本分类、垃圾邮件过滤等领域[19]。其优点在于简单快速,适用于处理高维度数据和大数据量的情况,但其假设过于简单,无法处理特征之间的依赖关系,且对输入数据的质量较敏感,预测结果易出现偏差[20]。RF是一种由多棵决策树构成的集成算法,处理高维数据集比决策树更快,且不用作特征选择。该模型可解释性高,随机性强,不易过拟合,且即使有很大一部分的特征遗失,仍可维持准确度[21]。但因其对异常点不敏感,不具备正确处理过于复杂困难样本的能力[22]。深度学习方法目前已广泛应用于中医辨证领域,SGD作为深度学习中最常用的优化方法之一,每步仅随机采集一个(或少量)样本来估算当前梯度,计算量较小、速度快,能够实时根据新样本更新模型参数,适用于在线学习场景[23]。但由于每次只使用一个样本的梯度信息,SGD的收敛速度较慢,易受到噪声样本的影响,导致模型陷入局部最优解[24]。MLP是一种前向结构的人工神经网络(Artificial Neural Network,ANN),基于生理学的智能仿生模型,由大量神经元组成,可提高运算速率,其数据的分布储存形式利于建立联想,容错能力又使其在模糊计算及非线性计算中发挥优势[25]。但所需参数较多,且网络的隐含节点个数选取较难,若样本量过少则易致学习不够充分,会影响到结果的可信度和可接受程度[26]。这些算法基于不同的数学原理,具有各自的优缺点,均可运用于中医辨证领域的研究。
为提高癌痛辨证模型的准确性,本研究基于LSVC、NC、MNB、RF、SGD、MLP模型等机器学习算法,以癌痛常见的四诊信息为输入变量,以气机郁滞证、瘀血阻滞证、痰湿凝聚证、热毒蕴结证、气血亏虚证、正虚瘀结证6种证型为输出变量,对癌痛中医智能辨证模型构建进行了深入分析与探索。五折交叉验证评价结果表明,6种模型的拟合效果较好,准确率、查准率与查全率等均较高。具体言之,SGD在6个分类器模型中表现最差,NC模型交叉验证结果稳定,其评价结果明显优于其他5种模型,准确率、查准率与查全率等均达到97%以上,说明在机器学习模型中,NC算法模型更适用于癌痛辨证诊断的多分类任务,是较为理想的、泛化能力最好的分类器。中医智能辨证不仅需在特定数据集中拟合出评价结果较高的算法模型,也要求模型参数具有中医可解释性。因此,本研究继而对NC模型进行了四诊信息贡献度的提取,发现在癌痛辨证模型中,舌脉特征的贡献度较高,表明癌痛辨证模型对舌脉信息的依赖度较大。此外,该算法模型较好地拟合了每一证型中的典型症状,例如气机郁滞证中的神疲乏力、纳呆,瘀血阻滞证中的面色紫暗、痛有定处,痰湿凝聚证中的形体胖大,热毒蕴结证中的口干咽燥、心烦,气血亏虚证中的气短、少气懒言,正虚瘀结证中的积块坚硬、面色晦暗等,上述症状在证型诊断中贡献度较高,符合中医辨证原理,近似拟合出了与病案相匹配的诊断模型,对临床辨证具有借鉴意义。
由于本研究所采用的数据仅来源于文献病案数据,样本量较小,对于需要以大量数据为基础的深度学习技术,其分类效果并不十分理想。NC算法是一种基于相似性的基线分类器,在小样本数据中可以获得更好的性能,能提供可解释的结果。在临床实际应用中,医务人员尚需将患者整体、动态的疾病信息串联起来,借助癌痛辨证模型对采集的四诊资料进行整理、分析及辨识,实现癌痛的中医辨证智能化,提高临床工作效率。
综上所述,基于AI建立癌痛中医辨证模型具有方法学上的可行性,以NC模型构建的癌痛中医辨证模型评价性能较好,具有符合中医辨证原理的参数可解释性,对临床更有参考价值。为提高辨证准确率,增强辨证可靠性,未来研究尚需结合临床,纳入生物医学、统计、精算和计算机等多学科、多方面人才共同参与,进行大样本、多层次的研究,建立科学规范的数字化和智能化辨证方法,实现精准辨证。中医辨证与AI的结合是时代的选择,也是使中医保持新鲜活力、可持续发展的契机,相信未来的中医智能辨证将具有良好的应用前景,可为人类的健康做出更多的贡献。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82203171)
  • 江苏省中医药科技发展计划项目(MS2021097)
  • 江苏省卫生健康委员会干部保健课题项目(BJ23023)
  • 江苏省卫生健康委科研项目(M2021114)
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2025年第43卷第3期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.03.004
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-03-10
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基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82203171)
江苏省中医药科技发展计划项目(MS2021097)
江苏省卫生健康委员会干部保健课题项目(BJ23023)
江苏省卫生健康委科研项目(M2021114)
作者信息
    1.江苏省肿瘤医院,江苏省肿瘤防治研究所,南京医科大学附属肿瘤医院,江苏 南京 210009
    2.南京邮电大学,江苏 南京 210023
    3.江苏省护理学会,江苏 南京 210008

通讯作者:

张柳柳(1978-),女,江苏南通人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,学士,研究方向:恶性肿瘤管理。E-mail:。
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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