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Article(id=1322927261552353795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926985957221241, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.11.045, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793340037954, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1762704000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793340037954, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793340037953, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793340037953, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322926985957221241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762704000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339972247, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340743335, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322930220201804556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926985957221241, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322930220201804557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926985957221241, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=221, endPage=225, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322927261787234820, articleId=1322927261552353795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Efficacy of Sangju Qingjie Decoction（桑菊清解汤）in Treatment of Children with Lobar Pneumonia, columnId=1256183365644968140, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Platform of Provincial Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the clinical efficacy of Sangju Qingjie Decoction（桑菊清解汤）combined with symptomatic and supportive therapy including anti-infection，antipyretic therapy，fluid resuscitation and aerosol inhalation in children with lobar pneumonia.

Methods

A total of 198 children with lobar pneumonia were classified into two groups，each with 99 cases. The control group was given symptomatic supportive treatment such as anti-infection，antipyretic therapy，fluid replenishment and aerosol inhalation，while the observation group was given Sangju Qingjie Decoction on the basis of the control group. The levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein（hs-CRP），white blood cells（WBC），erythrocyte sedimentation rate（ESR），interleukin-6（IL-6），peak expiratory flow（PEF），forced respiratory volume in 1 second（FEV1）and FEV1 versus forced vital capacity（FEV1/FVC）were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Meantime，the time of fever reduction，the disappearance time of cough，sputum and wheezing，and hospital stay length，clinical efficacy and adverse reaction rate were also observed in both groups.

Results

The total efficacy rate in the observation group（97.98%，97/99）was higher than that in the control group（84.85%，84/99）with statistical difference（P<0.05）. The TCM syndrome scores including cough，wheezing，expectoration and wheezing yielded no statistical difference between two groups before treatment（P>0.05），and the scores were descended in two groups after treatment（P<0.05）. There were statistical difference before and after treatment in two groups（P<0.05）. After treatment，TCM syndromes score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group（P<0.05）. The observation group had descended time to fever reduction，cough disappearance，sputum disappearance，wheezing disappearance and hospital stay length compared with the control group（P<0.05）. The levels of IL-6，WBC，hs-CRPand ESR of two groups before treatment showed no statistical difference（P>0.05），and had statistical difference after treatment（P<0.05）. After treatment，the levels of IL-6，WBC，hs-CRPand ESR were lower in the observation group than those of the control group（P<0.05）. No statistical difference was found in FEV1，PEF or FEV1/FVC before treatment（P>0.05），while the post-treatment FEV1，PEF and FEV1/FVCdenoted statistical difference with those before treatment（P<0.05）. The three pulmonary function indicators were higher in the observation group than those of the control（P<0.05）. After treatment，the total adverse reaction rate was 5.05%（5/99）in the observation group，which was slightly lower than that of the control group（7.07%，7/99）（P>0.05）.

Conclusion

The application of Sangju Qingjie Decoction combined with symptomatic and supportive therapy including anti-infection，antipyretic therapy，fluid resuscitation and aerosol inhalation in children with lobar pneumonia can remarkably improve the clinical outcome in children by shortening the duration of treatment，cutting down the rate of adverse reaction，and improving lung function and the serum levels of inflammatory factors.

, authors=Wenying WANG, Yingying WANG, Yamin SHANG, authorsList=Wenying WANG, Yingying WANG, Yamin SHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322927264438034963, articleId=1322927261552353795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=桑菊清解汤在儿童大叶性肺炎治疗中的作用观察, columnId=1256183369033965799, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=省级项目平台, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究桑菊清解汤联合抗感染、退热、补液、雾化吸入等对症支持疗法对儿童大叶性肺炎疗效。

方法

采用随机分组法将198例大叶性肺炎儿童分为观察组与对照组。每组99例。对照组给予抗感染、退热、补液、雾化吸入等对症支持治疗，观察组在对照组基础上加用桑菊清解汤。比较两组治疗前后超敏C反应蛋白（high-sensitivity C-reactive protein，hs-CRP）、白细胞（white blood cells，WBC）、血沉（erythrocyte sedimentation rate，ESR）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6，IL-6）、呼气峰流量（peak expiratory flow，PEF）、第1秒用力呼吸容积（forced respiratory volume in 1 second，FEV1）、FEV1与用力肺活量比值（FEV1 versus forced vital capacity，FEV1/FVC）。分析两组患儿的咳嗽消失时长、退热时长、喘息消失时长、咳痰消失时长以及住院的具体天数。对比两组患儿临床方面的疗效和不良反应出现概率。

结果

总有效率方面，治疗后对照组患儿（84.85%，84/99）相较于观察组患儿（97.98%，97/99）更低（P<0.05）。咳嗽、喘息、咳痰和哮鸣音积分方面，治疗前两组患儿对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），治疗后上述积分相较于治疗前出现了明显的下降情况，且相较于对照组，观察组患儿更低（P<0.05）。观察组患儿咳嗽消失时长、退热时长、喘息消失时长、咳痰消失时长以及住院的具体天数均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。IL-6、WBC、hs-CRP和ESR的浓度水平方面，两组患儿治疗前对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），相较于治疗前，两组患儿治疗后上述指标的浓度水平改变明显（P<0.05），且观察组治疗后较对照组全部出现了下降情况（P<0.05）。FEV1、PEF和FEV1/FVC水平方面，两组患儿治疗前对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），相较于治疗前，两组患儿治疗后上述指标水平差异明显（P<0.05），且观察组治疗后这些指标较对照组高（P<0.05）。治疗后，观察组总不良反应发生率为5.05%（5/99）略低于对照组7.07%（7/99）（P>0.05）。

结论

桑菊清解汤联合抗感染、退热、补液、雾化吸入等对症支持疗法能有效缩短病程治疗时间、降低不良反应发生率、改善患儿肺功能和血清炎症因子水平，提高儿童大叶性肺炎临床疗效。

, authors=王文英, 王莹莹, 商亚敏, authorsList=王文英, 王莹莹, 商亚敏, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

王文英（1986-），女，河南开封人，主治医师，硕士，研究方向：儿科呼吸系统及新生儿疾病。

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王文英（1986-），女，河南开封人，主治医师，硕士，研究方向：儿科呼吸系统及新生儿疾病。

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王文英（1986-），女，河南开封人，主治医师，硕士，研究方向：儿科呼吸系统及新生儿疾病。

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组别例数痊愈有效无效总有效
观察组9990（90.91）7（7.07）2（2.02）97（97.98）a
对照组9961（61.62）23（23.23）15（15.15）84（84.85）
), ArticleFig(id=1322927269362147893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322927261552353795, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组大叶性肺炎患儿疗效比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数痊愈有效无效总有效
观察组9990（90.91）7（7.07）2（2.02）97（97.98）a
对照组9961（61.62）23（23.23）15（15.15）84（84.85）
), ArticleFig(id=1322927269433451062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322927261552353795, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数咳嗽喘息咳痰哮鸣音
治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后
观察组992.06±0.560.54±0.21ab1.82±0.790.42±0.64ab2.41±0.520.63±0.21ab0.82±0.340.41±0.12ab
对照组992.05±0.610.97±0.46b1.81±0.800.99±0.59b2.43±0.500.97±0.39b0.81±0.330.71±0.28b
), ArticleFig(id=1322927269513142839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322927261552353795, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组大叶性肺炎患儿治疗前后中医证候积分比较（±s）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数咳嗽喘息咳痰哮鸣音
治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后
观察组992.06±0.560.54±0.21ab1.82±0.790.42±0.64ab2.41±0.520.63±0.21ab0.82±0.340.41±0.12ab
对照组992.05±0.610.97±0.46b1.81±0.800.99±0.59b2.43±0.500.97±0.39b0.81±0.330.71±0.28b
), ArticleFig(id=1322927269773189688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322927261552353795, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数退热时间咳嗽消失时间喘息消失时间咳痰消失时间住院天数
观察组995.03±1.25a10.05±1.03a6.08±1.84a9.02±1.69a11.06±1.01a
对照组996.12±2.0911.18±1.247.26±1.8110.28±1.7113.32±1.12
), ArticleFig(id=1322927269857075769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322927261552353795, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两组大叶性肺炎患儿临床症状缓解时间（±s）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数退热时间咳嗽消失时间喘息消失时间咳痰消失时间住院天数
观察组995.03±1.25a10.05±1.03a6.08±1.84a9.02±1.69a11.06±1.01a
对照组996.12±2.0911.18±1.247.26±1.8110.28±1.7113.32±1.12
), ArticleFig(id=1322927269940961850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322927261552353795, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数IL-6/（μmol·L-1）WBC/（×109/L）hs-CRP/（mg/L）ESR/（mm/h）
治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后
观察组9945.24±5.0114.51±3.02ab13.27±4.819.24±2.06ab17.63±3.456.12±1.04ab39.75±5.2120.63±4.36ab
对照组9944.98±5.0219.36±3.69b13.34±4.7211.35±2.21b17.64±3.518.96±2.41b39.69±5.3025.01±4.12b
), ArticleFig(id=1322927270054208059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322927261552353795, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

两组大叶性肺炎患儿治疗前后血清炎性因子比较（±s）

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组别例数IL-6/（μmol·L-1）WBC/（×109/L）hs-CRP/（mg/L）ESR/（mm/h）
治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后
观察组9945.24±5.0114.51±3.02ab13.27±4.819.24±2.06ab17.63±3.456.12±1.04ab39.75±5.2120.63±4.36ab
对照组9944.98±5.0219.36±3.69b13.34±4.7211.35±2.21b17.64±3.518.96±2.41b39.69±5.3025.01±4.12b
), ArticleFig(id=1322927270221980220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322927261552353795, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数FEV1/（v·L-1）PEF/（v·L-1）FEV1/FVC/（%）
治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后
观察组991.42±0.342.49±0.37ab3.16±0.565.16±0.62ab70.82±5.2688.69±6.82ab
对照组991.48±0.362.12±0.24b3.17±0.594.35±0.51b70.83±5.2880.15±6.45b
), ArticleFig(id=1322927270297477693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322927261552353795, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

两组大叶性肺炎患儿治疗前后肺功能比较（±s）

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组别例数FEV1/（v·L-1）PEF/（v·L-1）FEV1/FVC/（%）
治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后
观察组991.42±0.342.49±0.37ab3.16±0.565.16±0.62ab70.82±5.2688.69±6.82ab
对照组991.48±0.362.12±0.24b3.17±0.594.35±0.51b70.83±5.2880.15±6.45b
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组别例数皮疹腹泻眩晕呕吐总不良反应
观察组992（2.02）3（3.03）0（0.00）5（5.05）
对照组990（0.00）5（5.05）2（2.02）7（7.07）
), ArticleFig(id=1322927270633022015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322927261552353795, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

两组大叶性肺炎患儿不良反应发生率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数皮疹腹泻眩晕呕吐总不良反应
观察组992（2.02）3（3.03）0（0.00）5（5.05）
对照组990（0.00）5（5.05）2（2.02）7（7.07）
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桑菊清解汤在儿童大叶性肺炎治疗中的作用观察
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王文英 , 王莹莹 , 商亚敏
中华中医药学刊 | 省级项目平台 2025,43(11): 221-225
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中华中医药学刊 |省级项目平台 2025 , 43 (11) : 221 -225
桑菊清解汤在儿童大叶性肺炎治疗中的作用观察
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王文英（1986-），女，河南开封人，主治医师，硕士，研究方向：儿科呼吸系统及新生儿疾病。

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王文英（1986-），女，河南开封人，主治医师，硕士，研究方向：儿科呼吸系统及新生儿疾病。

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王文英, 王莹莹, 商亚敏
作者信息
  • 河南大学淮河医院，河南 开封 475000
作者简介:

王文英（1986-），女，河南开封人，主治医师，硕士，研究方向：儿科呼吸系统及新生儿疾病。

Efficacy of Sangju Qingjie Decoction（桑菊清解汤）in Treatment of Children with Lobar Pneumonia
Wenying WANG, Yingying WANG, Yamin SHANG
Affiliations
  • Huaihe Hospital of Henan University，Kaifeng475000，Henan，China
出版时间: 2025-11-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.11.045
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摘要
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目的

探究桑菊清解汤联合抗感染、退热、补液、雾化吸入等对症支持疗法对儿童大叶性肺炎疗效。

方法

采用随机分组法将198例大叶性肺炎儿童分为观察组与对照组。每组99例。对照组给予抗感染、退热、补液、雾化吸入等对症支持治疗，观察组在对照组基础上加用桑菊清解汤。比较两组治疗前后超敏C反应蛋白（high-sensitivity C-reactive protein，hs-CRP）、白细胞（white blood cells，WBC）、血沉（erythrocyte sedimentation rate，ESR）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6，IL-6）、呼气峰流量（peak expiratory flow，PEF）、第1秒用力呼吸容积（forced respiratory volume in 1 second，FEV1）、FEV1与用力肺活量比值（FEV1 versus forced vital capacity，FEV1/FVC）。分析两组患儿的咳嗽消失时长、退热时长、喘息消失时长、咳痰消失时长以及住院的具体天数。对比两组患儿临床方面的疗效和不良反应出现概率。

结果

总有效率方面，治疗后对照组患儿（84.85%，84/99）相较于观察组患儿（97.98%，97/99）更低（P<0.05）。咳嗽、喘息、咳痰和哮鸣音积分方面，治疗前两组患儿对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），治疗后上述积分相较于治疗前出现了明显的下降情况，且相较于对照组，观察组患儿更低（P<0.05）。观察组患儿咳嗽消失时长、退热时长、喘息消失时长、咳痰消失时长以及住院的具体天数均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。IL-6、WBC、hs-CRP和ESR的浓度水平方面，两组患儿治疗前对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），相较于治疗前，两组患儿治疗后上述指标的浓度水平改变明显（P<0.05），且观察组治疗后较对照组全部出现了下降情况（P<0.05）。FEV1、PEF和FEV1/FVC水平方面，两组患儿治疗前对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），相较于治疗前，两组患儿治疗后上述指标水平差异明显（P<0.05），且观察组治疗后这些指标较对照组高（P<0.05）。治疗后，观察组总不良反应发生率为5.05%（5/99）略低于对照组7.07%（7/99）（P>0.05）。

结论

桑菊清解汤联合抗感染、退热、补液、雾化吸入等对症支持疗法能有效缩短病程治疗时间、降低不良反应发生率、改善患儿肺功能和血清炎症因子水平，提高儿童大叶性肺炎临床疗效。

桑菊清解汤  /  儿童大叶性肺炎  /  临床疗效  /  雾化吸入  /  补液  /  退热
Objective

To explore the clinical efficacy of Sangju Qingjie Decoction（桑菊清解汤）combined with symptomatic and supportive therapy including anti-infection，antipyretic therapy，fluid resuscitation and aerosol inhalation in children with lobar pneumonia.

Methods

A total of 198 children with lobar pneumonia were classified into two groups，each with 99 cases. The control group was given symptomatic supportive treatment such as anti-infection，antipyretic therapy，fluid replenishment and aerosol inhalation，while the observation group was given Sangju Qingjie Decoction on the basis of the control group. The levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein（hs-CRP），white blood cells（WBC），erythrocyte sedimentation rate（ESR），interleukin-6（IL-6），peak expiratory flow（PEF），forced respiratory volume in 1 second（FEV1）and FEV1 versus forced vital capacity（FEV1/FVC）were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Meantime，the time of fever reduction，the disappearance time of cough，sputum and wheezing，and hospital stay length，clinical efficacy and adverse reaction rate were also observed in both groups.

Results

The total efficacy rate in the observation group（97.98%，97/99）was higher than that in the control group（84.85%，84/99）with statistical difference（P<0.05）. The TCM syndrome scores including cough，wheezing，expectoration and wheezing yielded no statistical difference between two groups before treatment（P>0.05），and the scores were descended in two groups after treatment（P<0.05）. There were statistical difference before and after treatment in two groups（P<0.05）. After treatment，TCM syndromes score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group（P<0.05）. The observation group had descended time to fever reduction，cough disappearance，sputum disappearance，wheezing disappearance and hospital stay length compared with the control group（P<0.05）. The levels of IL-6，WBC，hs-CRPand ESR of two groups before treatment showed no statistical difference（P>0.05），and had statistical difference after treatment（P<0.05）. After treatment，the levels of IL-6，WBC，hs-CRPand ESR were lower in the observation group than those of the control group（P<0.05）. No statistical difference was found in FEV1，PEF or FEV1/FVC before treatment（P>0.05），while the post-treatment FEV1，PEF and FEV1/FVCdenoted statistical difference with those before treatment（P<0.05）. The three pulmonary function indicators were higher in the observation group than those of the control（P<0.05）. After treatment，the total adverse reaction rate was 5.05%（5/99）in the observation group，which was slightly lower than that of the control group（7.07%，7/99）（P>0.05）.

Conclusion

The application of Sangju Qingjie Decoction combined with symptomatic and supportive therapy including anti-infection，antipyretic therapy，fluid resuscitation and aerosol inhalation in children with lobar pneumonia can remarkably improve the clinical outcome in children by shortening the duration of treatment，cutting down the rate of adverse reaction，and improving lung function and the serum levels of inflammatory factors.

Sangju Qingjie Decoction（桑菊清解汤）  /  lobar pneumonia in children  /  clinical efficacy  /  aerosol inhalation  /  fluid resuscitation  /  antipyretic therapy
王文英, 王莹莹, 商亚敏. 桑菊清解汤在儿童大叶性肺炎治疗中的作用观察. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (11) : 221 -225 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.11.045
Wenying WANG, Yingying WANG, Yamin SHANG. Efficacy of Sangju Qingjie Decoction（桑菊清解汤）in Treatment of Children with Lobar Pneumonia[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (11) : 221 -225 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.11.045
正文
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社区获得性肺炎是儿童最常见的呼吸系统疾病之一，通常需要住院治疗，大叶性肺炎（lobar pneumonia，LP）是儿童最常见的社区获得性肺炎之一[1]。LP大多是因肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌感染诱发，其炎症主要是肺泡内弥漫性渗出纤维素。2020年12岁以下人群LP的发病率已达到0.4% ～1.6%，并呈逐年上升趋势[2]。LP常急性起病，病情严重，患儿常表现为突发高热、寒战、胸痛、咳嗽、刻铁色痰、呼吸困难，部分患者还会出现消化系统、神经系统相关症状，如不得到有效控制，可能诱发脑膜炎和其他严重的并发症[3]，增加了患儿的发病率、病死率及医疗费用[4-5]。目前，LP多采用大环内酯类抗生素治疗，可有效控制疾病的进展。然而由于抗生素的广泛应用，抗生素耐药性在全球范围内的出现和蔓延，直接导致治疗周期延长、并发症增加，甚至死亡，儿童LP的耐药性逐渐成为影响LP治疗效果的关键问题[6]。据调查，仍有约3%～5%的LP患儿在治疗后仍存在永久性肺部或神经系统后遗症，严重影响其未来的健康成长[7]。因此，有必要控制细菌耐药性的进一步蔓延，探索新的抗菌方法。
中医是补充和替代医学的重要组成部分，使用中草药治疗感染性疾病是中国人几千年的经验，疗效显著，但既往仅在中国广泛应用。因此，要在全球范围内推广中医药治疗感染性疾病仍需要大量的科学证据来证明其有效性，特别是来自随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、多中心临床试验的证据[8]。近年来随着振兴中医药发展，我国儿童LP治愈率显著提高[9]，对于儿童上呼吸道感染的治疗，中国医师倾向于采用中医药联合治疗[10]，中西医结合治疗儿童LP已成为临床工作者的重要治愈方法[11]。中医在局部和整体相结合方式的治疗方面比较重视，中医药通过“多方、多靶点、多途径”发挥作用，更能有效提高患儿的治愈率，它不仅可以缓解儿童LP呼吸系统症状，还可以在一定程度上消除大环内酯类抗生素的耐药性并预防相关的神经系统并发症[12]。中医认为患儿LP是一类“肺炎喘嗽”，且通过辨证论治诊断为痰热闭肺，应采用清热化痰、定喘开肺治疗。基于此本试验采用桑菊清解汤联合抗感染、退热、补液、雾化吸入等对症支持疗法对儿童LP疗效进行探究。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　一般资料
选取2021年2月—2022年2月我院儿科收治的儿童LP共198例为此次试验对象，随机分为两组。观察组99例，男女比例57∶42，平均年龄（5.26±0.69）岁，病程1～7 d，平均（3.56±0.35）d。咳嗽时长1～7 d，平均（3.63±0.42）d。病变的具体部位：左侧52例，右侧47例。对照组99例，男女比例56∶43，平均年龄（5.19±0.71）岁，病程1～7 d，平均（3.49±0.31）d。咳嗽时长1～7 d，平均（3.71±0.35）d。病变的具体部位：左侧54例，右侧45例。两组患儿一般方面的资料可比，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。此次试验通过了本院的医学伦理委员会批准。
1.1.1　诊断标准
（1）西医诊断标准[13]：①入院影像学检查可以观察到肺部出现了大片炎症浸润阴影，实变阴影里面可以观察到支气管充气症，肋膈角位置存在少量的胸腔积液。②实验室检查能够观察到中性粒、白细胞的数目上升。（2）中医诊断标准：符合《中西医结合儿科学》[14]关于“痰热闭肺型”肺炎相关的喘嗽，主症：鼻煽，气喘，喉间存在痰鸣，如拽锯声，发热，烦躁不安。重症颜面口唇有青紫出现，身摇撷肚，两胁扇动。次症舌质呈现出淡紫色，脉滑数，苔白厚且腻。
1.1.2　纳入的具体标准
①符合西医以及中医相关确诊的标准。②年龄在3～10岁。③符合儿童LP确诊的标准。④患儿及其监护人知情同意并签署知情同意书。⑤患儿冷凝试验呈现阳性。
1.1.3　排除的具体标准
①合并有凝血系统有问题者。②处于急性期，且呼吸衰竭、心力衰竭患儿。③口服中药困难者。④诊断治疗前接受过相关治疗。⑤患有免疫以及血液方面的疾病或者是传染性疾病。
1.2　方法
两组患儿入院后给予相关检查，对照组患儿针对发热情况给予小儿柴桂退热颗粒（贵州百灵公司，规格4 g，国药准字为Z20050429）口服治疗，3～<4岁4 g/次，4～<7岁6 g/次，7～10岁8 g/次，该药口服3次/d。当患儿体温超过38.5℃，则口服布洛芬混悬液（强生公司，规格是100 mL，国药准字H19991011）治疗，3～<4岁4 mL/次，4～<7岁5 mL/次，7～<9岁8 mL/次，9～10岁10 mL/次，持续发热则间隔4～6 h给药，24 h不超过4次。高热时患儿还需进行补液，采用0.9%氯化钠溶液1000 mL，进行快速滴注，补液还需结合患儿尿量变化。雾化吸入采用乙酰半胱氨酸（Zambon S.p.A.规格3 mL，进口药品证号H20110405）治疗，雾化吸入3 mL/次，1～2次/d，持续5～10 d，根据患儿病情程度进行调整雾化吸入。
观察组加用桑菊清解汤治疗，方剂具体组成：桑白皮15 g，菊花10 g，川贝10 g，竹黄10 g，车前子10 g，芦根10 g，甘草5 g，1剂/d，水煎煮，煎煮前放入1000 mL水中浸泡，水煎煮收汁500 mL，2次/d，早晚分服。两组患儿不间断地给予2个疗程治疗，1个疗程时长为1周。
1.3　观察指标
1.3.1　临床疗效
采用《中医病证相关的诊断疗效标准》[15]。痊愈：患儿的肺炎方面的症状基本消失，体温转为正常，影像学能够观察到肺部的病灶完全被吸收且肺部啰音消失。好转：患儿肺炎方面的症状有所缓解，影像学能够观察到肺部的病灶大多被吸收且肺部的啰音出现了减少。无效：患儿的肺炎相关症状并没有显著改善，甚至发生了病情加重的情况。临床总有效率＝痊愈率＋好转率。
1.3.2　中医证候积分
根据《中药新药临床研究指导原则》[16]中医证候量表进行两组患儿治疗前后喘息、咳嗽、哮鸣音和咳痰等中医证候积分比较。无为0分，轻度为1分，中度为2分，重度为3分。
1.3.3　临床症状
观察两组患儿治疗后的咳嗽消失时长、退热时长、喘息消失时长、咳痰消失时长以及住院的具体天数。
1.3.4　血清炎性因子
两组患儿治疗前后抽取空腹静脉血5 mL，离心半径8 cm，3000 r/min，离心min。采用全自动血液分析仪［厂家：希森美康医用电子（上海）有限公司，型号：XN-9000］检测白细胞介素-6（interleukin，IL-6）、白细胞数（white blood cell，WBC）、超敏C反应蛋白（hypersensitive C-reactive protein，hs-CRP）、血沉（erythrocyte sedimentation rate，ESR）水平变化。
1.3.5　肺功能
两组患者治疗前后采用美国康尔福盛Care-Fusion Gemany234GmbH肺功能检测仪MasterScreen（国食药监测字2012第2213885号）检测第1秒用力呼吸容积（forced expiratory volume in 1 second，FEV1）、最大呼气流量（maximum expiratory flow，PEF）、FEV1与用力肺活量的比值（FEV1 versus forced vital capacity，FEV1/FVC）。
1.3.6　不良反应
观察两组治疗后皮疹、腹泻等发生率。
1.4　统计学方法
采用SPSS20.0统计分析。以（）描述符合正态分布的计量资料，组间用独立样本t检验，以“%”描述计数资料，组间用χ2检验，P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
2　结果
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2.1　临床疗效比较
总有效率方面，治疗后相较于对照组，观察组患儿更高（P<0.05），见表1。
2.2　中医证候积分比较
咳嗽、喘息、咳痰和哮鸣音积分方面，治疗前两组患儿对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），治疗后上述积分相较于治疗前出现了明显的下降情况，且相较于对照组，观察组患儿更低（P<0.05），见表2。
2.3　临床症状比较
观察组患儿咳嗽消失时长、退热时长、喘息消失时长、咳痰消失时长以及住院的具体天数均明显低于对照组（P<0.05），见表3。
2.4　血清炎性因子比较
IL-6、WBC、hs-CRP和ESR的浓度水平方面，两组患儿治疗前对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），相较于治疗前，两组患儿治疗后上述指标的浓度水平改变明显（P<0.05），且观察组治疗后较对照组全部出现了下降情况（P<0.05），见表4。
2.5　肺功能比较
FEV1、PEF和FEV1/FVC水平方面，两组患儿治疗前对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），相较于治疗前，两组患儿治疗后上述指标水平差异明显（P<0.05），且观察组治疗后这些指标较对照组高（P<0.05），见表5。
2.6　不良反应比较
治疗后，观察组总不良反应发生率略低于对照组（P>0.05），见表6。
3　讨论
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肺炎是一个严重的全球健康问题，也是全球传染病最常见的死因，每年可导致350万人死亡[17]。儿童由于其特殊的生理和病理因素，是肺炎病死率最高的人群。LP是临床上儿童群体里面发病率比较高的疾病，当儿童机体发生过度疲劳或者是受到了外界影响造成自身免疫功能低下和呼吸道防御方面的能力降低，支气管黏膜会发生充血水肿，通气功能下降，肺泡壁进一步的充血水肿，炎性分泌物增多，诱发患儿换气功能障碍[18]。LP患儿多数临床症状的表现并不典型，症状具有隐匿性，无铁锈色痰和寒战等传统的LP明显特征[19]。
儿童LP在中医学中并没有这个病名，该病归属于“肺炎喘嗽”范畴。肺炎喘嗽的病因，有内外因之分。内因责之于小儿正气虚损；外因责之于客邪侵肺。客邪由口鼻或皮毛侵犯人体，先犯肺卫，而后犯肺；或邪气直中于肺，闭阻于肺，肺失宣肃；上源不利，水湿内停，闭阻于肺；湿郁化热，湿与热结，形成湿热阻肺。病势渐退，正气已虚。若邪热未尽，痰浊未清或热盛伤阴，则为正虚邪恋，本病以心阳虚衰为常见病证。肺居于横膈之上，上连气道，与喉、鼻相通。肺主要用于控制呼吸，《素问·五脏生成篇》指出“诸气者都属于肺”。肺朝百脉，有助心行血，心气作为脉管中血液流动的最基本动力，但其具体的运行情况又依靠肺气的调节和推动。肺利用呼吸运动，对全身的气机予以调节，从而加速血液的流动，同时肺参与宗气的生成，而宗气主要通过“贯心脉”来推动血液的流动。肺气虚会造成百脉无力，血液的流动受到阻碍，久滞成瘀阻肺，加之肺气宣发肃降功能失调，津液不能得到输布而停滞，聚集成痰，痰瘀互结造成肺气损伤。痰郁久化热，产生痰热郁结这一症状。当外邪侵入人体后，先进入肺部，造成肺气上冲，导致通气换气方面的功能出现一定的障碍，从而诱发喘息、咳嗽等症状出现。肺部痰热炽盛，引起患儿发热，上心神，出现烦躁易怒。因此该病辨为“痰热闭肺型”肺炎喘嗽。佐以清热涤痰，开肺定喘为治法，辅以桑菊清解汤治疗。方药组成：菊花、桑白皮、竹黄、川贝、芦根、车前子、甘草。其中桑白皮作为此药方的君药，具有平喘泻肺、消肿利水方面的功效。菊花、竹黄、川贝为臣药，菊花散风清热，平肝明目的作用。竹黄具有化痰止咳、补中益气的作用。川贝母均有化痰清热、止咳润肺、消肿散结的功效。芦根和车前子为佐药，芦根用于肺热咳嗽。车前子具有清热、祛痰的作用。甘草作为此药方的使药，在方中发挥和中缓急的作用，使方药清肺热功效不至于太强。全方诸药联合使用发挥清热涤痰，开肺定喘的功效。因此本研究旨在中西医结合理论指导下，探索桑菊清解汤联合抗感染、退热、补液、雾化吸入等对症支持疗法对儿童LP疗效的影响。
本研究采用随机分组法将我院儿科收治的198例儿童大叶性肺炎平均分为观察组与对照组，两组患儿入院后给予相关检查，对照组患儿给予抗感染、退热、补液、雾化吸入等对症支持治疗，观察组患者在对照组的基础上加用桑菊清解汤治疗，比较两组患儿的治疗效果。本研究发现，在总体效率方面，治疗后观察组患儿的总体有效率明显高于对照组患儿，在临床症状方面，两组患儿经治疗后其喘息、咳嗽、哮鸣音和咳痰症状均显著下降，观察组患儿较相较于对照组患儿更低，且采用桑菊清解汤联合西医常规治疗能有效降低患儿中医证候积分；在肺功能方面，经治疗后，观察组患儿的肺功能指标FEV1、PEF、FEV1/FVC水平均明显优于对照组。这一结果提示桑菊清解汤辅助治疗能更好地改善患儿肺功能指标，桑菊清解汤的主要成分包括甘草、竹黄、芦根、桑白皮、车前子、川贝母、菊花，其主要功效为解毒清热、止咳润肺、消肿、止血，其次还具有一定的调节人体免疫系统、镇痛、抗炎、抗溃疡等作用[20]。现代研究显示方中川贝母具有改善肺功能的作用，《本草经疏》中指出“贝母，肺有热进而生痰，或为热邪所干，烦闷喘嗽，必此主之车前子镇咳、祛痰、平喘的作用”。
另外，本研究分析了两组患儿治疗前后血清炎性因子的变化情况，结果显示与治疗前相比，两组患儿治疗后IL-6、WBC、hs-CRP和ESR水平明显下降，且观察组患儿经治疗后IL-6、WBC、hs-CRP和ESR水平显著低于对照组。这表明，经治疗后，LP患儿体内的炎症反应明显减弱，且探索桑菊清解汤联合抗感染、退热、补液、雾化吸入等对症支持疗法可明显降低LP患儿体内的炎症反应。炎症反应是LP发生和进展中最基本的病理过程，临床医师在评估LP严重程度的指标之一是炎症指标，例如C反应蛋白[21]。C反应蛋白与其他临床症状一起，可用于诊断严重的细菌感染，包括败血症、脑膜炎、骨髓炎、蜂窝织炎、阑尾炎、骨和关节感染以及许多其他感染或炎症[22]。在健康儿童体内，hs-CRP呈现低表达的状态。而LP患儿发生肺部的炎症感染之后，hs-CRP在血清内的浓度水平明显升高，且其浓度水平和组织损伤及感染的程度呈正相关。WBC是人体抗感染的重要细胞，可通过血常规检查白细胞计数来诊断患儿是否感染和感染程度，也作为治疗效果的观察指标[23]。目前包括IL-6在内的IL家族已被多次证明参与肺炎的发生和进展过程[24]。IL-6作为一种重要的炎症因子，是由成纤维细胞和T细胞活化之后所分泌，能够让B细胞前体分泌抗体，当机体出现反应时水平含量会随之升高[25]。ESR在临床炎症感染中具有重要意义，在机体炎症反应时，ESR的下沉速率会加快[26]。本研究的试验结果表明经治疗后观察组患儿血清IL-6、WBC、hs-CRP和ESR水平均显著低于对照组，这得益于方中桑白皮的作用。现代的药理学分析可以观察到桑白皮存在抗炎方面的作用，桑白皮提取物中桑根酮B具有抗炎活性，能显著下调IL-6的合成。既往有研究证实，桑根酮B可显著下调炎症因子NO、TNF-α、IL-6的合成，并抑制了RAW264.7细胞中iNOS、COX-2 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平，从而达到抗炎作用[27]。另外，本研究结果显示，观察组患儿咳嗽消失时长、退热时长、喘息消失时长、咳痰消失时长以及住院的具体天数均明显低于对照组，观察组不良反应与对照组无明显统计学差异，这说明桑菊清解汤的安全性较高，适用于LP患儿的辅助治疗，中药共同作用种类较多，能进一步提高患儿疗效。本试验存在试验数量不够，且未对中药作用因子进行探究，往后会进行大量反复实验和对作用机理进行进一步探究。
综上所述，桑菊清解汤联合抗感染、退热、补液、雾化吸入等对症支持疗法能有效缩短病程治疗时间、降低不良反应发生率、改善患儿肺功能和血清炎症因子水平，提高儿童LP临床疗效。
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  • 河南省医学科技攻关发展项目(212102312651)
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参考文献 引证文献
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2025年第43卷第11期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.11.045
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2025-11-10
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河南省医学科技攻关发展项目(212102312651)
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    河南大学淮河医院，河南 开封 475000
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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