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Article(id=1319291462370571220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1319291312826863771, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2026.08.034, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792473195878, onlineDateStr=2026-10-20, pubDate=1786291200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792473195878, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792473195878, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792473195878, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319291312826863771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2026', volume='44', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786291200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792473160225, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792473382588, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1319292245547799195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1319291312826863771, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1319292245652656796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1319291312826863771, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=164, endPage=169, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319291463985378261, articleId=1319291462370571220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Acute Toxicity and Pharmacodynamics of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and Its Concocted Products, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Pharmacotoxicological and pharmacodynamic studies on Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and its different concoctions.

Methods

The acute toxicity test was conducted in C57BL/J mice to determine the LD50of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and different concoctions to determine the safe dose range, and at the same time, the toxicity effects were evaluated from various perspectives, such as general physiological state, blood biochemical indexes and histomorphological changes of important organs. The rat model of foot and metatarsal inflammation induced by the injection of carrageenan gum was prepared, and its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were compared with those of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and different concoctions. It measured the mechanical pain threshold, plantar swelling and the serum levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to compare the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.

Results

The LD50value of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) was increased after concoction, and the safety window became larger. The results of blood biochemical indices showed that after the administration of different concoctions of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix), the liver enzyme indices [the levels of alanine ami notransferase (ALT), glutathione aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzymes (CKMB) and total protein (TP)] in the blood of mice were elevated. Compared with that of the raw Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) group, the toxicity was reduced in the low dose Hezi (Chebulae Fructus)-processed Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) group and processed Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia group, but the toxicity was still present in the high dose group. The toxic effects of different concoctions of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) on the lungs, kidneys, heart, testes and ovaries were obvious. Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and its concoctions significantly increased the mechanical pain threshold and decreased the degree of foot swelling induced by carrageenan as well as the levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α when compared with the carrageenan model group.

Conclusion

The processed Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) was verified through acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory analgesic efficacy experiments, confirming the theory that processing reduces the toxicity while preserving the efficacy. The results effectively mitigated the toxicity of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and significantly improved the carrageenan-induced rat paw swelling inflammation model. The processed Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) achieved the desired effect of reducing the toxicity while preserving the efficacy.

, authors=Yukun WANG1, Ya GAO2, Rile ENI1, Gumule WURI1, Yunlu LIU2, Lin SONG4, Ya TU2, 3, authorsList=Yukun WANG, Ya GAO, Rile ENI, Gumule WURI, Yunlu LIU, Lin SONG, Ya TU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ya TU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319291464278979542, articleId=1319291462370571220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=草乌及其炮制品的急性毒性及药效学实验研究, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

对草乌及其不同炮制品进行药理毒理及药效学研究。

方法

通过C57BL/J小鼠的急性毒性实验，测定草乌及不同炮制品的半数致死剂量（LD50），以确定其安全剂量范围，同时，从一般生理状态、血液生化指标以及重要脏器的组织形态学变化等多个角度综合评价毒性效应；通过注射角叉菜胶诱发足跖炎症制备大鼠模型，测量机械痛阈、足跖肿胀度以及血清中炎症因子白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6，IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor，TNF-α）水平等指标，比较其抗炎镇痛活性。

结果

炮制后的草乌LD50值升高，安全窗变大。血生化指标结果显示，草乌不同炮制品给药后，小鼠血液中的肝酶指标：丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine ami notransferase，ALT）、谷胱甘肽氨基转移酶（glutathione aminotransferase，AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase，LDH）和心功能指标肌酸激酶（creatine kinase，CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（creatine kinase isoenzymes，CKMB）、血清总蛋白（total Protein，TP）含量升高，与生草乌组相比，低剂量组诃子制草乌和《中华人民共和国药典》制草乌组的毒性降低，但高剂量组仍存在毒性；草乌不同炮制品对肺脏、肾脏、心脏、睾丸和卵巢的毒性作用明显；与角叉菜胶模型组比较，草乌及其炮制品可显著提高机械痛阈，降低角叉菜胶诱导的足肿胀程度及炎症因子IL-6和TNF-α水平。

结论

通过急性毒性及抗炎镇痛药效实验验证了草乌炮制减毒存效理论，有效减轻草乌毒性且对角叉菜胶所致大鼠足肿胀炎症模型具有显著改善作用，炮制后的草乌可达到减毒存效的效果。

, authors=王钰锟1, 高雅2, 额尼日勒1, 乌日古木乐1, 刘云璐2, 松林4, 图雅2, 3, authorsList=王钰锟, 高雅, 额尼日勒, 乌日古木乐, 刘云璐, 松林, 图雅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=图雅, authorNote=

王钰锟（2000-），女，山东烟台人，硕士在读，研究方向：民族药物的基础与应用。

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图雅（1966-），女（蒙古族），内蒙古赤峰人，教授，博士研究生导师，研究方向：民族药物的基础与应用。E-mail：。
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王钰锟（2000-），女，山东烟台人，硕士在读，研究方向：民族药物的基础与应用。

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王钰锟（2000-），女，山东烟台人，硕士在读，研究方向：民族药物的基础与应用。

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草乌及其炮制品的急性毒性及药效学实验研究
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王钰锟 1 , 高雅 2 , 额尼日勒 1 , 乌日古木乐 1 , 刘云璐 2 , 松林 4 , 图雅 2, 3
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2026,44(8): 164-169
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2026 , 44 (8) : 164 -169
草乌及其炮制品的急性毒性及药效学实验研究
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王钰锟（2000-），女，山东烟台人，硕士在读，研究方向：民族药物的基础与应用。

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王钰锟1, 高雅2, 额尼日勒1, 乌日古木乐1, 刘云璐2, 松林4, 图雅2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古民族大学蒙医药学院，内蒙古　通辽　028000
  • 2.中国中医科学院医学实验中心，北京　100700
  • 3.中国中医科学院中医药研究发展中心，北京　100700
  • 4.内蒙古医科大学蒙医药学院，内蒙古　呼和浩特　010110
通讯作者:
图雅（1966-），女（蒙古族），内蒙古赤峰人，教授，博士研究生导师，研究方向：民族药物的基础与应用。E-mail：。
作者简介:

王钰锟（2000-），女，山东烟台人，硕士在读，研究方向：民族药物的基础与应用。

Experimental Study on Acute Toxicity and Pharmacodynamics of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and Its Concocted Products
Yukun WANG1, Ya GAO2, Rile ENI1, Gumule WURI1, Yunlu LIU2, Lin SONG4, Ya TU2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia, China
  • 2.Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
  • 3.The Development of Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
  • 4.Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China
出版时间: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2026.08.034
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摘要
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目的

对草乌及其不同炮制品进行药理毒理及药效学研究。

方法

通过C57BL/J小鼠的急性毒性实验，测定草乌及不同炮制品的半数致死剂量（LD50），以确定其安全剂量范围，同时，从一般生理状态、血液生化指标以及重要脏器的组织形态学变化等多个角度综合评价毒性效应；通过注射角叉菜胶诱发足跖炎症制备大鼠模型，测量机械痛阈、足跖肿胀度以及血清中炎症因子白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6，IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor，TNF-α）水平等指标，比较其抗炎镇痛活性。

结果

炮制后的草乌LD50值升高，安全窗变大。血生化指标结果显示，草乌不同炮制品给药后，小鼠血液中的肝酶指标：丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine ami notransferase，ALT）、谷胱甘肽氨基转移酶（glutathione aminotransferase，AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase，LDH）和心功能指标肌酸激酶（creatine kinase，CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（creatine kinase isoenzymes，CKMB）、血清总蛋白（total Protein，TP）含量升高，与生草乌组相比，低剂量组诃子制草乌和《中华人民共和国药典》制草乌组的毒性降低，但高剂量组仍存在毒性；草乌不同炮制品对肺脏、肾脏、心脏、睾丸和卵巢的毒性作用明显；与角叉菜胶模型组比较，草乌及其炮制品可显著提高机械痛阈，降低角叉菜胶诱导的足肿胀程度及炎症因子IL-6和TNF-α水平。

结论

通过急性毒性及抗炎镇痛药效实验验证了草乌炮制减毒存效理论，有效减轻草乌毒性且对角叉菜胶所致大鼠足肿胀炎症模型具有显著改善作用，炮制后的草乌可达到减毒存效的效果。

草乌  /  蒙药  /  中药炮制  /  毒理  /  药效学
Objective

Pharmacotoxicological and pharmacodynamic studies on Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and its different concoctions.

Methods

The acute toxicity test was conducted in C57BL/J mice to determine the LD50of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and different concoctions to determine the safe dose range, and at the same time, the toxicity effects were evaluated from various perspectives, such as general physiological state, blood biochemical indexes and histomorphological changes of important organs. The rat model of foot and metatarsal inflammation induced by the injection of carrageenan gum was prepared, and its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were compared with those of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and different concoctions. It measured the mechanical pain threshold, plantar swelling and the serum levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to compare the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.

Results

The LD50value of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) was increased after concoction, and the safety window became larger. The results of blood biochemical indices showed that after the administration of different concoctions of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix), the liver enzyme indices [the levels of alanine ami notransferase (ALT), glutathione aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzymes (CKMB) and total protein (TP)] in the blood of mice were elevated. Compared with that of the raw Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) group, the toxicity was reduced in the low dose Hezi (Chebulae Fructus)-processed Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) group and processed Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia group, but the toxicity was still present in the high dose group. The toxic effects of different concoctions of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) on the lungs, kidneys, heart, testes and ovaries were obvious. Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and its concoctions significantly increased the mechanical pain threshold and decreased the degree of foot swelling induced by carrageenan as well as the levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α when compared with the carrageenan model group.

Conclusion

The processed Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) was verified through acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory analgesic efficacy experiments, confirming the theory that processing reduces the toxicity while preserving the efficacy. The results effectively mitigated the toxicity of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and significantly improved the carrageenan-induced rat paw swelling inflammation model. The processed Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) achieved the desired effect of reducing the toxicity while preserving the efficacy.

Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix)  /  Mongolian medicine  /  Chinese herbal medicine processing  /  toxicology  /  pharmacodynamics
王钰锟, 高雅, 额尼日勒, 乌日古木乐, 刘云璐, 松林, 图雅. 草乌及其炮制品的急性毒性及药效学实验研究. 中华中医药学刊, 2026 , 44 (8) : 164 -169 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2026.08.034
Yukun WANG, Ya GAO, Rile ENI, Gumule WURI, Yunlu LIU, Lin SONG, Ya TU. Experimental Study on Acute Toxicity and Pharmacodynamics of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and Its Concocted Products[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2026 , 44 (8) : 164 -169 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2026.08.034
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82360848)
  • 中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A04209)
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2026年第44卷第8期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2026.08.034
  • 首发时间：2026-10-20
  • 出版时间：2026-08-10
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国家自然科学基金项目(82360848)
中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A04209)
作者信息
    1.内蒙古民族大学蒙医药学院，内蒙古　通辽　028000
    2.中国中医科学院医学实验中心，北京　100700
    3.中国中医科学院中医药研究发展中心，北京　100700
    4.内蒙古医科大学蒙医药学院，内蒙古　呼和浩特　010110

通讯作者:

图雅（1966-），女（蒙古族），内蒙古赤峰人，教授，博士研究生导师，研究方向：民族药物的基础与应用。E-mail：。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zhzyyxk/CN/10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2026.08.034
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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