Article(id=1256183362000138456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1256183358493679805, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1777427052258, onlineDateStr=2026-04-29, pubDate=1765296000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777427052258, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777427052258, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777427052258, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256183358493679805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777427051344, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777427760067, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256186331126969089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1256183358493679805, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256186331126969090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1256183358493679805, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=42, endPage=46, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256183362620895450, articleId=1256183362000138456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Effects of Yifei Jianpi Recipe(益肺健脾方)on AQP3,AQP5 and MUC5AC in Bronchopulmonary Tissues of COPD Model Rats with Lung and Spleen Deficiency Syndrome, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To study the effects of Yifei JianpiRecipe(益肺健脾方)on aquaporin 3(AQP3),aquaporin 5(AQP5)and mucin 5AC(MUC5AC)in bronchial and lung tissues of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)model ratswith lung and spleen deficiency syndrome.

Methods

Sprague-dawley rats were randomly segmented into blank group,model group,ambroxol group,dexamethasone group and Yifei Jianpi Recipe high,medium and low dose groups.The COPD ratmodel of lung and spleen deficiency was created by fumigation combined with lipopolysaccharide tracheal drip and Senna gavage and the pathologic morphology of bronchopulmonary tissues in rats was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid Schiff(AB-PAS)staining,and the m RNA expressions of AQP3,AQP5 and MUC5AC in ratbronchopulmonary tissueswere detected by RT-qPCR,and protein expressions of AQP3,AQP5 and MUC5ACwere detected by Western Blot and immunohisto chemistry(IHC)methods,the mRNA expressions of AQP3,AQP5 and MUC5AC in rat bronchopulmonary tissues were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),and the protein expressions of AQP3,AQP5 and MUC5AC in rat bronchopulmonary tissues were detected by Western Blotand IHC methods.

Results

Compared with those in the sham group,the bronchopulmonary tissues of rats in themodel group showed different degrees of damage,and HE staining demonstrated that there were tangible inflammatory cell infiltration in the airways of rats,and AB-PASstaining reviewed thata good deal of cupshaped cell hyperplasia could be seen in the bronchial tubes of rats.ThemRNA and protein expressions of AQP3 and AQP5 were significantly decreased and MUC5AC mRNA and protein expressions were clearly increased in the model group(P<0.01).Compared with those in the modelgroup,the inflammatory pathology damage of the bronchopulmonary tissues and the proliferation of cup cells in the rats of each dose group showed different degrees of improvement,and the m RNA and protein expressions of AQP3 and AQP5 were increased to different degrees.Among them,the Yifei Jianpi Recipe high dose group,the aminoglossum group and the dexamethasone group showed significant and comparable levels of increase(P<0.05);the MUC5AC mRNA and protein expressions were reduced to different degrees,among which the ambroxol group,the dexamethasone group and the Yifei Jianpi Recipe high dose group showed significant and comparable reductions(P<0.01).

Conclusion

Yifei Jianpi Recipe can inhibit airway mucus hypersecretion and reduce airway inflammation in COPD model rats with lung and spleen deficiency syndrome,and its mechanism is related to up-regulation of AQP3 and AQP5 and down-regulation of MUC5AC transcription and expression.

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目的

研究益肺健脾方对肺脾两虚型慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)模型大鼠支气管肺组织水通道蛋白3(AQP3)、水通道蛋白5(AQP5)及黏蛋白5AC(MUC5AC)的影响。

方法

SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、氨溴索组、地塞米松组及益肺健脾方高、中、低剂量组,烟熏法联合脂多糖滴注及番泻叶灌胃构建肺脾两虚型COPD大鼠模型。以苏木精-伊红染色(HE)、阿利新蓝-过碘酸-雪夫染色(AB-PAS)对大鼠支气管肺组织进行病理形态学观察,蛋白质免疫印记法(WB)、免疫组化法(IHC)检测大鼠AQP3、AQP5及MUC5AC蛋白表达,实时荧光定量PCR法(RT-qPCR)检测大鼠支气管肺组织AQP3、AQP5及MUC5ACmRNA表达。

结果

模型组大鼠支气管肺组织均出现不同程度损伤,HE染色显示大鼠气道有明显炎性细胞浸润现象,AB-PAS染色显示大鼠支气管可见大量杯状细胞增生;模型组AQP3、AQP5 mRNA水平及蛋白表达明显降低,MUC5ACmRNA水平及蛋白表达显著增高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠支气管肺组织炎症病理损害、杯状细胞增生情况均有不同程度的改善,AQP3、AQP5 mRNA水平及蛋白表达均增高,其中中药高剂量组、氨溴索组及地塞米松组增高显著且水平相当(P<0.05);MUC5ACmRNA水平及蛋白表达均有不同程度的下降,其中中药高剂量组、氨溴索组及地塞米松组下降显著且水平相当(P<0.01)。

结论

益肺健脾方能够改善肺脾两虚型COPD模型大鼠气道黏液高分泌,减轻气道炎症,其作用机制与其上调AQP3、AQP5,下调MUC5AC转录及表达有关。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王胜(1970-),男,安徽合肥人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中西医结合防治呼吸系统疾病。E-mail:
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张琳萍(1998-),女,安徽宿州人,硕士在读,研究方向:中西医结合防治呼吸系统疾病。

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张琳萍(1998-),女,安徽宿州人,硕士在读,研究方向:中西医结合防治呼吸系统疾病。

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张琳萍(1998-),女,安徽宿州人,硕士在读,研究方向:中西医结合防治呼吸系统疾病。

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journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183362000138456, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=0G7VDh3proH8pmkFSBVBeg==, figureFileBig=8x+A6HxgEFQt0LvQpxnYeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183380429910366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183362000138456, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组肺脾两虚型COPD大鼠AB-PAS染色(×200), figureFileSmall=0G7VDh3proH8pmkFSBVBeg==, figureFileBig=8x+A6HxgEFQt0LvQpxnYeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183380899672417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183362000138456, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=0K4XC5WfbfOrEU/AWysuTA==, figureFileBig=yUek1y4T0mw0zO3ZOBpVaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183381100999013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183362000138456, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各组肺脾两虚型COPD大鼠AQP3表达强度, figureFileSmall=0K4XC5WfbfOrEU/AWysuTA==, 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注:A.空白组;B.模型组;C.中药高剂量组;D.中药中剂量组;E中药低剂量组;F.氨溴索组;G.地塞米松组;**P<0.01;*P<0.05。

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注:A.空白组;B.模型组;C.中药高剂量组;D.中药中剂量组;E中药低剂量组;F.氨溴索组;G.地塞米松组;**P<0.01;*P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=afl6elSCI58b8hYMqDJg/g==, figureFileBig=YFCqDk9+o4R1uvk7KjH27w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256183385081393563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183362000138456, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因上游下游长度/(bp)
β-actin5'-CCCATCTATGAGGGTTACGC-3'5'-TTTAATGTCACGCACGATTTC-3'150
AQP35'-CAATGGCACAGCTGGTATCT-3'5'-CACACACAATAAGGGCTGCT-3'104
AQP55'-AAGCTCTGGGACCTGTGAGT-3'5'-CACGTAGAAGACAGCTCGGA-3'105
MUC5AC5'-GCTCGATCGACTCCTACTCC-3'5'-GGTGGACCCTAAGGTTGAGA-3'128
), ArticleFig(id=1256183385479852447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183362000138456, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

检测基因引物序列(5'→3')

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因上游下游长度/(bp)
β-actin5'-CCCATCTATGAGGGTTACGC-3'5'-TTTAATGTCACGCACGATTTC-3'150
AQP35'-CAATGGCACAGCTGGTATCT-3'5'-CACACACAATAAGGGCTGCT-3'104
AQP55'-AAGCTCTGGGACCTGTGAGT-3'5'-CACGTAGAAGACAGCTCGGA-3'105
MUC5AC5'-GCTCGATCGACTCCTACTCC-3'5'-GGTGGACCCTAAGGTTGAGA-3'128
), ArticleFig(id=1256183385878311333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183362000138456, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别nAQP3AQP5MUC5AC
空白组60.51±0.0030.52±0.0030.33±0.003
模型组60.25±0.004**0.29±0.003**0.50±0.006**
益肺健脾方高剂量组60.44±0.003##0.37±0.004##0.43±0.003##
益肺健脾方中剂量组60.40±0.007##☆0.35±0.007##☆0.44±0.003##☆
益肺健脾方低剂量组60.36±0.008##☆☆0.32±0.009##☆☆0.47±0.002##☆☆
氨溴索组60.46±0.006##0.45±0.010##0.40±0.002##
地塞米松组60.42±0.008##0.48±0.004##0.37±0.004##
), ArticleFig(id=1256183386264187307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183362000138456, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各组大鼠平均光密度值比较(

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组别nAQP3AQP5MUC5AC
空白组60.51±0.0030.52±0.0030.33±0.003
模型组60.25±0.004**0.29±0.003**0.50±0.006**
益肺健脾方高剂量组60.44±0.003##0.37±0.004##0.43±0.003##
益肺健脾方中剂量组60.40±0.007##☆0.35±0.007##☆0.44±0.003##☆
益肺健脾方低剂量组60.36±0.008##☆☆0.32±0.009##☆☆0.47±0.002##☆☆
氨溴索组60.46±0.006##0.45±0.010##0.40±0.002##
地塞米松组60.42±0.008##0.48±0.004##0.37±0.004##
), ArticleFig(id=1256183386805252529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183362000138456, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别nAQP3AQP5MUC5AC
空白组61.00±0.101.00±0.091.00±0.19
模型组60.24±0.03**0.27±0.04**2.10±0.30**
益肺健脾方高剂量组60.74±0.08##0.75±0.10##1.21±0.20##
益肺健脾方中剂量组60.50±0.08##☆0.65±0.06##☆1.73±0.27##☆
益肺健脾方低剂量组60.40±0.06##☆☆0.43±0.05##☆☆2.14±0.26##☆☆
氨溴索组60.73±0.05##0.71±0.05##1.20±0.08##
地塞米松组60.82±0.06##0.92±0.07##1.16±0.10##
), ArticleFig(id=1256183387216294326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183362000138456, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各组肺脾两虚型COPD大鼠AQP3mRNA、AQP5mRNA和MUC5ACmRNA表达水平比较(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别nAQP3AQP5MUC5AC
空白组61.00±0.101.00±0.091.00±0.19
模型组60.24±0.03**0.27±0.04**2.10±0.30**
益肺健脾方高剂量组60.74±0.08##0.75±0.10##1.21±0.20##
益肺健脾方中剂量组60.50±0.08##☆0.65±0.06##☆1.73±0.27##☆
益肺健脾方低剂量组60.40±0.06##☆☆0.43±0.05##☆☆2.14±0.26##☆☆
氨溴索组60.73±0.05##0.71±0.05##1.20±0.08##
地塞米松组60.82±0.06##0.92±0.07##1.16±0.10##
), ArticleFig(id=1256183387514089914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183362000138456, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别nAQP3AQP5MUC5AC
空白组62.05±0.052.15±0.080.28±0.02
模型组60.69±0.08**0.72±0.05**0.54±0.01**
益肺健脾方高剂量组61.66±0.05##1.77±0.07##0.35±0.04##
益肺健脾方中剂量组61.32±0.02##☆1.38±0.06##☆0.41±0.02##☆
益肺健脾方低剂量组60.91±0.08##☆☆0.95±0.09##☆☆0.48±0.03##☆☆
氨溴索组61.63±0.06##1.78±0.05##0.35±0.03##
地塞米松组61.73±0.08##1.82±0.05##0.32±0.04##
), ArticleFig(id=1256183387946103230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1256183362000138456, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各组肺脾两虚型COPD大鼠支气管肺组织AQP3、AQP5、MUC5AC蛋白表达水平比较(

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组别nAQP3AQP5MUC5AC
空白组62.05±0.052.15±0.080.28±0.02
模型组60.69±0.08**0.72±0.05**0.54±0.01**
益肺健脾方高剂量组61.66±0.05##1.77±0.07##0.35±0.04##
益肺健脾方中剂量组61.32±0.02##☆1.38±0.06##☆0.41±0.02##☆
益肺健脾方低剂量组60.91±0.08##☆☆0.95±0.09##☆☆0.48±0.03##☆☆
氨溴索组61.63±0.06##1.78±0.05##0.35±0.03##
地塞米松组61.73±0.08##1.82±0.05##0.32±0.04##
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益肺健脾方对肺脾两虚型慢性阻塞性肺疾病模型大鼠支气管肺组织AQP3、AQP5及MUC5AC的影响
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张琳萍 1 , 夏平凡 2 , 徐晨 2 , 郑莉莉 3 , 王胜 3, 4, 5
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(12): 42-46
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中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025, 43(12): 42-46
益肺健脾方对肺脾两虚型慢性阻塞性肺疾病模型大鼠支气管肺组织AQP3、AQP5及MUC5AC的影响
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张琳萍1, 夏平凡2, 徐晨2, 郑莉莉3, 王胜3, 4, 5
作者信息
  • 1.安徽中医药大学第一临床医学院,安徽 合肥 230031
  • 2.安徽中医药大学,安徽 合肥 230031
  • 3.安徽中医药大学第一附属医院老年病中心,安徽 合肥 230031
  • 4.安徽省中医药科学院中医呼吸病防治研究所,安徽 合肥 230031
  • 5.安徽省教育厅重点实验室中医药防治肺系重大疾病重点实验室,安徽 合肥 230031
  • 张琳萍(1998-),女,安徽宿州人,硕士在读,研究方向:中西医结合防治呼吸系统疾病。

通讯作者:

王胜(1970-),男,安徽合肥人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中西医结合防治呼吸系统疾病。E-mail:
Effects of Yifei Jianpi Recipe(益肺健脾方)on AQP3,AQP5 and MUC5AC in Bronchopulmonary Tissues of COPD Model Rats with Lung and Spleen Deficiency Syndrome
Linping ZHANG1, Pingfan XIA2, Chen XU2, Lili ZHENG3, Sheng WANG3, 4, 5
Affiliations
  • 1.The First Clinical School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine,Hefei230031,Anhui,China
  • 2.Anhui University of Chinese Medicine,Hefei230031,Anhui,China
  • 3.The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine,Hefei230031,Anhui,China
  • 4.Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Respiratory Disease Prevention and Treatment,Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine,Hefei230031,Anhui,China
  • 5.Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Major Pulmonary Diseases,Anhui Provincial Department of Education,Hefei230031,Anhui,China
出版时间: 2025-12-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.007
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目的

研究益肺健脾方对肺脾两虚型慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)模型大鼠支气管肺组织水通道蛋白3(AQP3)、水通道蛋白5(AQP5)及黏蛋白5AC(MUC5AC)的影响。

方法

SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、氨溴索组、地塞米松组及益肺健脾方高、中、低剂量组,烟熏法联合脂多糖滴注及番泻叶灌胃构建肺脾两虚型COPD大鼠模型。以苏木精-伊红染色(HE)、阿利新蓝-过碘酸-雪夫染色(AB-PAS)对大鼠支气管肺组织进行病理形态学观察,蛋白质免疫印记法(WB)、免疫组化法(IHC)检测大鼠AQP3、AQP5及MUC5AC蛋白表达,实时荧光定量PCR法(RT-qPCR)检测大鼠支气管肺组织AQP3、AQP5及MUC5ACmRNA表达。

结果

模型组大鼠支气管肺组织均出现不同程度损伤,HE染色显示大鼠气道有明显炎性细胞浸润现象,AB-PAS染色显示大鼠支气管可见大量杯状细胞增生;模型组AQP3、AQP5 mRNA水平及蛋白表达明显降低,MUC5ACmRNA水平及蛋白表达显著增高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠支气管肺组织炎症病理损害、杯状细胞增生情况均有不同程度的改善,AQP3、AQP5 mRNA水平及蛋白表达均增高,其中中药高剂量组、氨溴索组及地塞米松组增高显著且水平相当(P<0.05);MUC5ACmRNA水平及蛋白表达均有不同程度的下降,其中中药高剂量组、氨溴索组及地塞米松组下降显著且水平相当(P<0.01)。

结论

益肺健脾方能够改善肺脾两虚型COPD模型大鼠气道黏液高分泌,减轻气道炎症,其作用机制与其上调AQP3、AQP5,下调MUC5AC转录及表达有关。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病  /  益肺健脾方  /  肺脾两虚  /  AQP3  /  AQP5  /  MUC5AC
Objective

To study the effects of Yifei JianpiRecipe(益肺健脾方)on aquaporin 3(AQP3),aquaporin 5(AQP5)and mucin 5AC(MUC5AC)in bronchial and lung tissues of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)model ratswith lung and spleen deficiency syndrome.

Methods

Sprague-dawley rats were randomly segmented into blank group,model group,ambroxol group,dexamethasone group and Yifei Jianpi Recipe high,medium and low dose groups.The COPD ratmodel of lung and spleen deficiency was created by fumigation combined with lipopolysaccharide tracheal drip and Senna gavage and the pathologic morphology of bronchopulmonary tissues in rats was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid Schiff(AB-PAS)staining,and the m RNA expressions of AQP3,AQP5 and MUC5AC in ratbronchopulmonary tissueswere detected by RT-qPCR,and protein expressions of AQP3,AQP5 and MUC5ACwere detected by Western Blot and immunohisto chemistry(IHC)methods,the mRNA expressions of AQP3,AQP5 and MUC5AC in rat bronchopulmonary tissues were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),and the protein expressions of AQP3,AQP5 and MUC5AC in rat bronchopulmonary tissues were detected by Western Blotand IHC methods.

Results

Compared with those in the sham group,the bronchopulmonary tissues of rats in themodel group showed different degrees of damage,and HE staining demonstrated that there were tangible inflammatory cell infiltration in the airways of rats,and AB-PASstaining reviewed thata good deal of cupshaped cell hyperplasia could be seen in the bronchial tubes of rats.ThemRNA and protein expressions of AQP3 and AQP5 were significantly decreased and MUC5AC mRNA and protein expressions were clearly increased in the model group(P<0.01).Compared with those in the modelgroup,the inflammatory pathology damage of the bronchopulmonary tissues and the proliferation of cup cells in the rats of each dose group showed different degrees of improvement,and the m RNA and protein expressions of AQP3 and AQP5 were increased to different degrees.Among them,the Yifei Jianpi Recipe high dose group,the aminoglossum group and the dexamethasone group showed significant and comparable levels of increase(P<0.05);the MUC5AC mRNA and protein expressions were reduced to different degrees,among which the ambroxol group,the dexamethasone group and the Yifei Jianpi Recipe high dose group showed significant and comparable reductions(P<0.01).

Conclusion

Yifei Jianpi Recipe can inhibit airway mucus hypersecretion and reduce airway inflammation in COPD model rats with lung and spleen deficiency syndrome,and its mechanism is related to up-regulation of AQP3 and AQP5 and down-regulation of MUC5AC transcription and expression.

COPD  /  Yifei Jianpi Recipe(益肺健脾方)  /  deficiency of lung and spleen  /  AQP3  /  AQP5  /  MUC5AC
张琳萍, 夏平凡, 徐晨, 郑莉莉, 王胜. 益肺健脾方对肺脾两虚型慢性阻塞性肺疾病模型大鼠支气管肺组织AQP3、AQP5及MUC5AC的影响. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (12) : 42 -46 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.007
Linping ZHANG, Pingfan XIA, Chen XU, Lili ZHENG, Sheng WANG. Effects of Yifei Jianpi Recipe(益肺健脾方)on AQP3,AQP5 and MUC5AC in Bronchopulmonary Tissues of COPD Model Rats with Lung and Spleen Deficiency Syndrome[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (12) : 42 -46 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.007
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是一种由于气道异常和/或肺泡异常引起的以持续性、进行性加重的气流受限为特征的异质性肺部疾病[1]。目前普遍认为COPD是由基因(G)-环境(E)在个体生命周期(T)中发生的相互作用(GETomics)引起的,其发病与气道和肺组织吸入香烟烟雾、室内外空气污染有毒颗粒物和气体引起的异常慢性炎症反应有关,多种机制相互影响,共同参与其发病并加重COPD炎性反应[2]。其中,持续慢性黏液分泌已成为COPD发病率和病死率增长的独立危险因素[3]。早期的药物治疗或可延缓COPD急性病程进展,但目前临床疗效多欠佳,控制水平尚不理想,而中医学对咳痰喘的论述由来已久,其辨证施治的整体思想与COPD的治疗原则不谋而合,以中医药控制炎症、调节免疫等辅助治疗COPD,在滞缓疾病进程、减轻不良反应、提高生活质量等方面均具有独到优势[4-5]。水通道蛋白(aquaporins,AQPs)在渗透驱动的跨细胞和跨上皮水运动中起主要作用[6],其中,肺AQPs已被证明与急性肺损伤密切相关,特别是与氧气水平相关的损伤和感染[7-8]。水通道蛋白3(aquaporins 3,AQP3)在鼻咽和大气道的基底上皮细胞中表达,水通道蛋白5(aquaporins 5,AQP5)主要在脉管系统内皮和肺泡上皮中表达,以允许肺泡中的液体在空气空间和相关脉管系统之间移动[9]。益肺健脾方基于“肺通调水道、脾主运化水化”等理论,为临床多年运用且有良效的经验方,前期研究证实,该方能降低COPD患者痰液中炎症因子表达水平[10-13],提示益肺健脾方能减轻COPD患者气道炎症反应及肺部病理损害,抑制气道黏液高分泌,改善痰液黏稠度。本实验基于前期工作基础,以COPD痰饮生成异常为研讨切入点,采用与痰饮密切关联的AQP3、AQP5及黏蛋白5ac(MUC5AC)为观察指标,从水液代谢角度深入探析益肺健脾方改善慢性阻塞性肺疾病气道黏液高分泌的作用机制。
112只SPF级雄性SD大鼠,年龄6~8周,体质量为(200±20)g,购自辽宁长生生物技术股份有限公司[生产许可证号:SCXK(辽)2020-0001],均饲养于温度范围为21~26℃、相对湿度在60%~80%的安徽中医药大学动物房,并进行20次/h的通风排气,适应性饲养周期为1周。此项目已经得到了安徽中医药大学动物伦理委员会的正式批准(动物伦理编号:AHUCM-rats-2023153),并且完全符合《实验动物保健和使用指南》的规定。
益肺健脾方:黄芪30 g,半夏15 g,党参15 g,茯苓15 g,白术15 g,陈皮10 g,款冬花10 g,防风10 g,陈皮10 g,甘草10 g,地龙8 g每剂。药物来源自安徽省中医院中药房。氨溴索(批号A19263)购买于上海勃林网格殷格翰药业有限公司;地塞米松(批号140602)来源于浙江仙琚制药股份有限公司;番泻叶(批号412495T)来源于广东一方制药有限公司。
AQP3、AQP5试剂盒购自美国Biowor公司,批号BS3671、BS3477;MUC5A试剂盒购自英国Abcam公司,批号Ab24071;反转录试剂盒购自美国Thermo公司,批号:00221108;苏木素染色试剂购自安徽亿帆制药公司,批号:717105;伊红染色试剂购自美国Thermo公司,批号:723132;脂多糖购自美国Sigma公司,批号12180309。切片机(Leica RM2451德国);自动脱水机(爱华FTJ-301中国);石蜡包埋机(益迪YD-6D浙江金华);显微镜(飞利浦70T荷兰);电泳仪(伯乐1645056美国BIO-RAD);转膜仪(VE-186型Tanon);普通PCR仪(伯乐T100美国BIO-RAD);荧光定量PCR仪(伯乐C1000美国BIO-RAD)。引物由上海生工生物有限公司合成。
实验中,大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、氨溴索组、地塞米松组及益肺健脾方高、中、低剂量组,每组16只。参照宋一平等[14]、张伟等[15]、张旭辉等[16]学者的研究方法,使用香烟烟熏法结合脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)进行气管滴注和番泻叶灌胃,造模共49 d,成功模拟出肺脾两虚型COPD大鼠模型。在大鼠接受3%戊巴比妥钠(30 mg/kg)腹腔注射麻醉后的第1天和第14天进行固定,确保气管完全暴露,并给予LPS 200μL(1 mg/mL)的气管滴注。在第2~30天(除第14天外),大鼠被放置在1 m3封闭的烟室里,进行香烟烟雾处理(中烟红三环渡江牌香烟:烟碱量为1.1 mg,CO量为14 mg,香烟焦油量为13 mg),并持续吸入30 min。每天进行2次烟熏,每次吸入15支香烟。在第20天至30天,每天给予大鼠1 g/mL和4℃番泻叶浸液(1 mL/100 g)进行灌胃处理,每天进行1次灌胃。参照《实用中医证候动物模型学》[17],确定了模型的成功准则:(1)脾虚标准:①精神不佳,蜷卧扎堆;②食量下降,体质量减轻;③大便稀溏或不成形;④毛发凌乱且无光泽。(2)HE染色、AB-PAS染色符合COPD病理变化。造模成功后,予以益肺健脾方高、中、低[3.2、1.6、0.8 g/(mL·100 g)]、氨溴索混悬液[1.4 mg/(mL·100 g)]、地塞米松混悬液[(0.052 5 mg/(mL·100 g)]灌胃处理,正常组、模型组灌胃等体积0.9%氯化钠溶液,1次/d,连续6周。
在最后一次给药后的24 h移除死亡大鼠,并从每组中选择6只大鼠进行样本采集。在对大鼠进行腹腔注射3%戊巴比妥钠(30 mg/kg)麻醉后,从其腹主动脉采集血液,经过离心后提取血清,并将其存放在-80℃的冰箱中进行冷冻保存。对大鼠进行断颈并处死后,打开其胸腔,首先将左支气管肺组织放入冷冻保存管中,以便进行实时荧光定量检测(RTqPCR法)和蛋白质免疫印迹(Western blot)法的检测;然后取下右肺的三叶,用福尔马林和10%的甲醛溶液进行固定。接着,进行石蜡包埋和切片处理,以便进行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色、阿尔辛蓝-过碘酸雪夫染色(AB-PAS)和免疫组化法(IHC)的检测。
二甲苯脱蜡20 min 2次;梯度酒精复水(100%2次、95%、90%、85%、蒸馏水,每次5 min);抗原修复(加热法);3%双氧水阻断非特异性;二抗同属种血清封闭;一抗4℃孵育过夜;孵育二抗;DAB显色;苏木素复染;脱水透明,中性树胶封片;并使用Image J软件进行阳性信号平均光密度值分析。
取100 mg冻存支气管肺组织,加入Trizol试剂后提取组织总RNA;总RNA逆转录cDNA:依次加入dT、RNA、无Rnase水及逆转录试剂,设置仪器,严格按照说明书操作,得到的反应溶液即为所需cDNA,-80℃保存备用;cDNA扩增目的基因:加样、离心混匀、放入PCR仪中。引物序列见表1
取适量肺组织,裂解及蛋白定量;制备SDS-PAGE凝胶;蛋白电泳:组装SDS-PAGE、蛋白上样、接通电源,开始电泳;转膜;封闭蛋白抗原;抗原抗体反应:0.1%TBST润洗封闭后的NC膜3次,每次5 min,稀释、孵育、回收一抗,孵育二抗,0.1%TBST润洗NC膜3次,每次10 min;显色,使用imageJ软件分析。
采用SPSS 26.0统计软件进行数据处理分析,所有计量数据均用均数±标准差()表示,其中P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。如果数据满足正态分布和方差齐性,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较则使用两独立样本t检验,若不满足条件,则使用非参数检验。
通过HE染色和AB-PAS染色的结果,观察到空白组的大鼠支气管肺组织结构保持完好、形态正常,并且可以看到少数的杯状细胞;在模型组大鼠的支气管肺组织中,COPD的病理特征表现为管道狭窄,管壁变厚,大量的炎症细胞浸润,杯状细胞增多,肺泡壁破裂、融合后,形成肺大疱,进一步表现为肺气肿的变化;相较于模型组,用药组大鼠支气管病理损伤均有不同程度改善,中药高剂量组、氨溴索组和地塞米松组的改善尤为显著。见插页Ⅳ图1、插页Ⅴ图2
与空白组比较,模型组大鼠支气管及肺组织AQP3表达强度降低;与模型组比较,各给药组均显示AQP3表达升高,其中益肺健脾方高剂量组、氨溴索组及地塞米松组升高明显。见插页Ⅵ图3
与空白组比较,模型组大鼠支气管肺组织AQP5表达强度降低;与模型组比较,各给药组均显示AQP5表达升高,其中中药高剂量组、氨溴索组及地塞米松组升高明显。见插页Ⅶ图4
与空白组比较,模型组大鼠支气管及肺组织MUC5AC表达强度升高;与模型组比较,各给药组均可见MUC5AC表达降低,其中中药高剂量组、氨溴索组及地塞米松组降低明显。见插页Ⅷ图5
与空白组比较,模型组大鼠支气管肺组织AQP3及AQP5表达量显著下降,光密度值降低,MUC5AC表达量显著增高,光密度值升高;与模型组比较,中药组与西药组大鼠支气管肺组织AQP3及AQP5表达量均有不同程度的升高,MUC5AC表达量均有不同程度的降低,其中中药高剂量组、氨溴索组及地塞米松组AQP3、AQP5升高明显,MUC5AC降低明显。见表2
模型组大鼠支气管及肺组织中AQP3 mRNA、AQP5 mRNA表达量较空白组明显下降,MUC5ACmRNA表达量明显升高;与模型组比较,中药组与西药组大鼠支气管及肺组织AQP3 mRNA及AQP5 mRNA表达量均有不同程度的升高,MUC5AC mRNA表达量均有不同程度的降低,其中中药高剂量组、氨溴索组及地塞米松组AQP3 mRNA、AQP5 mRNA升高明显、MUC5ACmRNA降低明显。见表3、插页Ⅸ图6
模型组大鼠支气管及肺组织中AQP3、AQP5表达较空白组明显下降,MUC5AC表达明显升高;与模型组比较,中药组与西药组大鼠支气管及肺组织中AQP3、AQP5表达均有不同程度的升高,MUC5AC表达均有不同程度下降,其中中药高剂量组、氨溴索组、地塞米松组变化明显。见表4、插页Ⅸ图7
COPD总属于中医学“咳嗽”“喘证”“肺胀”等范畴,历代古书医籍中多有表述,其病位先在肺,继则至于脾肾,病机总属标实本虚[18],病理因素为痰浊、水饮、血瘀,其病程发展初期以气虚多见,渐至气阴两虚,后期气虚及阳,肺脾气虚是病程发展的关键阶段,咳痰是其常见临证因素[19]。考慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者,多因宿恙久羁,肺虚体弱,新感之机尤多,故临床多见虚实同着一体者,病势迁延;且“脾为生痰之源,肺为贮痰之器,肾为生痰之本”,痰饮停贮,更致久咳不愈;古语云:“久病必瘀”,久咳痰喘者,肺宣发肃降失职,津液代谢失常、血液运行不畅,如此气滞血瘀,更致咳喘不止,是故益肺健脾之法,刻不容缓。本实验采用玉屏风散合六君子汤化裁即益肺健脾方治疗COPD,方中黄芪、防风、白术、党参、茯苓、陈皮、半夏、款冬花、地龙、甘草,各药相配,共奏益气化痰之效。本实验旨在观察益肺健脾方高、中、低剂量对肺脾两虚型COPD模型大鼠支气管和肺组织中水通道蛋白AQP3、AQP5及黏蛋白MUC5AC表达情况的影响,并选用对化痰、减轻炎症具有明确作用的氨溴索、地塞米松作为对照药物,探讨益肺健脾方治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病气道炎症及黏液高分泌的作用机制。
实验中观察到每组大鼠均出现不同数量的死亡(死亡大鼠及时剔除并予以补充),在使用香烟烟熏法联合脂多糖气管滴注及番泻叶灌胃复制肺脾两虚型COPD模型大鼠过程中,发现气管滴注LPS后,大鼠病死率升高,这可能与LPS诱导大鼠急性肺损伤有关[20]。空白组大鼠生长发育状况良好,精神佳,行动敏捷,被毛光滑、梳理良好。模型组大鼠精神萎靡,行动迟缓,蜷卧少动,被毛凌乱、毛发污染,弓背,异常呼吸,食欲减退,体质量偏低。随用药天数增加,益肺健脾方高、中、低剂量组、氨溴索组及地塞米松组大鼠,大鼠精神状态均较前改善,可见进食量、体质量增加,且被毛比模型组更有光泽,尤其是在益肺健脾方高剂量组、氨溴索组和地塞米松组中,改善效果尤为显著。
对AQP3、AQP5、MUC5AC 3个指标的研究发现,益肺健脾方可提高肺脾两虚型COPD模型大鼠支气管和肺组织中AQP3、AQP5的mRNA和蛋白表达,降低MUC5AC的mRNA和蛋白的表达。水通道蛋白是高度保守的跨膜通道,构建为四聚体,每个单体由约320个氨基酸组成,分子量为28 kD[21],其介导跨细胞液体运动,是维持体内水液平衡必不可少的基础蛋白,目前研究表明,哺乳动物中已发现13种AQPs(AQP0-AQP12),呼吸系统中存在4种(AQP1、3、4、5),参与调节肺内水液的吸收与转运,其细胞分布广泛,包括气道上皮、肺泡上皮、相关微血管内皮和黏膜下腺等,其中AQP3在基底上皮细胞(鼻咽和大气道)中表达,AQP5在肺泡I型上皮细胞和黏膜下腺的腺泡上皮细胞中表达[722-23]。黏蛋白是一类高分子量、重糖基化蛋白,呼吸道黏蛋白主要为MUC5AC及MUC5B,与气道黏液高分泌密切相关[24-25]。已知COPD发病机制多与炎症相关[26-27],且气道黏液高分泌被认为是主要病理变化[28],TOWNE等首次发现AQP1、AQP5在肺部感染中表达降低[29],ANURADHA等证实,AQP1、AQP3、AQP5可作为炎症标志物发挥关键作用[30],付海晶等[31]、吴振起等[32]均发现,AQP5、MUC5AC与COPD密切相关,故本实验选取AQP3、AQP5及MUC5AC作为实验指标。
水通道蛋白的转录调控机制尚不明确,但AQP3在启动子区域具有多种反应元件和转录因子结合位点,如雌激素反应元件(ERE)、ROR/REV-ERB-反应元件(RORE)、SP1位点、FOXA1位点,使其选择性充当水甘油通道蛋白[33]。参与COPD炎症反应的细胞,在经历渗透微环境的改变时,导致细胞水力通透性和大小增加,从而改变细胞骨架结构[34],RABOLLI等强调了AQP3可能参与炎症过程的发展[35],ZHU等提出AQP3参与吞噬体形成[36]。AQP5是人类染色体12q13上的单拷贝基因,内含子3(rs3736309)中的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与中国人群中COPD的存在有关[37],VERKMAN等指出[38],人AQP5表达降低与COPD和肺功能降低的患者气道中黏液过量产生有关。此外,吸烟已被证明可以减弱COPD患者黏膜下腺体中AQP5的表达[39-40]。近年来,AQPs的表达与非小细胞肺癌关系密切[41],且AQP3与肠道菌群失调相关[42],据称AQP5还可以通过影响黏蛋白MUC5AC的分泌来促进肿瘤细胞的迁移[43],为本课题组进一步开展深入研究提供理论依据。
总之,本实验通过结合烟熏法、LPS气管滴注及番泻叶灌胃,成功构建了肺脾两虚型COPD大鼠模型,并使用益肺健脾方干预COPD大鼠模型,通过上调AQP3、AQP5,降低MUC5AC表达,抑制COPD气道炎症和黏液高分泌,证实了水通道蛋白AQP3、AQP5是益肺健脾方发挥抑制气道炎症和黏液高分泌的潜在靶点之一,为临床用药提供依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82274500)
  • 安徽省教育厅高校自然科学项目(KJ2020A0425)
  • 安徽省高等学校科学研究项目(2022AH050493)
  • 王胜安徽省名中医工作室项目(ahsmygzs20240039)
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2025年第43卷第12期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.007
  • 首发时间:2026-04-29
  • 出版时间:2025-12-10
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82274500)
安徽省教育厅高校自然科学项目(KJ2020A0425)
安徽省高等学校科学研究项目(2022AH050493)
王胜安徽省名中医工作室项目(ahsmygzs20240039)
作者信息
    1.安徽中医药大学第一临床医学院,安徽 合肥 230031
    2.安徽中医药大学,安徽 合肥 230031
    3.安徽中医药大学第一附属医院老年病中心,安徽 合肥 230031
    4.安徽省中医药科学院中医呼吸病防治研究所,安徽 合肥 230031
    5.安徽省教育厅重点实验室中医药防治肺系重大疾病重点实验室,安徽 合肥 230031

通讯作者:

王胜(1970-),男,安徽合肥人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中西医结合防治呼吸系统疾病。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zhzyyxk/CN/10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.12.007
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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