Article(id=1322928191173689620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926740955341011, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.10.025, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793340259593, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1760025600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793340259593, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793340259593, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793340259593, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322926740955341011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1760025600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339913834, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340753123, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322930261259846420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926740955341011, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322930261259846421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926740955341011, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=124, endPage=128, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322928191358238997, articleId=1322928191173689620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Exploring Pathogenesis of Metabolic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Caused by Insulin Resistance from Phlegm-Dampness, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is characterized by fatty deposits in the liver accompanied by obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus or metabolic related diseases.It is a common liver disease,whose spectrum of disease is not only limited to liver diseases such as metabolic steatohepatitis,liver fibrosis,liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma,but also often associated with extrahepatic complications,involving multiple systems,especially posing a serious threat to the female endocrine system.It is often combined with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),which refers to MAFLD combined with PCOS.Although MAFLD combined with PCOSis considered a benign disease,as the condition progresses,it eventually develops into cirrhosis,and even leads to liver cancer,infertility and other diseases,seriously endangering women's health.The pathogenesis of MAFLD complicated with PCOSis not clear yet.The author’s tutor believes that the occurrence of MAFLD combined with PCOSis related to spleen,liver and kidney.Phlegm and dampness run through the development of MAFLD combined with PCOS.From a modern medical perspective,it is currently believed to be related to insulin resistance(IR).IR is highly consistent with the theory of phlegm-dampness in TCM.Therefore,this article discussed the important role of IR in this disease from the point of phlegmdampness.For the disease located in spleen,the treatment is mainly warming Yang to dissipate Qi.For the disease located disease in liver,the treatment is soothing liver and dispelling dampness.For the disease located in kidney,the treatment is tonifying kidney and dispelling dampness.Based on the method of eliminating phlegm and removing dampness to regulate IR and improve MAFLD with PCOS,it opens up a new idea for the treatment of MAFLD with PCOS.

, authors=Meihua LIU1, Bingjiu LU2, Peiwei CONG3, Jialian ZHENG2, authorsList=Meihua LIU, Bingjiu LU, Peiwei CONG, Jialian ZHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bingjiu LU, Peiwei CONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322928191727337750, articleId=1322928191173689620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=从痰湿探讨胰岛素抵抗致代谢相关脂肪性肝病合并多囊卵巢综合征的发病机理, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

代谢相关脂肪性肝病(metabolic associated fatty liver disease,MAFLD)为肝脂肪沉积并伴有肥胖、2型糖尿病或合并代谢相关疾病。是目前常见的肝脏疾病,其疾病谱不仅仅局限在代谢相关脂肪性肝炎、肝纤维化、肝硬化、肝细胞癌等肝脏疾病本身,还常常合并一些肝外并发症,涉及多个系统,尤其是对女性内分泌系统的危害较为严重,常常合并多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS),即代谢相关脂肪性肝病合并多囊卵巢综合征(MAFLD合并PCOS)。MAFLD合并PCOS虽被认为是一种良性病变,但随着病情不断地进展,最终发展为肝硬化,甚至走向肝胞癌,不孕等疾病,严重危害女性健康,MAFLD合并PCOS发病机制尚不明确,卢秉久教授认为MAFLD合并PCOS的发生与脾肝肾三脏有关,痰湿贯穿MAFLD合并PCOS疾病发展始终,从现代医学角度,目前认为可能与胰岛素抵抗(insulin Resistance,IR)有关。IR与中医“痰湿”理论高度吻合。从痰湿出发探讨胰岛素抵抗在疾病中发挥的重要作用进行阐述,病位在脾,温阳化气为主;病位在肝,疏肝祛湿为要;病位在肾,补肾祛湿为本,基于祛痰利湿法调控胰岛素抵抗改善MAFLD合并PCOS,为MAFLD合并PCOS的治疗打开新的思路。

, authors=柳美华1, 卢秉久2, 丛培玮3, 郑佳连2, authorsList=柳美华, 卢秉久, 丛培玮, 郑佳连, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=卢秉久, 丛培玮, authorNote=

柳美华(1983-),女,辽宁庄河人,主治医师,博士在读,研究方向:中西医结合治疗肝病。

, correspAuthorsNote=
卢秉久(1961-),男,辽宁丹东人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,硕士,研究方向:中西医结合治疗肝病。E-mail:。
丛培玮(1981-),女,辽宁沈阳人,正高级实验师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药干预内分泌代谢性疾病。E-mail:。
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柳美华(1983-),女,辽宁庄河人,主治医师,博士在读,研究方向:中西医结合治疗肝病。

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柳美华(1983-),女,辽宁庄河人,主治医师,博士在读,研究方向:中西医结合治疗肝病。

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从痰湿探讨胰岛素抵抗致代谢相关脂肪性肝病合并多囊卵巢综合征的发病机理
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柳美华 1 , 卢秉久 2 , 丛培玮 3 , 郑佳连 2
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(10): 124-128
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (10) : 124 -128
从痰湿探讨胰岛素抵抗致代谢相关脂肪性肝病合并多囊卵巢综合征的发病机理
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柳美华1, 卢秉久2 , 丛培玮3 , 郑佳连2
作者信息
  • 1.辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847
  • 2.辽宁中医药大学附属医院,辽宁 沈阳 110032
  • 3.辽宁中医药大学中医脏象理论及应用国家教育部重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110847
通讯作者:
卢秉久(1961-),男,辽宁丹东人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,硕士,研究方向:中西医结合治疗肝病。E-mail:。
丛培玮(1981-),女,辽宁沈阳人,正高级实验师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药干预内分泌代谢性疾病。E-mail:。
作者简介:

柳美华(1983-),女,辽宁庄河人,主治医师,博士在读,研究方向:中西医结合治疗肝病。

Exploring Pathogenesis of Metabolic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Caused by Insulin Resistance from Phlegm-Dampness
Meihua LIU1, Bingjiu LU2 , Peiwei CONG3 , Jialian ZHENG2
Affiliations
  • 1.Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110847,Liaoning,China
  • 2.Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110032,Liaoning,China
  • 3.Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zang Xiang Theory and Application,Shenyang 110847,Liaoning,China
出版时间: 2025-10-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.10.025
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代谢相关脂肪性肝病(metabolic associated fatty liver disease,MAFLD)为肝脂肪沉积并伴有肥胖、2型糖尿病或合并代谢相关疾病。是目前常见的肝脏疾病,其疾病谱不仅仅局限在代谢相关脂肪性肝炎、肝纤维化、肝硬化、肝细胞癌等肝脏疾病本身,还常常合并一些肝外并发症,涉及多个系统,尤其是对女性内分泌系统的危害较为严重,常常合并多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS),即代谢相关脂肪性肝病合并多囊卵巢综合征(MAFLD合并PCOS)。MAFLD合并PCOS虽被认为是一种良性病变,但随着病情不断地进展,最终发展为肝硬化,甚至走向肝胞癌,不孕等疾病,严重危害女性健康,MAFLD合并PCOS发病机制尚不明确,卢秉久教授认为MAFLD合并PCOS的发生与脾肝肾三脏有关,痰湿贯穿MAFLD合并PCOS疾病发展始终,从现代医学角度,目前认为可能与胰岛素抵抗(insulin Resistance,IR)有关。IR与中医“痰湿”理论高度吻合。从痰湿出发探讨胰岛素抵抗在疾病中发挥的重要作用进行阐述,病位在脾,温阳化气为主;病位在肝,疏肝祛湿为要;病位在肾,补肾祛湿为本,基于祛痰利湿法调控胰岛素抵抗改善MAFLD合并PCOS,为MAFLD合并PCOS的治疗打开新的思路。

痰湿  /  胰岛素抵抗  /  代谢相关脂肪性肝病  /  多囊卵巢综合征  /  祛痰利湿

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is characterized by fatty deposits in the liver accompanied by obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus or metabolic related diseases.It is a common liver disease,whose spectrum of disease is not only limited to liver diseases such as metabolic steatohepatitis,liver fibrosis,liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma,but also often associated with extrahepatic complications,involving multiple systems,especially posing a serious threat to the female endocrine system.It is often combined with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),which refers to MAFLD combined with PCOS.Although MAFLD combined with PCOSis considered a benign disease,as the condition progresses,it eventually develops into cirrhosis,and even leads to liver cancer,infertility and other diseases,seriously endangering women's health.The pathogenesis of MAFLD complicated with PCOSis not clear yet.The author’s tutor believes that the occurrence of MAFLD combined with PCOSis related to spleen,liver and kidney.Phlegm and dampness run through the development of MAFLD combined with PCOS.From a modern medical perspective,it is currently believed to be related to insulin resistance(IR).IR is highly consistent with the theory of phlegm-dampness in TCM.Therefore,this article discussed the important role of IR in this disease from the point of phlegmdampness.For the disease located in spleen,the treatment is mainly warming Yang to dissipate Qi.For the disease located disease in liver,the treatment is soothing liver and dispelling dampness.For the disease located in kidney,the treatment is tonifying kidney and dispelling dampness.Based on the method of eliminating phlegm and removing dampness to regulate IR and improve MAFLD with PCOS,it opens up a new idea for the treatment of MAFLD with PCOS.

phlegm-dampness  /  insulin resistance  /  metabolic fatty liver disease  /  polycystic ovary syndrome  /  dispelling phlegm and dispelling dampness
柳美华, 卢秉久, 丛培玮, 郑佳连. 从痰湿探讨胰岛素抵抗致代谢相关脂肪性肝病合并多囊卵巢综合征的发病机理. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (10) : 124 -128 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.10.025
Meihua LIU, Bingjiu LU, Peiwei CONG, Jialian ZHENG. Exploring Pathogenesis of Metabolic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Caused by Insulin Resistance from Phlegm-Dampness[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (10) : 124 -128 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.10.025
代谢相关脂肪性肝病(metabolic associated fatty liver disease,MAFLD),即所谓的脂肪肝,是目前最常见的肝脏疾病,为肝脂肪沉积并伴有肥胖、2型糖尿病或合并代谢相关疾病。在2020年之前,被称之为非酒精性脂肪肝病(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD),正式更名后,突出强调了代谢功能障碍在本病中发挥的重要作用[1]。随着对MAFLD研究的深入和了解,越来越多证据表明,肝外并发症远远超过肝脏本身疾病,并发症范围之广,涉及多个系统,尤其对生育期女性内分泌系统的危害较为严重。多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS)也是MAFLD发生和发展的独立危险因素,在全世界育龄期妇女发病率高达20%[2],且逐年升高[3]。一直以来都是各国生殖内分泌领域的研究热点与难点[4-5],已成为21世纪威胁女性健康的重要危险因素[6],其特征是高雄激素血症和排卵功能障碍[7]。发病年龄贯穿于女性青春期至育龄期[8]。研究发现,女性MAFLD确诊患者中PCOS检出率为50%~70%,显著高于非MAFLD的普通人群[9]。有学者认为,MAFLD和PCOS就是代谢综合征累及肝脏[10]、卵巢的不同表现,专家由此提出“肝-卵巢轴”的概念。MAFLD合并PCOS虽被认为是一种良性病变,但随着病情不断地进展,最终发展为肝硬化,甚至走向肝胞癌,不孕等疾病,严重危害女性健康[11]。MAFLD合并PCOS发病机制尚不明确,目前认为可能与胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)有关[12]。IR导致PCOS患者脂肪分解加速,从而使得游离脂肪酸(free fatty acid,FFA)向肝内运输增加导致肝细胞内的脂肪堆积,形成MAFLD合并PCOS。因此,进一步探索MAFLD合并PCOS的发病机理,努力探索更加行之有效的治疗方案成为了目前MAFLD合并PCOS研究的热门话题。
近年来,随着人们生活水平、膳食结构和营养状况的改善,MAFLD全球患病率高达25%[13]。预计到2030年,中国MAFLD/NAFLD患者将有约3.1亿例[14]。研究显示,育龄妇女中,发生PCOS的约有10%,同时患有MFALD有15%~55%[15],PCOS患者患MAFLD的风险估计高出2.2倍到3.9倍,表明PCOS和MAFLD之间的潜在联系和雄激素有关[16]。女性MAFLD确诊患者中PCOS检出率为50%~70%,显著高于非MAFLD的普通人群[14]。这两种疾病的直接联系,故对患有PCOS的年轻女性应该进行MAFLD筛查,反之亦然,避免MAFLD合并PCOS的发生。
脾的主要生理功能是主运化、升清、统摄血液。中医理论认为,痰湿是人体脏腑气血失和,水液代谢障碍所形成的病理产物。“肥则碍胃,甘则滞脾”,在众多致病因素中,饮食失节、嗜食肥甘厚味,损伤脾胃,脾气不运致津液内停,痰湿内生,故有“脾为生痰之源”。《素问·奇病论篇》云:“肥者令人内热,甘者令人中满”。《女科切要·调经门》中也指出:“肥白妇人,经闭而不通者,必是痰湿与脂膜壅塞之故也”。痰湿是肥胖、2型糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪肝、高脂血症及PCOS等代谢性疾病的重要致病因素及证型。古代文献并无代谢相关脂肪性肝病和多囊卵巢综合征病名的记载。现代中医医家普遍将MAFLD归属于“肝癖”“肥气”“胁痛”等范畴[17],将PCOS归属于中医“不孕症”“月经后期”“闭经”等范畴[18]。脾胃虚弱,机体对水谷精微摄入、转输、利用、排泄失常,则可使脂质瘀积肝脏[19];痰湿流注下焦,壅塞胞宫,而致月经失调发为PCOS[20]。肝病专家关幼波认为[21],脂肪肝是由摄食过多与少劳多坐,痰湿内生,痰阻血络所致。由痰致瘀,由瘀致痰或痰瘀相互搏结,病情缠绵,或疾病恶化,变生他证。卢秉久教授传承名医王文彦先生学术思想,国家第6、7批名老中医药专家经验传承指导教师,首批国家中医优秀临床人才,从事中医药治疗肝病工作40余年,在中医药治疗MAFLD合并PCOS上有独到的见解,认为MAFLD合并PCOS的发生与肾肝脾三脏有关,痰湿贯穿MAFLD合并PCOS疾病发展始终。《景岳全书·杂证谟·痰饮》则提出“肾主水,水泛亦为痰……痰之化无不在脾,而痰之本无不在肾。”肾藏精,为先天之本,具有主司和调节全身水液代谢的功能;肝主疏泄,调畅气机,为将军之官,调节全身津液的生成、输布、排泄,维持体内津液的平衡与稳定;脾主运化,为后天之本,脾气有转输水谷精微,为机体提供充足的能量和营养物质;运化水湿,调节水液代谢的功能,将产生的废物和多余的水液转化为汗液和尿液排出体外。三者共同参与水液代谢,肾肝脾任何一个脏腑功能失调,都会导致水液代谢异常,水湿停聚,壅塞成痰,痰湿易于流窜,可流窜到人体各个脏腑、经脉,引发各种疾病,痰湿内壅于脏腑,积聚肝脏,可形成脂肪肝;外达于形体表现为形体肥胖;痰湿流窜于卵巢,痰阻胞脉,形成卵巢的多囊样改变,痰湿阻滞于毛窍,发为痤疮、多毛等即为多囊卵巢综合征。痰湿阻于肝脏胞宫脉络,胞宫胞脉气血失和,冲任失调形成MAFLD合并PCOS。临床表现:早期MAFLD症状不易被察觉,门诊患者往往以胁痛、痞满、不寐、便溏伴有形体肥胖、月经后期、量少等表现而就诊。
IR是指正常剂量的胰岛素作用机体后,产生的生物学效应低于预期水平,即组织中的胰岛素调节糖代谢的能力下降[22],促进组织和细胞吸收、利用葡萄糖的胰岛素效能下降,常伴随高胰岛素血症(compensatory hyperinsulinemia,CHI)[23]。65%~95%PCOS患者会存在IR和代偿性高胰岛素血症[24]。女性患者胰岛素敏感性下降原因包括胰岛素受体缺陷和葡萄糖转运到骨骼肌的胰岛素信号缺陷[25],胰岛素受体(insulin receptor,INSR)缺陷以及胰岛素信号通路受损可能参与MAFLD合并PCOS的发生。胰岛素受体通常表达于肝脏、脂肪、骨骼肌和卵巢的细胞膜上,是一个异四聚体。与所有细胞类型一样,肝、卵巢胰岛素信号转导也是始于INSR自身磷酸化,胰岛素(insulin,INS)与受体结合后,启动受体的寡聚化和酪氨酸残基的自身磷酸化,在肝细胞中表达的胰岛素受体底物(insulin receptor substrate,IRS)主要亚型是IRS-1和IRS-2[26],IRS-1作为调控胰岛素活性重要的枢纽蛋白,为后续的下游信号通路的传导提供分子基础,引起信号传导的级联反应。磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,PKB/AKT)通路是胰岛素受体信号转导一个重要途径,与细胞的增殖、分化及凋亡等生命活动密切相关[27]。AKT是PI3K信号通路下游的重要靶蛋白,其中AKT2是参与葡萄糖稳态调节的胰岛素效应组织,促进胰岛素影响肝糖原合成和抑制肝葡萄糖生成。胰岛素激活AKT,使糖原合成酶激酶(glycogen synthase kinase,GSK)磷酸化失活,主要是GSK-3β,减少IRS-1磷酸化,抑制胰岛素信号正常传导[28]。因此PI3K/AKT信号通路在调控糖代谢及IR中发挥重要作用[29-30]。PI3K/AKT信号通路转导中任何环节的障碍都可能导致IR[31]。由IR引起的循环中FFA的增加刺激了肝脏对FFA的吸收,从而导致肝脏中的脂质积聚和炎症,会激活许多激酶,如c-Jun氨基末端激酶(c-Jun N-terminal kinase,JNK)又被称为应激活化蛋白激酶和KappaB激酶抑制剂(inhibitor of kappaB kinase,IKK),通过IRS影响胰岛素信号传导,增加卵泡膜细胞中雄激素的产生,出现高雄激素血症,从而抑制低密度脂蛋白受体(low density lipoprotein receptor,LDLR)的基因转录,延长极低密度脂蛋白(very low density lipoprotein,VLDL)和低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDL)的半衰期,导致肝脏脂质沉积;高雄激素抑制卵泡发育、成熟,从而导致卵泡闭锁,降低体内雌二醇(estradiol,E2)水平,促黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)水平升高,促卵泡刺激素(folliclestimulating hormone,FSH)水平降低,同时IR导致代偿性高胰岛素血症,在LH的作用下,诱导卵泡膜细胞分泌睾丸酮合雄烯二酮。出现卵巢颗粒细胞增殖受抑,影响卵泡发育,造成排卵障碍,最终形成MAFLD合并PCOS。
关于痰湿与IR的关系,早在《素问·奇病论篇》中已有类似的记载,曰:“有病口甘者,名曰脾瘅,此肥美之所发也,此人必数食甘美而多肥也,肥者令人内热,甘者令人中满,故其气上溢,转为消渴。”可见痰湿是消渴病的重要病机,IR是指肝脏、肌肉、脂肪组织等靶器官对胰岛素介导的葡萄糖的反应性及敏感性降低,而产生的一系列病理表现。胰腺代偿性增加胰岛素分泌,胰岛素水平失衡,出现高胰岛素血症。从现代医学视角看,IR和消渴病的发生密不可分。由此可见,痰湿在IR的发生中起着重要作用。中医学认为肥人多痰,痰湿停聚是肥胖的主要原因[32]。肥胖的特点是脂肪细胞膨胀增大,当脂肪细胞储存甘油三酯时,体积可以膨胀增大为原来的2~4倍。但脂肪细胞数量不会增加。肥胖乃脾虚运化水谷精微功能失常,气血生化无源,正气不足,故聚湿生痰,导致体内脂肪堆积,过多的内脏脂肪组织释放出大量的FFA,FFA增加肝脏的糖原异生,降低肝脏对胰岛素的敏感性及反应性,抑制糖原合成和胰岛素对葡萄糖的摄取利用,引起胰岛素血症或形成IR,因此,痰湿是IR的病理基础[33]。一项关于肥胖患者施行手术减肥的研究中,对其肝脏进行活检,发现不同程度的患有MAFLD、肝炎、肝纤维化、肝硬化,甚至MAFLD患病率达90%,表明内脏脂肪沉积,患MAFLD的风险更高[34];张蓓琳等[35]证实了肥胖患者血中FFA增加是导致IR的主要原因。中医素有“肥人多痰湿”之说。肥胖是导致IR的独立危险因素之一。IR与中医“痰湿”理论高度吻合,因此,IR导致“肝-卵巢轴”失调可能是MAFLD合并PCOS的发病途径。
中医药干预MAFLD合并PCOS一直在临床收效甚佳,具有不良反应小、效果好、价格低的优势。目前研究表明,MAFLD和PCOS关系密切,在病因上主要与肥胖及IR有关,在病理基础、临床症状和治疗上均存在联系。以向心性肥胖、IR、糖耐量受损以及血脂代谢障碍等为主的代谢综合征是联系MAFLD和PCOS的纽带,也常困扰着多MAFLD和PCOS患者。PCOS的患者可以伴有MAFLD,对患有MAFLD并PCOS的研究,目前国际上相关比较分析资料较少[31,36],国内该类资料则更少。目前,对于单纯MAFLD治疗,仍没有获得批准的一线药物,对于PCOS的治疗,西医的治疗方法多为PCOS的多采取激素治疗,但长期口服激素不良反应多,患者依从性差,治疗费用高等问题,不能达到根本治疗目的。对于MAFLD并PCOS的治疗,生活方式干预是MAFLD并PCOS最基础的治疗方式,尤其是对于肥胖或超重的女性,可逆转单纯性脂肪肝、逆转肝纤维化改变妊娠结局及糖脂代谢并发症[37-39]。
MAFLD合并PCOS虽病位在肝,然与众多医家不同的是,吾师认为其病位在脾,治疗关键在于“治痰”“治气”。《素问·玉机真脏论篇》中有“脾为孤脏,中央土以灌四旁”之说,脾为后天之本、气血生化之源,五脏六腑、四肢百骸无不依赖脾的健运,脾虚无力运化水谷则生湿生滞;王燕昌在《王氏医存·卷九》中分析肥人痰湿的病机在于“脾受湿伤,不能消食,宿食惟在胃资湿生痰”,饮食不节直接损伤脾胃,起居无常则耗伤气血,进而伤脾。因此,对病位在脾,以仲景“病痰饮者,当以温药和之”理论为指导,吾师倡导“温阳化气”并在温阳之时兼用理气药,旨在温能散水湿、消痰饮,辛味药具有宣、散、通、行的药理特点,能助阳行气,痰随气消,二者相得益彰。诚如《存斋医话》指出:“盖痰之患,由于液不化,液之结,由于气不化”故病位在脾,温阳以化气至关重要,又与见肝之病当先实脾的理念相契合。李成刚等[40]发现加味补中益气汤可以调节PCOS患者糖脂代谢,改善患者的IR和脂质沉积,减轻肥胖患者体质量,调节卵巢多囊样改变,恢复正常月经周期。加减苍附导痰汤[41]改善痰湿内阻型MAFLD患者的肝功能、中医证候积分、肝脏脂肪含量及肝功能。曾文[42]采用苍附导痰汤辅助西药治疗痰湿阻滞型PCOS,发现其不仅可以缓解临床症状,还改善激素和IR指标水平,并有助于调节血清FFA浓度。苓桂术甘汤[43]与西药联合治疗痰湿内阻型MAFLD的效果均优于相应西药单药;金小琴等[44]学者发现苍附导痰汤可以改善卵巢和脂肪细胞线粒体能量的代谢从而改善患者IR的机制。二陈汤是干预MAFLD的核心方剂[45-46],不仅能改善脂肪肝患者及动物IR,减少肝脏脂肪堆积和炎症损伤,还能降低肝功能指标,延缓MAFLD的疾病进程。丛培玮发现“二陈汤”对痰湿型PCOS大鼠内分泌及糖脂代谢的影响,证实了中医“益气健脾”法治疗PCOS疗效显著[47]。以上研究表明苍附导痰汤类方及其二陈汤加减方分别应用于MAFLD和PCOS的治疗上,可以改善IR,减少肝脏脂质代谢,证实了温阳益气健脾祛湿的作用,但未直接表明苍附导痰汤类方是通过改善IR调控MAFLD合并PCOS,但基于“痰湿”理论与胰岛素相关性研究及本病病机的探讨,推测苍附导痰汤类方及其二陈汤加减方治疗本病可能与调控胰岛素有关,其相关性需进一步验证。
刘完素曰:“天癸既行,皆从厥阴论治”,《傅青主女科》在此基础上,又提出了“女子以肝为先天”之说法,肝藏血,调节血量,肝主疏泄,调畅气机,肝脉所过之处,与冲任皆有密切关系。《傅青主女科·种子》亦曰:“其郁而不能成胎者,以肝木不舒,必下克脾,而致塞脾土之气……带脉之气既塞,则胞胎之门必闭。”育龄期女性的生理特点多处于肝气生发、生长旺盛的阶段,气常有余,而血常不足,肝主疏泄,肝藏血的功能的正常与否,影响水谷精微的输布、气血津液的运行。肝气郁结,情志失调,疏泄失司,木不疏土,壅滞中焦,津液输布异常聚为痰饮,血液运行受阻留而为瘀,脂膏留积于肝脏脉络、胞宫,着而不化,肝细胞发生脂肪性病变,卵巢出现多囊样改变,导致MAFLD合并PCOS发生。《内经》有“土疏泄,苍气达”,使得肝疏泄有常,脾运化有司,则气血才能正常化生。痰、湿、瘀为病理关键,因此以柴胡疏肝散、四逆散为代表方,随症加减,以清肝健脾为主要治则进行治疗。其中张玉佩等[48]认为痰瘀交阻的程度越严重,代表肝内脂质堆积状况越是突出,并且随着脂肪肝疾病的发展,IR指数愈高,则痰瘀交阻的程度也愈严重。牛艳艳等[49]建立肝郁型多囊卵巢大鼠模型研究发现肝郁使大鼠脂质代谢紊乱程度进一步加深。潘丰满等[50]柴胡疏肝散改善MAFLD患者肝功能、肝脏B超。牛春红等[51]临床研究发现,疏肝健脾化痰汤可有效改善MAFLD患者临床症状,调节患者血脂水平,调节IR情况,对肝功能有一定保护作用。
《景岳全书》云:“痰之化,无不在脾;而痰之本,无不在肾”,痰之始生,虽由脾失运化,津液不能正常敷布所致,但病邪日久则可伤及肾中阳气,治当温肾纳气以逐痰饮。《景岳全书》谓:“故治痰者,必当温脾强肾,以治痰之本”。肾虽主水,但水湿泛滥易阻遏肾阳、损伤肾气,最终都影响津液代谢,导致水谷不能化为精微,转而为痰为浊,行于脉内,积于肝脏。《诸病源候论》道:“肾藏精,精者,血之所成也。”肾藏精,主生殖,精血同源,精血空虚,冲任失于充养,血海不能按时满溢,会出现月经后期、闭经。肾阴不足者,则卵子无以成熟;肾阳不足,蒸腾气化失司,水液代谢失常,水湿停聚,渐生痰湿,阻于胞宫而致肾-天癸-冲任-胞宫轴失调,则卵子无以排出,可致不孕。痰湿日久生为癥瘕,导致患者卵巢体积增大,呈多囊样改变,正如朱丹溪所谓“自气成积,自积成痰,痰夹瘀血,遂成窠囊”。故对痰湿病位在肾,治疗上常常补益肾气,以达温化水湿助脾阳,防止疾病传肾的目的。刘喜明教授[20]治疗此以补肾阳为主,兼化痰祛湿为治法,予阳和汤治疗PCOS患者,辨证加减。陆葳等[52]选用补肾涤痰汤治疗肾虚痰聚PCOS,可明显改善PCOS患者中医证候、性激素水平和腰臀比。
MAFLD合并PCOS为本虚标实之证,痰湿为标,肝脾肾为本。脾气健运,运化有度,化精微为气血,化水湿为津液。肝气调达,疏泄有常,气血津液各行其道,发挥其正常的生理功能。肾主水,肾的气化功能对体内津液的输布、排泄和平衡起着重要的调节作用,而且脾的运化功能也有赖于肾气的推动,因此肾气亏虚为体内痰浊生成之本源。IR是导致MAFLD合并PCOS发生的重要机制,IR相关治疗被证明对MAFLD、PCOS有调节作用。从中医角度,基于MAFLD与PCOS具有相同的证型-痰湿证(肥胖),从肝脾肾三脏出发,从痰湿入手,从肥胖入手,基于“痰湿”理论分析IR在本病中发挥的重要作用,通过温阳健脾、疏肝祛湿、补肾化痰法以达到干预MAFLD并PCOS的目的,为MAFLD合并PCOS的治疗打开新的思路。
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2025年第43卷第10期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.10.025
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-10-10
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基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82104735)
中国博士后科学基金第71批面上资助“地区专项支持计划”项目(2022MD713764)
辽宁省教育厅优秀研究生项目(LJ212410162030)
辽宁省教育厅青创团队项目-中药学+基础(2024-JYTCB-083)
辽宁省教育厅基本科研面上项目(JYTMS20231815)
辽宁中医药大学中医脏象理论及应用教育部重点实验室开放基金资助项目(zyzx2202)
作者信息
    1.辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847
    2.辽宁中医药大学附属医院,辽宁 沈阳 110032
    3.辽宁中医药大学中医脏象理论及应用国家教育部重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110847

通讯作者:

卢秉久(1961-),男,辽宁丹东人,主任医师,博士研究生导师,硕士,研究方向:中西医结合治疗肝病。E-mail:。
丛培玮(1981-),女,辽宁沈阳人,正高级实验师,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药干预内分泌代谢性疾病。E-mail:。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zhzyyxk/CN/10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.10.025
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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