Article(id=1322912359261544479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322912162913596032, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793336484970, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1736438400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793336484970, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793336484970, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793336484970, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322912162913596032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1736438400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793336438157, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340633627, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929760048906989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322912162913596032, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929760048906990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322912162913596032, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1, endPage=4, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322912359550951456, articleId=1322912359261544479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Inheritance,Innovation and Scientific Connotation of Sweat and Blood Homology Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnId=1256183423710970242, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=New Opinion of Ph.D. Supervisor, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Sweat is one of the important body fluids and metabolic products of the human body,while the application of sweat detection in disease diagnosis and treatment is stillnotpopular. The sweatand blood homology theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has guiding significance for the understanding and clinical application of sweat. This article systematically reviewed the classic theory of sweatand blood homology,then explained and enriched the sweatand blood homology theory of TCM according to the inheritance and innovation of clinical practice. This article revealed the potential scientific connotations of sweat and blood homology by combining withmodern research progress,including the detection of biochemical indicators,virus,blood drug concentration in sweataswell as the relationship between sweatand chronic heart failure,which broadened the ideas for the clinical application of sweatdetection and sweating treatment. This article aimed to focus on original theories of TCM,identify clinical issues and usemodern scientific technology to clarify and explain the sweat theory of TCM,which would promote the inheritance and innovation of sweat theory of TCM in clinical practice.

, authors=Guoju DONG1, 2, Xiaoyu LIANG3, 4, Xiaopeng HAO3, 4, Luqi HUANG4, authorsList=Guoju DONG, Xiaoyu LIANG, Xiaopeng HAO, Luqi HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Luqi HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322912360331092001, articleId=1322912359261544479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=中医汗血同源理论的传承创新与科学内涵, columnId=1256183426563096985, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=博士导师新论, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

汗液是人体重要的体液之一,也是人体的代谢产物,但是汗液检测在疾病诊治中的应用并不广泛。中医汗血同源理论对汗液的认识和临床应用有指导意义,通过系统梳理汗血同源的经典理论,结合临床实践的传承与创新,阐释和丰富了中医汗血同源理论。在此基础上,结合现代研究进展,通过汗液中的生化指标检测、病毒检测、血药浓度检测与监测,以及汗液与慢性心力衰竭的相关研究进展,揭示了汗血同源的部分科学内涵,为汗液检测及发汗治疗在临床的应用拓宽了思路。旨在聚焦中医原创理论,定位临床问题,借助现代科学技术,把中医汗液理论说明白、讲清楚的同时,推动中医临床实践的传承和创新。

, authors=董国菊1, 2, 梁小雨3, 4, 郝校鹏3, 4, 黄璐琦4, authorsList=董国菊, 梁小雨, 郝校鹏, 黄璐琦, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=黄璐琦, authorNote=

董国菊(1975-),女,山东海阳人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士后,研究方向:中西医结合心血管疾病基础与临床。

, correspAuthorsNote=
黄璐琦(1968-),男,江西婺源人,研究员,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中药资源学与分子生药学。E-mail:。
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董国菊(1975-),女,山东海阳人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士后,研究方向:中西医结合心血管疾病基础与临床。

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董国菊(1975-),女,山东海阳人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士后,研究方向:中西医结合心血管疾病基础与临床。

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中医汗血同源理论的传承创新与科学内涵
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董国菊 1, 2 , 梁小雨 3, 4 , 郝校鹏 3, 4 , 黄璐琦 4
中华中医药学刊 | 博士导师新论 2025,43(1): 1-4
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中华中医药学刊 |博士导师新论 2025 , 43 (1) : 1 -4
中医汗血同源理论的传承创新与科学内涵
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董国菊(1975-),女,山东海阳人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士后,研究方向:中西医结合心血管疾病基础与临床。

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董国菊(1975-),女,山东海阳人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士后,研究方向:中西医结合心血管疾病基础与临床。

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董国菊1, 2, 梁小雨3, 4, 郝校鹏3, 4, 黄璐琦4
作者信息
  • 1.中国中医科学院西苑医院,北京 100091
  • 2.国家中医临床心血管病研究中心,北京 100091
  • 3.中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京 100700
  • 4.中国中医科学院,北京 100700
通讯作者:
黄璐琦(1968-),男,江西婺源人,研究员,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中药资源学与分子生药学。E-mail:。
作者简介:

董国菊(1975-),女,山东海阳人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士后,研究方向:中西医结合心血管疾病基础与临床。

Inheritance,Innovation and Scientific Connotation of Sweat and Blood Homology Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Guoju DONG1, 2, Xiaoyu LIANG3, 4, Xiaopeng HAO3, 4, Luqi HUANG4
Affiliations
  • 1.Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100091, China
  • 2.National Clinical Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100091, China
  • 3.Chinese Medicine Resource Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
  • 4.China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
出版时间: 2025-01-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.001
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汗液是人体重要的体液之一,也是人体的代谢产物,但是汗液检测在疾病诊治中的应用并不广泛。中医汗血同源理论对汗液的认识和临床应用有指导意义,通过系统梳理汗血同源的经典理论,结合临床实践的传承与创新,阐释和丰富了中医汗血同源理论。在此基础上,结合现代研究进展,通过汗液中的生化指标检测、病毒检测、血药浓度检测与监测,以及汗液与慢性心力衰竭的相关研究进展,揭示了汗血同源的部分科学内涵,为汗液检测及发汗治疗在临床的应用拓宽了思路。旨在聚焦中医原创理论,定位临床问题,借助现代科学技术,把中医汗液理论说明白、讲清楚的同时,推动中医临床实践的传承和创新。

汗液  /  中医原创理论  /  汗血同源  /  传承  /  创新  /  科学内涵

Sweat is one of the important body fluids and metabolic products of the human body,while the application of sweat detection in disease diagnosis and treatment is stillnotpopular. The sweatand blood homology theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has guiding significance for the understanding and clinical application of sweat. This article systematically reviewed the classic theory of sweatand blood homology,then explained and enriched the sweatand blood homology theory of TCM according to the inheritance and innovation of clinical practice. This article revealed the potential scientific connotations of sweat and blood homology by combining withmodern research progress,including the detection of biochemical indicators,virus,blood drug concentration in sweataswell as the relationship between sweatand chronic heart failure,which broadened the ideas for the clinical application of sweatdetection and sweating treatment. This article aimed to focus on original theories of TCM,identify clinical issues and usemodern scientific technology to clarify and explain the sweat theory of TCM,which would promote the inheritance and innovation of sweat theory of TCM in clinical practice.

sweat  /  original theory of traditional Chinese medicine  /  sweatand blood homology  /  inheritance  /  innovation  /  scientific connotations
董国菊, 梁小雨, 郝校鹏, 黄璐琦. 中医汗血同源理论的传承创新与科学内涵. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (1) : 1 -4 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.001
Guoju DONG, Xiaoyu LIANG, Xiaopeng HAO, Luqi HUANG. Inheritance,Innovation and Scientific Connotation of Sweat and Blood Homology Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (1) : 1 -4 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.001
汗液是人体代谢的产物,出汗是人体常见的生理现象。虽然汗液富含电解质、代谢物、激素、药物以及一系列生物标志物[1],汗液的采集与分析方法也一直在不断优化[2-3],但目前对汗液的认识和汗液检测在临床的应用远不如血液研究的深入和广泛[4]。汗液的代谢过程、汗液的内在成分、影响汗液排泄的生理和病理因素以及汗液在疾病防治、养生保健、疾病预后分析中的应用价值均缺乏系统的研究和阐释。
中医学对汗液的生成、输布、代谢、异常汗液的病理意义、汗液对疾病转归和预后的影响等有丰富的论述和系统的理论体系。中医学提出的汗血同源理论在临床上有诸多启发和指导意义。随着医学的发展,立足于解决现代临床问题,借助先进的科学技术,对汗血同源理论的科学内涵有了更多深入探讨的可能:汗液如能代替血液进行体内部分物质的分析检测,即可减少、免去患者反复抽血带来的不便和困扰,尤其对于血容量不足、血管弹性差、采血不容易的年老体弱患者;如能在汗液中检测到感染性/传染性疾病排泄出来的病毒,则可以在一定程度上阐释发汗治疗外感疾病的本质是通过排出体内病毒/细菌达到的治疗效果;如果能通过发汗减少血容量,则为治疗慢性心力衰竭(心衰)等容量负荷过多的疾病提供了新的干预手段。本文对汗血同源理论渊源和临床实践进行了系统梳理,在传承的基础上结合现代科学研究,寻求可以佐证和阐释汗血同源科学内涵的研究成果,再回归临床实践中存在的问题,对汗血同源的传承创新提出新的思考,以期在传承创新中医原创理论基础上,推动中医原创理论的落地与转化、回归临床、指导临床,产生使社会获益的成果。
汗血同源的理论最早可以追溯到《黄帝内经》,其理论渊源主要包括以下三个方面:(1)汗液和血液的生成来源同源。一则汗、血、津同源。《灵枢·决气》曰:“腠理发泄,汗出溱溱,是谓津”,提出了汗津同源;《灵枢·决气》又指出:“营气者,泌其津液,注之于脉,化以为血”,说明了津血同源;汗津同源和津血同源,说明汗血也必然同根同源[5]。二则汗、血、精同源。《素问·评热病论篇》言:“人所以汗出者,皆生于谷,谷生于精,……汗者精气也”,明确指出了汗来源于人体谷物所化生的精气,而血也由水谷精微所化,《灵枢·决气》指出:“中焦受气取汁,变化而赤,是谓血。”精和血相互资生、相互转化,《诸病源候论·虚劳精血出候》言:“肾藏精,精者,血之所成也。”《读医随笔·气血精神论》则指出:“精者,血之精微所成”。由此可见,汗、血、津、精同根同源,而汗和血是能够直观、客观检测和分析的与人体密切相关的体液,二者同源的理论为临床的诊断治疗奠定了基础。(2)汗液和血液同为心所主。汗液一方面与心主血脉相关,《素问·五脏生成篇》曰:“诸血者,皆属于心”,李中梓在《医宗必读·汗》中言:“心之所藏,在内者为血,发于外者为汗,汗者心之液也”。另一方面汗液与心主神明相关,《素问·经脉别论篇》曰:“惊而夺精,汗出于心”,而《素问·调经论篇》曰:“心藏神”,《灵枢·本神》又指出:“所以任物者谓之心”。心藏神任物,总统魂魄,兼赅意志,为五脏六腑之大主,出汗是人体在心神的主宰下对外界的情志刺激、温度变化等做出的反应和机体保护措施[6]。(3)汗液和血液同属阴液。《素问·营卫生会篇》云:“夺血者无汗、夺汗者无血”,血液、汗液都属于阴液范畴,二者相互影响。因为阴血不能速生,但阴津可以速补,血液和汗液之间又可以互补互救,叶天士在《温热论》中指出:“救阴不在血,而在津与汗”,《临证指南医案》也强调:“保得一分津液,即存得一分性命”,都是指通过养阴津以补血源充脉道,维系人体体液的供耗平衡[7]。
《伤寒论》中以衄代汗治疗外邪束表,即是汗血同源理论的具体应用。第46条曰:“太阳病,脉浮紧,无汗发热,身疼痛,八九日不解,表证仍在,此当发其汗。服药已微除,其人发烦目瞑,剧者必衄,衄乃解。所以然者,阳气重故也”。第47条原文:“太阳病,脉浮紧,发热,身无汗,自衄者,愈”。第46、47两条的衄血或服药或未服药,都存在邪气不能通过鼓汗外解,邪热上迫,借衄顺势祛邪,后世称衄血为“红汗”,形象地说明了汗血同源[8]。张仲景在《伤寒论·辨太阳病脉证并治》中强调“衄家不可发汗、亡血家不可发汗”,也是从汗血同源的角度对临床医生提出告诫。衄血自愈毕竟属于少数,很多时候需要人为“放血”以代替汗出祛邪的功能。刺络放血疗法是临床常用的针灸治疗方法,用三棱针或者梅花针等刺破人体某些穴位或者病患处,通过放出少量血液而达到治疗疾病的效果,也是汗血同源理论的临床应用[9]。
汗法是中医八法之首,是指通过出汗的方法祛邪外出,以达到调和营卫气血、调畅血脉的目的,汗血同源是汗法的理论基础,可用于治疗表证和内伤杂病[10-11]。仲景在《金匮要略·黄疸病脉证并治十五》中指出:“诸病黄家,但利其小便,假令脉浮,当以汗解之”,通过汗液清理血液中的毒素是发汗治疗黄疸病的主要作用机制,是汗血同源理论的体现。后人在此思想指导下,通过熏蒸发汗法治疗淤胆型肝炎患者皮肤瘙痒,药物分子在蒸汽的作用下透过皮肤,与体内毒素结合,再通过出汗的方式将毒素排出体外,缓解毒素堆积导致的皮肤瘙痒症状[12]。也有学者尝试用发汗的方法治疗重型肝炎,尤其病情变化迅猛的时候,通过发汗退黄,可以“速战速决”[13]。
此外,通过发汗的方法减少血容量治疗水肿也是汗血同源理论的应用体现。《金匮要略·水气病脉证并治》中提出了水肿的治疗原则:“诸有水者,腰以下肿,当利小便,腰以上肿,当发汗乃愈”,至今仍有重要的临床指导意义。20世纪80年代有学者尝试用中药“浴汗”的方法治疗慢性肾功能衰竭引起的水肿,取得满意疗效[14];时至今日,仍有不少学者用汗法治疗糖尿病肾病[15]、慢性肾功能不全[16]等,以减少体内水钠潴留、减少尿蛋白。
汗液作为人体的代谢产物和外在表征,汗出部位、汗出多少、有无汗出等,都间接反映了体内津血的荣枯,可以作为诊断和判断疾病的重要依据。《灵枢·热病》中即有用汗出有无来决生死的描述:“热病已得汗而脉尚躁盛,此阴脉之极,衰弱之极也,死,其得汗而脉静者,生,热病者脉尚盛躁而不得汗者,此阳脉之极也,死,脉盛躁得汗静者,生”,热病汗出邪去,但脉仍躁盛,说明阴血不足、衰弱之极,相当于现代医学的低血容量性休克,故预后凶险;如果热病脉盛躁但无汗出,说明邪无出路,相当于现代医学的感染性休克,故为逆为死。《伤寒论》有关汗证的条文众多,张仲景尤善根据汗及伴随症状推断病情轻重与转归[17]:阳明病如果“但头汗出,身无汗,剂颈而还,小便不利,渴引水浆者”,可以判定为瘀热在里,致气血阻滞,患者身必发黄,病情深入血分[18];辨霍乱病脉证并治中,多次提及吐利之后本已津血不足,如若复加汗出,则阴阳气血俱虚,必四肢拘急不解,或手足厥冷,脉微欲绝。正是基于汗血同源的理论基础,才有了根据外在的汗液表征推测内在的血液充盈与否,根据汗出与不出推断疾病转归。
血糖、尿酸、电解质水平等是临床常规生化检测指标,尤其是糖尿病患者需要定期监测血糖,即便是采集指血,对需要频繁监测血糖的患者而言也是不小的心理负担。如若用无创的检测汗液达到一些临床常规指标的非侵入性、连续性和实时性监测,比如随时根据血糖变化调整胰岛素用量,将是患者的福音,也为临床医护人员带来便利[19]。借助可穿戴技术及人工智能的发展与整合,以检测汗液指标来代替血液中部分指标的想法得以实现[20],也间接揭示了汗血同源的科学内涵。
YIN Y等[21]通过制作可穿戴的汗液微流控系统,实时收集和分析汗液,用屏幕打印的汗液传感阵列同时检测多个汗液生物标志物,可以实现对钠离子、钾离子和葡萄糖的高精度检测,并呈现出良好的可重复性和稳定性,灵敏度的相对标准偏差小于5%。MA X D等[22]为了提高患者穿戴舒适度,研发了基于纺织品的汗液传感器,实现了可拆卸功能,可有效监测汗液中的钾离子含量。CHEN Z X等[23]报道了一个可视化的、智能的可穿戴汗液平台,用于检测汗液中的尿酸水平,结果表明准确率为97%,可以成为诊断痛风的可行策略。LI F等[24]制造了简单、低成本、柔性可穿戴的微流控比色检测芯片,用于无创和现场检测汗液中尿酸水平,在个体健康监测和医疗点测试方面呈现出很大的应用前景。
中医发汗解表、驱邪外出的治疗理念深入人心,如果在传染病患者的汗液中能够检测到病毒或者炎性生物标志物,就可以为中医发汗驱除的“邪”找到物质基础,既有助于揭示中医发汗治疗的作用机制,又阐释了汗血同源理论的科学内涵。
寨卡病毒是一种通过蚊虫进行传播的虫媒病毒,可以在感染者的多种体液中被发现[25]。CALVET G A等[26]共招募了260例合并感染寨卡病毒的患者,进行了为期12个月的随访,寨卡病毒在患者尿液、汗液、直肠拭子和精液中可长时间检测到。CHUGHTAIA A等[27]对感染埃博拉病毒的患者在康复期进行各种体液的检测,结果发现在发病的第40天仍可以在汗液中检测到病毒RNA。DEEN G F等[28]也在120例男性和120例女性埃博拉感染的幸存者多种体液(精液或阴道液、母乳、尿液、汗液、唾液和眼泪等)中检测到持续存在的病毒。备受关注的新型冠状病毒感染(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)患者的汗液中是否可以检测到新型冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2),至今仍存在争议。FATHIZADEH H等[29]和ARSLAN B等[30]均未在COVID-19患者的汗液标本中检测到SARS-CoV-2 RNA,但是RECALCATIS等[31]则在22例急性COVID-19患者中检测到5例患者汗液SARS-CoV-2呈阳性,占比22.7%。有关SARS-CoV-2检测结果出入考虑与采集汗液的量(是否有足够载量的病毒)和时间(是否在排毒期)都有一定的关系。CALLEWAERT C等[32]对检测犬进行了基于腋臭的SARS冠状病毒2型感染检测训练,利用腋下冷冻汗液样本检测人类SARS冠状病毒2型感染方面有良好的表现,也是对汗液中可以检测到SARS-CoV-2的佐证。
除了急性传染病,慢性传染病的汗液检测与监测更具潜力。病毒性肝炎是一种传播途径包括眼泪、胆汁、汗液、尿液、粪便和唾液的疾病[33]。KOMATSU H等[34]用聚合酶链式反应定量检测乙肝患者的乙型肝炎病毒DNA,结果100%的汗液样本中可以检测到病毒DNA,与血清标本中的病毒DNA水平呈相关性。ORTIZ-MOVILLA N等[35]在丙肝患者的汗腺上皮细胞中和汗液标本中均检测到丙型肝炎病毒RNA,证实丙型肝炎病毒在健康皮肤的汗腺细胞和角质形成细胞中复制并释放到汗液中。随着检测技术的不断进步,对于艾滋病毒[36]及其他感染性疾病[37],在汗液中积极寻找异常浓度的生物标志物,将在慢性传染病的诊断和日常管理中起到越来越重要的作用。
从20世纪70年代开始,就有学者利用人体皮肤排泄物对滥用毒品进行研究;从90年代开始,法医尝试采集汗液进行分析。随着对汗液的采集、分析技术更新,目前已经能成功地对多种滥用药物进行汗液检测,特别是可卡因代谢物、阿片剂、大麻和苯丙胺[38-39]。除了毒品,手指汗液可以作为监测抗精神病类药物的一种快速便捷的方法。研究表明,手指汗液中奥氮平等精神类药物的母体药物的质量与血浆浓度之间存在统计学上的显著相关性,不仅是汗血同源的体现,更是提供了一种有尊严的、无创的监测服用抗精神病药物的患者治疗依从性的方法[40]。随着抗癌药物种类的增多,抗癌药物之间的相互作用产生的潜在不良反应需要得到有效监测。ZHANG X等[41]设计了一种可穿戴的电化学传感器阵列,用于监测汗液中的多种抗癌药物,研究表明,该设备能以100%的准确率正确识别并区别所有9种抗癌药物,且具有良好的稳定性。可以预见,基于汗血同源理论的汗液血药浓度检测与监测将在不远的未来为临床带来很多便利。
“心在内者为血,在外者为汗”是汗血同源的理论根据之一。汗液的排泄受心主神明的主宰和心主血脉的影响,因此汗出与心脏功能密切相关[42]。现代研究已证实,汗液的排泄受自主神经和心血管系统调节,当交感神经兴奋时,汗液分泌增多。慢性心衰患者肾素血管紧张素系统和交感神经系统一直处于兴奋状态,排汗量增多,尤其急性心衰发作时,患者有全身冷汗淋漓的症状。所以,排汗量的多少可以判断交感神经兴奋性的高低,间接评估慢性心衰的程度[43]。ARONSON D等[44]创新性地提出并尝试用提高出汗率的方法改善心衰患者体内的水钠潴留,首先确保将患者皮肤温度提高到所需范围,然后观察每小时汗量,结果表明,在不将核心温度升高到正常范围以上的情况下,皮肤温度升高可以产生具有临床意义的液体去除率,治疗期间的中位每小时体质量减轻为215 g/h,与心衰患者的肾小球滤过率无关,整个过程无血流动力学或肾功能变化。该研究虽然样本量不大,却是汗血同源理论在临床的开拓性运用。
汗液作为非侵入性生物标志物的来源之一,在疾病的诊断、治疗、预后等方面都展现了良好的临床应用前景[45]。但囿于汗液收集、检测、分析技术有限,我们对汗液的生理病理过程仍不十分清楚,限制了汗液检测在临床上的广泛应用。本文基于中医汗血同源理论,总结和分析了有关汗血相关的研究,对汗血同源理论的部分科学内涵进行了阐释,也为汗液检测和发汗治疗在未来临床中的应用开拓了思路。
汗血同源理论内容丰富,不仅汗血同源,汗血与津、精也同根同源,这为今后的研究提出了新的思考:汗液与精血相关,不同年龄、不同体质、不同疾病状态的人群汗出多少、汗出时间和汗出部位不同,这就有了中医多汗、自汗、盗汗、半身汗、但头汗出的不同。汗液作为外在表征变化,按照中医“有诸于内必形诸于外”的理念,汗液变化一定有与其相关的内在物质的相应变化,这些物质应该是汗血同源的核心物质基础,对于健康管理和疾病进展有一定的预测和指导价值。此外,还有很多临床现象和临床问题需要在今后的研究中逐步探析:比如,情绪焦虑或者紧张时容易出汗,西医认为这是身体释放压力的一种方式,中医认为这是“心主神明”和“心主血脉”关系的一种体现。进一步思考,情绪应激与汗液之间存在怎样的复杂机制,汗液是否通过排出某种或者某些特殊物质以帮助机体应对压力,以此为切入点深入研究,或可揭示“汗为心之液”的科学内涵。再如,如果体内的病毒和炎性标志物从汗液代谢有一定的动态变化,则有助于阐释中医提出的当汗不当汗的科学内涵,也为当汗的干预时机、干预力度提供了依据。
随着时代发展,以人类卫生健康共同体为奋斗目标的中医人应以开放、包容的态度,将博大精深的中医理论体系与高精尖的现代科学技术相融合,聚焦中医汗液原创理论,定位临床问题,借助现代科学技术,把中医汗液理论说明白、讲清楚的同时,促进临床问题的再思考,启迪、指导临床实践。通过中医原创理论的传承与创新,推动中医临床实践的深化和拓展。
  • 中国中医科学院科技创新工程医理交叉课题项目(CI2023C010YL)
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2025年第43卷第1期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.001
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-01-10
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中国中医科学院科技创新工程医理交叉课题项目(CI2023C010YL)
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    1.中国中医科学院西苑医院,北京 100091
    2.国家中医临床心血管病研究中心,北京 100091
    3.中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京 100700
    4.中国中医科学院,北京 100700

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黄璐琦(1968-),男,江西婺源人,研究员,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中药资源学与分子生药学。E-mail:。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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