Article(id=1322928480849101206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926985957221241, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.11.021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793340328656, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1762704000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793340328656, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793340328656, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793340328656, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322926985957221241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762704000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339972247, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340743335, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322930220201804556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926985957221241, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322930220201804557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926985957221241, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=98, endPage=102, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322928481226588567, articleId=1322928480849101206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Effects of Acupuncture at Spleen Meridian's Shu and Mu Acupoints Combined with Treadmill Training on Skeletal Muscle Proteins and Muscle Satellite Cells in Gastrocnemius Muscle of Rats with Sciatic Nerve Injury, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To observe the effects of acupuncture at the back-Shu and front-Mu acupoints of the spleen meridian combined with treadmill training on the expressions of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase(p70S6K),paired box transcription factor 7(Pax7)and myogenic differentiation antigen(MyoD)in the atrophied gastrocnemius muscle of a rat model with sciatic nerve transection,and to explore the mechanism by which acupuncture at the spleen meridian acupoints combined with treadmill training delays denervation-induced muscle atrophy.

Methods

Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,treadmill exercise group,acupuncture group and acupuncture combined with treadmill exercise group(combination group),with 6 rats in each group. Except for the normal group,the rats in the other groups were subjected to sciatic nerve transection to establish a model of denervation-induced muscle atrophy in the left hind limb. Three days after successful modeling,the treatment was initiated. The acupuncture group received acupuncture at Pishu(BL20)and Zhangmen(LR13)once a day,6 times per week. The treadmill exercise group underwent treadmill training once a day,6 times per week. The combination group received treadmill training followed by acupuncture treatment(the same method as the above). The intervention lasted for 4 consecutive weeks. The gastrocnemius muscle wet weight ratio was calculated for each group. Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle fibers. Western blot and RTPCR methods were employed to detect the protein and gene expression levels of mTOR,p70S6K,Pax7 and MyoDin the gastrocnemius muscle of each group.

Results

The wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle and the average cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle cells in the model group were lower than those in the normal group(P<0.05). The wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle and the average cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle cells in the treadmill exercise group,acupuncture group and combination group were higher than those in the model group(P<0.05). The wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle and the average cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle cells in the combination group were higher than those in the acupuncture group and treadmill exercise group(P<0.05). The expressions of mTOR,p70S6K,pax7 and Myod proteins and genes in the gastrocnemius muscle of the model group rats were lower than those in the normal group(P<0.05). The expressions of mTOR,p70S6K,pax7 and Myod proteins and genes in the gastrocnemius muscle of the acupuncture group,treadmill exercise group and combination group were higher than those in the model group(P<0.05),and the expressions of mTOR,p70S6K,pax7 and Myod proteins and genes in the affected side gastrocnemius muscle of the combination group were higher than those in the acupuncture group and treadmill exercise group(P<0.05).

Conclusion

Acupuncture at the back-Shu and front-Mu acupoints of the spleen meridian and treadmill training may promote the synthesis of skeletal muscle-related synthetic proteins and increase the differentiation levels of skeletal muscle satellite cells by enhancing the expressions of mTOR,p70S6K,pax7 and Myod proteins and genes,thereby delaying denervated muscular atrophy.

, authors=Bo ZHANG1, Guoping CHEN2, Xiaojing GUO1, Shanhong WU2, Mingyue ZHAO2, Li ZHANG2, Shujin WANG1, Huan QIN1, Yan WANG2, authorsList=Bo ZHANG, Guoping CHEN, Xiaojing GUO, Shanhong WU, Mingyue ZHAO, Li ZHANG, Shujin WANG, Huan QIN, Yan WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322928482916893090, articleId=1322928480849101206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=针刺脾经俞募穴结合跑台训练对坐骨神经损伤大鼠腓肠肌骨骼肌蛋白及肌卫星细胞影响的实验研究, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

观察针刺脾经俞募穴结合跑台训练对坐骨神经离断大鼠模型萎缩腓肠肌肌蛋白合成相关因子哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)、p70核糖体蛋白S6激酶(p70 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase,p70S6K)、肌卫星细胞配对盒转录因子(paired box transcription factor 7,pax7)、成肌分化抗原(myogenic differentiation antigen,Myod)的影响,探讨针刺脾经俞募穴结合跑台训练延缓失神经肌萎缩的机制。

方法

SD大鼠30只,随机分为:正常组、模型组、跑台组、针刺组、针刺结合跑台组(结合组),每组6只。除正常组外,其余组大鼠采用离断坐骨神经制备左后肢失神经肌萎缩模型。造模成功3 d后开始治疗,针刺组给予针刺脾俞、章门穴治疗,1次/d,6次/周;跑台组给予跑台训练,1次/d,6次/周;结合组大鼠先进行跑台训练,后进行针刺治疗(方法同上)。连续干预4周,计算各组大鼠的腓肠肌湿重比、HE染色观察腓肠肌纤维横截面积、Western blot法和RT-PCR法检测各组大鼠腓肠肌mTOR、p70S6K、pax7、Myod蛋白及基因表达情况。

结果

模型组大鼠腓肠肌湿重比和腓肠肌细胞平均横截面积低于正常组(P<0.05);跑台组、针刺组、结合组大鼠腓肠肌湿重比和腓肠肌肌细胞平均横截面积高于模型组(P<0.05);结合组大鼠腓肠肌湿重比、腓肠肌肌细胞平均横截面积高于针刺组、跑台组(P<0.05);模型组大鼠腓肠肌mTOR、p70S6K、pax7、Myod蛋白及基因表达低于正常组(P<0.05);针刺组、跑台组、结合组大鼠腓肠肌mTOR、p70S6K、pax7、Myod蛋白及基因表达高于模型组(P<0.05),结合组大鼠患侧腓肠肌mTOR、p70S6K、pax7、Myod蛋白及基因表达高于针刺组、跑台组(P<0.05)。

结论

针刺脾经俞募穴和跑台训练可能通过提高mTOR、p70S6K、pax7、Myod蛋白及基因表达,促进骨骼肌相关合成蛋白合成,提高骨骼肌肌卫星细胞分化水平,延缓失神经肌萎缩。

, authors=张博1, 陈国平2, 郭孝静1, 吴珊红2, 赵明月2, 张立2, 王淑瑾1, 秦欢1, 王艳2, authorsList=张博, 陈国平, 郭孝静, 吴珊红, 赵明月, 张立, 王淑瑾, 秦欢, 王艳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王艳, authorNote=

张博(1997-),男,黑龙江五常人,博士在读,研究方向:功能障碍的中医康复基础与临床。

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王艳(1967-),女,辽宁大连人,教授、主任医师,博士研究生导师,研究方向:功能障碍的中医康复基础与临床。E-mail:。
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张博(1997-),男,黑龙江五常人,博士在读,研究方向:功能障碍的中医康复基础与临床。

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张博(1997-),男,黑龙江五常人,博士在读,研究方向:功能障碍的中医康复基础与临床。

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基因名称引物序列产物长度/(bp)
pax7上游:AGAGGACGATGAGGAAGGAG183
下游:TGCTCAGCCGTGAATGTG
Myod上游:TCCAGCAACCCGAACCAG223
下游:CCATCATGCCATCAGAGCAGT
mTOR上游:TCATTCACCCGATTGTTC175
下游:ATCAGCACGTCGTAGCG
p70s6k上游:AATGCTGCTTCTCGTCTT228
下游:CTGGTTGGCACTTTCACT
β-actin上游:GGAGATTACTGCCCTGGCTCCTAGC155
下游:GGCCGGACTCATCGTACTCCTGCTT
), ArticleFig(id=1322928488134607339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322928480849101206, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因名称引物序列产物长度/(bp)
pax7上游:AGAGGACGATGAGGAAGGAG183
下游:TGCTCAGCCGTGAATGTG
Myod上游:TCCAGCAACCCGAACCAG223
下游:CCATCATGCCATCAGAGCAGT
mTOR上游:TCATTCACCCGATTGTTC175
下游:ATCAGCACGTCGTAGCG
p70s6k上游:AATGCTGCTTCTCGTCTT228
下游:CTGGTTGGCACTTTCACT
β-actin上游:GGAGATTACTGCCCTGGCTCCTAGC155
下游:GGCCGGACTCATCGTACTCCTGCTT
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针刺脾经俞募穴结合跑台训练对坐骨神经损伤大鼠腓肠肌骨骼肌蛋白及肌卫星细胞影响的实验研究
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张博 1 , 陈国平 2 , 郭孝静 1 , 吴珊红 2 , 赵明月 2 , 张立 2 , 王淑瑾 1 , 秦欢 1 , 王艳 2
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(11): 98-102
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (11) : 98 -102
针刺脾经俞募穴结合跑台训练对坐骨神经损伤大鼠腓肠肌骨骼肌蛋白及肌卫星细胞影响的实验研究
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张博(1997-),男,黑龙江五常人,博士在读,研究方向:功能障碍的中医康复基础与临床。

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张博(1997-),男,黑龙江五常人,博士在读,研究方向:功能障碍的中医康复基础与临床。

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张博1, 陈国平2, 郭孝静1, 吴珊红2, 赵明月2, 张立2, 王淑瑾1, 秦欢1, 王艳2
作者信息
  • 1.黑龙江中医药大学,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150006
  • 2.黑龙江中医药大学附属第二医院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040
通讯作者:
王艳(1967-),女,辽宁大连人,教授、主任医师,博士研究生导师,研究方向:功能障碍的中医康复基础与临床。E-mail:。
作者简介:

张博(1997-),男,黑龙江五常人,博士在读,研究方向:功能障碍的中医康复基础与临床。

Experimental Study on Effects of Acupuncture at Spleen Meridian's Shu and Mu Acupoints Combined with Treadmill Training on Skeletal Muscle Proteins and Muscle Satellite Cells in Gastrocnemius Muscle of Rats with Sciatic Nerve Injury
Bo ZHANG1, Guoping CHEN2, Xiaojing GUO1, Shanhong WU2, Mingyue ZHAO2, Li ZHANG2, Shujin WANG1, Huan QIN1, Yan WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine,Harbin 150006,Heilongjiang,China
  • 2.The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,China
出版时间: 2025-11-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.11.021
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目的

观察针刺脾经俞募穴结合跑台训练对坐骨神经离断大鼠模型萎缩腓肠肌肌蛋白合成相关因子哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)、p70核糖体蛋白S6激酶(p70 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase,p70S6K)、肌卫星细胞配对盒转录因子(paired box transcription factor 7,pax7)、成肌分化抗原(myogenic differentiation antigen,Myod)的影响,探讨针刺脾经俞募穴结合跑台训练延缓失神经肌萎缩的机制。

方法

SD大鼠30只,随机分为:正常组、模型组、跑台组、针刺组、针刺结合跑台组(结合组),每组6只。除正常组外,其余组大鼠采用离断坐骨神经制备左后肢失神经肌萎缩模型。造模成功3 d后开始治疗,针刺组给予针刺脾俞、章门穴治疗,1次/d,6次/周;跑台组给予跑台训练,1次/d,6次/周;结合组大鼠先进行跑台训练,后进行针刺治疗(方法同上)。连续干预4周,计算各组大鼠的腓肠肌湿重比、HE染色观察腓肠肌纤维横截面积、Western blot法和RT-PCR法检测各组大鼠腓肠肌mTOR、p70S6K、pax7、Myod蛋白及基因表达情况。

结果

模型组大鼠腓肠肌湿重比和腓肠肌细胞平均横截面积低于正常组(P<0.05);跑台组、针刺组、结合组大鼠腓肠肌湿重比和腓肠肌肌细胞平均横截面积高于模型组(P<0.05);结合组大鼠腓肠肌湿重比、腓肠肌肌细胞平均横截面积高于针刺组、跑台组(P<0.05);模型组大鼠腓肠肌mTOR、p70S6K、pax7、Myod蛋白及基因表达低于正常组(P<0.05);针刺组、跑台组、结合组大鼠腓肠肌mTOR、p70S6K、pax7、Myod蛋白及基因表达高于模型组(P<0.05),结合组大鼠患侧腓肠肌mTOR、p70S6K、pax7、Myod蛋白及基因表达高于针刺组、跑台组(P<0.05)。

结论

针刺脾经俞募穴和跑台训练可能通过提高mTOR、p70S6K、pax7、Myod蛋白及基因表达,促进骨骼肌相关合成蛋白合成,提高骨骼肌肌卫星细胞分化水平,延缓失神经肌萎缩。

失神经肌萎缩  /  哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白  /  p70核糖体蛋白S6激酶  /  肌卫星细胞  /  配对盒转录因子  /  成肌分化抗原
Objective

To observe the effects of acupuncture at the back-Shu and front-Mu acupoints of the spleen meridian combined with treadmill training on the expressions of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase(p70S6K),paired box transcription factor 7(Pax7)and myogenic differentiation antigen(MyoD)in the atrophied gastrocnemius muscle of a rat model with sciatic nerve transection,and to explore the mechanism by which acupuncture at the spleen meridian acupoints combined with treadmill training delays denervation-induced muscle atrophy.

Methods

Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,treadmill exercise group,acupuncture group and acupuncture combined with treadmill exercise group(combination group),with 6 rats in each group. Except for the normal group,the rats in the other groups were subjected to sciatic nerve transection to establish a model of denervation-induced muscle atrophy in the left hind limb. Three days after successful modeling,the treatment was initiated. The acupuncture group received acupuncture at Pishu(BL20)and Zhangmen(LR13)once a day,6 times per week. The treadmill exercise group underwent treadmill training once a day,6 times per week. The combination group received treadmill training followed by acupuncture treatment(the same method as the above). The intervention lasted for 4 consecutive weeks. The gastrocnemius muscle wet weight ratio was calculated for each group. Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle fibers. Western blot and RTPCR methods were employed to detect the protein and gene expression levels of mTOR,p70S6K,Pax7 and MyoDin the gastrocnemius muscle of each group.

Results

The wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle and the average cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle cells in the model group were lower than those in the normal group(P<0.05). The wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle and the average cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle cells in the treadmill exercise group,acupuncture group and combination group were higher than those in the model group(P<0.05). The wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle and the average cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle cells in the combination group were higher than those in the acupuncture group and treadmill exercise group(P<0.05). The expressions of mTOR,p70S6K,pax7 and Myod proteins and genes in the gastrocnemius muscle of the model group rats were lower than those in the normal group(P<0.05). The expressions of mTOR,p70S6K,pax7 and Myod proteins and genes in the gastrocnemius muscle of the acupuncture group,treadmill exercise group and combination group were higher than those in the model group(P<0.05),and the expressions of mTOR,p70S6K,pax7 and Myod proteins and genes in the affected side gastrocnemius muscle of the combination group were higher than those in the acupuncture group and treadmill exercise group(P<0.05).

Conclusion

Acupuncture at the back-Shu and front-Mu acupoints of the spleen meridian and treadmill training may promote the synthesis of skeletal muscle-related synthetic proteins and increase the differentiation levels of skeletal muscle satellite cells by enhancing the expressions of mTOR,p70S6K,pax7 and Myod proteins and genes,thereby delaying denervated muscular atrophy.

denervation myasthenia gravis  /  mammalian target of rapamycin  /  P70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase  /  myosatellite cells  /  paired box transcription factor  /  myogenic differentiation antigen
张博, 陈国平, 郭孝静, 吴珊红, 赵明月, 张立, 王淑瑾, 秦欢, 王艳. 针刺脾经俞募穴结合跑台训练对坐骨神经损伤大鼠腓肠肌骨骼肌蛋白及肌卫星细胞影响的实验研究. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (11) : 98 -102 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.11.021
Bo ZHANG, Guoping CHEN, Xiaojing GUO, Shanhong WU, Mingyue ZHAO, Li ZHANG, Shujin WANG, Huan QIN, Yan WANG. Experimental Study on Effects of Acupuncture at Spleen Meridian's Shu and Mu Acupoints Combined with Treadmill Training on Skeletal Muscle Proteins and Muscle Satellite Cells in Gastrocnemius Muscle of Rats with Sciatic Nerve Injury[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (11) : 98 -102 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.11.021
骨骼肌是周围神经系统的重要靶器官,其结构完整性和功能维持均受神经系统的支配和控制[1]。周围神经损伤后神经再生速度缓慢,受神经支配的靶肌肉失去营养供应,出现失神经肌萎缩,且损伤不可逆[2]。肌肉萎缩损害患者运动功能,影响生活质量,严重者会出现终身残疾甚至死亡,影响患者身心健康并增加患者、家属以及医疗卫生的经济压力[3]。研究表明[4]失神经后骨骼肌蛋白的合成减少,肌卫星细胞分化水平降低是加重骨骼肌萎缩重要原因之一。哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)信号通路在骨骼肌蛋白质合成代谢,促进肌卫星细胞增殖分化中起重要作用,mTOR调控其下游蛋白p70核糖体蛋白S6激酶(p70 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase,p70S6K)促进骨骼肌蛋白的合成,并调控肌卫星细胞配对盒转录因子(paired box transcription factor 7,pax7)及成肌分化抗原(myogenic differentiation antigen,Myod)的分化水平[5-6]。因此,干预mTOR信号通路,可能成为治疗失神经肌萎缩的新方向。
针刺疗法是中医学传统疗法之一,在治疗肌肉萎缩方面具有良好的效果,临床应用广泛。俞募穴是五脏六腑之气聚集于胸背部的特定穴,针刺脾经俞募穴可调理脏腑,益气健脾。跑台训练作为一种非药物治疗,是一种操作简单的运动形式,可直接产生机械性应力刺激并促进肌肉收缩[7]。基于以上理论,本研究通过观察针刺脾经俞募穴结合跑台训练对坐骨神经损伤大鼠mTOR信号通路及肌卫星细胞的影响,探讨针刺脾经俞募穴结合跑台训练延缓失神经肌萎缩的机制。
6周龄SPF级雄性SD大鼠30只,体质量(220±30)g,购自辽宁长生生物科技有限公司,动物生产许可证编号NO.SCXK(辽)2020-0001,动物在黑龙江中医药大学脑神经功能康复实验室进行饲养,室温(25±2)℃,相对湿度45% ~55%,自由摄食和饮水,于正式开始实验之前,进行适应性饲养1周。大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、跑台组、针刺组、针刺结合跑台组(结合组),共5组,每组6只。实验过程中动物处置严格按照黑龙江中医药大学伦理委员会规定进行,对动物的饲养、管理以及处置均符合2006年国家科技部发布的《关于善待实验动物的指导性意见》的相关规定,实验经黑龙江中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会批准,动物伦理号2024042803。
(1)主要仪器:石蜡切片机(德国Leica);电热恒温鼓风干燥箱(上海精宏实验设备有限公司)、超纯水系统(香港力康生物医疗科技控股集团);光学显微镜拍照系统(日本Olympus);超速冷冻离心机(湖南长沙湘仪检测设备有限公司);水平摇床、电泳仪、转移槽(北京六一生物科技有限公司);酶标仪(美国Bio Tek);电热恒温培养箱(天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司);基因扩增仪BIOER TC-96GH(b)杭州;凝胶成像分析仪GenoSens2250上海;紫外分光光度计NANO one美国;0.25 mm×25 mm一次性针灸针(贵州安迪药械有限公司)。
(2)主要试剂:全蛋白提取试剂盒、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒、SDS-PAGE凝胶快速制备试剂盒、Western洗涤液、SDS-PAGE电泳液(干粉)、SDS-PAGE蛋白上样缓冲液、ECL发光液、预染蛋白分子量标准、PVDF膜、mTOR antibody(WL02477)、p70s6k antibody(WL03839)、pax7 antibody(WL04954)、Myod antibody(AF7579)、羊抗兔Ig G-HRP(WLA023)、内参抗体β-actin(WL01372)、Powder琼脂糖(111860)Biowest、TRIpure(RP1001)BioTeke、All-in-One First-Strand SuperMix(MD80101)美基生物。
模型制备[8-9],采用2.5%戊巴比妥钠(35 mg/kg)麻醉大鼠,大鼠采取俯卧位固定,然后对手术区域进行剪毛和常规消毒,用消毒手术剪沿坐骨神经走行剪开大约1 cm的皮肤切口,用消毒止血钳钝性分离各层肌肉,直到暴露梨状肌下缘处白色坐骨神经。在距梨状肌下缘5 mm处剪去5 mm的坐骨神经,不进行神经缝合,然后逐层缝合各层肌肉和皮肤,最后碘伏消毒。术后大鼠放入笼中待苏醒。大鼠苏醒后分笼饲养。全部模型由同一人、同手法操作,保持损伤程度的均一性。以大鼠患肢活动减少,活动身体重心偏向健侧,患足拖地行走为造模成功标准。
正常组大鼠正常饲养,不予任何处置,模型组大鼠造模后正常饲养。
造模前,跑台组和结合组大鼠均进行适应性跑台(坡度为0°,速度:8 m/min)训练3 d,将大鼠放置于跑台上,启动跑台,缓慢调节至大鼠所能适应的速度,保证大鼠运动速度与跑台速度一致。造模成功3 d后,开始正式训练,坡度为0°,速度:训练第1~3天8 m/min,第4~6天12 m/min,1次/d,6次/周。
针刺组术后第3天采用针刺治疗,将大鼠取俯卧位固定,1)脾俞穴(双侧):于大鼠T12棘突旁取穴(大鼠两侧髂嵴最高点水平连线与脊柱的交点约为L6棘突或棘突下位置,向上顺摸7个椎体即可找到T12棘突定位“脾俞”穴)[10],取0.25 mm×25 mm 无菌安迪针直刺入5~7 mm;2)章门穴(双侧)[11]:第11肋骨游离端的下方,取0.25 mm×25 mm无菌安迪针直刺入5 mm。以上穴位每10 min行一次捻转“补”法(进针速度较慢,捻转角度小,小于180°,频率慢,1~2次/s),留针30 min,1次/d,6次/周。
术后第3天进行治疗,先进行跑台训练,跑台训练结束后,进行针刺治疗(方法同上)。
4周干预治疗结束后,各组大鼠进行麻醉处死,并完整剥离大鼠双侧腓肠肌,吸干表面残余血液。将大鼠腓肠肌组织均分2份,一份固定于4%多聚甲醛中,用于HE形态学检测;一份存于-80℃冰箱,用于分子生物学检测。
取材时肉眼观察双侧腓肠肌饱满度和萎缩度,将肌肉置于电子天平上称取肌湿重,以各自非手术侧作为对照,计算各组大鼠的腓肠肌湿重比。
术侧腓肠肌标本经4%多聚甲醛固定后,经乙醇梯度脱水、浸蜡、包埋制备石蜡切片并进行HE染色。石蜡包埋、切片(厚度:3μm)。每组选取6张切片进行400倍光学显微镜观察,经ImagePro Plus 6.0图像分析软件计算各组大鼠腓肠肌纤维平均横截面积。
从-80℃冰箱中取出各组大鼠腓肠肌组织样本,取出腓肠肌(200 mg),用RIPA裂解液提取总蛋白,BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒测定蛋白浓度,制备上样液。等量样品蛋白,经相应浓度SDS-PAGE分离后,转膜,5%脱脂奶粉封闭,4℃过夜孵育一抗,(mTOR antibody1∶500;P70S6 Kinase alpha antibody 1∶500;Myod 1∶500;pax7 1∶500;β-actin 1∶1000),37℃45 min孵育二抗(羊抗兔Ig G-HRP 1∶5000),加入ECL化学发光试剂,于暗室曝光,以胶片扫描,采用Gel-Pro-Analyzer图像分析软件进行分析,得出灰度值,计算目的蛋白的相对表达量。最终对数据进行处理。
引物设计,总RNA提取,总RNA逆转录成cDNA、PCR扩增、PCR产物琼脂糖凝胶电泳,用凝胶摄像系统采集电泳图像,用各因子条带灰度与β-actin标准条带的比值,进行半定量分析。引物序列见表1。
使用SPSS 25.0软件,对所有数据进行分析。对于满足正态分布、方差齐的数据采用均数±标准差()表示,组间比较采用ANOVA方差分析,然后采用最小显著差异法(LSD-t法)进行多重比较检验。对于不满足上述条件的数据采用非参数Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验。检验水准a=0.05,以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
与正常组相比,模型组大鼠腓肠肌湿重比显著下降(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,跑台组、针刺组、结合组大鼠腓肠肌湿重比显著提高(P<0.05),结合组大鼠腓肠肌湿重比优于跑台、针刺组(P<0.05),针刺组、跑台组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见插页ⅩⅩ图1。
在400倍光镜下观察,正常组大鼠腓肠肌肌细胞饱满圆润,肌细胞形态正常、大小均等、结构完整、无萎缩、变性、结构清晰、肌纤维排列正常;模型组大鼠肌细胞出现明显萎缩、细胞结构被破坏、纤维化明显、有炎性浸润、细胞间隙有结缔组织增生、肌纤维排列紊乱,间隙模糊不清、肌细胞面积及直径减小;与模型组相比,针刺组、跑台组、结合组3组大鼠肌细胞面积及直径显著增加,炎性细胞浸润及肌细胞受损情况较模型组轻。见插页ⅩⅪ图2。
与正常组相比,模型组患侧腓肠肌mTOR、p70S6K、pax7、Myod蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);与模型组相比,针刺组、跑台组、结合组3组mTOR、p70S6K、pax7、Myod蛋白表达升高,(P<0.05);与针刺组、跑台组相比,结合组mTOR、p70S6K、pax7、Myod蛋白表达高于前两组(P<0.05),针刺组与跑台组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见插页ⅩⅫ图3。
与正常组相比,模型组患侧腓肠肌mTOR、p70S6K、pax7、Myod基因表达降低(P<0.05);与模型组相比,针刺组、跑台组、结合组3组mTOR、p70S6K、pax7、Myod基因表达升高(P<0.05);与针刺组、跑台组相比,结合组mTOR、p70S6K、pax7、Myod基因表达高于前两组(P<0.05),针刺组与跑台组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见插页ⅩⅫ图4。
失神经肌萎缩归属中医学“痿症”范畴,失去神经营养支配的骨骼肌肌纤维变细、消失,肌肉质量下降是其典型病理变化[12]。中医学认为脾主运化,运化水谷精微,营养四肢百骸。脾气充足,脾脏运化功能正常,则肌肉壮实[13]。肉病及脾,肌肉的病变长期不愈,亦可内传入脾,导致脾的病变。神经损伤后,肌肉发生病变,时间长久也会伤及脾,影响脾脏的功能。因此,对于失神经肌萎缩的治疗应从“强脾”入手。脾俞穴是脾脏的背俞穴,脾俞穴内应脾脏,为脾经经气转输之处,有益气健脾的作用,章门穴归于肝经,脾之募穴,是脾之经气结聚之处,用以调节脾脏之功能。又是五脏之气会聚的部位(脏会),此穴临近脾脏,通于脾气,针刺脾经俞募穴可激发脾经经气,达到健脾的目的。除针刺强脾外,运动训练也可以增强脾脏的功能,根据刘友章教授[14]提出脾-线粒体的相关理论,认为中医的脾脏与现代医学中线粒体在生理功能及病理产物生成等方面存在紧密的联系,脾脏化生气血,为日常活动提供动力来源,而线粒体则通过产生腺苷三磷酸(Adenosine triphosphate,ATP)为细胞活动提供动力;脾脏虚弱则化生痰湿与线粒体功能受损引起的氧化应激产物增多道理相同。实验研究证明[15]运动训练可以改善线粒体形态及功能,提供细胞能量供应、抵抗氧化应激。此外研究表明[16]肌肉质量的下降与运动量减少有关,运动能够促进肌肉收缩、增加肌力及肌肉蛋白合成。跑台训练可以直接产生机械性应力刺激,促进肌肉收缩,在实验中应用广泛[7]。本实验研究结果证实,针刺和跑台训练均能通过“强脾”,改善肌肉质量,证明二者“强脾”治疗的可行性,二者结合效果更佳。
失神经后,机体处于制动状态,肌肉收缩能力丧失,开始出现不可逆的肌肉萎缩[17]。本实验研究发现,肉眼观察大鼠患侧腓肠肌,与健侧相比肌肉萎缩明显,HE病理结果显示模型组大鼠患侧腓肠肌肌细胞面积显著减小,且肌细胞分布不均,有纤维组织增生,这与课题组前期研究结果一致[18]。针刺脾经俞募穴可通过针灸刺激,激发脾经经气,改善肌肉功能;跑台训练作为一种力学刺激形式,其产生的力学刺激通过复杂的传导机制不仅能够增加骨的质量、密度,还能促进肌肉收缩、增加肌肉质量[19]。本实验研究结果表明,针刺及跑台训练能够有效地增加肌肉质量,延缓肌肉萎缩进程,与相关研究结果一致[8,20]。
骨骼肌质量的维持需要稳定的肌蛋白的合成与代谢[21]。mTOR/p70S6K信号通路是促进骨骼肌蛋白合成的一条重要通路,mTOR/p70S6K信号通路的激活能提高肌细胞的分化水平和肌管的肥大,促进肌肉生长[22-23]。mTOR是维持肌肉质量、促进肌肉再生的关键因子,mTOR激活下游蛋白p70S6K启动蛋白翻译过程,并协调肌卫星细胞的增殖分化[24-25]。mTOR活性降低导致肌卫星细胞增殖分化水平下降[6]。Pax7是肌卫星细胞激活的标志,研究表明[26-28]pax7能靶向调控肌卫星细胞的增殖分化,其下游肌源性调节因子(myogenic regulatory factors,MRFs)主要负责肌卫星细胞的肌源性分化。Myod是MRFs家族中的一员,对促进肌肉恢复至关重要[29]。pax7可诱导Myod表达,促使肌卫星细胞向扁圆形成肌细胞分化,Myod提高下游分化因子肌细胞生成素(Myogenin,MyoG)表达,使扁圆形成肌细胞变为梭形,促进肌管合成,最后形成成熟的肌纤维[30-31]。本实验研究提示,坐骨神经离断4周后模型组大鼠患侧腓肠肌mTOR、p70S6K、pax7、Myod蛋白及基因表达低于正常组,说明失神经4周后mTOR/p70S6K信号通路受到抑制,肌卫星细胞分化能力下降。经针刺、跑台训练及结合治疗后,大鼠腓肠肌mTOR、p70S6K、pax7和Myod蛋白、基因表达增加,提示针刺、跑台训练及结合治疗可能通过激活mTOR信号通路,促进骨骼肌蛋白合成和肌卫星细胞增殖分化。mTOR作为通路上的关键蛋白,经干预治疗后表达升高,说明针刺脾经俞募穴及跑台训练干预治疗的有效性,有利于骨骼肌蛋白合成,分化肌卫星细胞,修复受损骨骼肌。
综上所述,针刺脾经俞募穴及跑台训练可能通过调控mTOR/p70S6K信号通路,促进mTOR、p70S6K、pax7、Myod蛋白及基因表达,促进骨骼肌蛋白合成,提高肌卫星细胞的增殖分化能力,增加肌肉质量,延缓失神经肌萎缩。
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.11.021
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-11-10
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(82274623)
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    1.黑龙江中医药大学,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150006
    2.黑龙江中医药大学附属第二医院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040

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王艳(1967-),女,辽宁大连人,教授、主任医师,博士研究生导师,研究方向:功能障碍的中医康复基础与临床。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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