Article(id=1322922730361860892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322922680609014711, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793338957633, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1739116800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793338957633, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793338957633, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793338957633, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322922680609014711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1739116800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793338945772, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340618065, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929694785536732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322922680609014711, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929694785536733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322922680609014711, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=62, endPage=65, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322922730558993181, articleId=1322922730361860892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Exploring Mechanism of Treating Ferroptosis Induced by Biological Clock Disorder from Liver, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Dysfunction of circadian rhythms can induce ferroptosis by affecting the expressions of clock genes. According to the holographic theory of traditional Chinese medicine,each cell in the body is regarded as a microcosm of the entire body. The source,distribution and function of iron in cells are similar to those of nutrient Qi,and mitochondria are similar to those of defensive Qi. Moreover,the function of nutrient Qi is controlling the opening and closing of the cell membrane. It is speculated that nutrient Qi and defensive Qi inhibit the process of cell ferroptosis by balancing intracellular iron content and improving mitochondrial morphology and cell membrane structure,and the main mechanism of ferroptosis is the decline of mitochondrial structure and function caused by iron overload and membrane damage,indicating that the deficiency of defensive Qi caused by excessive nutrient Qi is a traditional Chinese medicine pathogenesis of ferroptosis induced by biological clock disorder. The liver's function of regulating blood circulation and storing blood plays a role in regulating the circulation of Qi and promoting the production of blood. It can be seen that treating liver can effectively improve iron death induced by the disturbance of the biological clock by regulating nutrient Qi and defensive Qi.

, authors=Jiarui MIAO, Xu FAN, Yiran CHEN, authorsList=Jiarui MIAO, Xu FAN, Yiran CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xu FAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322922731158778656, articleId=1322922730361860892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=从肝论治生物钟紊乱诱发铁死亡的机制探讨, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

昼夜节律紊乱可通过影响时钟基因表达诱发铁死亡,根据中医全息理论,将机体每个细胞都看作是整个机体的缩影,细胞中的铁与营气来源、分布及功能方面相似,线粒体和卫气来源、功能及节律方面相似,且卫气司细胞膜开阖的功能,推测出营卫二气可能通过平衡细胞内铁含量、改善线粒体形态结构以及细胞膜结构来抑制细胞铁死亡的过程,又因铁死亡的机制主要是铁超载引起线粒体结构功能衰退和膜损伤,说明中医营气过盛导致卫气不足是生物钟紊乱诱发铁死亡的中医病机。肝主疏泄、藏血功能对营卫二气起到“肝主卫气”和“肝生血气”的作用,可见,从肝论治可通过调和营卫有效改善生物钟紊乱诱发的铁死亡。

, authors=苗嘉芮, 樊旭, 陈怡然, authorsList=苗嘉芮, 樊旭, 陈怡然, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=樊旭, authorNote=

苗嘉芮(1989-),女,辽宁鞍山人,讲师,博士后,研究方向:针刺调节昼夜节律紊乱的机制。

, correspAuthorsNote=
樊旭(1972-),男,辽宁朝阳人,教授,博士,研究方向:中医理论对昼夜节律紊乱的机制研究。E-mail:。
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苗嘉芮(1989-),女,辽宁鞍山人,讲师,博士后,研究方向:针刺调节昼夜节律紊乱的机制。

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苗嘉芮(1989-),女,辽宁鞍山人,讲师,博士后,研究方向:针刺调节昼夜节律紊乱的机制。

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从肝论治生物钟紊乱诱发铁死亡的机制探讨
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苗嘉芮 , 樊旭 , 陈怡然
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(2): 62-65
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (2) : 62 -65
从肝论治生物钟紊乱诱发铁死亡的机制探讨
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苗嘉芮, 樊旭 , 陈怡然
作者信息
  • 辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847
通讯作者:
樊旭(1972-),男,辽宁朝阳人,教授,博士,研究方向:中医理论对昼夜节律紊乱的机制研究。E-mail:。
作者简介:

苗嘉芮(1989-),女,辽宁鞍山人,讲师,博士后,研究方向:针刺调节昼夜节律紊乱的机制。

Exploring Mechanism of Treating Ferroptosis Induced by Biological Clock Disorder from Liver
Jiarui MIAO, Xu FAN , Yiran CHEN
Affiliations
  • Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110847,Liaoning,China
出版时间: 2025-02-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.014
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昼夜节律紊乱可通过影响时钟基因表达诱发铁死亡,根据中医全息理论,将机体每个细胞都看作是整个机体的缩影,细胞中的铁与营气来源、分布及功能方面相似,线粒体和卫气来源、功能及节律方面相似,且卫气司细胞膜开阖的功能,推测出营卫二气可能通过平衡细胞内铁含量、改善线粒体形态结构以及细胞膜结构来抑制细胞铁死亡的过程,又因铁死亡的机制主要是铁超载引起线粒体结构功能衰退和膜损伤,说明中医营气过盛导致卫气不足是生物钟紊乱诱发铁死亡的中医病机。肝主疏泄、藏血功能对营卫二气起到“肝主卫气”和“肝生血气”的作用,可见,从肝论治可通过调和营卫有效改善生物钟紊乱诱发的铁死亡。

生物钟紊乱  /  铁死亡  /  卫弱营强  /  肝  /  中医全息理论

Dysfunction of circadian rhythms can induce ferroptosis by affecting the expressions of clock genes. According to the holographic theory of traditional Chinese medicine,each cell in the body is regarded as a microcosm of the entire body. The source,distribution and function of iron in cells are similar to those of nutrient Qi,and mitochondria are similar to those of defensive Qi. Moreover,the function of nutrient Qi is controlling the opening and closing of the cell membrane. It is speculated that nutrient Qi and defensive Qi inhibit the process of cell ferroptosis by balancing intracellular iron content and improving mitochondrial morphology and cell membrane structure,and the main mechanism of ferroptosis is the decline of mitochondrial structure and function caused by iron overload and membrane damage,indicating that the deficiency of defensive Qi caused by excessive nutrient Qi is a traditional Chinese medicine pathogenesis of ferroptosis induced by biological clock disorder. The liver's function of regulating blood circulation and storing blood plays a role in regulating the circulation of Qi and promoting the production of blood. It can be seen that treating liver can effectively improve iron death induced by the disturbance of the biological clock by regulating nutrient Qi and defensive Qi.

biological clock disorder  /  ferroptosis  /  excessive nutrient Qi and insufficient defensive Qi  /  liver  /  holographic theory
苗嘉芮, 樊旭, 陈怡然. 从肝论治生物钟紊乱诱发铁死亡的机制探讨. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (2) : 62 -65 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.014
Jiarui MIAO, Xu FAN, Yiran CHEN. Exploring Mechanism of Treating Ferroptosis Induced by Biological Clock Disorder from Liver[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (2) : 62 -65 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.014
铁死亡是近年来发现的一种新的细胞死亡形式。研究表明,铁死亡与许多疾病发病过程密切相关,如肿瘤、肾损伤、缺血再灌注损伤、神经系统疾病、血液病等[1]。如何通过调节细胞铁死亡来预防相关疾病的发生和发展是目前研究的热点和焦点。然而在铁死亡的研究过程中,从中西医结合的角度对铁死亡的功能变化和具体的分子机制仍需进一步探索。本文全新诠释了铁死亡现代医学领域认知与中医营卫理论的关联性,以及从肝论治改善铁死亡的可能性,旨在为进一步了解其发病机制和治疗手段提供参考。
铁死亡是细胞中的活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)在铁存在下,氧化脂膜上的多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFA)产生脂质过氧化物,从而引起膜损伤,造成细胞死亡。在2012年,DIXON SJ[2]首先提出了铁死亡是一种铁依赖性的特殊细胞死亡模式,以脂质活性氧的积累为主要特征。与细胞坏死、凋亡和自噬不同,铁死亡既不具有典型坏死的细胞质和细胞器肿胀、细胞膜破裂等形态学特征,也不具有传统细胞凋亡的细胞收缩、染色质凝聚、凋亡小体形成、细胞骨架解体等特征。这种独特的细胞死亡模式的主要驱动力是铁依赖性磷脂过氧化作用,在其发生和发展过程中受多种细胞代谢途径调节,包括氧化还原稳态、脂质和糖的代谢、线粒体活性和铁处理,以及与疾病相关的各种信号通路[3],这些途径都可以影响铁死亡的发生与发展。除此之外,时钟基因的表达水平对铁死亡也具有一定的调控作用。
生物钟是指生物体由一组生物钟基因控制的生理节律,使得生物体能够适应外部环境变化。时钟基因是控制生物钟的特殊基因,它们互相作用参与人体代谢、免疫系统、神经功能等多个方面。哺乳动物的昼夜节律钟主要依赖于两种转录因子,即时钟昼夜节律调节器(CLOCK)和芳烃受体核易位子样(ARNTL,也称为BMAL1),CLOCK和BMAL1的异源二聚体(CLOCK:BMAL1)可以识别基因启动子中的顺式作用元件E-box,从而启动下游基因的节律转录,例如周期基因(PER1、PER2和PER3)和隐色素家族基因(CRY1和CRY2)。反过来,PERs或CRYs蛋白表达的增加通过蛋白-蛋白相互作用抑制CLOCK:BMAL1的转录功能[4]。研究表明,CLOCK基因通过增加谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(glutathione Peroxidase 4,GPX4)和过氧化酶体增生物激活受体γ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ,PPARγ)的表达抑制小鼠铁死亡进而调节癫痫发作[5]。ZHANG Z L[6]在研究吸烟引起的男性生殖损伤机制中发现,尼古丁可通过BMAL1介导的重组与合成蛋白(nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2,Nrf2)诱导脂质过氧化和随后的铁死亡。LIN H[7]也提出BMAL1通过蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,PKB,又称Akt)/p53信号通路抑制脂多糖引发的H9C2细胞铁死亡。由此可见,时钟基因对铁死亡具有确切的调节作用。因此,机体生物钟紊乱可影响铁死亡的发生与发展。
中医整体观念是指人体内外环境的统一性和机体自身整体性的思想,它是古代唯物论和辩证法思想在中医学中的体现,其中蕴含了极为丰富的“中医全息理论”。生物全息律是指生物的任何一个小部分都包含整体的全部信息,即每个小部分都是整体的缩影。如受精卵通过有丝分裂分化为体细胞的过程中,DNA的半保留复制过程使体细胞获得了与受精卵相同的一套基因,从而发育成一个新机体。因此,每个体细胞都具有独立发育成新器官的能力和表现。这与老子《道德经》“道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物”的中国古典朴素唯物主义相吻合。细胞是生命的基本组织单位。细胞的增殖、分化、功能特征以及最终的细胞死亡,在生命的无数表现中至关重要。细胞的命运和功能受到环境因素的影响,决定细胞命运的关键环节是细胞如何应对氧化应激。脂质的氧化修饰(如脂质过氧化)已成为一系列环境改变引起细胞氧化应激反应的关键作用机制。
铁死亡是以细胞内活性氧堆积为主要特征的细胞死亡形式。铁死亡发生在细胞中,形态学方面,主要表现为线粒体形态结构改变和膜损伤,即线粒体体积减小、线粒体嵴减少或消失、膜密度增加[1];生物化学方面,细胞内谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)减少,GPX4失活,脂质过氧化物不能被GPX4催化,Fe2+氧化脂质产生大量ROS,最终导致铁死亡[2]。由此可见,铁的参与是铁死亡的必要条件。人体的铁来源于每日的膳食,食物中的铁分为血红素铁(Fe2+)和非血红素铁(Fe3+)两种形式,肠道中的铁还原酶(duodenal cytochrome B,DcytB)将Fe3+还原为Fe2+,经二价金属转运体1(divalent cation transporter 1,DMT1)将肠腔中的Fe2+带入细胞中,然后再通过铁转运蛋白1(ferroportin,FP1)将Fe2+转运至血液,同时,肠黏膜上皮细胞的基底侧膜上幽门螺杆菌将Fe2+氧化成Fe3+,Fe3+进入血液后与血液中转铁蛋白(transferrin,Tf)结合,运送至全身组织细胞,携带Fe3+的Tf与组织细胞膜表面的转铁蛋白膜受体(transferrin receptor,TfR)结合使细胞膜内陷形成囊泡,在囊泡中Fe3+与Tf分离,游离的Fe3+在囊泡表面的STEAP家族成员3(STEAPfamily member 3,STEAP3)作用下还原为Fe2+,Fe2+经DMT1转运至细胞质基质中被组织细胞直接利用,如合成血红蛋白(见插页Ⅵ图1)。由此从中医理论可以理解为铁本身来源于水谷精微,通过血脉运行至全身,起到濡养全身的作用,这与“营气之道,内谷为宝”(《灵枢·营气》)、“营者,水谷之精气也,和调于五藏,洒陈于六府,乃能入于脉也。故循脉上下,贯五藏,络六府也。”(《素问·痹论篇》)和“营气者,泌其津液,注之于脉,化以为血……”(《灵枢·邪客》)所阐述的营气来源于水谷精微,化生血液,营养周身的功能一致,因此,根据细胞中的铁与营气相似的来源、分布及功能,大胆推测细胞中的铁可能是营气重要组成成分之一。
铁死亡还能导致线粒体形态结构改变和膜损伤。线粒体是细胞能量代谢的中心,其核心功能是通过氧化磷酸化合成三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)。线粒体功能障碍会导致细胞的损伤甚至凋亡。既往研究已经证实脾虚大鼠骨骼肌线粒体的形态与数量发生异常改变,伴随着肌原纤维间线粒体数目减少,线粒体密度增加,线粒体大小不一,肿胀,嵴部分或全部消失,线粒体外膜结构破坏等,因此刘友章教提出了“中医脾—线粒体相关”学说[8]。说明中医脾脏与线粒体关系密切。这与“人受气于谷,谷入于胃,以传于肺,五脏六腑,皆以受气,其清者为营,浊者为卫。”(《灵枢·营卫生会》)所描述的卫气源于脾胃似乎在某种意义上具有关联性。在功能方面,线粒体中的三羧酸循环产物可参与电子传递(呼吸链),推动氧化磷酸化协同进行能量转换和ATP的形成,给机体提供能量,因此可将该过程理解为与卫气“温分肉”“熏肓膜”作用相似[9]。线粒体还能维持细胞内钙稳定[10],调控免疫相关的信号通路,释放免疫因子[11-12],这与卫气防御外邪功能相似[13]。此外,在昼夜节律方面,线粒体与卫气同样也具有相似性。UCHIYAMA Y[14]在1981年提出,线粒体在光暗周期环境下有着节律性的变化。应俊杰等[15]发现线粒体形态上的节律变化与节律基因BMAL1的调控有关。可见,线粒体无论是从自发性节律还是从形态学角度都具有昼夜节律。这类似于“昼日常行于阳,夜行于阴”的卫气节律。因此,线粒体和卫气在来源、功能及节律方面都极为相似。在中医全息理论中,细胞是生物体整体的缩影,将细胞看成一个整体,细胞膜好比卫外屏障,铁死亡最终导致细胞膜损伤,破坏细胞的卫外屏障。《医旨绪余·宗气营气卫气》有云:“卫气者,为言护卫周身……不使外邪侵犯也。”说明卫气具有护卫和防御的功能,卫气“司开阖”(《灵枢·本藏》)作用可影响细胞膜的结构和功能。可见,卫气“司开阖”除了司汗孔开阖、三焦开阖、人体气机升降开阖、目之开合以外,还司细胞膜之开阖。因此,大胆推测卫气在调节线粒体的同时,还对细胞膜的结构和功能具有调控作用。综上所述,营卫二气可能通过平衡细胞内铁含量、改善线粒体形态结构以及细胞膜结构来抑制细胞铁死亡的过程。
铁死亡主要机制是铁超载或脂氧合酶作用下,催化细胞膜上高表达的不饱和脂肪酸发生脂质过氧化,从而诱导细胞死亡。铁是营气重要组成成分,铁超载将引起营气过盛。铁死亡在细胞形态上会导致线粒体萎缩、嵴减少或消失、膜密度增加等线粒体形态结构的改变将引起卫气不足。侯冠群[16]在研究《内经》营卫理论时提出“卫弱营强”一词,因此,铁超载引起线粒体结构功能衰退和膜损伤的铁死亡过程与中医营气过盛导致卫气不足的病机相似。
“卫气者,所以温分肉,充皮肤,肥腠理,司开合者也……卫气和,则分肉解利,皮肤调柔,腠理致密矣。”(《灵枢·本藏》)卫,有保卫、护卫的意思,人体卫气的功能主要表现为护卫肌表、抵御外邪,卫阳温煦、温养全身,司腠开合、行关寤寐。“肝者主为将,使之候外,欲知坚固,视目小大。”(《灵枢·师传》)“肝者,将军之官,其气刚强,故能捍御而使之候外。”(《类经》)肝主疏泄,调畅全身气机,全身精、气、血、津液的运行、输布、代谢、排泄以及情志变化等均与肝疏通、调畅作用密切相关。肝具有刚强、躁急的特性,而卫气慓疾滑利,从同气相求的理论来看,所谓“悍将御猛兵”。肝开窍于目,卫气的循行从目始而终归于目,肝主藏血,为卫气固表的能量来源[17]。可见,肝与卫气在特性、分布及功能方面具有相似性。
“卫者,水谷之悍气也,其气慓疾滑利,不能入于脉也,故循皮肤之中,分肉之间。”(《素问·痹论篇》)卫气由水谷精微中慓悍滑利的部分经肝的气化作用化生而成,卫气的生成离不开肝的气化作用。肝主疏泄,调畅气机,全身之气的运行都受肝的主导,肝主一身阳气之升腾,卫气亦由肝从下焦升发上注于肺,而后宣发布散于全身发挥防御、温养和调节的作用[18],因此,肝主疏泄可主宰卫气由水谷悍气生成、在皮肉之间循行、发挥防御、温养和调节作用。
在昼夜节律方面,“卫气昼日行于阳,夜半则行于阴……阳气尽,阴气盛,则目暝;阴气尽而阳气盛,则寤矣。”(《灵枢·口问》)卫气日阳夜阴,循行往复的规律与人体日出而作,日落而息的生活习惯相对应,说明卫气的昼夜循行规律与寤寐息息相关。肝主疏泄可通过卫气运行调控人体气机运行畅达,进而影响昼夜节律变化[19]。因此,肝调畅气机促使卫气生成、运行以发挥肝主卫气的作用。
叶天士在《本草经解》中载:“肝者,敢也,生气生血之脏也。”说明肝升发一身血气,是气血的本源。清代唐容川《血证论》言:“人之一身,不外阴阳。而阴阳二字,即是水火。水火二字,即是气血,水即化气,火即化血”。肝位于心肾两脏之间,夹于水火之缝,掣制着脾胃的升清降浊,若肝主疏泄功能正常,则脾升胃降调和,气血津液能正常化生,上奉于心赤化为血,下达于肾化为肾精,可见,肝是气血化生的重要枢纽[20]。肝藏血出自《素问·调经论篇》:“夫心藏神,肺藏气,肝藏血,脾藏肉,肾藏志,而此成形。”其为肝生血提供物质基础。《疡医大全》云:“经曰肝主春,其曰甲乙,东方生风,风生木,木生酸,酸生肝,肝为阴中之少阳,通于春气。”说明“肝生血气”是由于肝为阳中之少阳通于春气,春气生发,万物俱荣,人体感应春气,气血也顺其生发之性而旺盛。现代医学认为肝脏是血液中营养物质合成与交换的场所,如在肝脏内血液中多余葡萄糖转化成肝糖原储藏起来,肝细胞的内质网合成血浆蛋白,构成血液的主要成分[21]。因此,肝为气血本源、枢纽以及物质基础等生理特征为肝生血气提供可靠依据。
营气是血液的重要组成部分[21]。《素问·痹论篇》载:“营者,水谷之精气也。和调于五脏,洒陈于六腑,乃能入于脉也。故循脉上下,贯五脏,络六腑也。”《灵枢·邪客》曰:“营气者,泌其津液,注之于脉,化以为血。”营气由脾胃运化的水谷精微所化生,经过脾主升清,上输心肺,通过心肺作用化为血,进入脉中,使五脏六腑、四肢百骸都得到营气的滋养。肝通过调畅气机,促使脉气通达全身,若肝失疏泄,则全身气机不畅,升清降浊逆反,影响气血的整个化生过程,使血脉瘀阻、新血不能生成。因此,肝可通过推动营气化生血液使血液运行全身,濡养周身。
铁死亡机制主要归纳为铁代谢、GSH/GPX4抗氧化体系、脂质过氧化和辅酶Q10信号通路四条途径[22]。第一,铁过载时,高浓度的Fe2+发生芬顿反应,产生ROS并激活脂氧合酶(lipoxygenases,LOXs)造成细胞膜氧化损伤[23],诱导铁死亡的发生;第二,GSH/GPX4是针对脂质过氧化物蓄积的抗氧化系统,GSH缺乏将导致GPX4失活,导致细胞膜过氧化损伤和铁死亡[24]。System Xc-是一种特异性氨基酸转运体,由溶质载体家族7成员11(recombinant solute carrier family 7,member 11,SLC7A11)和溶质载体家族3成员2(recombinant solute carrier Family 3,member 2,SLC3A2)构成,通过对细胞内外谷氨酸/胱氨酸的转运影响GSH的合成,被认为是调控铁死亡的关键中枢。p53、Nrf2、铁死亡诱导剂可直接或间接地抑制System Xc-的活性,诱导铁死亡[25];第三,含有PUFA的磷脂膜过氧化引起细胞膜损伤,酰基辅酶A合成酶长链家族成员4(Acyl—CoA synthetase long-chain familymember4,ACSL4)和溶血磷脂酰胆碱酰基转移酶3(lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3,LPCAT3)会加速PUFA过氧化,抑制GPX4的活性,导致脂质过氧化物大量生成,导致铁死亡[26];第四,辅酶Q10在铁死亡抑制蛋白-1(ferroptosis suppressor protein 1,FSP1)的催化下抑制脂质及ROS的产生,阻止了脂质过氧化。前文已提及中医的营卫二气对铁死亡的发生机制具有调控作用,肝主疏泄、藏血功能对营卫二气起到“肝主卫气”和“肝生血气”的作用,由此可见,从肝论治可有效改善铁死亡的进程。研究发现,芍药性味苦、酸,性微寒,归肝经、脾经,芍药苷通过降低小鼠肝脏ACSL4、LPCAT3 mRNA表达,增加Nrf2、GPX4 mRNA水平,抑制肝脏脂质过氧化和铁死亡,减轻糖尿病并发的肝脏损伤[27]。青蒿味苦、辛,性寒,入肝经,也入胆经,蒿甲醚在大鼠肝纤维化模型实验中可以上调SLC7A11和铁离子水平,通过p53/SLC7A11通路介导铁死亡发挥抗肝纤维化的作用[28]。不仅入肝经的中药单体对铁死亡有改善作用,而且中药复方对铁死亡也有显著的调控作用。季阿芳[29]采用清肝益脾胶囊通过下调脂代谢相关通路中GPX4和ACSL4的表达,减少丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline posphatase,ALP)表达,降低肝脏铁死亡,从而改善肝脏脂代谢紊乱。叶苗青[30]发现运用化脂复肝颗粒可降低SLC7A11 mRNA表达量,对非酒精性脂肪肝脂肪铁死亡具有调控作用。曾阳等[31]通过采用从肝治心组方升高大鼠H9C2心肌细胞存活率及线粒体膜电位,降低Fe2+及ROS水平。因此,从肝论治选取中药单体和中药复方对铁死亡具有显著的调节作用。
中医学与西医学存在着整体论与还原论的差异,但整体论与还原论并不相互矛盾,反而相互补充。人们对铁死亡的认知是从“白箱化”向“黑箱化”转化的过程,从最初的铁死亡西医研究机制的探索到如今以中医全息理论为指导营卫二气参与铁死亡调控的设想,诠释了中西医结合角度对铁死亡全新的认知。这是一场全新的科学革命,中医学在充分吸收西医学优点的同时,借鉴和转化各学科的思想,形成学科交融,从而让“卫弱营强-铁死亡”这一中西医结合理论得到应有的诠释与发展。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82305391)
  • 辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(LJKMZ20221307)
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.014
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-02-10
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国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82305391)
辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(LJKMZ20221307)
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    辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847

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樊旭(1972-),男,辽宁朝阳人,教授,博士,研究方向:中医理论对昼夜节律紊乱的机制研究。E-mail:。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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