Article(id=1256183402349343309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1256183358493679805, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1777427061878, onlineDateStr=2026-04-29, pubDate=1765296000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777427061878, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777427061878, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777427061878, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256183358493679805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777427051344, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777427760067, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256186331126969089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1256183358493679805, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256186331126969090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1256183358493679805, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=60, endPage=67, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256183406388458087, articleId=1256183402349343309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Exploring Effect of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction(补中益气汤)on Abnormal Autophagy of Hippocampal Neurons in Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model Mice Based on miR-190b/PHLPP1/AKT/FOXO3a Pathway, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the effect of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction(补中益气汤)on abnormal autophagy of hippocampal neurons in autoimmune thyroiditis(AIT)modelmice based on themiR-190b/Pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase(PHLPP1)/protein kinase B(AKT)/Forkhead BoxO3a(FOXO3a)pathway.

Method

Fifty female NOD.H-2h4 mice were randomly divided into blank control group(CG group),model group(MG group),low,medium and high dose groups of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction(BG-1,BG-2,BG-3 groups),with 10 mice in each group.The AITmodelwas established through pig thyroglobulin inductionmethod.After successfulmodeling,the BG-1,BG-2 and BG-3 groups were given 2.73,8.19 and 24.57 g/(kg·d)Buzhong Yiqi Decoction by gavage,respectively.The CG and MG groups were given an equal amount of distilled water by gavage,with a rest of1 day every 6 days for 8 consecutive weeks.Morriswatermaze experiment was used to test the spatial learning and memory abilities of mice.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of serum triiodothyronine(T3),tetraiodothyronine(T4),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)and thyroglobulin antibody(TgAb)in mice.Hematoxylin eosin(HE)stainingmethod was used to observe the morphological changes of mouse thyroid tissue.Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons in mice.Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the positive expression of LC3 in the hippocampal CA1 region of mouse brain tissue.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect the expressions ofmiR-190b-5p and PHLPP1 mRNA in mouse hippocampal tissue.The Wes fully automated Western blot quantitative analysis system detected the protein levels of Beclin1,LC3,P62,PHLPP1,AKT,p-AKT,FOXO3a and p-FOXO3a inmouse hippocampal tissue.The dual luciferase reporter gene experiment confirmed the targeting relationship bet weenmiR-190b-5p and PHLPP1.

Results

Compared with those of the CG group,the escape latency of MG group was significantly prolonged(P<0.01),and the number of crossing platforms and target quadrant residence time were significantly reduced(P<0.01).The serum TgAb content significantly increased(P<0.01).The size of thyroid follicles varies,and there was a large amount of lymphocyte infiltration in the stroma of follicles and damaged hippocampal neuronal structure with the appearance of autophagosomes.The average fluorescence intensity of LC3 in hippocampal CA1 region increased(P<0.01).The expression levels of Beclin1,LC3,PHLPP1 and FOXO3a proteins in hippocampal tissue increased,while the expression levels of P62,p-AKT/AKT and p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a proteins decreased(P<0.01).ThemiR-190b-5p level in hippocampal tissue decreased,while the PHLPP1mRNA level increased(P<0.01).Compared with the MG group,the BG-1,BG-2 and BG-3 groups significantly shortened the escape latency ofmice(P<0.05,P<0.01),and increased the number of times they crossed the platform and the target quadrant residence time(P<0.01).The structure of thyroid follicular epithelial cells was relatively intact,and the infiltration of lymphocytes significantly improved.The morphology and structure of hippocampalneurons recovered,and autophagosomes decreased.The average fluorescence intensity of LC3 in hippocampal CA1 region decreased(P<0.01).The expression levels of Beclin1,LC3,PHLPP1 and FOXO3a proteins in mouse hippocampal tissue decreased,while the expression levels of P62,p-AKT/AKT and p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a proteins increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).ThemiR-190b-5p level in hippocampal tissue increased,while the PHLPP1 mRNA level significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The dual luciferase assay confirmed that PHLPP1 was a targeted regulatorymolecule of miR-190b-5p.

Conclusion

Buzhong Yiqi Decoction may improve abnormal autophagy in hippocampal neurons of AITmice by regulating themiR-190b/PHLPP1/AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathway,thereby reducing hippocampal neuronal damage and alleviating cognitive dysfunction.

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目的

基于miR-190b/Pleckstrin同源结构域和富亮氨酸重复蛋白磷酸酶(Pleckstrin homology domain leucinerich repeat protein phosphatase,PHLPP1)/蛋白激酶B(Protein kinase B,AKT)/叉形头转录因O亚型3a(Forkhead BoxO3a,FOXO3a)通路探究补中益气汤对自身免疫性甲状腺炎(Autoimmune thyroiditis,AIT)模型小鼠海马神经元异常自噬的影响。

方法

50只雌性NOD.H-2h4小鼠随机分为空白对照组(CG组)、模型组(MG组)、补中益气汤低、中、高剂量组(BG-1、BG-2、BG-3组),每组10只。通过猪甲状腺球蛋白诱导法建立AIT模型,造模成功后,BG-1、BG-2、BG-3组分别予2.73、8.19、24.57 g/kg·d补中益气汤中药灌胃,CG组、MG组予等量蒸馏水灌胃,每灌胃6 d休息1 d,连续8周。Morris水迷宫实验检测小鼠空间学习记忆能力;酶联免疫吸附测定法(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测小鼠血清三碘甲腺原氨酸(Triiodothyronine,T3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(Tetraiodothyronine,T4)、促甲状腺激素(Thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(Thyroglobulin antibody,TgAb)水平;苏木素伊红(Hematoxylin eosin,HE)染色法观察小鼠甲状腺组织形态变化;透射电子显微镜观察小鼠海马神经元超微结构;免疫荧光染色法观察小鼠脑组织海马CA1区LC3阳性表达;逆转录聚合酶链式反应(Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)法检测小鼠海马组织miR-190b-5p、PHLPP1 mRNA表达;Wes全自动蛋白印迹定量分析系统检测小鼠海马组织Beclin1、LC3、P62、PHLPP1、AKT、p-AKT、FOXO3a、p-FOXO3a蛋白水平;双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-190b-5p与PHLPP1靶向关系。

结果

与CG组比较,MG组小鼠逃避潜伏期明显延长(P<0.01),穿越平台次数和目标象限停留时间均显著降低(P<0.01);血清TgAb含量显著升高(P<0.01);甲状腺滤泡大小不等,滤泡内间质有大量淋巴细胞浸润;海马神经元结构受损,出现自噬小体;海马CA1区LC3平均荧光强度增加(P<0.01);海马组织Beclin1、LC3、PHLPP1、FOXO3a蛋白表达水平增高,P62、p-AKT/AKT、p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.01);海马组织miR-190b-5p水平降低,PHLPP1 mRNA水平增高(P<0.01)。与MG组相比,中药各组可使小鼠逃避潜伏期显著缩短(P<0.05,P<0.01),穿越平台次数和目标象限停留时间增加(P<0.01);血清TgAb水平显著降低(P<0.01);甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞结构较为完整,淋巴细胞浸润情况明显缓解;海马神经元细胞形态结构恢复,自噬小体减少;海马CA1区LC3平均荧光强度均降低(P<0.01);小鼠海马组织Beclin1、LC3、PHLPP1、FOXO3a蛋白表达水平降低,P62、p-AKT/AKT、p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);海马组织miR-190b-5p水平升高,PHLPP1 mRNA水平显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。双荧光素酶实验证实PHLPP1是miR-190b-5p的靶向调控分子。

结论

补中益气汤可能通过调控miR-190b/PHLPP1/AKT/FOXO3a信号通路改善AIT小鼠海马神经元异常自噬,从而减轻海马神经元损伤,缓解认知功能损伤。

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高天舒(1967-),男,辽宁沈阳人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医防治内分泌及代谢性疾病。E-mail:
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刘晓炜(1995-),女,山东淄博人,医师,博士,研究方向:中医防治内分泌及代谢性疾病。

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Brain Res20171670:191-200., articleTitle=miRNAsmay regulate GABAergic transmission associated genes in aged rats with anesthetics-induced recognition and workingmemory dysfunction, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1256183477268001171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, awardId=82174359; 81874441, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(82174359; 81874441), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1256183478585012638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, awardId=沈科发〔2018〕75号, language=CN, fundingSource=沈阳市临床医学研究中心项目(沈科发〔2018〕75号), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1256183479449039272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, awardId=院ZZ2024011, language=CN, fundingSource=天津中医药大学第一附属医院“拓新工程”基金科研项目(院ZZ2024011), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1256183433282335622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256183433416553354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, companyId=1256183433282335622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110847,Liaoning,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256183434054087565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, companyId=1256183433282335622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847)]), AuthorCompany(id=1256183434905531285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256183435048137624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, companyId=1256183434905531285, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 300381,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256183435522093979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, companyId=1256183434905531285, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.天津中医药大学第一附属医院,天津 300381)]), AuthorCompany(id=1256183436247708582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256183436289651624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, companyId=1256183436247708582, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110032,Liaoning,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256183436583252905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, companyId=1256183436247708582, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.辽宁中医药大学附属医院,辽宁 沈阳 110032)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1256183456539750555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=cTRhK7ZZAxJuDiUKhgw0bA==, figureFileBig=6wbrchYfH87Ly73B7dXs/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183456766242973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各组小鼠甲状腺功能及抗体水平(n=6,

注:##与CG组比较,P<0.01;**与MG组比较,P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=cTRhK7ZZAxJuDiUKhgw0bA==, figureFileBig=6wbrchYfH87Ly73B7dXs/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183458859200699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=quZx2WvysZaAOysMvzYv7A==, figureFileBig=Kdvbn0w4OnW/X80jlkNWrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183459408654537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组小鼠甲状腺组织形态(HE,×400), figureFileSmall=quZx2WvysZaAOysMvzYv7A==, figureFileBig=Kdvbn0w4OnW/X80jlkNWrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183460075548885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=NZ1fgNT8WKENKOxgYw4HhA==, figureFileBig=Y+tWwYc5ednl4/XeDh5Kqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183460692111581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各组小鼠Morris水迷宫实验结果(n=8,

注:##与CG组比较,P<0.01;*与MG组比较,P<0.05;**与MG组比较,P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=NZ1fgNT8WKENKOxgYw4HhA==, figureFileBig=Y+tWwYc5ednl4/XeDh5Kqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183461820379372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=LAA/LkOdk9G4GuopTpeEkA==, figureFileBig=POjDfpP0qKvABnM9YzPcPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183462655045881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各组小鼠海马CA1区神经元超微结构(透射电镜,×8000), figureFileSmall=LAA/LkOdk9G4GuopTpeEkA==, figureFileBig=POjDfpP0qKvABnM9YzPcPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183463900754186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=138BIyq7sfIzQyLZbELaLg==, figureFileBig=/nujCZ243XkIhxKw9u22mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183464676700431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各组小鼠海马CA1区LC3平均荧光强度(n=3,

注:##与CG组比较,P<0.01;**与MG组比较,P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=138BIyq7sfIzQyLZbELaLg==, figureFileBig=/nujCZ243XkIhxKw9u22mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183465280680215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=MeMoJFSoTS4n0UYkDh3Hgg==, figureFileBig=23G4NS1vth3cA5+D7eYzxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183466119541027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=CN, label=图6, caption=各组小鼠海马组织Beclin1、LC3、P62蛋白表达水平

注:##与CG组比较,P<0.01;*与MG组比较,P<0.05;**与MG组比较,P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=MeMoJFSoTS4n0UYkDh3Hgg==, figureFileBig=23G4NS1vth3cA5+D7eYzxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183466794823980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=sGinxrLh40XOuEUsEZQ1AA==, figureFileBig=FSyWEtNk0dt/BlNzZwjN0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183467658850611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各组小鼠海马组织PHLPP1/AKT/FOXO3a信号通路相关蛋白表达水平(n=3,

注:##与CG组比较,P<0.01;*与MG组比较,P<0.05;**与MG组比较,P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=sGinxrLh40XOuEUsEZQ1AA==, figureFileBig=FSyWEtNk0dt/BlNzZwjN0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183468657094975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=YZN3MlCJKgXXJ3+UxcJBJg==, figureFileBig=2HAmFKGOq0qNISEzXTvtIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183469714059596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=CN, label=图8, caption=各组小鼠海马组织miR-190b-5p、PHLPP1 mRNA表达水平(n=3,

注:##与CG组比较,P<0.01;*与MG组比较,P<0.05;**与MG组比较,P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=YZN3MlCJKgXXJ3+UxcJBJg==, figureFileBig=2HAmFKGOq0qNISEzXTvtIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183470561309010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=DI/6/XmoPpLBTO+3SM5LFw==, figureFileBig=+Cs4dxnhaJSJ8AzG23Lw+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183472058675548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=CN, label=图9, caption=miR-190b-5p和PHLPP1的预测结合位点, figureFileSmall=DI/6/XmoPpLBTO+3SM5LFw==, figureFileBig=+Cs4dxnhaJSJ8AzG23Lw+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183472666849637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=IHYNG/Vx3kTLqMRpNR2pog==, figureFileBig=8TyM/RzPfd/veF1owqVCDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183473509904746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=CN, label=图10, caption=双荧光素酶报告实验检测miR-190b-5p和PHLPP1相互作用

注:##与PHLPP1 WT+NCmimics组比较,P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=IHYNG/Vx3kTLqMRpNR2pog==, figureFileBig=8TyM/RzPfd/veF1owqVCDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183474772390260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称引物序列片段长度/(bp)
miR-190b-5pF:ACACTCCAGCTGGGTGATATGTTTGATATT66
R:TGGTGTCGTGGAGTCG
PHLPP1F:CCAGTGAACCGATGGACAAGA213
R:CTCCGTGAAAGTATCAAAGCAGA
U6F:CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACA136
R:AACGCTTCACGAATTTGCGT
β-actinF:GTGACGTTGACATCCGTAAAGA287
R:GTAACAGTCCGCCTAGAAGCAC
), ArticleFig(id=1256183476101984644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183402349343309, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称引物序列片段长度/(bp)
miR-190b-5pF:ACACTCCAGCTGGGTGATATGTTTGATATT66
R:TGGTGTCGTGGAGTCG
PHLPP1F:CCAGTGAACCGATGGACAAGA213
R:CTCCGTGAAAGTATCAAAGCAGA
U6F:CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACA136
R:AACGCTTCACGAATTTGCGT
β-actinF:GTGACGTTGACATCCGTAAAGA287
R:GTAACAGTCCGCCTAGAAGCAC
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基于miR-190b/PHLPP1/AKT/FOXO3a通路探究补中益气汤对自身免疫性甲状腺炎模型小鼠海马神经元异常自噬的影响
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刘晓炜 1, 2 , 高天舒 3
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(12): 60-67
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中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025, 43(12): 60-67
基于miR-190b/PHLPP1/AKT/FOXO3a通路探究补中益气汤对自身免疫性甲状腺炎模型小鼠海马神经元异常自噬的影响
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刘晓炜1, 2, 高天舒3
作者信息
  • 1.辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847
  • 2.天津中医药大学第一附属医院,天津 300381
  • 3.辽宁中医药大学附属医院,辽宁 沈阳 110032
  • 刘晓炜(1995-),女,山东淄博人,医师,博士,研究方向:中医防治内分泌及代谢性疾病。

通讯作者:

高天舒(1967-),男,辽宁沈阳人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医防治内分泌及代谢性疾病。E-mail:
Exploring Effect of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction(补中益气汤)on Abnormal Autophagy of Hippocampal Neurons in Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model Mice Based on miR-190b/PHLPP1/AKT/FOXO3a Pathway
Xiaowei LIU1, 2, Tianshu GAO3
Affiliations
  • 1.Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110847,Liaoning,China
  • 2.The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 300381,China
  • 3.Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110032,Liaoning,China
出版时间: 2025-12-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.010
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目的

基于miR-190b/Pleckstrin同源结构域和富亮氨酸重复蛋白磷酸酶(Pleckstrin homology domain leucinerich repeat protein phosphatase,PHLPP1)/蛋白激酶B(Protein kinase B,AKT)/叉形头转录因O亚型3a(Forkhead BoxO3a,FOXO3a)通路探究补中益气汤对自身免疫性甲状腺炎(Autoimmune thyroiditis,AIT)模型小鼠海马神经元异常自噬的影响。

方法

50只雌性NOD.H-2h4小鼠随机分为空白对照组(CG组)、模型组(MG组)、补中益气汤低、中、高剂量组(BG-1、BG-2、BG-3组),每组10只。通过猪甲状腺球蛋白诱导法建立AIT模型,造模成功后,BG-1、BG-2、BG-3组分别予2.73、8.19、24.57 g/kg·d补中益气汤中药灌胃,CG组、MG组予等量蒸馏水灌胃,每灌胃6 d休息1 d,连续8周。Morris水迷宫实验检测小鼠空间学习记忆能力;酶联免疫吸附测定法(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测小鼠血清三碘甲腺原氨酸(Triiodothyronine,T3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(Tetraiodothyronine,T4)、促甲状腺激素(Thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(Thyroglobulin antibody,TgAb)水平;苏木素伊红(Hematoxylin eosin,HE)染色法观察小鼠甲状腺组织形态变化;透射电子显微镜观察小鼠海马神经元超微结构;免疫荧光染色法观察小鼠脑组织海马CA1区LC3阳性表达;逆转录聚合酶链式反应(Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)法检测小鼠海马组织miR-190b-5p、PHLPP1 mRNA表达;Wes全自动蛋白印迹定量分析系统检测小鼠海马组织Beclin1、LC3、P62、PHLPP1、AKT、p-AKT、FOXO3a、p-FOXO3a蛋白水平;双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-190b-5p与PHLPP1靶向关系。

结果

与CG组比较,MG组小鼠逃避潜伏期明显延长(P<0.01),穿越平台次数和目标象限停留时间均显著降低(P<0.01);血清TgAb含量显著升高(P<0.01);甲状腺滤泡大小不等,滤泡内间质有大量淋巴细胞浸润;海马神经元结构受损,出现自噬小体;海马CA1区LC3平均荧光强度增加(P<0.01);海马组织Beclin1、LC3、PHLPP1、FOXO3a蛋白表达水平增高,P62、p-AKT/AKT、p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.01);海马组织miR-190b-5p水平降低,PHLPP1 mRNA水平增高(P<0.01)。与MG组相比,中药各组可使小鼠逃避潜伏期显著缩短(P<0.05,P<0.01),穿越平台次数和目标象限停留时间增加(P<0.01);血清TgAb水平显著降低(P<0.01);甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞结构较为完整,淋巴细胞浸润情况明显缓解;海马神经元细胞形态结构恢复,自噬小体减少;海马CA1区LC3平均荧光强度均降低(P<0.01);小鼠海马组织Beclin1、LC3、PHLPP1、FOXO3a蛋白表达水平降低,P62、p-AKT/AKT、p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);海马组织miR-190b-5p水平升高,PHLPP1 mRNA水平显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。双荧光素酶实验证实PHLPP1是miR-190b-5p的靶向调控分子。

结论

补中益气汤可能通过调控miR-190b/PHLPP1/AKT/FOXO3a信号通路改善AIT小鼠海马神经元异常自噬,从而减轻海马神经元损伤,缓解认知功能损伤。

自身免疫性甲状腺炎  /  认知损伤  /  补中益气汤  /  自噬  /  miR-190b  /  PHLPP1/AKT/FOXO3a
Objective

To explore the effect of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction(补中益气汤)on abnormal autophagy of hippocampal neurons in autoimmune thyroiditis(AIT)modelmice based on themiR-190b/Pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase(PHLPP1)/protein kinase B(AKT)/Forkhead BoxO3a(FOXO3a)pathway.

Method

Fifty female NOD.H-2h4 mice were randomly divided into blank control group(CG group),model group(MG group),low,medium and high dose groups of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction(BG-1,BG-2,BG-3 groups),with 10 mice in each group.The AITmodelwas established through pig thyroglobulin inductionmethod.After successfulmodeling,the BG-1,BG-2 and BG-3 groups were given 2.73,8.19 and 24.57 g/(kg·d)Buzhong Yiqi Decoction by gavage,respectively.The CG and MG groups were given an equal amount of distilled water by gavage,with a rest of1 day every 6 days for 8 consecutive weeks.Morriswatermaze experiment was used to test the spatial learning and memory abilities of mice.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of serum triiodothyronine(T3),tetraiodothyronine(T4),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)and thyroglobulin antibody(TgAb)in mice.Hematoxylin eosin(HE)stainingmethod was used to observe the morphological changes of mouse thyroid tissue.Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons in mice.Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the positive expression of LC3 in the hippocampal CA1 region of mouse brain tissue.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect the expressions ofmiR-190b-5p and PHLPP1 mRNA in mouse hippocampal tissue.The Wes fully automated Western blot quantitative analysis system detected the protein levels of Beclin1,LC3,P62,PHLPP1,AKT,p-AKT,FOXO3a and p-FOXO3a inmouse hippocampal tissue.The dual luciferase reporter gene experiment confirmed the targeting relationship bet weenmiR-190b-5p and PHLPP1.

Results

Compared with those of the CG group,the escape latency of MG group was significantly prolonged(P<0.01),and the number of crossing platforms and target quadrant residence time were significantly reduced(P<0.01).The serum TgAb content significantly increased(P<0.01).The size of thyroid follicles varies,and there was a large amount of lymphocyte infiltration in the stroma of follicles and damaged hippocampal neuronal structure with the appearance of autophagosomes.The average fluorescence intensity of LC3 in hippocampal CA1 region increased(P<0.01).The expression levels of Beclin1,LC3,PHLPP1 and FOXO3a proteins in hippocampal tissue increased,while the expression levels of P62,p-AKT/AKT and p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a proteins decreased(P<0.01).ThemiR-190b-5p level in hippocampal tissue decreased,while the PHLPP1mRNA level increased(P<0.01).Compared with the MG group,the BG-1,BG-2 and BG-3 groups significantly shortened the escape latency ofmice(P<0.05,P<0.01),and increased the number of times they crossed the platform and the target quadrant residence time(P<0.01).The structure of thyroid follicular epithelial cells was relatively intact,and the infiltration of lymphocytes significantly improved.The morphology and structure of hippocampalneurons recovered,and autophagosomes decreased.The average fluorescence intensity of LC3 in hippocampal CA1 region decreased(P<0.01).The expression levels of Beclin1,LC3,PHLPP1 and FOXO3a proteins in mouse hippocampal tissue decreased,while the expression levels of P62,p-AKT/AKT and p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a proteins increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).ThemiR-190b-5p level in hippocampal tissue increased,while the PHLPP1 mRNA level significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The dual luciferase assay confirmed that PHLPP1 was a targeted regulatorymolecule of miR-190b-5p.

Conclusion

Buzhong Yiqi Decoction may improve abnormal autophagy in hippocampal neurons of AITmice by regulating themiR-190b/PHLPP1/AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathway,thereby reducing hippocampal neuronal damage and alleviating cognitive dysfunction.

autoimmune thyroiditis  /  cognitive impairment  /  Buzhong Yiqi Decoction(补中益气汤)  /  autophagy  /  MiR-190b  /  PHLPP1/AKT/FOXO3a
刘晓炜, 高天舒. 基于miR-190b/PHLPP1/AKT/FOXO3a通路探究补中益气汤对自身免疫性甲状腺炎模型小鼠海马神经元异常自噬的影响. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (12) : 60 -67 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.010
Xiaowei LIU, Tianshu GAO. Exploring Effect of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction(补中益气汤)on Abnormal Autophagy of Hippocampal Neurons in Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model Mice Based on miR-190b/PHLPP1/AKT/FOXO3a Pathway[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (12) : 60 -67 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.010
自身免疫性甲状腺炎(Autoimmune thyroiditis,AIT)是一种常见的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病,以甲状腺淋巴细胞浸润和血清中特异性甲状腺自身抗体主要是甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(Thyroid peroxidase antibody,TPOAb)及甲状腺球蛋白抗体(Thyroglobulin antibody,TgAb)的升高为主要特征。AIT发病率逐年增高,我国成人甲状腺自身抗体阳性总体患病率为14.19%[1]。自身免疫甲状腺炎相关类固醇激素反应性脑病(Steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis,SREAT)源于Lord Brain在1966年首次报道的一例以卒中样发作、精神错乱为主要表现病例,被认为是AIT累及中枢神经系统所致的最严重并发症[2],其发病机制未明。近年来多项研究表明即使在甲功正常AIT患者中仍然存在着广泛的脑功能障碍、认知功能损伤,主要表现为总体认知功能、持续注意力、执行能力、语音流畅性、焦虑抑郁评分等明显下降[3-4]。糖皮质激素是SREAT的治疗首选,但综合考虑药物长期应用的获益风险比,并不适宜在AIT轻度认知损伤患者中推广应用[5]。目前,有效改善AIT认知损伤的药物尚未发现。
神经元自噬是造成神经元细胞受损的主要原因之一,现阶段已在认知障碍类疾病研究中取得突破性进展,与阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、糖尿病认知功能障碍及血管性痴呆等疾病的发生密切关联[6-9],但在AIT模型中未见报道。课题组前期临床研究发现补中益气汤加减治疗甲功正常AIT轻度认知损伤患者可明显降低其甲状腺自身抗体水平,提高蒙特利尔认知评估量表评分,改善认知功能[10];实验研究证实该方可通过上调海马miRNA132、miRNA212水平,调节BDNF及Trkb表达,激活细胞外蛋白调节激酶ERK1/2,或通过调节Th17/Treg轴相关因子表达,减轻微血管炎症,从而改善甲状腺相关认知损伤[11-12]。本研究以NOD.H-2h4转基因小鼠为研究对象,基于细胞自噬途径,从miR-190b/Pleckstrin同源结构域和富亮氨酸重复蛋白磷酸酶(Pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase,PHLPP1)/蛋白激酶B(Protein kinase B,AKT)/叉形头转录因O亚型3a(Forkhead BoxO3a,FOXO3a)自噬信号通路为切入点,探讨补中益气汤改善AIT致认知损伤的潜在机制。
种鼠为美国Jackson实验室引进的NOD.H-2h4小鼠(品系号:004447,动物合格证编号:2211A01937),体质量20~25 g,6~8周龄。于辽宁中医药大学动物实验中心SPF级实验室进行交配繁育饲养[实验单位使用许可证号:SYXK(辽)2013-0009],饲养环境适宜。本实验经辽宁中医药大学伦理委员会批准,伦理审查编号:21000042022105。
补中益气汤(参照李东垣《内外伤辨惑论·卷中》):黄芪18 g(批号:22202191),甘草9 g(批号:2109111),人参6 g(批号:2203281),升麻6 g(批号:2204291),柴胡6 g(批号:2112013),陈皮6 g(批号:2211293),当归3 g(批号:2208102),白术9 g(批号:2205102)。上述中药饮片,购于辽宁中医药大学附属医院中药局,经辽宁中医药大学附属医院高天舒教授鉴定,符合2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》要求。按国家炮制标准进行炮制后,原药材加5倍量双蒸水,煎煮2次,合并滤液,100℃恒温水浴加热浓缩,浓缩配成含生药浓度为2.0 g/mL的汤剂。
猪甲状腺球蛋白(Pig thyroglobulin,pTg,货号QA052105,安徽酷尔生物工程有限公司);弗氏完全佐剂(Freund's complete adjuvant,CFA,货号F5881,美国Sigma公司);弗氏不完全佐剂(Freund's incomplete adjuvant,IFA,货号F5506,美国Sigma公司);小鼠三碘甲腺原氨酸(Triiodothyronine,T3)酶联免疫吸附测定法(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)试剂盒、小鼠四碘甲状腺原氨酸(Tetraiodothyronine,T4)ELISA试剂盒、小鼠促甲状腺激素(Thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)ELISA试剂盒、小鼠甲状腺球蛋白抗体(Thyroglobulin antibody,TgAb)ELISA 试剂盒(货号EU0403、EU0402、EM1433、EM1402,武汉菲恩生物科技有限公司);苏木素伊红(Hematoxylin eosin,HE)染色试剂盒(货号C0105S,上海碧云天生物技术有限公司);Beclin 1 Polyclonal antibody、LC3 Polyclonal antibody、P62,SQSTM1 Polyclonal antibody、PHLPP Polyclonal antibody、AKT Polyclonal antibody、Phospho- AKT(Ser473)Polyclonal antibody、FOXO3A Polyclonal antibody、Beta Actin Polyclonal antibody(货号11306-1-AP、14600-1-AP、18420-1-AP、22789-1-AP、10176-2-AP、28731-1-AP、10849-1-AP、81115-1-RR,武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司);Phospho-FOXO3A(Ser253)Antibody(货号AF3020,美国Affinity Biosciences公司);兔抗检测试剂盒、蛋白质分离试剂盒(货号DM-001、SM-W,美国Protein Simple公司);双荧光素酶报告基因检测试剂盒(货号RG027,上海碧云天生物技术有限公司)。
多功能酶标仪(美国Molecular Devices公司),光学显微镜(德国Leica公司),PCR仪(美国Applied Biosystems公司),全自动蛋白分析系统(美国Protein Simple公司),倒置荧光显微镜(德国ZEISS公司),动物运动轨迹跟踪系统(荷兰NOLDUS),透射电子显微镜(日本HITACHI公司)。
将50只8周龄雌性NOD.H-2h4小鼠采用随机数字表法分为5组:空白对照组(CG组)、模型组(MG组)、补中益气汤低、中、高剂量组(BG-1、BG-2、BG-3组),每组10只。参照既往文献[13-15],选用pTg(25 μg/只)联合弗氏佐剂多点(背部、颈部、尾部)皮下注射免疫诱导法进行AIT造模。MG、BG-1、BG-2、BG-3组小鼠予pTg-CFA乳化剂皮下多点注射行初次免疫,2周后再予等体积pTg-IFA乳化剂行加强免疫,4周后建立AIT动物模型。同时用磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)代替pTg处理的小鼠作为CG组。AIT模型建立后进行灌胃给药处理。小鼠按人体公斤体质量(g/kg)每日用药量的9.1倍计算[16],相当于人的等效剂量,得出BG-2组给药量为8.19 g/(kg· d),BG-1组和BG-3组给药量分别设为2.73 g/(kg·d)和24.57 g/(kg·d),CG组及MG组每日灌服等体积双蒸水,各组每日灌服1次,每灌胃6 d,休息1 d,连续8周。
包括5 d的定位航行实验和1 d的空间探索实验。(1)定位航行实验:将水迷宫水池等分为4个象限,把平台置于第四象限(目标象限)。将小鼠头朝池壁分别从4个象限放入水中,记录其在60 s内找到平台的时间(即逃避潜伏期),并停留10 s;60 s内未找到平台的小鼠记逃避潜伏期为60 s,并引导其到达平台停留10 s。(2)空间探索实验:第6天把平台撤除,将小鼠由目标象限的对侧放入水中,记录小鼠在60 s内穿越原平台区域次数及在目标象限停留时间。
按照50 mg/kg标准腹腔注射1%戊巴比妥钠溶液麻醉,摘眼球取血,3000 r/min,4℃,15 min离心分离血清。严格按照ELISA试剂盒说明书进行操作。
麻醉后处死小鼠,冰上取甲状腺组织放入4%多聚甲醛固定,经脱水、透明、包埋,制作石蜡切片。切片经脱蜡、水化后,用苏木精、伊红染液进行染色,再经脱水、透明后,用中性树胶封片,于光学显微镜下观察甲状腺组织形态学变化。
冰上分离海马组织,切割成1 mm3大小组织块,置于2.5%戊二醛预固定,1%锇酸再固定,经室温脱水、包埋后行超薄切片(厚度70 nm),醋酸铀和枸橼酸铅溶液染色,于透射电子显微镜下观察海马神经元超微结构。
冰上取脑组织制备石蜡切片,经脱蜡、水化、抗原修复、5%血清封闭后,滴加LC3抗体(1∶250)孵育过夜,洗涤后滴加FITC标记的羊抗兔IgG二抗(1∶250)避光孵育,洗涤后滴加DAPI染液复染细胞核,PBS洗涤3次,避光封片,荧光显微镜下观察并采集图像。
采用Trizol法提取小鼠海马组织总RNA,逆转录得到cDNA,以U6和β-actin分别作为miR-190b-5p、PHLPP1内参完成PCR扩增(反应条件:95℃、1 min,95℃、15 s,60℃、30 s,72℃、1 min,共40个循环)。采用2-ΔΔCT法计算各组基因相对表达量。引物序列见表1
Beclin1、LC3、P62、PHLPP1、AKT、p-AKT、FOXO3a、p-FOXO3a蛋白水平 采用RIPA裂解液裂解并提取小鼠海马组织总蛋白,BCA试剂盒测定蛋白浓度。不同样品上样量均为4.5μL(包括5×Master Mix 0.9μL,待检样品与0.1×Sample Buffer合为3.6μL),95℃、5 min变性。样品制备完毕,按照样品、封闭液、一抗、二抗、发光液及清洗缓冲液的顺序分别加入板内,机器自检后分别放入毛细管芯及板子,设计板子布局,开始检测,150 min完成检测,进行结果分析。
构建PHLPP1野生型与突变型质粒,即PHLPP1 3’UTR-WT、PHLPP1 3’UTR-MT,在293T细胞中将其分别与miR-190b-5p mimic与NC mimic共转染,即分为PHLPP1WT+NC mimics组、PHLPP1 WT+miR-190b-5p组、PHLPP1 MT+NCmimics组、PHLPP1 MT+miR-190b-5p组。双荧光素酶报告基因检测试剂盒检测各组细胞荧光素酶活性。
采用GraphPad Prism 9.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料用均数±标准差()表示,组间比较若满足正态分布且方差齐时采用单因素方差分析;不满足正态分布或方差不齐时采用非参数检验。以P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
与CG组比较,MG组小鼠血清TgAb含量显著升高(P<0.01),证明AIT造模成功。与MG组比较,中药各剂量组(BG-1、BG-2、BG-3组)小鼠血清TgAb水平显著降低(P<0.01),其中以BG-2组降低效果最为明显。与MG组相比,其余各组小鼠血清T3、T4、TSH水平差异无统计学意义。见图1
CG组甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞结构完整,大小均一,形态呈圆形或长扁形,排列紧密,无淋巴细胞浸润。MG组甲状腺滤泡大小不等,滤泡上皮细胞呈长立方形,多数滤泡腔内充满胶质,少数滤泡腔内胶质不均匀分布,滤泡分散排列,滤泡内间质有大量淋巴细胞浸润,进一步证明AIT模型成功。中药各剂量组(BG-1、BG-2、BG-3组)甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞结构较为完整,胶质含量减少,且甲状腺淋巴细胞浸润情况均较MG组明显缓解,其中BG-2组相较于BG-3组、BG-1组甲状腺组织淋巴细胞浸润面积均明显降低。见插页ⅩⅫ图2
与CG组相比,MG组小鼠逃避潜伏期明显延长(P<0.01),穿越平台次数和目标象限停留时间均显著降低(P<0.01),证明AIT小鼠空间学习记忆能力减退。与MG组相比,中药各剂量组(BG-1、BG-2、BG-3组)小鼠逃避潜伏期均显著缩短(P<0.05,P<0.01),穿越平台次数和目标象限停留时间增加,其中BG-2组增加最为显著(P<0.01)。见插页ⅩⅩⅢ图3
CG组小鼠海马组织神经元超微结构良好,线粒体结构清晰且完整,基质密度均匀,胞膜连续完整,粗面内质网结构完整,细胞质状态清晰,无明显自噬小体的出现。MG组小鼠海马组织神经元结构受损,线粒体数目减少,基质有空泡,出现许多双层膜的液泡状结构,内含胞浆成分的自噬小体。与MG组相比,中药各剂量组(BG-1、BG-2、BG-3组)小鼠海马神经元细胞形态结构恢复,线粒体数量增多,基质丰富,自噬小体减少。见插页ⅩⅩⅣ图4
与CG组相比,MG组小鼠海马CA1区LC3平均荧光强度增加(P<0.01)。与MG组比较,中药各剂量组(BG-1、BG-2、BG-3组)小鼠海马CA1区LC3平均荧光强度均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。见插页ⅩⅩⅤ图5
与CG组相比,MG组小鼠海马组织Beclin1、LC3蛋白表达水平增高,P62蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.01)。与MG组比较,中药各剂量组(BG-1、BG-2、BG-3组)小鼠海马组织Beclin1、LC3蛋白表达水平降低,P62蛋白表达水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。见图6
与CG 组相比,MG 组小鼠海马组织PHLPP1、FOXO3a蛋白表达水平增高,p-AKT/AKT、p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.01)。与MG组比较,中药各剂量组(BG-1、BG-2、BG-3组)小鼠海马组织PHLPP1、FOXO3a蛋白表达水平均降低,p-AKT/AKT、p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a蛋白表达水平均升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),其中仅BG-1组在PHLPP1蛋白表达及BG-1、BG-3组在p-AKT/AKT蛋白表达水平上与MG组差异无统计学意义(P=0.8)。见图7
与CG组相比,MG组小鼠海马组织miR-190b-5p水平降低,PHLPP1 mRNA水平增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与MG组比较,中药各剂量组(BG-1、BG-2、BG-3组)小鼠海马组织miR-190b-5p水平升高,PHLPP1 mRNA水平显著降低,其中以BG-2组改变更为显著(P<0.05,P<0.01)。见图8
使用TargetScan数据库进行预测得到的miR-190b-5p和PHLPP1之间的结合位点见图9。采用双荧光素酶报告实验对两者预测的靶向关系进行验证。与PHLPP1-WT共转染后,miR-190b-5p mimic组双荧光素酶活性较miR-NC组显著降低(P<0.01);与PHLPP1-MT共转染后,miR-190b-5p mimic组与miR-NC组双荧光素酶活性差异无统计学意义(P=0.99)。表明miR-190b-5p和PHLPP1具备靶向调节的关系。见图10
AIT致认知损伤归属中医“瘿病”合并“善忘”“健忘”范畴。《灵枢·本神》云“脾藏营,营舍意”,脾气健运则精微化生有源,清气上行,髓海充盛,人体思维活动敏捷、记而不忘,认知功能正常[17]。AIT机体脾气亏虚,水谷精微匮乏,升清无力,脑髓失养,加之痰瘀内生,闭阻脑窍,则“脾失藏意”,认知损伤。补中益气汤是“补中益气,健运中焦”之经典方,该方以黄芪为君,人参、炙甘草、白术为臣,旨在健运中焦元气,以资气血化生之源;佐以升麻、柴胡升提下陷之中气,陈皮理气和胃,当归养血合营,全方共奏助脾藏营、和营舍意之功。课题组前期对补中益气汤治疗AIT的疗效及机制进行了广泛深入研究[18-20],本研究再次证明了补中益气汤可减轻AIT小鼠甲状腺淋巴细胞浸润,降低血清TgAb水平,并且表明该方亦可有效改善AIT小鼠的空间学习和记忆功能。
细胞自噬是指细胞在自噬相关基因的调控下,利用溶酶体降解自身细胞质蛋白及其受损细胞器的过程[21]。细胞自噬是一把“双刃剑”,生理状态下的基础自噬对维持细胞内稳态及细胞产物的合成、降解及循环利用等具有重要作用;病理状态下的异常自噬可导致代谢应激,细胞成分过度降解甚至细胞死亡等。自噬过程受多种自噬相关蛋白(如Beclin1、LC3、P62等)的调节和控制,自噬小体的形成是判断自噬发生的“金标准”[22-23]。本研究表明AIT小鼠海马神经元细胞超微结构损伤且存在神经元异常自噬,海马组织Beclin1、LC3蛋白表达水平增高,P62蛋白表达水平降低;经补中益气汤治疗后神经元自噬程度减轻,神经元结构恢复,海马组织Beclin1、LC3蛋白表达水平降低,P62蛋白表达水平升高,提示补中益气汤可能通过改善海马神经元自噬治疗AIT认知损伤。
PHLPP1是一种可以特异性地将磷酸化激活的AKT脱磷酸化而失去蛋白激酶活性的新型蛋白磷酸酶[24]。目前研究发现PHLPP1信号传导在调节多种神经元生理作用中至关重要,包括神经元活性、神经保护、神经元凋亡、记忆形成和长期记忆的巩固等,同时也在阿尔茨海默病、癫痫、帕金森病和其他神经退行性疾病中发挥重要作用[25-29]。CHEN等证实PHLPP1的缺失可以增强神经元中AKT的激活,并显著提高缺血损伤后神经元细胞存活率,抑制PHLPP1可能是一种保护大脑免受缺血性损伤的治疗方法[30]。LIU等表明PHLPP1过度表达会损害海马神经元突触可塑性和海马依赖性学习[31]。FOXO3a作为转录调节因子在调节细胞自噬中具有重要的作用,FOXO3a的磷酸化水平是影响其介导自噬基因转录的重要因素,而AKT是FOXO3a的上游磷酸化激酶,可调控其关键残基Ser253的磷酸化水平来阻止FOXO3a进入细胞核发挥调控效应[32]。miR-190b与人类多种中枢神经系统疾病存在诸多关联,其表达上调可减轻神经元损伤,抑制神经炎症,减少神经元凋亡,改善认知[33-35]。miR-190b可以特异性结合PHLPP1 mRNA的3’-UTG位点,使AKT的脱磷酸化作用减弱,FOXO3a磷酸化增加,进而导致其不能进入细胞核,引发FOXO3a介导的自噬效应蛋白Beclin1的水平降低,自噬水平降低。本研究发现补中益气汤治疗可使AIT小鼠海马组织PHLPP1、FOXO3a蛋白表达水平降低,p-AKT/AKT、p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a蛋白表达水平升高,miR-190b-5p表达上调,并且双荧光素酶报告实验证实miR-190b-5p可靶向调控PHLPP1基因,表明补中益气汤可能通过调节miR-190b靶向PHLPP1/AKT/FOXO3a信号通路,从而改善AIT小鼠海马神经元异常自噬。
综上所述,补中益气汤可能通过调控miR-190b/PHLPP1/AKT/FOXO3a信号通路改善AIT小鼠海马神经元异常自噬,从而减轻海马神经元损伤,可能是补中益气汤治疗AIT致认知损伤的潜在机制之一。本研究从新的视角丰富了“脾藏意”的理论内涵,为中医“从脾论治”AIT相关认知损伤提供了新的治疗策略与实验依据,但本病发病机制复杂,未来仍需进一步探索。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(82174359; 81874441)
  • 沈阳市临床医学研究中心项目(沈科发〔2018〕75号)
  • 天津中医药大学第一附属医院“拓新工程”基金科研项目(院ZZ2024011)
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2025年第43卷第12期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.010
  • 首发时间:2026-04-29
  • 出版时间:2025-12-10
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(82174359; 81874441)
沈阳市临床医学研究中心项目(沈科发〔2018〕75号)
天津中医药大学第一附属医院“拓新工程”基金科研项目(院ZZ2024011)
作者信息
    1.辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847
    2.天津中医药大学第一附属医院,天津 300381
    3.辽宁中医药大学附属医院,辽宁 沈阳 110032

通讯作者:

高天舒(1967-),男,辽宁沈阳人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医防治内分泌及代谢性疾病。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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