中华中医药学刊

恶性胸腔积液中西医结合诊治专家共识

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中国临床肿瘤学会（CSCO）中西医结合专家委员会

中华中医药学刊 | 专家共识指南 2026,44(9): 251-258

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中华中医药学刊 |专家共识指南 2026 , 44 (9) : 251 -258

恶性胸腔积液中西医结合诊治专家共识

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中国临床肿瘤学会（CSCO）中西医结合专家委员会

作者信息

Expert Consensus onDiagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Pleural Effusion with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) Committee on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

Affiliations

出版时间: 2026-09-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2026.09.047

文章导航

摘要

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恶性胸腔积液（malignant pleural effusion，MPE）是指恶性肿瘤细胞侵犯或转移至胸膜，导致胸膜通透性增加、淋巴回流受阻，从而引起胸膜腔内液体异常积聚的一类临床综合征。MPE是多种晚期恶性肿瘤的常见并发症，尤以肺癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌及恶性淋巴瘤多见。患者常以呼吸困难、胸闷、咳嗽、胸痛等为主要临床表现，严重影响生活质量，预后较差，中位生存期多为3～12个月^[1]。目前，国内外对MPE尚缺乏根治性治疗手段，现代医学治疗以控制原发肿瘤、缓解症状和改善生活质量为主要目标，常用方法包括胸腔穿刺引流、胸膜固定术、胸腔内化疗或靶向治疗及支持治疗等^[2]。但上述措施多属姑息性干预，存在复发率高、疗效不稳定及不良反应较多等问题，临床治疗策略仍有待进一步优化。近年来，中西医结合治疗在改善症状、减少胸腔积液复发、提高患者生存质量等方面逐渐显示出一定优势，受到临床医师与患者的广泛关注。中西医结合诊疗强调在现代医学规范诊治基础上，发挥中医辨证论治和整体调节的特色优势，形成系统、个体化的综合干预模式。鉴于目前MPE中西医结合诊治在临床实践中尚缺乏统一、规范的指导，为了更好地规范和指导MPE临床实践，结合我国国情和最新研究进展，中国临床肿瘤学会（CSCO）中西医结合专家委员会制订了《恶性胸腔积液中西医结合诊治专家共识》（以下简称《共识》），旨在为促进MPE的中西医结合诊治规范、提高临床治疗疗效提供参考。

关键词

恶性胸腔积液 / 中西医结合诊疗 / 专家共识

Abstract

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Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) refers to a clinical syndrome characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity, resulting in tumor cell invasion or metastasis to the pleura, which increases pleural permeability and obstructs lymphatic drainage. MPE is a common complication of various advanced malignant tumors, especially lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancerand malignant lymphoma. The patients often present with symptoms such as dyspnea, chest tightness, coughand chest pain, which significantly affect their quality of life. The prognosis is generally poor, with a median survival of approximately 3～12 months^[1]. Currently, there is no curative treatment for MPE worldwide. Modern medical management focuses on controlling the primary tumor, alleviating symptomsand improving the quality of life. Common approaches include thoracentesis drainage, pleurodesis, intrapleural chemotherapy or targeted therapyand supportive care^[2]. However, most of these interventions are palliative, with limitations such as high recurrence rates, unstable efficacyand considerable adverse effects. Therefore, the clinical treatment strategies still require further optimization. In recent years, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has shown certain advantages in improving symptoms, reducing pleural effusion recurrenceand enhancing the patients' quality of life, garnering increasing the attention from clinicians and patients. Integrated diagnosis and treatment emphasize combining standard modern medical management with the distinctive strengths of traditional Chinese medicine, such as syndrome differentiation, holistic regulationand personalized intervention, to form a systematic and individualized comprehensive treatment model. Given the current lack of uniform and standardized guidelines for the integrated diagnosis and treatment of MPE in clinical practice, and in order to better standardize and guide clinical management in line with China's national conditions and the latest research advances, the Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Expert Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) has developed the Expert Consensus on the Integrated Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Pleural Effusion (hereinafter referred to as Consensus). This Consensus aims to promote standardized integrated diagnosis and treatment of MPE in China and to improve clinical outcomes.

Key words

malignant pleural effusion / integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment / expert consensus

引用本文

中国临床肿瘤学会（CSCO）中西医结合专家委员会. 恶性胸腔积液中西医结合诊治专家共识. 中华中医药学刊, 2026 , 44 (9) : 251 -258 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2026.09.047

Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) Committee on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine. Expert Consensus onDiagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Pleural Effusion with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2026 , 44 (9) : 251 -258 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2026.09.047

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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