Article(id=1256183446028862042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1256183358493679805, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1777427072293, onlineDateStr=2026-04-29, pubDate=1765296000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777427072293, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777427072292, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777427072292, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256183358493679805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777427051344, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777427760067, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256186331126969089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1256183358493679805, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256186331126969090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1256183358493679805, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=135, endPage=138, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256183449308807826, articleId=1256183446028862042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Effect of Scalp Acupoint Penetration Acupuncture Combined with Warm Acupuncture on Cognitive Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Vascular Dementia, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the effectiveness of acupuncture at scalp acupoint penetration acupuncture combined with warming needle moxibustion in improving cognitive function and quality of life in patients with vascular dementia(VD).

Methods

A total of124 patients with Qistagnation and blood stasis type of VD admitted to the hospital between August2017 and July 2019 were selected and divided into the needle therapy group(scalp acupoint penetration acupuncture combined with warming needle moxibustion)and the drug group(butylphthalide soft capsule),62 each in each.Both groups were treated for a total of6 weeks.The clinicalefficacy,traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores,mini-mental state examination(MMSE),Hasegawa dementia status scale(HDS-R),functional activity questionnaire for social functioning(FAQ),activities of daily living(ADL)and adverse effects occurrence results were observed and recorded for comparison.

Results

The total efficiency of the needle therapy group(82.26%)was significantly higher than thatof the drug group(61.29%)(P<0.05).Before treatment,the differences in traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores,the scores of MMSE,HDS-R,FAQ and ADL between the needle therapy group and the drug group were notstatistically significant(P>0.05).After treatment,the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores and FAQ scores were significantly lower(P<0.05),and the scores of MMSE,HDS-R and ADL were significantly higher(P<0.05),and the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores and FAQ scores in the needle therapy group were significantly lower than those in the drug group(P<0.05),and the scores of MMSE,HDS-R and ADL in the needle therapy group were significantly greater than those in the drug group(P<0.05).The differences in the incidence of the total adverse reactions between the needle therapy group and the drug group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).

Conclusion

The efficacy of scalp acupoint penetration acupuncture combined with warming needle moxibustion in treating VD can effectively improve the patients'cognitive function and quality of life,with good safety,which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

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目的

研究头部透穴联合温针灸对血管性痴呆(Vascular dementia,VD)患者认知功能及生活质量的疗效。

方法

选择2017年8月—2019年7月于医院收治的124例气滞血瘀型VD患者,针疗组和药物组各62例,分别采用头部透穴联合温针灸治疗和丁苯酞软胶囊,共治疗6周。临床疗效、中医证候积分、简易智力状态检查量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)、长谷川痴呆状态量表(Hasegawa dementia state scale,HDS-R)评分、社会功能活动调查量表(Functional activity questionnaire,FAQ)评分、日常生活能力量表(activity of daily living scale,ADL)评分及不良反应发生情况的治疗前后结果将会被观察记录比较。

结果

在总有效率方面,针疗组(82.26%)显著高于药物组(61.29%)(P<0.05);治疗前,在中医证候积分、MMSE、HDS-R、FAQ及ADL评分方面,针疗组与药物组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,中医证候积分、FAQ评分均显著下降(P<0.05),MMSE、HDS-R、ADL评分明显升高(P<0.05),且针疗组中医证候积分、FAQ评分明显低于药物组(P<0.05),针疗组MMSE、HDS-R、ADL评分明显大于药物组(P<0.05);针疗组与药物组总的不良反应发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

头部透穴联合温针灸治疗VD疗效好,能有效改善患者认知功能,提高生活质量,安全性好,值得临床推广应用。

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王锋(1979-),男,天津人,副主任医师,硕士,研究方向:针灸临床。

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组别例数显效有效无效总有效
针疗组6220(32.26)31(50.00)11(17.74)51(82.26)
药物组6210(16.13)28(45.16)24(38.71)38(61.29)
χ26.727
P0.010
), ArticleFig(id=1256183488622018735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183446028862042, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组气滞血瘀型VD患者临床疗效比较

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组别例数显效有效无效总有效
针疗组6220(32.26)31(50.00)11(17.74)51(82.26)
药物组6210(16.13)28(45.16)24(38.71)38(61.29)
χ26.727
P0.010
), ArticleFig(id=1256183489179861176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183446028862042, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数治疗前治疗后tP
针疗组6223.67±3.2318.46±2.5210.014<0.001
药物组6223.58±3.2920.97±2.864.714<0.001
t0.1545.185
P0.878<0.001
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两组气滞血瘀型VD患者中医证候积分比较(

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组别例数治疗前治疗后tP
针疗组6223.67±3.2318.46±2.5210.014<0.001
药物组6223.58±3.2920.97±2.864.714<0.001
t0.1545.185
P0.878<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1256183490362654917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183446028862042, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数MMSEHDS-R
治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后
针疗组6214.36±3.8719.08±4.8515.62±5.4721.27±6.73
药物组6214.64±3.5317.06±4.8315.96±5.7218.42±6.35
t0.4212.3240.3382.425
P0.6750.0220.7360.017
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两组气滞血瘀型VD患者MMSE、HDS-R评分比较(

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组别例数MMSEHDS-R
治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后
针疗组6214.36±3.8719.08±4.8515.62±5.4721.27±6.73
药物组6214.64±3.5317.06±4.8315.96±5.7218.42±6.35
t0.4212.3240.3382.425
P0.6750.0220.7360.017
), ArticleFig(id=1256183492023599317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183446028862042, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数ADLFAQ
治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后
针疗组6232.45±7.8579.02±4.6320.45±3.859.02±4.63
药物组6232.51±7.7762.96±5.8720.51±3.7715.96±5.87
t0.04316.9150.0437.309
P0.966<0.0010.966<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1256183492866654433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183446028862042, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

两组ADL、FAQ评分比较(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数ADLFAQ
治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后
针疗组6232.45±7.8579.02±4.6320.45±3.859.02±4.63
药物组6232.51±7.7762.96±5.8720.51±3.7715.96±5.87
t0.04316.9150.0437.309
P0.966<0.0010.966<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1256183493353193704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183446028862042, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数肝肾损伤血常规异常尿常规异常恶心、腹胀总不良反应
针疗组620(0.00)0(0.00)1(1.61)1(1.61)2(3.23)
药物组620(0.00)1(1.61)1(1.61)2(3.23)4(6.45)
χ20.701
P0.403
), ArticleFig(id=1256183494099779824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183446028862042, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

两组气滞血瘀型VD患者不良反应比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数肝肾损伤血常规异常尿常规异常恶心、腹胀总不良反应
针疗组620(0.00)0(0.00)1(1.61)1(1.61)2(3.23)
药物组620(0.00)1(1.61)1(1.61)2(3.23)4(6.45)
χ20.701
P0.403
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头部透穴联合温针灸对血管性痴呆患者认知功能及生活质量的影响
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王锋 , 张丽丽 , 王琪 , 谷文龙
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(12): 135-138
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中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025, 43(12): 135-138
头部透穴联合温针灸对血管性痴呆患者认知功能及生活质量的影响
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王锋, 张丽丽, 王琪, 谷文龙
作者信息
  • 天津中医药大学第一附属医院,天津 300193
  • 王锋(1979-),男,天津人,副主任医师,硕士,研究方向:针灸临床。

Effect of Scalp Acupoint Penetration Acupuncture Combined with Warm Acupuncture on Cognitive Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Vascular Dementia
Feng WANG, Lili ZHANG, Qi WANG, Wenlong GU
Affiliations
  • Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 300193,China
出版时间: 2025-12-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.023
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目的

研究头部透穴联合温针灸对血管性痴呆(Vascular dementia,VD)患者认知功能及生活质量的疗效。

方法

选择2017年8月—2019年7月于医院收治的124例气滞血瘀型VD患者,针疗组和药物组各62例,分别采用头部透穴联合温针灸治疗和丁苯酞软胶囊,共治疗6周。临床疗效、中医证候积分、简易智力状态检查量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)、长谷川痴呆状态量表(Hasegawa dementia state scale,HDS-R)评分、社会功能活动调查量表(Functional activity questionnaire,FAQ)评分、日常生活能力量表(activity of daily living scale,ADL)评分及不良反应发生情况的治疗前后结果将会被观察记录比较。

结果

在总有效率方面,针疗组(82.26%)显著高于药物组(61.29%)(P<0.05);治疗前,在中医证候积分、MMSE、HDS-R、FAQ及ADL评分方面,针疗组与药物组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,中医证候积分、FAQ评分均显著下降(P<0.05),MMSE、HDS-R、ADL评分明显升高(P<0.05),且针疗组中医证候积分、FAQ评分明显低于药物组(P<0.05),针疗组MMSE、HDS-R、ADL评分明显大于药物组(P<0.05);针疗组与药物组总的不良反应发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

头部透穴联合温针灸治疗VD疗效好,能有效改善患者认知功能,提高生活质量,安全性好,值得临床推广应用。

血管性痴呆  /  头部透穴  /  温针灸  /  认知功能  /  生活质量
Objective

To investigate the effectiveness of acupuncture at scalp acupoint penetration acupuncture combined with warming needle moxibustion in improving cognitive function and quality of life in patients with vascular dementia(VD).

Methods

A total of124 patients with Qistagnation and blood stasis type of VD admitted to the hospital between August2017 and July 2019 were selected and divided into the needle therapy group(scalp acupoint penetration acupuncture combined with warming needle moxibustion)and the drug group(butylphthalide soft capsule),62 each in each.Both groups were treated for a total of6 weeks.The clinicalefficacy,traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores,mini-mental state examination(MMSE),Hasegawa dementia status scale(HDS-R),functional activity questionnaire for social functioning(FAQ),activities of daily living(ADL)and adverse effects occurrence results were observed and recorded for comparison.

Results

The total efficiency of the needle therapy group(82.26%)was significantly higher than thatof the drug group(61.29%)(P<0.05).Before treatment,the differences in traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores,the scores of MMSE,HDS-R,FAQ and ADL between the needle therapy group and the drug group were notstatistically significant(P>0.05).After treatment,the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores and FAQ scores were significantly lower(P<0.05),and the scores of MMSE,HDS-R and ADL were significantly higher(P<0.05),and the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores and FAQ scores in the needle therapy group were significantly lower than those in the drug group(P<0.05),and the scores of MMSE,HDS-R and ADL in the needle therapy group were significantly greater than those in the drug group(P<0.05).The differences in the incidence of the total adverse reactions between the needle therapy group and the drug group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).

Conclusion

The efficacy of scalp acupoint penetration acupuncture combined with warming needle moxibustion in treating VD can effectively improve the patients'cognitive function and quality of life,with good safety,which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

vascular dementia  /  scalp acupoint penetration acupuncture  /  warming needle moxibustion  /  cognitive function  /  quality of life
王锋, 张丽丽, 王琪, 谷文龙. 头部透穴联合温针灸对血管性痴呆患者认知功能及生活质量的影响. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (12) : 135 -138 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.023
Feng WANG, Lili ZHANG, Qi WANG, Wenlong GU. Effect of Scalp Acupoint Penetration Acupuncture Combined with Warm Acupuncture on Cognitive Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Vascular Dementia[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (12) : 135 -138 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.023
血管性痴呆(Vascular dementia,VD)是一组由脑血管疾病导致的神经认知功能障碍临床综合征[1],病程具有较大波动性,临床特征为突然发生、阶梯式进展、有卒中史等。它的发生发展可受到多种因素的影响,如高血压病、糖尿病、动脉硬化、吸烟、缺乏运动、年龄及遗传因素等[2]。VD是阿尔茨海默病的常见病因之一,往往容易发展为梗死性痴呆,严重影响患者生活质量及社会活动能力[3]。但是,VD是唯一可以防治的痴呆类疾病,预后较其他类型痴呆好,因此早期诊断VD并采取治疗措施是改善患者症状的主要方法,对提高其生活能力具有重要意义。
中医学认为痴呆是由脑髓不足,神机失用导致的神志异常疾病,其关键病机在于血瘀和痰浊,近年来中医学在VD治疗方面积累了丰富的经验[4]。针刺是中国传统治疗方式的一种,是将针灸针插入人体特定穴位的一种非药物治疗方法。而透穴法早在金元时期就有文献记载[5],是在传统针刺单穴的基础上发展起来的针刺方法,通过采取不同针刺方向刺入穴位,且一针可通透多个或多经的穴位,使得诸穴同时产生针感,可扩大针刺效应范围[6]。温针灸是针刺与艾灸结合使用的一种方法,具有温通经脉、活血化瘀的作用[7],这与痴呆的病机也不谋而合。因此,本研究运用头部透穴法联合温针灸的方法治疗VD,同时观察对VD患者认知功能及生活质量的影响,为临床防治VD提供选择。
医学伦理委员会审批通过后,选择2017年8月—2019年7月我院收治的气滞血瘀型VD患者124例。
纳入标准:①西医符合《血管性痴呆、血管性认知障碍国际分类、诊断标准概述》[8]中对VD的诊断标准;②中医符合《血管性痴呆的中医诊断与治疗》[9]中对气滞血瘀型VD的诊断标准;③年龄55~80岁,病程1~3个月;④经MRI检查证实有缺血性脑血管疾病;⑤简易智力状态检查量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评分≤26分;⑥患者知情同意并配合治疗。
排除标准:①脑血管疾病发生前就有明显痴呆表现;②合并帕金森病、老年性疾病及癫痫等其他疾病引起的智能障碍;③出血性脑血管疾病患者;④合并严重心肝肾疾病;⑤对本研究所用治疗方案不耐受。
共124例患者,根据随机数字表法随机分为针疗组和药物组,各62例。其中药物组中男36例,女26例;平均年龄为(64.59±4.38)周岁;平均病程(2.17±0.28)月。针疗组中男37例,女25例;平均年龄(64.47±4.47)周岁;平均病程(2.21±0.30)月。两组患者的一般资料均显示差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
参与的患者治疗期间停止使用胆碱酯酶抑制剂、血管扩张剂、脑保护剂等药物,对降压、降糖药不做特殊限制。
针疗组接受头部透穴联合温针灸疗法:①透穴法:选取百会透神庭、内关透神门四个主穴,另外选太冲、血海及合谷为配穴,用1.5~3寸毫针对以上诸穴进针刺激得气后,再行平补平泻法或提插捻转补泻,留针30 min。②温针灸:取百会穴,针尖对准穴位沿皮下刺入0.8~1.2寸,随后均匀速率捻转针柄,得气后将艾条套在针柄上,从其下段点燃施灸,第一段燃烧完毕后取第二段点燃,共取2壮艾条。两种针疗法均1次/d,1周5次,持续治疗6周。
对照组用药为丁苯酞软胶囊(石药集团恩必普药业有限公司,国药准字H20050299)。
用法:口服,3次/d,0.2 g/次。共治疗6周。
(1)临床疗效:疗效评价标准[10]:治疗结束后,以MMSE评分为主要参考依据,显效、有效、无效为临床疗效的3个等级,MMSE改善率≥40%为显效,20% ~40%为有效,<20%为无效。总有效率=[(显效+有效)/总例数]×100%。
(2)中医证候积分:参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》[11],观察患者治疗前后主症(智能减退、口唇爪甲青紫、倦怠思卧)及次症(少欢寡言、躁动不安、口齿不清、舌质紫黯、脉沉迟或涩),主症轻中重分别记2/4/6分,次症轻中重记1/2/3分,总积分最低0分,最高33分,中医证候积分值越高提示病情越严重。
(3)认知功能及生活质量评价:采用MMSE及长谷川痴呆状态量表(Hasegawa dementia state scale,HDS-R)评价患者治疗前及治疗后认知功能,采用社会功能活动调查量表(Functional activity questionnaire,FAQ)及日常生活能力量表(activity of daily living scale,ADL)评价治疗前和治疗后生活质量。MMSE量表总分30分,分数低于27分为认知功能障碍,分数在27~30分为正常;根据HDS-R量表评分标准,智能正常总分≥30分,轻度智能低下为20(包括20分)~30分,中度智能低下为10~19分,重度智能低下总分<10分。ADL量表中有10项检查内容,总分0~100分,完全依赖为0分,ADL功能重度损伤为总分≤40分,ADL功能中度损伤为总分41~60分,ADL功能轻度损伤为总分≥61分,100分表示日常生活能力正常。FAQ包括两项统计学指标,每项活动完全需别人照顾为2分,有困难时需照顾为1分,能够完全自理为0分,总分25分,分值越低表示FAQ功能越好[12]
(4)比较两组治疗后血尿常规异常、肝肾损伤及恶心腹胀等不良反应事件发生情况。
采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。组内(年龄、病程、中医证候积分)采用配对样本t检验,组间采用独立样本t检验,组间采用卡方检验计量数据(性别、临床疗效等)。当P<0.05时,表示差异有统计学意义。
实验结果表明,总有效率针疗组(82.26%)显著高于药物组(61.29%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.010)。见表1
治疗前,两组中医证候积分比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.878);治疗后,两组中医证候积分均显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);治疗后,针疗组中医证候积分(18.46±2.52)明显低于药物组(20.97±2.86),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。见表2
由下表可知,治疗前,两组MMSE(P=0.675)、HDS-R(P=0.736)评分比较差异无统计学意义;治疗后,两组MMSE(P=0.022)、HDS-R(P=0.017)评分明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);并且,针疗组MMSE(19.08±4.85)、HDS-R(17.06±4.83)评分高于药物组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3
由下表可知,治疗前,两组ADL(P=0.966)、FAQ(P=0.966)评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组FAQ评分明显下降,ADL评分明显上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);并且,针疗组FAQ评分(9.02±4.63)明显低于药物组(15.96±5.87),针疗组ADL评分(79.02±4.63)明显高于药物组(62.96±5.87),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表4
针疗组与药物组的总不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.403)。见表5
多数学者认为,脑代谢率及脑组织灌注流量降低、代谢降低、氧化应激及脑组织结构受损是VD发生的病理基础。这些病理变化使患者出现学习能力及记忆力下降、认知功能减退等严重影响生活质量的痴呆状态[13]。我国人口老龄化加剧,痴呆发病率逐渐上升,VD发病率仅次于阿尔茨海默,脑血管性认知障碍的发病率、患病率、致残率,甚至是致死率也在日益升高,患者的生活质量和社会活动功能被严重损害,给家庭照护和社会经济带来沉重负担[14-15]。高血压病、高血脂、高血糖及高同型半胱氨酸等是该病主要危险因素[16-17],有效控制引发VD的高危因素,能避免认知功能受损的进一步发展。早期诊断和治疗是延缓VD患者认知障碍发展的重要二级预防措施,现代医学防治血管性认知障碍有多种方法,包括生活方式的改变、心理干预、药物治疗(改善脑代谢、改善脑循环、脑保护药、胆碱酶抑制剂等)以及康复训练等。这些方法虽然可以帮助延缓病情进展、改善症状和提高患者生活质量,但是总会存在弊端和局限性,包括药物的不良反应,患者对药物的耐受性、依从性以及治疗周期,均会给疾病防治效果带来诸多挑战。药物治疗在实际临床运用中总是难以达到理想治疗效果,因此,为开拓更优质选择的治疗方式,减轻患者痛苦,往往还需要对更多非药物疗法进行辅助[18]
中医学将VD归为“痴呆”范畴,认为该病是在肾精亏虚基础上产生气滞、痰浊及血瘀,进而形成虚实夹杂、本虚标实之证;肾精亏虚使髓海失充,痰瘀内阻,累及脑窍,最终导致神明失用,表现为痴呆[19];另外,该病在病机上可相互转化,最终导致病程缠绵难愈。透穴法历史悠久,是指采用不同针刺方向及深度,使针灸针作用于两个以上的穴位,进而治疗疾病的一种针刺方法[20]。透穴法在临床上应用广泛,具有取穴少、针感强的特点;该法在取穴上单纯选用头穴,头为诸阳之会,脏腑经络气血会于头部,选用神庭、百会以疏通诸阳经之气血,率谷穴透曲鬓结合太冲、血海、合谷配穴,刺激诸穴使得经脉血气得以沟通,启迪神志,达到醒神开窍、清利头目的目的[21-22]。温针灸具有艾灸和针刺双重作用,艾绒的温热可以通过针体传至针尖,到达穴位附近,发挥其活血通络、益气温阳的作用[23]。基于以上研究内容,因此本研究选取透穴法联合温针灸作为治疗VD患者的试验方法。丁苯酞软胶囊是抗脑缺血、缺氧的药物[24],经过临床Ⅲ期临床试验证实是安全有效的,可改善患者的脑组织微循环、减轻海马区损害、提高患者认知功能[25],因此将丁苯酞软胶囊作为对照组的治疗药物。两组疗效对比,以期为临床治疗提供一种疗效确切、经济实用的方法,改善其认知障碍及生活质量。
本研究结果表明,两组患者的MMSE、HDS-R评分在治疗后显著升高,FAQ评分较治疗前明显下降,ADL明显上升,且针疗组各指标改变水平显著大于药物组,提示头部透穴联合温针灸治疗VD,能有效改善其精神状况及痴呆程度,提高日常生活能力及社会功能,进而提高其认知水平及生活质量,整体改善作用优于药物治疗方案治疗效果;分析其背后的原因,针刺作为中医传统疗法之一,通过调节人体的气血运行,平衡阴阳,调节脏腑功能,影响神经系统活动,改善认知功能障碍。而头部透穴通过刺激头部穴位和大脑皮质功能在头皮的投射区,能够增加脑血流量,改善微循环、抑制缺血性神经元凋亡、减轻免疫炎症反应[26]。研究发现头皮针可提高脑卒中后患者血清脑源性神经营养因子、降低炎症因子表达,改善患者认知功能[27]。并且头穴透刺治疗总有效率明显高于常规针刺组[28]。而在本研究中运用透穴疗法治疗的认知评分明显高于药物组,提示头部透穴治疗的有效性。而温针灸法是中医特色疗法的组成之一,即针刺得气后于针柄上放置点燃的艾炷,热量通过针体传入穴位,发挥舒筋通络、温阳散寒双重作用[29]。血清Aβ-42能够透过血脑屏障,在大脑中大量聚集,可促进认知功能损害[30],可以作为早期诊断轻度认知功能障碍的特异性指标之一,而温针灸可改善患者血清Aβ-42指标[31],提示温针灸改善认知功能障碍的可能机制。而认知功能障碍的发病是一个慢性过程,温针灸可发挥温和长久的良性调节作用,可避免西药的不良反应,提高患者生活质量[32-33]。本研究中,头部透穴联合温针灸治疗可显著改善VD患者认知功能,对比丁苯酞软胶囊组,研究结果提示头部透穴与温针灸的良好的治疗作用。因此,头部透穴法和温针灸可发挥多重功效,有效缓解患者肢体运动和感觉功能障碍,减轻患者痛苦,进而提升其认知功能及患者生活质量。
此外,本研究还发现,针疗组临床疗效总有效率(82.26%)显著高于药物治疗组总有效率(61.29%);另外,针疗组治疗后中医证候评分下降水平明显高于药物组,说明头部透穴联合温针灸相较丁苯酞软胶囊能显著减轻VD患者智能减退、少欢寡言、躁动不安、口齿不清、舌质紫黯、脉沉迟等症状,促进病情恢复,提高整体疗效。而关于试验中的不良反应事件而言,本研究治疗过程中两组均未出现严重不良反应,说明头部透穴联合温针灸安全性好。
综上,针灸治疗认知功能障碍有强大的理论支撑,本研究发现头部透穴联合温针灸治疗VD疗效确切,可促进患者认知功能、日常活动能力及运动功能的提升,进而改善患者认知功能,提高生活质量,并且无严重不良反应事件发生,安全性好,具有一定社会意义,值得临床推广应用。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82104995)
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.023
  • 首发时间:2026-04-29
  • 出版时间:2025-12-10
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国家自然科学基金项目(82104995)
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    天津中医药大学第一附属医院,天津 300193
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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