Article(id=1322912221998743880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322912162913596032, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793336452244, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1736438400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793336452244, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793336452244, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793336452244, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322912162913596032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1736438400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793336438157, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340633627, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929760048906989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322912162913596032, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929760048906990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322912162913596032, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=5, endPage=10, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322912222464311625, articleId=1322912221998743880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Effects of Herbal Cake Separated Moxibustion on Methylation of SLAM and PVRL2 and Regulation of 4-1BB in Immunosuppressive Rats, columnId=1256183423710970242, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=New Opinion of Ph.D. Supervisor, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To observe the effectof herbal cake separatedmoxibustion on themethylation of ignaling lymphocytic activation molecule(SLAM)and poliovirus related receptor 2 gene(PVRL2)and the costimulatory molecule[tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 9(4-1BB)]in immunosuppressed rats.

Methods

Fifty SD ratswere random ly divided into blank group,immunosuppressivemodel group,herbal cake separated moxibustion group,fake cakemoxibustion group and Chinese herbalmedicine gavage group,with 10 rats in each group. The modelwasmade by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide,and the other groups except the blank group set up themodelwith the dose of 30 mg/kg for 3 days.“Shenque(RN8)”“Guanyuan(RN4)”“Zhongwan(RN12)”and“ Zusanli(ST36)(double)”were selected for intervention in the herbal cake separated moxibustion group and the fake cakemoxibustion group for 10 consecutive days. The Chinese herbalmedicine gavage group was given Liuwei Dihuang Decoction(六味地黄汤)suspension for 10 days. The number of white blood cells(WBC)in each group was detected by blood routine,and the contents of CD28,4-1BB,tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 9(4-1BBL)and interleukin-17(IL-17)in serum were detected by ELISA. The average fluorescence intensity of4-1BB and 4-1BBL in spleen tissue was detected by immunofluorescence. BSP method was used to detect SLAM and PVRL2.

Results

The blood routine results showed that compared with those of the blank group,the white blood cells in the model group were significantly reduced. ELISA results showed that compared with those of the blank group,the levels of CD28,4-1BB and IL-17 in the immunosuppressive model group were significantly increased. Compared with those of the immunosuppressivemodel group,the levels of CD28,4-1BB and IL-17 in the herbal cake separatedmoxibustion group were significantly decreased. The results of immunofluorescence showed that the average fluorescence intensity of 4-1BB and 4-1BBL in the mmunosuppressivemodel group was significantly higher than that in the blank group. Compared with those of the model group,the fluorescence intensities of 4-1BB and 4-1BBL in the herbal cake separated moxibustion group were significantly decreased. The methylation results showed that compared with those of the blank group,the methylation rates of SLAM and PVRL2 promoter regions in the mmunosuppressivemodel group were decreased. Compared with those of themodel group,themethylation rate of SLAM in the herbal cake separated moxibustion group increased,but the methylation rate of PVRL2 decreased.

Conclusion

Herbal cake separated moxibustion may improve the immunosuppressive state by regulating the methylation level of costimulatorymolecule 4-1BB and its ligand as well as SLAM,thereby significantly improving the immune function.

, authors=Yuefeng TIAN1, Luojie XIONG2, Huifang WANG1, Chuntao ZHAI1, Wei LI1, authorsList=Yuefeng TIAN, Luojie XIONG, Huifang WANG, Chuntao ZHAI, Wei LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322912226063024485, articleId=1322912221998743880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=隔药饼灸对免疫抑制大鼠SLAM、PVRL2甲基化及4-1BB调控的影响, columnId=1256183426563096985, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=博士导师新论, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

观察隔药饼灸干预对免疫抑制大鼠信号转导淋巴细胞激活分子(signaling lymphocytic activation molecule,SLAM)、脊髓灰质炎病毒相关受体2基因(poliovirus receptor-related 2,PVRL2)甲基化以及共刺激分子肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员9(tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9,TNFRSF9,又称4-1BB)的影响。

方法

50只SD大鼠随机分为空白组、免疫抑制模型组、隔药饼灸组、假药饼灸组、中药灌胃组,每组10只。采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺造模,以30 mg/kg剂量对除空白组外其余各组进行模型制备,持续3 d。隔药饼灸组与假药饼灸组均选择“神阙”“关元”“中脘”“足三里(双)”进行干预,连续10 d。中药灌胃组使用六味地黄汤悬浊液灌服,连续10 d。血常规检测各组白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)数量,ELISA法检测血清中CD28、4-1BB、肿瘤坏死因子配体超家族成员9(tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 9,TNFSF9,又称4-1BBL)及白细胞介素-17(interleukin 17,IL-17)含量;免疫荧光法检测脾组织中4-1BB及4-1BBL平均荧光强度;BSP法检测脾组织SLAM及PVRL2。

结果

血常规结果显示与空白组比较,免疫抑制模型组白细胞显著减少。ELISA结果显示与空白组比较,免疫抑制模型组CD28、4-1BB及IL-17水平均显著升高;与免疫抑制模型组比较,隔药饼灸组CD28、4-1BB及IL-17水平均显著降低。免疫荧光结果显示,与空白组比较,免疫抑制模型组4-1BB及4-1BBL平均荧光强度显著升高;与免疫抑制模型组比较,隔药饼灸组4-1BB及4-1BBL荧光强度均显著降低。甲基化结果显示,与空白组比较,免疫抑制模型组SLAM及PVRL2启动子区甲基化率均降低;与免疫抑制模型组比较,隔药饼灸组SLAM甲基化率升高,但PVRL2甲基化率降低。

结论

隔药饼灸可能通过调节共刺激分子4-1BB及其配体以及SLAM甲基化水平,改善免疫抑制状态,提高机体免疫功能。

, authors=田岳凤1, 熊罗节2, 王慧芳1, 翟春涛1, 李玮1, authorsList=田岳凤, 熊罗节, 王慧芳, 翟春涛, 李玮, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

田岳凤(1963-),女,山西五台人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:艾灸防治疾病效应机制。

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田岳凤(1963-),女,山西五台人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:艾灸防治疾病效应机制。

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田岳凤(1963-),女,山西五台人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:艾灸防治疾病效应机制。

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articleId=1322912221998743880, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各组大鼠血清中CD28、4-1BB、4-1BBL及IL-17含量比较(n=10,±s)

注:*与空白组比较,P<0.05;**与空白组比较,P<0.01;***与空白组比较,P<0.001;#与免疫抑制模型组比较,P<0.05;##与免疫抑制模型组比较,P<0.01;与免疫抑制模型组比较,P<0.001;%与隔药饼灸组比较,P<0.05;%%与隔药饼灸组比较,P<0.01;%%%与隔药饼灸组比较,P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=cPNo7yicrVcRe3YCQkeh2Q==, figureFileBig=4xr9FQBvEhiOMuEMTMFg9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322912615357358719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912221998743880, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=miX+wYjOq2NKTCzWWlLOKg==, figureFileBig=PpPVu2G1nDHwrCOeee7LrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322912616997331584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912221998743880, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组大鼠脾组织中4-1BB平均荧光强度(n=10,±s)

注:(A)各组免疫荧光结果,(B)各组4-1BB统计结果。其中**与空白组比较,P<0.01;***与空白组比较,P<0.001;与免疫抑制模型组比较,P<0.001;%%%与隔药饼灸组比较,P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=miX+wYjOq2NKTCzWWlLOKg==, figureFileBig=PpPVu2G1nDHwrCOeee7LrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322912617085411969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912221998743880, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=/wFiSNJKNFh6dPa4lxeouw==, figureFileBig=m4H/LmW5Pxj4Q+F7zAtRrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322912617173492354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912221998743880, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各组大鼠脾组织中4-1BBL平均荧光强度(n=10,±s)

注:(A)各组免疫荧光结果,(B)各组4-1BB统计结果。其中***与空白组比较,P<0.001;与免疫抑制模型组比较,P<0.001;%%与隔药饼灸组比较,P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=/wFiSNJKNFh6dPa4lxeouw==, figureFileBig=m4H/LmW5Pxj4Q+F7zAtRrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322912617261572739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912221998743880, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6mgkns6sGY7ZkvkRJz+s+A==, figureFileBig=TJP8uoWTwiTQqKCxeGNhog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322912617332875908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912221998743880, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各组大鼠脾组织中SLAM甲基化(n=3,±s)

注:(A)CpG岛预测结果,(B)各组SLAM启动子区甲基化结果,(C)各组统计结果。其中**与空白组比较,P<0.01;#与免疫抑制模型组比较,P<0.05。●甲基化CpG位点,○非甲基化CpG位点。

, figureFileSmall=6mgkns6sGY7ZkvkRJz+s+A==, figureFileBig=TJP8uoWTwiTQqKCxeGNhog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322912617399984773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912221998743880, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qkwzyskM+cxchJbKEmwNSg==, figureFileBig=UBjr1gkTBZ1ZseLOnC67pA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322912617475482246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912221998743880, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各组大鼠脾组织中PVRL2甲基化(n=3,±s)

注:(A)CpG岛预测结果,(B)各组PVRL2启动子区甲基化结果,(C)各组统计结果。其中*与空白组比较,P<0.05;**与空白组比较,P<0.01。●甲基化CpG位点,○非甲基化CpG位点。

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引物名称引物序列(5'-3')长度/(bp)GC含量/(%)碱基数
R-SLAM-BSP-FTTTAGGTGATAGGGAAAATTTAGTAGAT39728.628
R-SLAM-BSP-RAAATAAACTATAACTACTCCATTACCCA28.628
R-PVRL2-BSP-F1AAGTTTGGAAGGGGGTGTGAT44847.621
R-PVRL2-BSP-R1AACAAAAAATACCTAAAAACCACTCTC29.627
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BSP相关引物信息

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引物名称引物序列(5'-3')长度/(bp)GC含量/(%)碱基数
R-SLAM-BSP-FTTTAGGTGATAGGGAAAATTTAGTAGAT39728.628
R-SLAM-BSP-RAAATAAACTATAACTACTCCATTACCCA28.628
R-PVRL2-BSP-F1AAGTTTGGAAGGGGGTGTGAT44847.621
R-PVRL2-BSP-R1AACAAAAAATACCTAAAAACCACTCTC29.627
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组别nWBC/(109·L-1)NEU/(%)LYM/(%)MONO/(%)EOS/(%)BASO/(%)
空白组107.8±1.568.7±6.522.4±1.51.2±0.41.2±0.30.1±0.1
免疫抑制模型组102.0±0.53)75.8±90.023.3±7.53.4±1.41)0.7±0.70.1±0.1
隔药饼灸组104.4±1.13)5)86.2±2.42)10.1±4.73)6)2.8±2.50.6±0.41)0.1±0.1
假药饼灸组103.9±0.63)5)87.4±3.92)4)9.6±3.33)6)2.2±0.60.5±0.31)0.1±0.1
中药灌胃组104.6±1.03)6)78.1±14.56.4±1.13)6)3.4±1.71)1.0±0.40.1±0.1
F值21.1114.24116.9741.8042.1840.000
P值0.0000.0120.0000.1680.1081.000
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各组大鼠白细胞系水平比较(±s)

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组别nWBC/(109·L-1)NEU/(%)LYM/(%)MONO/(%)EOS/(%)BASO/(%)
空白组107.8±1.568.7±6.522.4±1.51.2±0.41.2±0.30.1±0.1
免疫抑制模型组102.0±0.53)75.8±90.023.3±7.53.4±1.41)0.7±0.70.1±0.1
隔药饼灸组104.4±1.13)5)86.2±2.42)10.1±4.73)6)2.8±2.50.6±0.41)0.1±0.1
假药饼灸组103.9±0.63)5)87.4±3.92)4)9.6±3.33)6)2.2±0.60.5±0.31)0.1±0.1
中药灌胃组104.6±1.03)6)78.1±14.56.4±1.13)6)3.4±1.71)1.0±0.40.1±0.1
F值21.1114.24116.9741.8042.1840.000
P值0.0000.0120.0000.1680.1081.000
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隔药饼灸对免疫抑制大鼠SLAM、PVRL2甲基化及4-1BB调控的影响
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田岳凤 1 , 熊罗节 2 , 王慧芳 1 , 翟春涛 1 , 李玮 1
中华中医药学刊 | 博士导师新论 2025,43(1): 5-10
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中华中医药学刊 |博士导师新论 2025 , 43 (1) : 5 -10
隔药饼灸对免疫抑制大鼠SLAM、PVRL2甲基化及4-1BB调控的影响
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田岳凤(1963-),女,山西五台人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:艾灸防治疾病效应机制。

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田岳凤(1963-),女,山西五台人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:艾灸防治疾病效应机制。

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田岳凤1, 熊罗节2, 王慧芳1, 翟春涛1, 李玮1
作者信息
  • 1.山西中医药大学第二临床学院,山西 晋中 030619
  • 2.湖南中医药大学针灸推拿与康复学院,湖南 长沙 410208
作者简介:

田岳凤(1963-),女,山西五台人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:艾灸防治疾病效应机制。

Effects of Herbal Cake Separated Moxibustion on Methylation of SLAM and PVRL2 and Regulation of 4-1BB in Immunosuppressive Rats
Yuefeng TIAN1, Luojie XIONG2, Huifang WANG1, Chuntao ZHAI1, Wei LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.The Second Clinical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China
  • 2.College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2025-01-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.002
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目的

观察隔药饼灸干预对免疫抑制大鼠信号转导淋巴细胞激活分子(signaling lymphocytic activation molecule,SLAM)、脊髓灰质炎病毒相关受体2基因(poliovirus receptor-related 2,PVRL2)甲基化以及共刺激分子肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员9(tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9,TNFRSF9,又称4-1BB)的影响。

方法

50只SD大鼠随机分为空白组、免疫抑制模型组、隔药饼灸组、假药饼灸组、中药灌胃组,每组10只。采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺造模,以30 mg/kg剂量对除空白组外其余各组进行模型制备,持续3 d。隔药饼灸组与假药饼灸组均选择“神阙”“关元”“中脘”“足三里(双)”进行干预,连续10 d。中药灌胃组使用六味地黄汤悬浊液灌服,连续10 d。血常规检测各组白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)数量,ELISA法检测血清中CD28、4-1BB、肿瘤坏死因子配体超家族成员9(tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 9,TNFSF9,又称4-1BBL)及白细胞介素-17(interleukin 17,IL-17)含量;免疫荧光法检测脾组织中4-1BB及4-1BBL平均荧光强度;BSP法检测脾组织SLAM及PVRL2。

结果

血常规结果显示与空白组比较,免疫抑制模型组白细胞显著减少。ELISA结果显示与空白组比较,免疫抑制模型组CD28、4-1BB及IL-17水平均显著升高;与免疫抑制模型组比较,隔药饼灸组CD28、4-1BB及IL-17水平均显著降低。免疫荧光结果显示,与空白组比较,免疫抑制模型组4-1BB及4-1BBL平均荧光强度显著升高;与免疫抑制模型组比较,隔药饼灸组4-1BB及4-1BBL荧光强度均显著降低。甲基化结果显示,与空白组比较,免疫抑制模型组SLAM及PVRL2启动子区甲基化率均降低;与免疫抑制模型组比较,隔药饼灸组SLAM甲基化率升高,但PVRL2甲基化率降低。

结论

隔药饼灸可能通过调节共刺激分子4-1BB及其配体以及SLAM甲基化水平,改善免疫抑制状态,提高机体免疫功能。

隔药饼灸  /  免疫抑制  /  环磷酰胺  /  肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员9  /  信号转导淋巴细胞激活分子  /  脊髓灰质炎病毒相关受体2基因
Objective

To observe the effectof herbal cake separatedmoxibustion on themethylation of ignaling lymphocytic activation molecule(SLAM)and poliovirus related receptor 2 gene(PVRL2)and the costimulatory molecule[tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 9(4-1BB)]in immunosuppressed rats.

Methods

Fifty SD ratswere random ly divided into blank group,immunosuppressivemodel group,herbal cake separated moxibustion group,fake cakemoxibustion group and Chinese herbalmedicine gavage group,with 10 rats in each group. The modelwasmade by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide,and the other groups except the blank group set up themodelwith the dose of 30 mg/kg for 3 days.“Shenque(RN8)”“Guanyuan(RN4)”“Zhongwan(RN12)”and“ Zusanli(ST36)(double)”were selected for intervention in the herbal cake separated moxibustion group and the fake cakemoxibustion group for 10 consecutive days. The Chinese herbalmedicine gavage group was given Liuwei Dihuang Decoction(六味地黄汤)suspension for 10 days. The number of white blood cells(WBC)in each group was detected by blood routine,and the contents of CD28,4-1BB,tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 9(4-1BBL)and interleukin-17(IL-17)in serum were detected by ELISA. The average fluorescence intensity of4-1BB and 4-1BBL in spleen tissue was detected by immunofluorescence. BSP method was used to detect SLAM and PVRL2.

Results

The blood routine results showed that compared with those of the blank group,the white blood cells in the model group were significantly reduced. ELISA results showed that compared with those of the blank group,the levels of CD28,4-1BB and IL-17 in the immunosuppressive model group were significantly increased. Compared with those of the immunosuppressivemodel group,the levels of CD28,4-1BB and IL-17 in the herbal cake separatedmoxibustion group were significantly decreased. The results of immunofluorescence showed that the average fluorescence intensity of 4-1BB and 4-1BBL in the mmunosuppressivemodel group was significantly higher than that in the blank group. Compared with those of the model group,the fluorescence intensities of 4-1BB and 4-1BBL in the herbal cake separated moxibustion group were significantly decreased. The methylation results showed that compared with those of the blank group,the methylation rates of SLAM and PVRL2 promoter regions in the mmunosuppressivemodel group were decreased. Compared with those of themodel group,themethylation rate of SLAM in the herbal cake separated moxibustion group increased,but the methylation rate of PVRL2 decreased.

Conclusion

Herbal cake separated moxibustion may improve the immunosuppressive state by regulating the methylation level of costimulatorymolecule 4-1BB and its ligand as well as SLAM,thereby significantly improving the immune function.

herbal cake separated moxibustion  /  immunosuppression  /  cyclophosphamide  /  4-1BB  /  SLAM  /  PVRL2
田岳凤, 熊罗节, 王慧芳, 翟春涛, 李玮. 隔药饼灸对免疫抑制大鼠SLAM、PVRL2甲基化及4-1BB调控的影响. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (1) : 5 -10 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.002
Yuefeng TIAN, Luojie XIONG, Huifang WANG, Chuntao ZHAI, Wei LI. Effects of Herbal Cake Separated Moxibustion on Methylation of SLAM and PVRL2 and Regulation of 4-1BB in Immunosuppressive Rats[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (1) : 5 -10 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.002
免疫系统作为人体抵御外邪的屏障之一,其稳态与人体健康状况密不可分,一旦出现免疫失调的情况,就会引起诸多与免疫相关的疾病,如类风湿性关节炎[1-2]、肿瘤[3]等。中医典籍文献中早有对免疫的定义,《免疫类方》中记载:“免除疫疠”,古代医家已认识到免疫的重要性,及其与疾病之间的关联。中医在长期实践过程中也证实了针灸对免疫的有效作用,能起到扶正祛邪、调和阴阳之效,基础研究[4]表明,针灸治疗能发挥镇痛抗炎[5-6]、抵抗应激[7-8]等协同效应,从而调达经络,强健体魄。
《本草纲目》曰:“灸之则透诸经而治百种病邪,起沉疴之人为康泰,其功亦大矣”,隔药饼灸作为艾灸特色疗法之一,能扶正祛邪,有效增强免疫力[9]。本课题组前期研究[10-12]表明,隔药饼灸能拮抗环磷酰胺的免疫抑制作用,提升免疫球蛋白水平,调控免疫共抑制分子程序性死亡受体-1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)和T细胞免疫球蛋白和黏蛋白域蛋白4(T cell immunoglobulin andmucin domain protein 4,Tim-4)的水平。但是既往中医药研究多集中在共抑制分子上,对于激活淋巴细胞的共刺激分子的研究较少。因此,本实验针对隔药饼灸对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制模型大鼠免疫功能进行研究,进一步研究隔药饼灸对免疫抑制动物共刺激分子肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员9(tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9,TNFRSF9,又称4-1BB)的调控以及如何影响信号转导淋巴细胞激活分子(signaling lymphocytic activation molecule,SLAM)及脊髓灰质炎病毒相关受体2基因(poliovirus receptor-related 2,PVRL2)甲基化的机制[13-14]。
50只SPF级SD大鼠,雌雄各半,体质量(218±13)g,购自斯贝福(北京)生物技术有限公司,实验动物许可证号:SCXK(京)2019-0010。按随机数字表分笼后饲养于山西中医药大学实验动物中心SPF级动物实验室,温度控制20~25℃,湿度控制30%~50%。本研究各阶段对动物的处理均严格遵循我国科学技术部2006年发布的《关于善待实验动物的指导性意见》[15],并获得山西中医药大学动物伦理委员会批准(伦理编号:2021DW036)。
六味地黄组方药粉:山药、熟地黄、山茱萸肉、泽泻、牡丹皮、茯苓,组方所需药物均购于山西中医药大学附属医院。组方药物打碎成粉后过120目筛,并采用1∶1比例将药粉与赋形剂混匀后调和成泥,使用规格相同的模具,制备底径约0.8 cm,高0.2 cm,质量为(0.12±0.03)g的药饼,表面刺5个小孔备用。假药饼仅使用赋形剂,采用与隔药饼灸相同方法制备同样规格药饼。
艾绒由北京同仁堂中药饮片有限责任公司提供,批号:180826。采用统一规格模具制备艾炷,约为底径0.5 cm、高0.7 cm的圆锥形,质量(0.052±0.015)g,备用。
仪器:酶标仪(型号:SM600,上海永创医疗器械有限公司);生物显微镜(型号:CX41,中国奥林巴斯有限公司);超净工作台(型号:SW-CJ-1FD,苏净安泰公司);恒温箱(型号:MIR-262,日本三洋公司);全自动血细胞分析仪(型号:F580,中国迈克生物股份有限公司);PCR仪(型号:东胜龙ETC811,北京东胜创新生物科技有限公司)。
试剂:注射用环磷酰胺(批号:22011925,江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司);艾绒(批号:180826,北京同仁堂中药饮片有限责任公司);氨基甲酸乙酯(批号:18221559910,阜阳曼林生物技术有限公司);大鼠白细胞介素-17(interleukin 17,IL-17)(批号:220988R)、CD28(批号:220909R)、4-1BB(批号:220921R)、肿瘤坏死因子配体超家族成员9(tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 9,TNFSF9,又称4-1BBL)(批号:20221120)ELISA试剂盒,均来自江苏酶免实业有限公司;4-1BB一抗(货号:A008676-2)、4-1BBL一抗(货号:BA3395)、羊抗兔二抗(货号:BA1054)、抗体稀释液(货号:AR1016)、PBS漂洗液(货号:AR0030),均来自BOSTER公司;组织基因组DNA提取试剂盒(货号:G3633,武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司);Methylation-Gold Kit(货号:D5005,美国ZYMO RESEARCH生物科技公司);无水乙醇(货号:10009218)、异丙醇(货号:80109218)均来自国药(上海)国际医药卫生有限公司。
实验对象称重后适应性喂养7 d,随机分为空白组、免疫抑制模型组、隔药饼灸组、假药饼灸组、中药灌胃组,每组10只。参照文献[16-17]进行免疫抑制模型制备,通过观察免疫功能低下状态以及动物死亡情况,每瓶环磷酰胺0.2 g粉末加入10mL生理盐水配成20mg/mL的溶液,随后按照40mg/kg剂量,连续3 d腹腔注射制备免疫抑制模型,空白组每日腹腔注射等量生理盐水。干预结束后腹主动脉采血,行血常规检测,以白细胞在1.5×109~2.9×109 L-1作为造模成功标准[18]。
造模后次日进行干预,选取“神阙”“关元”“中脘”“足三里(双)”施灸。穴位定位参照《实验针灸学》[19]中动物穴位定位图谱、《实验动物常用穴位名称与定位第2部分:大鼠》以及拟人比照法[20]。“神阙”位于脐正中央,剑突与耻骨联合上缘的连线下三等分点[21];“关元”穴位于脐下约25 mm,第4对乳头连线与前正中线交点下2分处[22];中脘位于脐上约20 mm,脐与剑突连线取中点;足三里位于膝关节后外侧,腓骨小头下约5 mm处,左右各一穴。
隔药饼灸组:选用制备好的艾炷及药饼,放置于上述穴位施灸,每穴灸5壮,燃尽更换,每日灸,连灸10 d。假药饼灸组操作同隔药饼灸组,仅将药饼置换为面粉为主制作的假药饼。
中药灌胃组选取六味地黄组方悬浊液灌胃治疗,浓度约为0.81 g/kg,1次/d,连续10 d。
干预后次日进行取材,首先将20%氨基甲酸乙酯溶液按200 mg/kg剂量对大鼠进行腹腔注射麻醉,后迅速腹主动脉取血2 mL于含促凝剂的真空管内,静置10 min后离心15 min,取其上清,部分放置于4℃待测,部分保存于-20℃待测。另取2 mL于EDTA抗凝管中,混匀后冰上保存,待后续血常规检测。迅速摘取脾脏组织,生理盐水清洗至无血迹,滤纸吸干水分后将脾脏二等分,左段1/2保存于4%多聚甲醛溶液内固定,用于免疫荧光及HE检测;右段1/2液氮速冻后置于-80℃保存,用于甲基化检测。
(1)白细胞系列检测:血细胞分析仪检测外周血白细胞含量:包括白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)、中性粒细胞百分比(neutrophil percentage,NEU)、淋巴细胞百分比(lymphocyte percentage,LYM)、单核细胞百分比(monocyte percentage,MONO)、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比(eosinophil percentage,EOS)、嗜碱性粒细胞百分比(basophil percentage,BASO)。
(2)ELISA法检测血清CD28、4-1BB、4-1BBL及IL-17含量:将-20℃内保存血清样品取出,按试剂盒说明进行依次操作。对酶标仪在450 nm波长时各孔内的吸光度(OD)值进行记录,并以此绘制标准曲线,计算血清IL-17、CD28、4-1BB及4-1BBL含量。
(3)免疫荧光法检测4-1BB及4-1BBL在脾组织中平均荧光强度:取在4%多聚甲醛中的脾组织,固定脱水后切片,分别于不同组加入4-1BB(1∶100),或4-1BBL(1∶100)一抗,4℃孵育过夜,PBS溶液洗涤3次后,加入FITC标记的荧光二抗(1∶100),避光室温孵育1 h,PBS再次冲洗3次,随后加入DAPI染液,室温避光孵育10 min,PBS再次冲洗3次,加入自发荧光淬灭剂,孵育5 min,流水冲洗10 min,最后加入抗荧光淬灭封片剂封片。采用Image J软件分析4-1BB及4-1BBL的平均荧光强度。其中荧光显微镜下:DAPI细胞核为蓝色,4-1BB及4-1BBL目的蛋白均为绿色。
(4)亚硫酸氢盐处理后测序(Bisulfite Sequencing PCR,BSP)检测脾组织中SLAM及PVRL2甲基化水平:分别取20 μL基因组DNA及130 μL CT转换试剂混匀,提取DNA,利用Zymo甲基化试剂盒分别检测SLAM及PVRL2的DNA浓度,随后用PCR纯化试剂盒纯化,随后对目的基因DNA进行重亚硫酸盐处理,PCR扩增后检测目的基因,再选取相应数量克隆子送至武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司进行基因测序,BIQ Analyzer软件进行结果分析。详见表1。
实验结果采用SPSS 24.0统计软件进行分析。全部实验结果均进行方差齐性检验,将满足正态分布的计量资料采用±s表示,不满足正态分布条件的结果采用非参数检验分析。所有满足正态分布的数据均采用单因素方差(One way-ANOVA)分析,事后比较中,则采用最小显著差异t(LSD-t)检验,并将双侧α=0.05,P<0.05作为差异存在统计学意义的判定标准。
所有组治疗结束后血常规结果显示,与空白组比较,免疫抑制模型组白细胞显著减少(P<0.001),提示免疫抑制模型制备成功,同时单核细胞百分比降低(P=0.037);与免疫抑制模型组比较,隔药饼灸组白细胞含量显著升高(P=0.002),淋巴细胞百分比含量降低(P<0.001),假药饼灸组与中药灌胃组白细胞含量也显著升高(P=0.007,P=0.001),同时淋巴细胞百分比含量均显著降低(均P<0.001)。详见表2。
ELISA检测结果显示,在CD28中,与空白组比较,其余4组含量均显著增多(P<0.001,P=0.009,P<0.001,P=0.023);与免疫抑制模型组比较,3组治疗组含量均显著降低(P<0.001,P=0.024,P<0.001);与隔药饼灸组比较,假药饼灸组含量升高(P=0.012)。
4-1BB中,与空白组比较,除隔药饼灸组外,其余3组含量均显著增多(均P<0.001);与免疫抑制模型组比较,隔药饼灸组含量显著降低(P<0.001),中药灌胃组含量减少(P=0.031);与隔药饼灸组比较,假药饼灸组及中药灌胃组含量均增多(P<0.001,P=0.005)。
4-1BBL中,与空白组比较,仅有假药饼灸组含量增多(P=0.023);与免疫抑制模型组比较,仅假药饼灸组含量增多(P=0.013);与隔药饼灸组比较,假药饼灸组及中药灌胃组含量均增多(P=0.005,P=0.049)。
IL-17中,与空白组比较,其余4组含量均显著增多(P<0.001,P=0.022,P<0.001,P<0.001);与免疫抑制模型组比较,隔药饼灸组含量显著降低(P<0.001),中药灌胃组含量减少(P=0.007);与隔药饼灸组比较,假药饼灸组含量增多(P=0.003)。详见插页Ⅰ图1。
免疫荧光结果显示,在4-1BB中,与空白组比较,除隔药饼灸组外,其余3组平均荧光强度均增强(P<0.001,P<0.001,P=0.006);与免疫抑制模型组比较,隔药饼灸组及中药灌胃组平均荧光强度显著减弱(均P<0.001);与隔药饼灸组比较,假药饼灸组平均荧光强度增强(P<0.001)。详见插页Ⅱ图2。
在4-1BBL中,与空白组比较,其余4组平均荧光强度均显著增强(均P<0.001);与免疫抑制模型组比较,隔药饼灸组及中药灌胃组平均荧光强度均显著减弱(均P<0.001);与隔药饼灸组比较,假药饼灸组平均荧光强度显著增强(P=0.001)。详见插页Ⅲ图3。
甲基化BSP法检测结果显示,在SLAM基因中,与空白组比较,免疫抑制模型组与中药灌胃组甲基化率降低明显(P=0.019,P=0.007),与免疫抑制模型组比较,隔药饼灸组甲基化率增高明显(P=0.004),与隔药饼灸组比较,中药灌胃组甲基化率降低明显(P=0.002)。详见插页Ⅳ图4。
在PVRL2基因中,与空白组比较,其余4组甲基化率均不同程度降低(P=0.030,P=0.004,P=0.021,P=0.044)。详见插页Ⅴ图5。
隔药饼灸是结合灸温、药物及穴位三方面作用的一种综合疗法,能借助艾灸温热刺激,促进药物透皮吸收,直达穴位深处,从而影响经络循行[23]。艾灸具有温补温养温通、扶正祛邪之功,可刺激免疫调节因子正向表达,有效调节机体免疫[24]。
《扁鹊心书·须识扶阳》记载:“人于无病时,常灸关元、气海、命门、中脘,虽未得长生,亦可保百余年寿矣”。足三里穴具有抗炎及双向调节免疫的功能[25],中脘穴能强健中焦、补养元气[26]。因此本研究选定神阙、关元、足三里及中脘补益要穴。同时本研究取《小儿药证直诀》中的六味地黄组方作为药饼材料,方中六味合用、诸药并行,起到温阳补中之效。课题组前期研究证实[10-11,18,27],“药-穴-灸”三者合用能够有效改善免疫抑制状态,恢复免疫功能。同时假药饼灸组的设置能够对比药饼因素在隔药饼灸治疗中的差异性调节。因此,本研究选取六味地黄组方配合上述穴位进行隔药饼灸,更好地发挥“艾灸-穴位-药物”三合一作用,达到增强机体免疫的功效。
环磷酰胺作为烷化剂类抗肿瘤药物,临床常用于治疗乳腺癌[28]等恶性肿瘤与类风湿性关节炎[29]、肾小球肾炎[30]等自体免疫性疾病,能诱导免疫抑制的发生,抑制细胞与体液免疫,并造成DNA结构损伤,因此常被应用于构建卵巢早衰[31-32]、再生障碍性贫血[33-34]等多种免疫抑制相关疾病模型。本研究采用环磷酰胺制备免疫抑制模型,在实际用量及观察中发现白细胞显著降低,与崔瑾等人的结果相似[18],确定免疫抑制模型构建成功。
脾脏作为体内最大的免疫器官,中医学中也有“脾主运化”的概念,因此本研究选择脾脏组织来对4-1BB以及SLAM、PVRL2作为切入点,探索隔药饼灸对免疫的调控机制。4-1BB是TNF受体超家族的成员,也是一类共刺激分子,主要促进T细胞的增殖,从而加速免疫反应。4-1BB其主要配体为4-1BBL,通过与4-1BB结合,由核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)等炎症途径诱导Bcl-2等表达,并且能拮抗促凋亡的Bim基因的表达,能够促进T细胞的增殖,并且保护T细胞,以免被诱导死亡[35-36]。在临床研究中发现,4-1BB能够参与多种自身免疫系统疾病的进展,通过阻断4-1BB的表达或者利用基因敲除等方法,能够使疾病的严重程度有不同程度地缓解[37]。在目前的肿瘤研究中,采用4-1BB激动剂与共抑制分子(PD-1或CTLA-4)的抑制剂联合使用,能够有效抑制肿瘤的进程,并且毒性不强[38]。本研究结果显示,环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制模型组4-1BB及4-1BBL表达量远高于空白组,但是整体表达量不多,所以荧光强度一般,与目前4-1BB在静息CD4+或CD8+ T细胞上不表达,但在受抗原刺激激活T细胞时而上调的认识一致[39]。
同时,共刺激分子CD28与4-1BB趋势一致,也说明在免疫抑制情况下,T细胞被大量地激活。但是不同治疗组之间,对于拮抗4-1BB激活的调节并不相同,由血清结果(插页Ⅰ图1)可以发现,隔药饼灸组与中药灌胃组对于调节4-1BB、4-1BBL以及CD28效果均要好于假药饼灸组,并且在4-1BB中,隔药饼灸效果最好。但是在4-1BBL中,免疫抑制模型组与空白组并无太大的差别,结合免疫荧光结果(插页Ⅲ图3)可知,4-1BB主要表达在活化的T细胞上,而4-1BBL则主要表达在抗原提呈细胞如树突状细胞上成熟时表达较高。组织激活但血清水平不同的原因可能是两者表达细胞类型不同或功能动态不同。
KWAJAH M M S等的研究表明,通过注射4-1BB激动剂,能够激活树突状细胞表达4-1BBL,进而在T细胞的激活中发挥作用,由4-1BB与树突状细胞表面的4-1BBL结合后在诱导T细胞增殖方面比经典树突状细胞激活途径更有效。主要通过抑制Treg细胞的发育,诱导T细胞IL-17等[40]。因此,除了CD4+、CD8+ T细胞之外,树突状细胞的4-1BB激活途径也被证明能够调节免疫水平。IL-17来源于辅助性T细胞(Th)的一个亚群,是一类细胞因子,可以通过激活T细胞、B细胞等激活,进而增强免疫反应。OSORIO F等的研究表明,DC细胞可以通过表达IL-17家族细胞因子促进Th17细胞的分化和活化,从而促进IL-17的产生[41]。IL-17的结果(插页Ⅰ图1)显示,IL-17的表达趋势与4-1BB相似,由IL-17与树突状细胞的紧密关系,推测隔药饼灸能够促进4-1BB与树突状细胞表面的4-1BBL结合,从而在免疫抑制环境中促进T细胞的激活[42]。
甲基化是一种重要的表观遗传学调控方式,DNA甲基化多指在CpG位点添加甲基基团(CH3)的过程,主要参与基因沉默、肿瘤抑制基因失活等过程。
SLAM家族基因编码一组免疫细胞表面的共刺激受体蛋白。SLAM受体在T细胞和B细胞表面高表达,提供共刺激信号。近年的研究证实NK细胞表面上的PD-1不是内源性表达的,而是以SLAM受体依赖的方式完全从细胞中获得的[43]。同时研究表明SLAM受体的亚基SAP可以通过SH2结构域与4-1BB受体胞内段结合[44]。本研究结果显示(插页Ⅳ图4),免疫抑制模型组相较于空白组,SLAM基因发生去甲基化现象,去甲基化减少了对基因的抑制作用,可以上调SLAM蛋白的表达。因此可能通过促进免疫细胞的识别、活化和增殖来增强免疫应答,激活SLAM基因的转录表达。之后经隔药饼灸治疗后,甲基化率又有显著增高,可能为了降低免疫细胞的过度增殖而启动的刹车措施,以降低自身免疫反应。因此我们推测SLAM基因和4-1BB基因通过编码互作的受体参与免疫细胞的共刺激、活化和功能调节,两者的协同作用可用于增强T细胞的疗效。假药饼灸呈现的趋势与隔药饼灸类似,但是甲基化率与免疫抑制模型组无差别,说明在隔药饼灸治疗中,除了温度治疗外,药物在该治疗中也扮演了重要的角色。另外,中药灌胃的结果显示,六味地黄汤并不会直接作用于SLAM基因影响其甲基化,而隔药饼灸可以通过影响SLAM甲基化,抑制该基因的表达,结合脾脏组织4-1BB及4-1BBL的结果可以推测,中药灌胃和隔药饼灸调节虽然均能调节免疫抑制状态,但是途径却不相同。
Nectin2家族是由激活受体CD226及其主要的负调控对应T细胞免疫受体(T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains,TIGIT)组成。Nectin家族的配体包括了CD155和PVRL2(poliovirus receptor-related 2,即nectin-2)。在免疫调节中,能够介导T细胞和树突状细胞之间的黏附互动,参与T细胞的激活,并且可以通过与CCR7化学因子受体协同作用,促进树突状细胞和T细胞的趋化运动[45]。课题组前期研究也发现隔药饼灸能够减少TIGIT的表达[27],本研究结果(插页Ⅴ图5)表明,与空白组比较,其余各组PVRL2均发生了去甲基化现象,表明PVRL2可能促进了T细胞的激活。因为PVRL2与共抑制分子TIGIT结合紧密,但是4-1BB与PVRL2之间未见明显的调控联系,另外中药灌胃组甲基化检测的结果显示,灌服六味地黄汤调节免疫抑制并非通过SLAM及PVRL2基因,因此可能存在其他调控机制,有待进一步的研究。
综上可知,本研究在前期隔药饼灸能够有效提高机体免疫力的基础上,进一步对隔药饼灸调节免疫的机制进行探索,发现隔药饼灸能通过共刺激分子4-1BB,调节SLAM的甲基化水平,进而刺激T细胞激活,实现免疫功能提高的目的。这可能是隔药饼灸干预免疫抑制机制的途径之一。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82174504; 81674062)
  • 山西中医药大学基础研究项目(ZJJC2022005)
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.002
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-01-10
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国家自然科学基金项目(82174504; 81674062)
山西中医药大学基础研究项目(ZJJC2022005)
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    1.山西中医药大学第二临床学院,山西 晋中 030619
    2.湖南中医药大学针灸推拿与康复学院,湖南 长沙 410208
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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