Article(id=1256183408997315181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1256183358493679805, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.045, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1777427063453, onlineDateStr=2026-04-29, pubDate=1765296000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777427063453, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777427063453, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777427063453, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256183358493679805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777427051344, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777427760067, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256186331126969089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1256183358493679805, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256186331126969090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1256183358493679805, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=244, endPage=248, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256183411505508997, articleId=1256183408997315181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Efficacy and Safety of Sanhuangtangshenkang(三黄糖肾康)Combined with Dapagliflozin in Treatment of Early Diabetes Nephropathy with Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis, columnId=1256183365644968140, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Platform of Provincial Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the efficacy and safety of Sanhuangtangshenkang(三黄糖肾康)combined with Dapagliflozin in the treatment of Qi deficiency and blood stasis type of early diabetic nephropathy(DN).

Methods

A randomized,double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted involving 120 patients from the Endocrinology and Nephrology Departments at Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2021 to June 2023.The participants were allocated into two groups.The experimental group(60 patients)received standard care augmented with Sanhuangtangshenkang and Dapagliflozin,while the control group(60 patients)was treated with standard care plus placebo granules and Dapagliflozin.The duration of treatmentwas 12 weeks.The primary endpoints included the efficacy of treatment,the renal function,the inflammatory markers,the enhancement of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes,and the frequency of adverse events.

Results

A total of 117 patients were successfully enrolled,59 in the experimental group and 58 in the control group.The experimental group showed a significantly higher overall effective rate compared to the control group(98.30% versus70.68%,P<0.05).Biochemical indicators such as the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR),24-hour urinary microalbumin(UMA)and 24-hour urinary protein were significantly improved in the experimental group compared to those in the control group after 12 weeks of treatment(P<0.05).Inflammatory markers including serum amyloid A(SAA),interleukin-6(IL-6),C-reactive protein(CRP)and homocysteine(Hcy)also showed more significant reductions in the experimental group,especially after 12 weeks of treatment(P<0.05).The improvements in renal function and other biochemical indicators,such as glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)and total cholesterol(TC),were also notably better in the experimental group(P<0.05).TCM symptom scores further confirmed the improvement in various indicators in the experimental group after treatment(P<0.05).Although there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).The experimental group exhibited a lower rate of adverse reactions(3.38%)compared to the control group(8.62%).

Conclusion

The combination of Sanhuangtangshenkang with Dapagliflozin is highly effective and safe for improving renal function,glycemic control and TCM syndromes in patients with early-stage DN characterized by Qi deficiency and blood stasis,demonstrating both enhanced safety and superior efficacy.

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目的

评估三黄糖肾康和达格列净联合治疗气虚血瘀型早期糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)的疗效及安全性。

方法

研究采用双盲安慰剂、对照的临床试验设计,共纳入2021年6月—2023年6月台州市中医院内分泌科、肾病科120例气虚血瘀型早期DN患者。随机分为试验组和对照组,每组60例。试验组给予标准治疗+三黄糖肾康联合达格列净治疗,对照组给予标准治疗+安慰剂颗粒联合达格列净治疗,治疗周期为12周。观察指标包括疗效、肾功能、炎症相关指标、中医证候改善情况及不良反应发生率。

结果

共筛选了120例患者,117例成功入组,试验组59例,对照组58例。试验组在总有效率上显著优于对照组(98.30%对比70.68%,P<0.05)。在生化指标方面,试验组在治疗12周后的尿白蛋白与肌酐比率(urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio,UACR),24 h尿微量白蛋白(24-hour urinary microalbumin,UMA)和24 h尿蛋白方面的改善显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。炎症相关指标如血清淀粉样蛋白A(serum amyloid A,SAA)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、同型半胱氨酸(serum homocysteine,Hcy)在试验组中的下降也更为明显,特别是在治疗12周后(P<0.05)。在肾功能和其他生化指标上,如糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemoglobin,HbA1c)、肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)的改善,试验组同样表现出显著的优势(P<0.05)。中医证候评分进一步证实了试验组在治疗后的多项指标上的改善(P<0.05)。尽管两组在不良反应发生率上差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),试验组的不良反应发生率(3.38%)仍低于对照组(8.62%)。

结论

三黄糖肾康联合达格列净在治疗气虚血瘀型早期糖尿病肾病中,不仅可以有效改善肾功能和血糖控制,还可以改善中医证候,具有较高的安全性和更好的疗效。

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徐杰(1982-),男,浙江台州人,副主任医师,学士,研究方向:内分泌。

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组别例数显效有效无效总有效
对照组5821(36.20)20(34.48)17(29.31)41(70.68)
试验组5935(59.32)23(38.98)1(1.69)58(98.30)
χ217.134
P0.000
), ArticleFig(id=1256183440987272153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183408997315181, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组气虚血瘀型早期DN患者疗效对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数显效有效无效总有效
对照组5821(36.20)20(34.48)17(29.31)41(70.68)
试验组5935(59.32)23(38.98)1(1.69)58(98.30)
χ217.134
P0.000
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组别例数UACR/(mg/g)24 hUMA/(mg/L)24/h尿蛋白定量/(g)
治疗前治疗4周治疗12周治疗前治疗4周治疗12周治疗前治疗4周治疗12周
对照组5828.02±0.6227.33±0.4323.62±0.2822.28±2.4117.72±1.3313.62±1.282.98±0.312.45±0.281.74±0.21
试验组5928.17±0.6525.92±0.2921.41±0.1922.91±2.3315.47±1.297.36±0.113.01±0.332.14±0.211.11±0.17
t1.27620.82650.0321.4379.28837.4280.5066.78217.849
P0.2040.0000.0000.1530.0000.0000.6130.0000.003
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两组气虚血瘀型早期DN患者治疗前后的UACR、24 hUMA、24 h尿蛋白定量比较(

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组别例数UACR/(mg/g)24 hUMA/(mg/L)24/h尿蛋白定量/(g)
治疗前治疗4周治疗12周治疗前治疗4周治疗12周治疗前治疗4周治疗12周
对照组5828.02±0.6227.33±0.4323.62±0.2822.28±2.4117.72±1.3313.62±1.282.98±0.312.45±0.281.74±0.21
试验组5928.17±0.6525.92±0.2921.41±0.1922.91±2.3315.47±1.297.36±0.113.01±0.332.14±0.211.11±0.17
t1.27620.82650.0321.4379.28837.4280.5066.78217.849
P0.2040.0000.0000.1530.0000.0000.6130.0000.003
), ArticleFig(id=1256183443424162807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183408997315181, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数SAA/(mg/L)IL-6/(ng/L)CRP/(mg/L)Hcy/(μ mol/L)
治疗前治疗4周治疗12周治疗前治疗4周治疗12周治疗前治疗4周治疗12周治疗前治疗4周治疗12周
对照组5824.13±4.3917.56±2.339.62±1.377.48±1.316.45±0.895.74±0.388.02±0.597.33±0.476.62±0.2822.98±4.3119.45±3.2815.74±0.21
试验组5924.18±4.3314.47±2.284.18±0.517.41±1.335.14±0.473.11±0.158.17±0.586.92±0.275.21±0.1323.01±4.3318.14±3.2112.11±0.17
t0.0627.25028.5550.2869.97949.3931.3865.79735.0310.0372.183102.849
P0.9500.0000.0000.7740.0000.0030.1680.0000.0000.9700.0310.000
), ArticleFig(id=1256183444204302344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183408997315181, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两组气虚血瘀型早期DN患者治疗前后的SAA、IL-6、CRP、Hcy水平比较(

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组别例数SAA/(mg/L)IL-6/(ng/L)CRP/(mg/L)Hcy/(μ mol/L)
治疗前治疗4周治疗12周治疗前治疗4周治疗12周治疗前治疗4周治疗12周治疗前治疗4周治疗12周
对照组5824.13±4.3917.56±2.339.62±1.377.48±1.316.45±0.895.74±0.388.02±0.597.33±0.476.62±0.2822.98±4.3119.45±3.2815.74±0.21
试验组5924.18±4.3314.47±2.284.18±0.517.41±1.335.14±0.473.11±0.158.17±0.586.92±0.275.21±0.1323.01±4.3318.14±3.2112.11±0.17
t0.0627.25028.5550.2869.97949.3931.3865.79735.0310.0372.183102.849
P0.9500.0000.0000.7740.0000.0030.1680.0000.0000.9700.0310.000
), ArticleFig(id=1256183444762144784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183408997315181, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数eGFRHbA1 c/(%)HbA1 c/(%)
治疗前治疗4周治疗12周治疗前治疗4周治疗12周治疗前治疗4周治疗12周
对照组58127.58±12.63102.94±10.32 86.67±9.219.56±1.348.52±1.297.66±1.187.84±0.976.54±0.765.23±0.29
试验组59127.62±12.57 78.71±8.4544.51±4.119.52±1.317.01±0.875.41±0.417.79±0.965.13±0.453.21±0.15
t0.01713.90532.0650.1637.43413.8220.28012.23547.438
P0.9860.0000.0000.8700.0000.0000.7790.0000.000
), ArticleFig(id=1256183445030580249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183408997315181, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

两组气虚血瘀型早期DN患者治疗前后HbA1c、eGFR及TC比较(

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组别例数eGFRHbA1 c/(%)HbA1 c/(%)
治疗前治疗4周治疗12周治疗前治疗4周治疗12周治疗前治疗4周治疗12周
对照组58127.58±12.63102.94±10.32 86.67±9.219.56±1.348.52±1.297.66±1.187.84±0.976.54±0.765.23±0.29
试验组59127.62±12.57 78.71±8.4544.51±4.119.52±1.317.01±0.875.41±0.417.79±0.965.13±0.453.21±0.15
t0.01713.90532.0650.1637.43413.8220.28012.23547.438
P0.9860.0000.0000.8700.0000.0000.7790.0000.000
), ArticleFig(id=1256183445466787873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183408997315181, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数倦怠乏力舌质黯红或瘀点或瘀斑气短懒言自汗
治疗前治疗12周治疗前治疗12周后治疗前治疗12周治疗前治疗12周
对照组585.60±0.383.34±0.765.33±0.363.24±0.792.57±0.241.97±0.132.45±0.251.55±0.43
试验组595.65±0.312.17±0.825.28±0.331.73±0.192.60±0.180.82±0.142.48±0.260.89±0.11
t0.7808.0010.78314.2680.76546.0220.63611.416
P0.4360.0000.4350.0000.4450.0000.5260.000
组别例数肢体麻木或刺痛面色晦暗脉细弱
治疗前治疗12周治疗前治疗12周治疗前治疗12周
对照组581.92±0.290.73±0.071.77±0.120.97±0.110.98±0.320.47±0.10
试验组591.94±0.280.52±0.051.71±0.140.32±0.130.97±0.280.21±0.03
t0.37918.6972.48729.1710.17919.116
P0.7050.0000.4120.0000.8570.000
), ArticleFig(id=1256183446687330351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183408997315181, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

两组气虚血瘀型早期DN患者治疗前后中医证候评分比较(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数倦怠乏力舌质黯红或瘀点或瘀斑气短懒言自汗
治疗前治疗12周治疗前治疗12周后治疗前治疗12周治疗前治疗12周
对照组585.60±0.383.34±0.765.33±0.363.24±0.792.57±0.241.97±0.132.45±0.251.55±0.43
试验组595.65±0.312.17±0.825.28±0.331.73±0.192.60±0.180.82±0.142.48±0.260.89±0.11
t0.7808.0010.78314.2680.76546.0220.63611.416
P0.4360.0000.4350.0000.4450.0000.5260.000
组别例数肢体麻木或刺痛面色晦暗脉细弱
治疗前治疗12周治疗前治疗12周治疗前治疗12周
对照组581.92±0.290.73±0.071.77±0.120.97±0.110.98±0.320.47±0.10
试验组591.94±0.280.52±0.051.71±0.140.32±0.130.97±0.280.21±0.03
t0.37918.6972.48729.1710.17919.116
P0.7050.0000.4120.0000.8570.000
), ArticleFig(id=1256183447140315192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183408997315181, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数头晕咳嗽胃肠道反应疲乏总发生率
对照组581(1.72)1(1.72)2(3.44)1(1.72)5(8.62)
试验组590(0)1(1.69)1(1.69)0(0)2(3.38)
χ21.422
P0.232
), ArticleFig(id=1256183448369246275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183408997315181, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

两组气虚血瘀型早期DN患者不良反应发生率比较

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组别例数头晕咳嗽胃肠道反应疲乏总发生率
对照组581(1.72)1(1.72)2(3.44)1(1.72)5(8.62)
试验组590(0)1(1.69)1(1.69)0(0)2(3.38)
χ21.422
P0.232
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三黄糖肾康联合达格列净治疗气虚血瘀型早期糖尿病肾病的疗效及安全性
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徐杰 , 周霜 , 谢旦红
中华中医药学刊 | 省级项目平台 2025,43(12): 244-248
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中华中医药学刊 | 省级项目平台 2025, 43(12): 244-248
三黄糖肾康联合达格列净治疗气虚血瘀型早期糖尿病肾病的疗效及安全性
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徐杰, 周霜, 谢旦红
作者信息
  • 台州市中医院,浙江 台州 318000
  • 徐杰(1982-),男,浙江台州人,副主任医师,学士,研究方向:内分泌。

Efficacy and Safety of Sanhuangtangshenkang(三黄糖肾康)Combined with Dapagliflozin in Treatment of Early Diabetes Nephropathy with Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis
Jie XU, Shuang ZHOU, Danhong XIE
Affiliations
  • Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Taizhou 318000,Zhejiang,China
出版时间: 2025-12-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.045
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目的

评估三黄糖肾康和达格列净联合治疗气虚血瘀型早期糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)的疗效及安全性。

方法

研究采用双盲安慰剂、对照的临床试验设计,共纳入2021年6月—2023年6月台州市中医院内分泌科、肾病科120例气虚血瘀型早期DN患者。随机分为试验组和对照组,每组60例。试验组给予标准治疗+三黄糖肾康联合达格列净治疗,对照组给予标准治疗+安慰剂颗粒联合达格列净治疗,治疗周期为12周。观察指标包括疗效、肾功能、炎症相关指标、中医证候改善情况及不良反应发生率。

结果

共筛选了120例患者,117例成功入组,试验组59例,对照组58例。试验组在总有效率上显著优于对照组(98.30%对比70.68%,P<0.05)。在生化指标方面,试验组在治疗12周后的尿白蛋白与肌酐比率(urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio,UACR),24 h尿微量白蛋白(24-hour urinary microalbumin,UMA)和24 h尿蛋白方面的改善显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。炎症相关指标如血清淀粉样蛋白A(serum amyloid A,SAA)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、同型半胱氨酸(serum homocysteine,Hcy)在试验组中的下降也更为明显,特别是在治疗12周后(P<0.05)。在肾功能和其他生化指标上,如糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemoglobin,HbA1c)、肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)的改善,试验组同样表现出显著的优势(P<0.05)。中医证候评分进一步证实了试验组在治疗后的多项指标上的改善(P<0.05)。尽管两组在不良反应发生率上差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),试验组的不良反应发生率(3.38%)仍低于对照组(8.62%)。

结论

三黄糖肾康联合达格列净在治疗气虚血瘀型早期糖尿病肾病中,不仅可以有效改善肾功能和血糖控制,还可以改善中医证候,具有较高的安全性和更好的疗效。

糖尿病肾病  /  气虚血瘀型  /  三黄糖肾康  /  达格列净  /  疗效
Objective

To investigate the efficacy and safety of Sanhuangtangshenkang(三黄糖肾康)combined with Dapagliflozin in the treatment of Qi deficiency and blood stasis type of early diabetic nephropathy(DN).

Methods

A randomized,double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted involving 120 patients from the Endocrinology and Nephrology Departments at Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2021 to June 2023.The participants were allocated into two groups.The experimental group(60 patients)received standard care augmented with Sanhuangtangshenkang and Dapagliflozin,while the control group(60 patients)was treated with standard care plus placebo granules and Dapagliflozin.The duration of treatmentwas 12 weeks.The primary endpoints included the efficacy of treatment,the renal function,the inflammatory markers,the enhancement of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes,and the frequency of adverse events.

Results

A total of 117 patients were successfully enrolled,59 in the experimental group and 58 in the control group.The experimental group showed a significantly higher overall effective rate compared to the control group(98.30% versus70.68%,P<0.05).Biochemical indicators such as the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR),24-hour urinary microalbumin(UMA)and 24-hour urinary protein were significantly improved in the experimental group compared to those in the control group after 12 weeks of treatment(P<0.05).Inflammatory markers including serum amyloid A(SAA),interleukin-6(IL-6),C-reactive protein(CRP)and homocysteine(Hcy)also showed more significant reductions in the experimental group,especially after 12 weeks of treatment(P<0.05).The improvements in renal function and other biochemical indicators,such as glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)and total cholesterol(TC),were also notably better in the experimental group(P<0.05).TCM symptom scores further confirmed the improvement in various indicators in the experimental group after treatment(P<0.05).Although there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).The experimental group exhibited a lower rate of adverse reactions(3.38%)compared to the control group(8.62%).

Conclusion

The combination of Sanhuangtangshenkang with Dapagliflozin is highly effective and safe for improving renal function,glycemic control and TCM syndromes in patients with early-stage DN characterized by Qi deficiency and blood stasis,demonstrating both enhanced safety and superior efficacy.

diabetes nephropathy  /  Qi deficiency and blood stasis type  /  Sanhuangtangshenkang(三黄糖肾康)  /  Dapagliflozin  /  curative effect
徐杰, 周霜, 谢旦红. 三黄糖肾康联合达格列净治疗气虚血瘀型早期糖尿病肾病的疗效及安全性. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (12) : 244 -248 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.045
Jie XU, Shuang ZHOU, Danhong XIE. Efficacy and Safety of Sanhuangtangshenkang(三黄糖肾康)Combined with Dapagliflozin in Treatment of Early Diabetes Nephropathy with Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (12) : 244 -248 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.045
在糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)的治疗中,西医药物如达格列净已广泛用于控制血糖,减缓疾病进展。然而,糖尿病肾病的复杂病理机制及其治疗中可能出现的多种并发症,要求寻求更加全面和多元化的治疗策略[1-2]。中医药在长期的临床实践中积累了丰富经验,特别是在调整机体状态、改善微循环和增强机体自愈能力方面显示出独特优势。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,中西医结合治疗可以更好地控制糖尿病及其并发症[3-4]。三黄糖肾康作为一种中药复方,据信可以针对糖尿病肾病中的气虚血瘀证型,通过其独特的药理作用改善肾功能,并促进血液循环,从而提高治疗效果[5-6]。然而,关于三黄糖肾康与现代降糖药物联合应用的疗效及安全性,尚需深入研究。本研究旨在探讨三黄糖肾康与达格列净联合治疗气虚血瘀型早期糖尿病肾病的效果及其安全性,以期为临床提供更为科学的治疗指导。通过对台州市中医院内分泌科、肾病科120例气虚血瘀型早期糖尿病肾病患者的临床数据进行双盲随机、对照研究,本研究将为中西医结合治疗提供更多的科学依据和实践经验。
本研究采用双盲安慰剂、对照的临床试验设计,共纳入2021年6月—2023年6月台州市中医院内分泌科、肾病科120例气虚血瘀型早期DN患者。随机分为试验组和对照组,每组60例。试验组和对照组的平均年龄分别为(52.34±6.81)岁和(53.16±7.07)岁;两组的病程平均持续时间分别为3.5年和3.6年。随机化将由独立的医院临床评估中心实施,采用SAS系统以1∶1的比例分配符合条件的参与者,随机分为试验组和安慰剂组。致盲过程将由临床协调员完成并进行监控。三黄糖肾颗粒与安慰剂被分别标记为A和B,并通过使用密封的不透明信封来保持治疗分配的机密性,这些信封由临床协调员负责保管。信封内的内容对于课题负责人、研究团队以及参与者都是保密的,确保了研究的盲性。为了进一步确保不可区分性,中药复方与安慰剂的外观、包装和标签设计完全相同,且都被赋予数字代码。这些代码直接对应于参与者的注册编号,以维持分配的随机性。此外,为每位参与者准备的应急信件能够在必要时揭示分配的内容,而不影响整体的盲法设计。所有参与研究的人员都会接受专门的培训,以确保对研究协议的严格遵守,同时不会破坏盲性和随机性。本研究通过台州市中医院医学伦理委员会审批(2024TZYL005)。
纳入标准:(1)符合西医诊断标准[7];(2)符合中医辨证诊断标准[8],主症:①倦怠乏力;②舌质黯红或有瘀点或瘀斑,苔腻。次症:①气短懒言;②肢体麻木或刺痛;③面色晦暗;④自汗;⑤脉细弱。以上主症必备,加次症二项即可诊断;(3)基线糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)在6.5% ~8.0%(6.5% <HbA1c<8%);(4)体质量指数≥23.0 kg/m2;(5)肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)≥45 mL/min/1.73 m2;(6)能够理解研究内容并已签署知情同意书;(7)除糖尿病肾病外,其他主要器官功能正常。
排除标准:(1)其他重大疾病,如心脑血管疾病、严重的肝脏或肾脏功能障碍等;(2)怀孕或哺乳期女性,药物可能对胎儿或婴儿有不良影响;(3)对三黄糖肾康或达格列净中的任何成分有已知过敏反应的患者;(4)近期或当前参与其他药物临床试验的患者;(5)已经发展到更高级别的肾病损害,如显著的肾功能下降等。
剔除标准:(1)入组后发现不符合纳入标准者;(2)未按试验方案规定用药者;(3)对照组患者在研究期间服用其他中药或中药制剂。
终止试验或脱落标准:(1)不能坚持治疗者;(2)试验中出现严重不良反应者;(3)试验中出现其他严重并发症者;(4)病情恶化,必需采取紧急措施者;(5)非疗效原因,患者提出退出试验。
饮食调节、运动、生活方式干预等基础治疗上,皮下注射胰岛素或其他口服药以降糖,口服他汀类药物调脂,口服厄贝沙坦治疗4周以控制血压。
标准治疗基础上给予达格列净(批准文号:国药准字J20170040;生产企业:阿斯利康制药有限公司),10 mg/次,1次/d;三黄糖肾康颗粒,1剂/d,分两次口服。达格列净生产企业:AStraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP,分包装企业:阿斯利康制药有限公司,进口药品大包装注册证号:H20170206,进口药品小包装注册证号:H20170119,H20170120,分包装批准文号:国药准字J20170040。三黄糖肾康颗粒,药用:黄芪30 g,黄精30 g,泽泻15 g,丹参20 g,水蛭5 g,虎杖20 g,黄连6 g,浙江佐力药业股份有限公司生产。治疗周期为12周。
标准治疗基础上给予安慰剂颗粒联合达格列净治疗。标准治疗与达格列净治疗同试验组,安慰剂颗粒:食用苦味剂,生产企业:浙江佐力药业股份有限公司。
(1)疗效评定标准[9]:显效:24 h尿微量白蛋白(24-hour urinarymicroalbumin,UMA)或24 h尿蛋白定量减少≥50%,肾功能正常。有效:24 hUMA或24 h尿蛋白减少≥20%,肾功能正常或基本正常(不高于正常值≥15%)。无效:各项指标达不到以上标准。总有效率=(显效人数+有效人数总人数)×100%。(2)中医症状疗效评定标准:根据积分法判定中医症状疗效。疗效指数=疗前积分-疗后积分/疗前积分×100%;临床控制:症状消失或基本消失,症状总积分较疗前减少≥95%。显效:症状明显好转,症状总积分较疗前减少≥70%、<95%。有效:症状减轻,症状总积分较疗前减少≥30%、<70%。无效:症状无明显好转,甚至加重,症状总积分较疗前减少<30%。(3)用药前和用药后4周、12周的尿白蛋白与肌酐比率(urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio,UACR)、24 hUMA、24 h尿蛋白定量(每次连续3 d取均值)。(4)用药前和用药后4周、8周、12周的血清淀粉样蛋白A(serum amyloid A,SAA)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、同型半胱氨酸(serum homocysteine,Hcy)、糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemoglobin,HbA1c)、肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)。(5)中医证候评分[10]:①倦怠乏力(0~6分);②舌质黯红或有瘀点或瘀斑(0~6分);③气短懒言(0~3分);④肢体麻木或刺痛(0~3分);⑤面色晦暗(0~3分);⑥自汗(0~3分);⑦脉细弱(0~3分)。于治疗前、治疗12周各记录一次。(6)不良反应的记录:心悸、咳嗽、胃肠道反应、肝功能异常等症状的发生率通过患者的主观报告以及临床检查结果进行记录和统计。
采用SPSS 26.0统计软件对数据进行处理与分析,计量资料符合正态分布且方差齐则用均数±标准差()表示,采用t检验;计数资料的比较采用χ2检验,P<0.05表示差异显著统计学意义。
本研究一共筛选120例,入组117例,其中对照组58例,试验组59例。试验组因未遵医嘱服药脱落1例,最终有59例纳入统计分析;对照组因未遵医嘱服药脱落2例,最终有58例纳入统计分析。
试验组在治疗效果上显著优于对照组。试验组的总有效率为98.30%,明显高于对照组的70.68%,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1
治疗12周后,试验组在UACR、24 hUMA、24h尿蛋白上的改善均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。见表2
试验组患者的SAA、IL-6、CRP、Hcy下降更为明显,尤其在治疗12周后,与对照组相比,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3
试验组在eGFR、HbA1c、TC上的改善也显著优于对照组,尤其是eGFR的提高和HbA1c、TC的下降(P<0.05)。见表4
试验组在治疗后的各项中医证候(如倦怠乏力、舌质黯红等)上的改善显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。见表5
两组患者的不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),试验组的总发生率为3.38%,低于对照组的8.62%。见表6
气虚血瘀型DN是一种中医诊断概念,指的是由于体内气的不足和血液循环不畅引起的糖尿病并发症。这种状况会导致肾功能逐渐下降,最终可能演变为严重的肾衰竭[11-13]。早期病症可能表现为疲劳、浮肿、尿量异常等症状,如果不及时治疗,可能会进一步损伤肾脏,增加心血管事件的风险,严重影响患者的生活质量和寿命[14]。中医认为,气虚导致机体防御能力下降,而血瘀则是指血液循环不畅,两者相结合,可以导致和加剧糖尿病肾病的发展。气虚主要表现为机体生理功能低下,抵抗力减弱,导致病邪侵入。在糖尿病肾病中,气虚可能导致肾脏功能降低,无法有效过滤和排除代谢废物和多余水分。长期血糖控制不良可引起微血管病变,进而影响血液循环,形成血瘀。血瘀可能导致肾脏局部微循环障碍,进一步加重肾脏损伤。三黄糖肾康是基于传统中医理论研发的复方中药产品,主要用于治疗气虚血瘀引起的早期DN。该药物通过补充气血、改善血液循环、减少炎症反应等机制来保护肾脏功能,并减缓疾病的进展[15-16]。达格列净是一种口服抗糖尿病药物,属于SGLT2抑制剂类,通过促进糖尿病患者的尿糖排泄来降低血糖水平,同时也有助于减轻肾脏的负担,保护肾功能[17]。结合中医与现代医学的治疗方法可能开辟治疗DN的新途径。
本研究发现与仅接受标准治疗和安慰剂的对照组相比,加入三黄糖肾康的试验组在多个关键指标上表现出了优势。试验组的总有效率达到98.30%,远高于对照组的70.68%。这一结果可能归因于三黄糖肾康的中药成分,这些成分在中医理论中被认为可以补气活血,改善微循环。此外,这种试验组合可能通过减少炎性介质的生成,改善肾脏局部血液循环,从而提高治疗效果。杨鑫等[18]发现补阳还五汤联合达格列净治疗早期DN患者,能有效控制血糖水平并减少尿微量白蛋白排泄,从而有助于保护肾功能。谢旦红等[19]提出益气养阴化瘀方联合达格列净治疗DN患者能显著改善血液流变学和凝血功能,从而有效阻止肾功能恶化。试验组在UACR、24 hUMA和24小时尿蛋白量等关键肾功能指标上的显著改善进一步证实了其对肾脏保护的作用。SGLT2抑制剂如达格列净通过减少肾小管对葡萄糖的重吸收,可以减轻肾脏负担,并可能与三黄糖肾康的作用相协同,增强了抗炎和抗氧化作用[20-21]。试验组中SAA、IL-6、CRP和Hcy的显著下降表明,该治疗方案对系统性和局部炎症的控制具有积极作用。中药成分可能通过调节免疫反应和抗炎路径,降低这些炎症标志物的水平[22-24]。黄芪具有补气固表,利水托毒的作用,可以增强机体免疫力,改善肾脏的微循环。黄连具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒的功效,适用于治疗由湿热引起的尿路感染和炎症,有助于改善糖尿病肾病的病理状态。黄精具有滋阴补肾的效果,适用于肾阴虚的治疗;泽泻利水渗湿,可帮助缓解水肿;丹参活血化瘀,改善血液循环,对心脑血管保护作用显著;水蛭破血散瘀,用于治疗血瘀症状;虎杖清热解毒,利湿退黄,有助于减轻黄疸和炎症。中医证候的显著改善说明了三黄糖肾康在改善患者整体状况和生活质量方面的潜在效用。这可能与其在调节体内气血平衡、改善微循环和增强机体抗病能力方面的作用有关。治疗气虚血瘀型DN的机制可能涉及多个方面,三黄糖肾康可能通过改善内皮功能和降低血管紧张素Ⅱ水平,优化肾脏微循环[25-26]。该药物组合通过抗氧化、抗炎作用,可能减少自由基的产生和炎症介质的活性,从而保护肾脏免受进一步损伤。通过改善血液黏稠度和抗凝血状态,可能有助于防止微血管病变的进一步发展。
总之,三黄糖肾康联合达格列净不仅在临床上显示出改善DN的显著效果,其作用机制的多样性也为临床提供了更广泛的治疗选择,值得进一步研究和应用。
  • 浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(LHDMZ23H310001)
  • 台州市第二批社会发展科技计划项目(21ywb72)
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.045
  • 首发时间:2026-04-29
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浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(LHDMZ23H310001)
台州市第二批社会发展科技计划项目(21ywb72)
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    台州市中医院,浙江 台州 318000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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